CN102138418A - Cotton cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cotton cultivation method, which plants cotton in soil or light soil, and comprises: (1) preparation before sowing, which comprises land preparation and full-layer fertilizer application, wherein land preparation is to make the land flat, fine and free from weeds by rebuilding head and sides of a land which unfreezes in early spring, performing chemical weeding on the land by using a herbicide, and harrowing in time, and the full-layer fertilizer application is to apply urea and diammonium phosphate before turning up the soil; (2) sowing, namely sowing when the temperature of the soil 5 centimeters under a film is constantly above 12 DEG C and planting a maize trapping and killing zones after the cotton seed are sown, wherein mechanical hole sowing is adopted, 3 to 4 seeds are sown in on hole, and the sowing depth is 1.5 to 2 centimeters; and (3) field management which comprises breaking hardened soil, intertillage, final singling, chemical control, dripping water, topdressing, removing tip, and preventing and controlling pests. When the method of the invention is used, the lint cotton yield per mu is over 200 kilograms.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method, particularly relate to a kind of cotton culture method.
Background technology
Xinjiang is one of main cotton producing region of China, and the Cotton Production under condition of market economy must be carried out high yield, high-quality, low consumption, to improve the market competitiveness.Now according to the local Cotton Production level in Xinjiang cotton market development form and Xinjiang (little family of peasant household plantation at present, block area is little, family's landed property area is few, the middle-and-low-yielding fields area is bigger, damage by disease and insect is more serious, output is lower), how to improve output of cotton, develop a kind of that be suitable for promoting, to improve land utilization rate, increase unit are output cotton culture method be one of those skilled in the art's technical issues that need to address.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of that be suitable for promoting, can improve land utilization rate, increase unit are output cotton culture method
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of cotton culture method, and cotton planting is in loam and light loam;
Throwing fertile total amount in the described method is: the standard manuring amount of every mu of input is 150kg, and its nitrogen phosphorus proportion is 1: 0.4; Wherein, the standard manuring amount of every mu of input is 90kg when preparing before following broadcasting, and the standard manuring amount of every mu of input is 60kg when following topdressing;
Described method comprises:
(1) broadcasts preceding preparation: prepare to comprise soil preparation and whole layer placement of fertilizer before broadcasting; It is the trimming edge of a field, the back rand that thaws in early spring that described soil is prepared, and uses weed killer herbicide that the soil is carried out chemical weed control, in time rakes the soil level after the chemical weed control, so that land readjustment, in small, broken bits, no weeds; Described whole layer placement of fertilizer is meant and imposes urea and phosphoric acid diamines before ploughing;
(2) sowing: when 5cm ground temperature under the film is stablized by 12 ℃, can sow; Adopt mechanical program request, every cave 3-4 grain, seed level 1.5-2cm; Maize planting trapping band behind the sowing cotton seed;
(3) field management: field management comprises abolishing hardens, intertillage, final singling, chemical regulation, drips, topdresses, pinches and pest control;
Wherein: after planting promptly begin intertillage; When growing a slice true leaf, cotton finishes final singling; Irrigate total amount 340～360m for every mu
3, wherein every mu of breeding time the total amount of dripping 260-280m
3
(4) results.
Further, 20 kilograms in every mu of deep placement urea, 25 kilograms of phosphoric acid diamines during described whole layer placement of fertilizer.
Further, described corn trapping band is planted in the both sides, cotton field, and plantation is the early ripening maize kind.
Further, require a cave one strain during described final singling, do not stay two strains.
Further, the plant growth regulator that described chemical regulation uses is a mepiquat chloride, and described chemical regulation comprises the 1st time, the 2nd time, the 3rd time, the 4th chemical regulation; Wherein, the 1st chemical regulation grows 4 leaves wholeheartedly the time in cotton, uses mepiquat chloride 0.5-1.0g for every mu; The 2nd chemical regulation grows 6 leaves wholeheartedly the time in cotton, uses mepiquat chloride 1.0-1.5g for every mu; The 3rd chemical regulation grows 8 leaves wholeheartedly the time in cotton, uses mepiquat chloride 2.0-3.0g for every mu; The 4th chemical regulation carries out 8-10 days the time in the cotton back of pinching, and every mu restrains with mepiquat chloride 6-8.
Further, described dripping when vegetative period need be dripped 10-11 time, drips 1 time in per 10 days.
Further, described topdressing comprises in conjunction with described chemical regulation 2 boron fertilizers of foliage-spray and 2 zinc fertilizers at least.
Further, the capable strain to cotton in the described method is configured to: the conventional cotton 1.25m film that adopts, and a film is sowing four lines cotton down, and line space is respectively 20cm, 50cm and 20cm, and the handing-over line width between film and the film is 60cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, a film one pipe, a pipe four lines.
Further, the capable strain to cotton in the described method is configured to: hybrid cotton is adopted the 1.25m film, and a film is sowing four lines cotton down, line space is respectively 20cm, 50cm and 20cm, and the handing-over line width between film and the film is 60cm, spacing in the rows 12.5cm, one film, one pipe, a pipe four lines.
By the method described in the present invention, when the conventional cotton of plantation, 1.2-1.5 ten thousand strains are counted in the strain of mu results, and individual plant is effectively tied bell and counted 8-9, and the heavy 5.2-5.5 of single bell restrains, ginning outturn 40-42%, flower rate 〉=90% before the frost; When the plantation hybrid cotton, 1.0-1.2 ten thousand strains are counted in the strain of mu results, and individual plant is effectively tied bell and counted 9-10, the heavy 5.5-6.0 gram of single bell, ginning outturn 42-43%, flower rate 〉=90% before the frost.Can gather in the crops gined cotton more than 200 kilograms for every mu.
Embodiment
Below technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated.
Cotton culture method among the present invention is suitable for conventional cotton and hybrid cotton.Conventional cotton cotton variety is No. 40, middle cotton institute, No. 43, middle cotton institute, No. 49, middle cotton institute; The hybrid cotton cotton variety is in the new land No. 31, million rich No. 1.Wherein, the condition that soil is proposed is: the soil texture is suitable with loam and light loam.Soil organic matter content 〉=1%, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 〉=50mg.kg
-1, soil quick-effective phosphor content 20-30mg.kg
-1, soil quick-acting potassium content 〉=120mg.kg
-1, the total salt amount of soil≤0.2%.Especially, described conventional cotton is meant non-hybrid cotton.
Capable strain configuration in this method is as follows: (1) is conventional cotton: the conventional cotton wide mulch film of 1.25m that adopts, a described mulch film is sowed the four lines cotton down, line space is respectively 20cm, 50cm and 20cm, handing-over line width between adjacent two width of cloth mulch films is 60cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, also be equipped with a dropper band under the described mulch film, the four lines cotton that a described dropper brings under this described mulch film is supplied water; (2) hybrid cotton: hybrid cotton is adopted the wide mulch film of 1.25m, a described mulch film is sowed the four lines cotton down, line space is respectively 20cm, 50cm and 20cm, handing-over line width between adjacent two width of cloth mulch films is 60cm, spacing in the rows 12.5cm, also be equipped with a dropper band under the described mulch film, the four lines cotton that a described dropper brings under this described mulch film is supplied water.
The standard manuring amount that the fertile total amount of the throwing of described cotton culture method is every mu of input is a 150kg/ mu, its nitrogen phosphorus proportion 1: 0.4; Wherein, the standard manuring amount of every mu of input is 90kg during whole layer placement of fertilizer before the following sowing cotton seed, and the standard manuring amount that imposes when topdressing in following breeding time is every mu of 60kg.Wherein, described standard manuring amount is meant: 1 kilogram of urea is converted to 2 kilograms of standard manuring amounts, and 1 kilogram of diammonium phosphate is converted to 2 kilograms of standard manuring amounts, is that 50 kilograms, diammonium phosphate total amount are 25 kilograms because cotton is used the urea total amount, therefore, being converted to standard manuring amount is exactly 150 kilograms.Especially, the urea total amount is that 50 kilograms, diammonium phosphate total amount are that 20 kilograms of urea in 25 kilograms and 25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate are thrown in when being prior to seeding whole layer placement of fertilizer, and remaining 30 kilograms of urea carry out gradation at cotton growing stage and drip and execute in conjunction with dripping.
Described cotton culture method comprises:
1. broadcast preceding preparation
(1) soil is prepared: pick up residual film, straw, weeds in the pure land after thawing early spring, trimming edge of a field rand; Use weed killer herbicide that the soil is carried out chemical weed control, (Pendimethalin, pendimethalin) 170-200ml convert water 30-45 kilogram to the field benefit of executing of every mu of use 33%, evenly spray and carry out chemical weed control; In time rake the soil level after the chemical weed control, so that land readjustment, in small, broken bits, no weeds, rake is 3.5-4cm deeply.
(2) seed is prepared
Preferably, use the cotton seed of purity 〉=97%, described cotton seed is selected through the persulfuric acid lint.Cotton seed cleanliness 〉=95% after selected; Germination rate of cotton seed after the processing 〉=85%, moisture content≤12%, seed-breaking rate≤5%.
Preferably, the percentage of seedgermination in precision drilling cotton field 〉=92%, seed seed-breaking rate≤3%.
(3) whole layer placement of fertilizer
Impose urea and phosphoric acid diamines before ploughing, 20 kilograms in every mu of deep placement urea, 25 kilograms of phosphoric acid diamines.For guaranteeing the fertilising quality, must cannot not accomplish heavyly not leak.Plough degree of depth 25-30cm.Need land readjustment after plowing.
2. sowing
(1) begins sowing in good time
When stablizing by 12 ℃, 5cm ground temperature under the film can sow.Suitable sowing date is on April-15 on the 5th, strives finishing before April 20 sowing.
(2) amount of broadcasting and seed level
Adopt the wide film of 1.25m, a film 4 row, mechanical program request, every cave 3-4 grain (every cave is 1 during precision drilling), seed level 1.5-2cm plants row face thickness of earth covering 0.5-1.0cm.
Require during sowing to broadcast that the row end is straight, the depth is consistent, seeding down is even, line-spacing is consistent, face is open and flat, press mold is tight, connect row accurately, earthing is good; Simultaneously, require dislocation rate＜3%, hole rate＜3%.
(3) maize planting trapping band
Behind the sowing cotton seed in time in both sides, cotton field dibbling early ripening maize kind, every 50cm dibbling 1 cave.
3. field management
(1) abolishes and harden: in time abolish after rainy and harden, be beneficial to cotton seedling and be unearthed.
(2) intertillage early: after planting promptly begin intertillage, do not draw when requiring intertillage ditch, not membrane, do not bury seedling, land smoothing, ravel, suppress tight.Intertillage degree of depth 12-14cm, tilling width is not less than 22cm.
(3) final singling early: the intact surely seedling of a slice true leaf, require a cave one strain, do not stay two strains.
(4) use plant growth regulator to carry out repeatedly chemical regulation.Described plant growth regulator is mepiquat chloride (Mepiquat chloride, a 1-dimethyl piperidyl chloride).
The 1st chemical regulation:, use mepiquat chloride 0.5-1.0g for every mu when cotton grows 4 leaves wholeheartedly the time;
The 2nd chemical regulation:, use mepiquat chloride 1.0-1.5g for every mu when cotton grows 6 leaves wholeheartedly the time;
The 3rd chemical regulation:, use mepiquat chloride 2.0-3.0g for every mu when cotton grows 8 leaves wholeheartedly the time;
The 4th chemical regulation: carry out (accent when treating top fruit branch elongation 2-3cm) 8-10 days the time in the cotton back of pinching, every mu restrains with mepiquat chloride 6-8.
(5) drip and topdress
Drip: mu is irrigated total amount 340～360m
3, wherein: mu irrigation quantity 80-100m is irrigated in water storage before surviving the winter
3, breeding time mu irrigation quantity 260～280m
3Drip 10-11 vegetative period, dripped 1 time in normal 10 days when needing the water peak 7-8 days for 1 time.
Topdress: drip potassium dihydrogen phosphate (N, the P that executes 30 kilograms in urea, 60% content for every mu with water
2O
5, K
2O content is respectively 6%, 12%, 42%) 12 kilograms.The zinc supplementation of trace element emphasis, boron.
A concrete amount of dripping and a fertile amount are as follows:
June: drip 2 times, drip about June 10 for the first time, drip amount 35m
3/ mu; Drip about June 20 for the 2nd time, drip amount 25m
3/ mu, and drip and to execute 5 kilograms in urea.
At the beginning of 7 months at the beginning of-8 months: drip each amount 20-25m that drips 4-5 time
3/ mu drips altogether and executes urea 20kg/ mu, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12kg/ mu of 60% content.
5-September 5 August: drip each amount 20m that drips 3-4 time
3/ mu drips altogether and executes urea 5kg/ mu.
Carry out leaf-surface sprayed boric fertilizer 2 times in conjunction with described chemical regulation, preferably, described boron fertilizer is the rich boron of standing grain.Preferably, the rich boron of described boron fertilizer, particularly standing grain is the 30-40 gram containing flower bud phase consumption, and the consumption of flowering and boll-setting period is 50 grams; Further, preferably, carry out the foliage-spray zinc fertilizer 2 times in conjunction with described chemical regulation, preferably, described zinc fertilizer is the rich zinc of standing grain.Preferably, the rich zinc of described zinc fertilizer, particularly standing grain respectively sprays 1 time at 3 leaf periods and Sheng Lei phase, each 10ml.Described boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer all be a kind of be the nutrition type fertilizer of main component with boron element, zinc element, in the cotton growth middle and later periods by foliage-spray to satisfy the needs of cotton to mineral nutrient element.
(6) pinch: adhere to " branch arrives when not waiting ", optimum period, early pinch.Began to pinch July 5, finished before July 10.
(7) pest control: aphid, tetranychid, cotton bollworm harm easily take place in the flowering and boll-setting period cotton field, carry out insect survey, adhere to put prevention first integrated control.
4. gather in the crops
(1) cotton picking
Early September begins to gather.Accomplish that branch picks up, divides solarization, divides and roll.
(2) pick up residual film
Cotton is picked up residual to the greatest extent film before receiving only afterwards, plowing.
(3) reclaim the irrigate band
Artificial or use drip irrigation pipe recovering machine, recovery irrigate band.
By the method described in the present invention, when the conventional cotton of plantation, 1.2-1.5 ten thousand strains are counted in the strain of mu results, and individual plant is effectively tied bell and counted 8-9, and the heavy 5.2-5.5 of single bell restrains, ginning outturn 40-42%, flower rate 〉=90% before the frost; When the plantation hybrid cotton, 1.0-1.2 ten thousand strains are counted in the strain of mu results, and individual plant is effectively tied bell and counted 9-10, the heavy 5.5-6.0 gram of single bell, ginning outturn 42-43%, flower rate 〉=90% before the frost.Can gather in the crops gined cotton more than 200 kilograms for every mu.
Claims (9)
1. cotton culture method, cotton planting is in loam and light loam;
Throwing fertile total amount in the described method is: the standard manuring amount of every mu of input is 150kg, and its nitrogen phosphorus proportion is 1: 0.4; Wherein, the standard manuring amount of every mu of input is 90kg when preparing before following broadcasting, and the standard manuring amount of every mu of input is 60kg when following topdressing;
Described method comprises:
(1) broadcasts preceding preparation: prepare to comprise soil preparation and whole layer placement of fertilizer before broadcasting; It is the trimming edge of a field, the back rand that thaws in early spring that described soil is prepared, and uses weed killer herbicide that the soil is carried out chemical weed control, in time rakes the soil level after the chemical weed control, so that land readjustment, in small, broken bits, no weeds; Described whole layer placement of fertilizer is meant and imposes urea and phosphoric acid diamines before ploughing;
(2) sowing: when 5cm ground temperature under the film is stablized by 12 ℃, can sow; Adopt mechanical program request, every cave 3-4 grain, seed level 1.5-2cm; Maize planting trapping band behind the sowing cotton seed;
(3) field management: field management comprises abolishing hardens, intertillage, final singling, chemical regulation, drips, topdresses, pinches and pest control;
Wherein: after planting promptly begin intertillage; When growing a slice true leaf, cotton finishes final singling; Irrigate total amount 340～360m for every mu
3, wherein every mu of breeding time the total amount of dripping 260-280m
3
(4) results.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: 20 kilograms in every mu of deep placement urea, 25 kilograms of phosphoric acid diamines during described whole layer placement of fertilizer.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described corn trapping band is planted in the both sides, cotton field, and plantation is the early ripening maize kind.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: require a cave one strain during described final singling, do not stay two strains.
5. as each described method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: the plant growth regulator that described chemical regulation uses is a mepiquat chloride, and described chemical regulation comprises the 1st time, the 2nd time, the 3rd time, the 4th chemical regulation; Wherein, the 1st chemical regulation grows 4 leaves wholeheartedly the time in cotton, uses mepiquat chloride 0.5-1.0g for every mu; The 2nd chemical regulation grows 6 leaves wholeheartedly the time in cotton, uses mepiquat chloride 1.0-1.5g for every mu; The 3rd chemical regulation grows 8 leaves wholeheartedly the time in cotton, uses mepiquat chloride 2.0-3.0g for every mu; The 4th chemical regulation carries out 8-10 days the time in the cotton back of pinching, and every mu restrains with mepiquat chloride 6-8.
6. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described dripping when vegetative period, need drip 10-11 time, and dripped 1 time in per 10 days.
7. as claim 5 or 6 described methods, it is characterized in that: described topdressing comprises in conjunction with described chemical regulation 2 boron fertilizers of foliage-spray and 2 zinc fertilizers at least.
8. as each described method of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: the capable strain to cotton in the described method is configured to: the conventional cotton 1.25m film that adopts, one film is sowing four lines cotton down, line space is respectively 20cm, 50cm and 20cm, handing-over line width between film and the film is 60cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, a film one pipe, a pipe four lines.
9. as each described method of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: the capable strain to cotton in the described method is configured to: hybrid cotton is adopted the 1.25m film, one film is sowing four lines cotton down, line space is respectively 20cm, 50cm and 20cm, handing-over line width between film and the film is 60cm, spacing in the rows 12.5cm, a film one pipe, a pipe four lines.
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| CN 201110008715 CN102138418A (en) | 2011-01-17 | 2011-01-17 | Cotton cultivation method |
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| CN102487693A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | 新疆农垦科学院 | High-yield cultivation method for planting precocious upland cotton variety in precocious cotton area |
| CN102577791A (en) * | 2012-02-04 | 2012-07-18 | 李长文 | Method for planting cotton by promoting underground part and controlling overground part of cotton to realize high yield of cotton |
| CN103004449A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-03 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Cultivation and management method of organic cotton |
| CN103988708A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-08-20 | 华中农业大学 | Cotton no-tillage summer direct seeding cultivation method |
| CN104012285A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-03 | 华中农业大学 | Method for cultivating cotton with five 'six' targets |
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| CN103004449A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-03 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Cultivation and management method of organic cotton |
| CN104067869A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-10-01 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Novel chemical cotton topping method for use in shine early cotton region |
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| CN106961962A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 合肥云都棉花有限公司 | One implantation methods grown cotton |
| CN107027472A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-08-11 | 合肥云都棉花有限公司 | A kind of strong cotton cultivation method of resistance against diseases |
| CN107047035A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-18 | 石河子农业科学研究院 | The narrow covering thread slight irrigation cultural method of cotton in Xinjiang mulch film |
| CN108633676A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-10-12 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | The method that a kind of cotton one broadcasts full stand |
| CN111109034A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-08 | 湖北格林凯尔农业科技有限公司 | Cotton topping-free nutritional formula and application method thereof |
| CN111109034B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-01-18 | 湖北格林凯尔农业科技有限公司 | Cotton topping-free nutritional formula and application method thereof |
| CN112314377A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-02-05 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Cultivation method suitable for improving quality and increasing efficiency of mechanical cotton picking |
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