CN112021104A - Method for planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in saline-alkali soil by broadcast sowing - Google Patents
Method for planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in saline-alkali soil by broadcast sowing Download PDFInfo
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in saline-alkali soil by broadcast sowing, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil rice planting. The method for planting the saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil by broadcasting comprises the steps of (1) weeding before ploughing, (2) leveling dry land, (3) applying a soil directional conditioner and a base fertilizer, (4) carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, (5) soaking and pulping, (6) leveling water, (7) pretreating seeds, (8) broadcasting and (9) carrying out later-stage management. The rice planting method adopts a broadcast sowing mode and combines the use of the soil directional conditioner, so that the saline-alkali tolerant rice planting in a large area of saline-alkali soil can be realized, and the labor input of rice planting is reduced; and the effects of improving saline-alkali soil and increasing the yield of rice in the saline-alkali soil can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil rice planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting saline-alkali resistant rice in saline-alkali soil by broadcast sowing.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a generic term for saline soil and alkaline earth. The saline soil mainly refers to saline soil with high chloride or sulfate content, and the soil is alkaline but not necessarily high in pH value. The alkaline earth is soil containing carbonate or heavy phosphate, the pH value is higher, the soil is alkaline, the content of organic matters in saline-alkali soil is low, the soil fertility is low, the physicochemical property is poor, more anions and cations are harmful to crops, and the seedlings of the crops are not easy to promote.
The rice broadcast sowing cultivation is a cultivation technology which is labor-saving, cost-saving and efficiency-increasing, a large amount of tests, demonstrations and popularization works are carried out in Guangdong Huiyang areas as early as the 80 th century, and a successful experience of broadcast sowing rice high-yield cultivation is summarized. The rice after broadcast sowing has developed root system and strong activity, and the damage of the root system caused by transplanting or seedling throwing cultivation can be overcome, thereby being beneficial to increasing the rooting number; the broadcast rice is sown shallowly, the root system grows shallowly, and the surface soil oxygen is sufficient; the tillering is early after sowing, the tillering position is low, and the effective spike number is large; the seedlings grow stably and the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced; the growth period is shortened, and the season is strived to be initiative; labor investment is saved by broadcasting, and rural labor transfer is promoted; the procedures of preparing, holding seedling land, pulling seedling, transplanting or throwing seedling are reduced, and the rice transplanting speed is generally more than that of transplanting rice per 667m22 labor days can be saved, more labor is saved by more than 3, and the labor is saved by 0.5-1 compared with that of seedling throwing; the production cost is saved, and the economic benefit is improved; reduce environmental pollution and realize sustainable development of agriculture.
Saline-alkali tolerant rice planting is carried out on saline-alkali soil, a rice transplanting mode is usually adopted, and a broadcast sowing mode is not utilized. The method for broadcasting the saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil is beneficial to saving the saline-alkali soil improvement cost and accelerating the improvement process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in saline-alkali soil by broadcast sowing, and a special soil conditioner is applied to the saline-alkali soil before rice planting, so that the saline-alkali tolerant rice planting in the saline-alkali soil in a large area can be realized, and the labor input of rice planting is reduced; and the effects of improving saline-alkali soil and increasing the yield of rice in the saline-alkali soil can be achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in saline-alkali soil by broadcast sowing comprises the following steps:
(1) weeding before ploughing
Spraying acetochlor serving as a herbicide in a windless sunny day 15-20 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, and uniformly spraying;
(2) leveling of drought
Finely leveling the land parcel with a height difference of +/-3 cm, and ensuring the water layer control of the rice;
(3) applying soil directional conditioner and base fertilizer
1 day before rotary tillage and soil preparation, spreading a soil directional conditioner, wherein the dosage per mu is 50-60 kg; after the soil directional conditioner is applied, 100-150kg of finished organic fertilizer and 40-50kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of land;
(4) rotary tillage soil preparation
After applying the soil conditioning directional conditioner and the base fertilizer, ploughing the soil conditioning directional conditioner and the base fertilizer to a depth of 20-25 cm; mixing a fertilizer and a soil directional conditioner with soil;
(5) soaking and pulping
After ploughing, establishing a 15-20cm water layer, soaking for 3-5 days to saturate soil water and facilitate pulping; the surface layer of the land is more than 10cm in slurry shape, which is beneficial to standing the seedlings;
(6) water leveling
Leveling water by adopting a paddy field harrow belt planker, moving high and padding to reach water without exposing mud, keeping a shallow water layer after leveling, preventing running slurry from falling dry and preventing surface soil from sinking and compacting;
(7) seed pretreatment
Selecting full and mature rice seeds by adopting a saline water seed selection method, and removing blighted grains, grass seeds and other impurities; then soaking and disinfecting the selected rice seeds by adopting soaking agent and water; accelerating germination of the disinfected rice seeds by adopting a mode of 'breaking breast at high temperature, accelerating germination at a proper temperature and hardening germination at room temperature';
(8) broadcast sowing
Controlling the field water depth to be 8-10cm, and adopting an automatic fertilizer distributor to replace manpower for spreading, wherein the spreading radius is 5-6 meters and the seed is 10-15 kg/mu per mu;
(9) post management
After the rice seedlings are aligned, conventional water and fertilizer management is carried out according to the growth period, and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and weeds are emphasized.
On the basis of the scheme, the soil directional conditioner in the step 3) consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 35-40% of phosphogypsum, 10-15% of weathered coal, 20-25% of humic acid, 10-15% of biogas residue, 10-15% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate.
Preferably, the soil oriented conditioner in the step 3) consists of the following components in percentage by weight:
40% of phosphogypsum, 10% of weathered coal, 25% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 10% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
the soil directional conditioner has the advantages that the growth characteristics of the saline-alkali tolerant rice and the characteristics of the saline-alkali soil are considered, the composition of the components is simple, the components interact with each other, the emergence rate of the saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil can be improved, and the emergence time is shortened; the effect of strengthening seedlings can be achieved; when the soil directional conditioner is used for planting saline-alkali resistant rice, the rice grows well, has luxuriant branches and leaves, can be more suitable for growth in saline-alkali soil, and the rice yield is obviously improved.
In addition, the rice planting method adopts a broadcast sowing mode and combines the use of a soil directional conditioner, so that the saline-alkali tolerant rice planting in a large area of saline-alkali soil can be realized, and the labor input of rice planting is reduced; and the effects of improving saline-alkali soil and increasing the yield of rice in the saline-alkali soil can be achieved.
Detailed Description
Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1 saline-alkali tolerant rice is planted in saline-alkali soil with Xinjiang salt content of 4.1 per mill and pH of 8.1
(1) Soil directional conditioner with different proportions
Proportioning one: 35% of phosphogypsum, 15% of weathered coal, 25% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 10% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate;
proportioning two: 40% of phosphogypsum, 10% of weathered coal, 25% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 10% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate;
proportioning three: 40% of phosphogypsum, 15% of weathered coal, 20% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 10% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate;
proportioning four: 40% of phosphogypsum, 10% of weathered coal, 20% of humic acid, 15% of biogas residue, 10% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate;
proportioning five: 40% of phosphogypsum, 10% of weathered coal, 20% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 15% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate.
(2) The concrete operation steps
Spraying acetochlor as a herbicide in a windless state in sunny days 18 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the spraying amount of the acetochlor per mu is 70mL (the herbicide is 90% of acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate, the specification is 900g/L), and the herbicide is uniformly sprayed; fine leveling work of a single land block is well done, the control of a water layer of rice is guaranteed, and the height difference is +/-3 cm; dividing 5 planting fields 1 day before rotary tillage and soil preparation, and respectively applying 5 soil directional conditioners with different proportions, wherein the dosage per mu is 50 kg; after the soil directional conditioner is applied, 120kg of finished organic fertilizer and 40kg of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are applied to each mu of land; after fertilization, ploughing to a depth of 20-25cm, preventing occurrence of dead furrows, loosening soil and increasing air permeability; the fertilizer and the soil directional conditioner are mixed with the soil, so that the fertilizer is prevented from being exposed in the air to cause pulverization and loss; after the rotary tillage is finished, establishing a water layer of 15cm, and soaking for 3-5 days according to soil conditions to saturate soil water and facilitate pulping; the surface layer of the land is more than 10cm in slurry shape, which is beneficial to standing the seedlings; when leveling water, it is preferable to use paddy field harrow with planker, move up and lower the mat to water-tight without exposing mud, keep shallow water layer of field after leveling, prevent running slurry from drying, and make the surface soil compact, and use fingers to cut the ditch one by one, and can be closed slowly, so that it is the most suitable state. Selecting rice seeds by adopting a simple and feasible salt water seed selection method, namely preparing a salt water solution with the specific gravity of 1.10-1.13 of salt and clear water; pouring the rice seeds to be selected into the saline solution with the specific gravity; fully mixing the seeds with saline water by stirring, standing and removing blighted grains, grass seeds and other impurities floating on the water surface; taking out the seeds deposited on the lower layer of the saline solution, and washing the seeds by clear water. The selected rice seeds are disinfected by using seed soaking agent; adding 10kg of water into 2mL of seed soaking agent, uniformly stirring and mixing, pouring 6-8kg of rice seeds into the seed soaking agent, completely soaking the seeds into the seed soaking agent solution, and stirring up and down once every 6 hours; soaking for 120h under the shading condition; after the seed soaking is finished, the seeds are washed by clear water and soaked in the clear water for about half an hour so as to prevent the pesticide damage of the seed soaking agent to the seeds. Accelerating germination of the disinfected rice seeds by adopting a mode of 'breaking breast at high temperature, accelerating germination at a proper temperature and hardening germination at room temperature'; wherein, chest is broken at high temperature: soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 3-5 min after absorbing enough water, then putting the seeds into a cellar, keeping the temperature at 38-40 ℃, and breaking the chest of the rice seeds at the high temperature of 38 ℃; and (3) germination accelerating at a proper temperature: after the chest of the rice seeds is broken, turning and sprinkling water for cooling, wherein the sprinkling water temperature is not too low and is gradually cooled to about 25 ℃, then spreading the seed pile to thin, keeping the seed temperature at 25-30 ℃ for germination, and keeping the seed pile moist and supplying oxygen; bud smelting at room temperature: when the bud reaches the standard, the bud is smelted at room temperature in order to enhance the capability of adapting to the seedling bed environment. The spreading is to control the field water depth to be 8-10cm, and the automatic fertilizer spreader is adopted to replace the manual work for spreading, the spreading radius is 5 meters and the seeds are 12 kg/mu per mu; and (5) after sowing, waiting for budding, and performing seedling supplement at the later stage. After the rice seedlings are aligned, conventional water and fertilizer management is carried out according to the growth period, and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and weeds are emphasized.
The test results of different ratios are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 test record table
| Group of | Time to bud (Tian) | Rate of emergence (%) | Yield (kg/mu) |
| Proportioning one | 4 | 87.4 | 321.7 |
| Proportioning two | 3 | 89.2 | 352.8 |
| Proportioning three | 4 | 84.5 | 317.1 |
| Ratio of four | 5 | 83.9 | 309.8 |
| Proportioning five | 4 | 86.1 | 322.7 |
The comparison of the soil directional conditioners with different proportions shows that the proportion II is shorter in seedling emergence time and is beneficial to seedling emergence; the emergence rate is higher, and the rice yield is also highest, so the formula of the two soil directional conditioners is the optimal formula.
Example 2 planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in saline-alkali soil with Xinjiang salt content of 4.8 per mill and pH of 8.2
(1) Soil directional conditioner with different proportions
Proportioning one: 35% of phosphogypsum, 15% of weathered coal, 25% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 10% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate;
proportioning two: 40% of phosphogypsum, 10% of weathered coal, 25% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 10% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate;
proportioning three: 40% of phosphogypsum, 15% of weathered coal, 20% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 10% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate;
proportioning four: 40% of phosphogypsum, 10% of weathered coal, 20% of humic acid, 15% of biogas residue, 10% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate;
proportioning five: 40% of phosphogypsum, 10% of weathered coal, 20% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 15% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate.
(2) The concrete operation steps
Spraying acetochlor herbicide 20 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the spraying amount of acetochlor per mu is 80mL (the herbicide is 90% of acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate with the specification of 900g/L) in windless days, and the herbicide is uniformly sprayed; fine leveling work of a single land block is well done, the control of a water layer of rice is guaranteed, and the height difference is +/-3 cm; dividing 5 planting fields 1 day before rotary tillage and soil preparation, and respectively applying 5 soil directional conditioners with different proportions, wherein the dosage per mu is 60 kg; after the soil directional conditioner is applied, 130kg of finished organic fertilizer and 45kg of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are applied to each mu of land; after fertilization, ploughing to a depth of 20-25cm, preventing occurrence of dead furrows, loosening soil and increasing air permeability; the fertilizer and the soil conditioner are mixed with the soil to prevent the fertilizer from being exposed in the air to cause pulverization and loss; after the rotary tillage is finished, establishing a water layer of 15cm, and soaking for 3-5 days according to soil conditions to saturate soil water and facilitate pulping; the surface layer of the land is more than 10cm in slurry shape, which is beneficial to standing the seedlings; when leveling water, it is preferable to use paddy field harrow with planker, move up and lower the mat to water-tight without exposing mud, keep shallow water layer of field after leveling, prevent running slurry from drying, and make the surface soil solid, and cut the ditch with fingers one by one, and can be closed slowly, so that it is the most suitable state. Selecting rice seeds by adopting a simple and feasible salt water seed selection method, namely preparing a salt water solution with the specific gravity of 1.10-1.13 of salt and clear water; pouring the rice seeds to be selected into the saline solution with the specific gravity; fully mixing the seeds with saline water by stirring, standing and removing blighted grains, grass seeds and other impurities floating on the water surface; taking out the seeds deposited on the lower layer of the saline solution, and washing the seeds by clear water. The selected rice seeds are disinfected by using seed soaking agent; adding 10kg of water into 2mL of seed soaking agent, uniformly stirring and mixing, pouring 6-8kg of rice seeds into the seed soaking agent, completely soaking the seeds into the seed soaking agent solution, and stirring up and down once every 6 hours; soaking for 120h under the shading condition; after the seed soaking is finished, the seeds are washed by clear water and soaked in the clear water for about half an hour so as to prevent the pesticide damage of the seed soaking agent to the seeds. Accelerating germination of the disinfected rice seeds by adopting a mode of 'breaking breast at high temperature, accelerating germination at a proper temperature and hardening germination at room temperature'; wherein, chest is broken at high temperature: soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 3-5 min after absorbing enough water, then putting the seeds into a cellar, keeping the temperature at 38-40 ℃, and breaking the chest of the rice seeds at the high temperature of 38 ℃; and (3) germination accelerating at a proper temperature: after the chest of the rice seeds is broken, turning and sprinkling water for cooling, wherein the sprinkling water temperature is not too low and is gradually cooled to about 25 ℃, then spreading the seed pile to thin, keeping the seed temperature at 25-30 ℃ for germination, and keeping the seed pile moist and supplying oxygen; bud smelting at room temperature: when the bud reaches the standard, the bud is smelted at room temperature in order to enhance the capability of adapting to the seedling bed environment. The sowing is to control the field water depth to be 8-10cm, and the automatic fertilizer distributor is adopted to replace the manual work for sowing, wherein the sowing is carried out per mu with the sowing radius of 5 meters and 13 kg/mu; and (5) after sowing, waiting for budding, and performing seedling supplement at the later stage. After the rice seedlings are aligned, water and fertilizer management is carried out according to the growth period, and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and weeds are emphasized.
The results of the different ratios are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 test record table
The comparison of the soil directional conditioners with different proportions shows that the proportion II is shorter in seedling emergence time and is beneficial to seedling emergence; the emergence rate is higher, and the rice yield is also highest, so the formula of the soil conditioner prepared according to the second formula is the optimal formula.
The test results show that the application of the soil directional conditioner can obviously shorten the time of emergence of the saline-alkali tolerant rice, improve the emergence rate of the saline-alkali tolerant rice, enable the saline-alkali tolerant rice to adapt to the saline-alkali environment and finally obtain higher yield.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a few embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but rather, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in saline-alkali soil by broadcast sowing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weeding before ploughing
Spraying acetochlor serving as a herbicide in a windless sunny day 15-20 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, and uniformly spraying;
(2) leveling of drought
Finely leveling the land parcel with a height difference of +/-3 cm, and ensuring the water layer control of the rice;
(3) applying soil directional conditioner and base fertilizer
1 day before rotary tillage and soil preparation, spreading a soil directional conditioner, wherein the dosage per mu is 50-60 kg; after the soil directional conditioner is applied, 100-150kg of finished organic fertilizer and 40-50kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of land;
(4) rotary tillage soil preparation
After applying the soil conditioning directional conditioner and the base fertilizer, ploughing the soil conditioning directional conditioner and the base fertilizer to a depth of 20-25 cm; mixing a fertilizer and a soil directional conditioner with soil;
(5) soaking and pulping
After ploughing, establishing a 15-20cm water layer, soaking for 3-5 days to saturate soil water and facilitate pulping; the surface layer of the land is more than 10cm in slurry shape, which is beneficial to standing the seedlings;
(6) water leveling
Leveling water by adopting a paddy field harrow belt planker, moving high and padding to reach water without exposing mud, keeping a shallow water layer after leveling, preventing running slurry from falling dry and preventing surface soil from sinking and compacting;
(7) seed pretreatment
Selecting full and mature rice seeds by adopting a saline water seed selection method, and removing blighted grains, grass seeds and other impurities; then soaking and disinfecting the selected rice seeds by adopting soaking agent and water; accelerating germination of the disinfected rice seeds by adopting a mode of 'breaking breast at high temperature, accelerating germination at a proper temperature and hardening germination at room temperature';
(8) broadcast sowing
Controlling the field water depth to be 8-10cm, and adopting an automatic fertilizer distributor to replace manpower for spreading, wherein the spreading radius is 5-6 meters and the seed is 10-15 kg/mu per mu;
(9) post management
After the rice seedlings are aligned, conventional water and fertilizer management is carried out according to the growth period, and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and weeds are emphasized.
2. The method for broadcasting and planting the saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the soil directional conditioner in the step 3) comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
35-40% of phosphogypsum, 10-15% of weathered coal, 20-25% of humic acid, 10-15% of biogas residue, 10-15% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate.
3. The method for broadcasting and planting the saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein the soil directional conditioner in the step 3) comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
40% of phosphogypsum, 10% of weathered coal, 25% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 10% of woody peat and 5% of potassium sulfate.
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| CN113207908A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-06 | 广东海洋大学 | Preparation and application method of saline-alkali-resistant rice seed initiator |
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| CN113261404A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-17 | 清华大学 | Method for accurately improving saline-alkali soil paddy field by applying gypsum |
| CN113207908A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-06 | 广东海洋大学 | Preparation and application method of saline-alkali-resistant rice seed initiator |
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