CN111066614A - Sowing method for cotton film-free direct-sowing one-time-sowing whole seedlings - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sowing method for ensuring that the rate of emergence of cotton is increased through cultivation measures to ensure that the cotton is sown in a whole seedling in a single sowing mode in a film-free direct sowing mode, which is called as a double-groove precision dibbling technology for short, the core technology of the sowing method is to dibble or uniformly sow after shallow grooves are formed on a compartment surface or a ridge surface (collectively called as a furrow surface), and meanwhile, the sowing method is covered with soil and pressed, and the sowing method is obviously characterized in that a shallow groove with the depth of about 3-5cm appears in a sowing row. The invention relates to a sowing method of cotton film-free direct-seeding one-time-sowing whole seedlings, which comprises the following steps: s1 variety selection and treatment, S2 planting mode, S3 sowing time, S4 sowing method and S5 chemical weeding. The sowing method provided by the invention has the advantages of wide application range, high degree of mechanization, no mulching film pollution, simplicity, convenience, feasibility, labor saving and high efficiency, not only solves the problem of direct sowing and full sowing of cotton, but also reduces the labor cost consumed by seedling transplanting or manual dibbling and the problem of environmental pollution caused by mulching films.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for sowing whole seedlings at one time when mulching films of cotton are removed and sowing is carried out.
Background
China is a world large country for cotton production, cotton is an important economic crop and a national strategic material in China, and the production of the cotton is an important component of the national economic system. Along with the development of economy and society, the great transfer of rural labor force and the increasingly outstanding ecological environment problem, cotton production faces the problem of "too much labor, the mulching film pollutes seriously", the reason for it is: (1) in order to reduce the labor for cotton planting, a precision-ploughing and fine-working cotton planting mode of double-film seedling raising and transplanting of a reserved-row nutrition pot behind wheat (oil) is changed into a machine-sowing and machine-sowing mode behind wheat (oil), the new planting mode faces the greatest risk of how to realize one-time whole seedling sowing under the condition of film-free direct sowing, the current film-free direct sowing adopts manual dibbling or drill sowing directly on a compartment surface, the sowing quantity is large, thinning and final singling are often needed, multiple reseeding is needed, the seed consumption is large, and the labor consumption is large; (2) in the northwest inland cotton area, cotton is always produced by mulching a mulching film, the mulching film has the effects of preserving soil moisture and increasing temperature in the production of cotton, the problem of one-time sowing of whole seedlings can be well solved, but with the increasing serious pollution problem of the mulching film, the mulching film is urgently required to be converted into non-film production. However, the direct sowing without the film faces many environmental stresses, such as drought and low temperature in the cotton regions in the northwest inland, waterlogging, drought and hardening in the Yangtze river basin, and the cotton seedling emergence is easily affected by the adverse factors, so that the one-time sowing of the whole seedlings becomes a key problem for realizing the direct sowing without the film in the cotton production. Therefore, the problem of film-free direct seeding and one-time sowing of the whole cotton seedlings is solved, the whole process of mechanical film-free production of the cotton can be better promoted, and the quality and the efficiency of the cotton production are improved and enhanced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a sowing method for direct sowing and full sowing of cotton seedlings without films.
The invention provides a sowing method for cotton film-free direct-seeding one-time-sowing whole seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
s1, variety selection and processing: selecting a conventional cotton variety suitable for a cotton area where the cotton is planted, and coating the conventional cotton variety by adopting a novel coating technology;
s2, planting mode: ridge culture or compartment culture, wherein the row spacing is 76cm-100cm, and the density is suitable for the cotton planting ecological area;
s3, sowing time: no-tillage or soil moisture robbing after rotary tillage, soil moisture observing sowing or irrigating after sowing within 5 months and 10 days to 6 months and 10 days;
s4, a sowing method: dibbling or uniformly sowing by adopting an artificial seeder or a simple dibbler, wherein each hole has 1-3 grains, the sowing depth is 3-5cm, and the covering depth is 2cm, and when the seeder is adopted, the seeder with the functions of ditching, covering soil and pressing is selected as the seeder;
s5, chemical weeding: after sowing, every 667m2Applying 150ml herbicide before spraying or inhaul cable to seal weeds, such as more weeds in field, and each 667m before sowing2100ml of pesticide-gramoxone or quizalofop-p-ethyl is sprayed.
Further, the seeder in S4 is a traction-type four-row no-tillage precision seeder.
Further, the selection of the sowing time in S3 further includes: sowing is carried out in 5 months with the average daily temperature exceeding 10 ℃ in the cotton area in the northwest inland, the sowing is carried out in a mode of sowing first and then irrigating, and soil moisture is observed or sowed in the middle and last ten days of 5 months to 6 months in the cotton area in the Yangtze river basin.
Further, the sowing method of S4 further includes the steps of: s41, if a seeder is used for precision dibbling or even seeding, 1-2 seeds per hole are appropriately used for increasing the seeding density, the operation process is completed once for ditch, furrow and furrow surface shallow ditch, and simultaneously, after dibbling, covering soil and pressing are carried out, namely the seeding depth is 3-5cm, and the covering soil depth is 2 cm;
s42, if manual or simple dibbler is adopted for dibbling, the number of seeds sowed in each hole is properly increased, 2-3 seeds are sowed in each hole, and the deep sowing and shallow covering are realized, namely the sowing depth is 3-5cm, and the covering depth is 2 cm.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a sowing method for film-free direct sowing of cotton and full-seedling sowing, which is a sowing method for performing precision dibbling or uniform sowing by digging a small ditch on a furrow surface during sowing on the basis of the prior cotton variety, ridge culture or compartment culture and cotton seed finish machining, wherein under the condition of film-free direct sowing, the furrow surface is dug to improve the drought and hardening resistance of cotton sowing in the emergence period, and the furrow or compartment ditch improves the waterlogging resistance of the cotton sowing in the emergence period, thereby providing suitable soil and moisture conditions for cotton direct sowing. The method has the advantages of wide application range, high mechanization degree, no mulching film pollution, simplicity, convenience, practicability, labor saving and high efficiency, not only solves the problem of direct sowing and one-time sowing of the whole cotton seedlings, but also reduces the labor cost consumed by seedling transplanting or manual dibbling and the problem of environmental pollution caused by the mulching film.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sowing schematic diagram of a sowing method of cotton film-free direct seeding one-time sowing whole seedlings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a sowing method for ensuring that the rate of emergence of cotton is increased through cultivation measures to ensure that the cotton is sown in a whole seedling in a single sowing mode in a film-free direct sowing mode, which is called as a double-groove precision dibbling technology for short, the core technology of the sowing method is to dibble or uniformly sow after shallow grooves are formed on a compartment surface or a ridge surface (collectively called as a furrow surface), and meanwhile, the sowing method is covered with soil and pressed, and the sowing method is obviously characterized in that a shallow groove with the depth of about 3-5cm appears in a sowing row. The requirements are as follows: (1) fine processing the novel coated fine seeds to ensure the germination rate of the seeds; (2) selecting a precision seeder with ditching, covering and pressing functions; (3) the planting mode is compartment culture or ridge culture. Under the condition of no-film direct seeding, shallow ditches are formed on the ridge surface, so that the drought and hardening resisting capability of the cotton in the seedling emergence period is improved, and the waterlogging resisting capability of the cotton in the seedling emergence period is improved by the furrow or the compartment ditch, so that a proper soil and moisture condition is provided for direct seeding of the cotton. The method has high degree of mechanization and simple and easy operation, not only solves the problem of direct seeding and one-time sowing of the whole cotton, but also reduces the labor cost consumed by seedling transplanting or manual dibbling and the problem of environmental pollution caused by mulching films.
The embodiment of the invention provides a sowing method for direct sowing and full sowing of cotton seedlings without films, which comprises the following steps:
s1, variety selection and processing: selecting a conventional cotton variety suitable for a cotton area where the cotton is planted, and coating the conventional cotton variety by adopting a novel coating technology; wherein, the conventional cotton variety is coated by adopting a novel coating technology, the self germination rate of the cotton is ensured, and the disease resistance and antibacterial capacity of the cotton at the seedling stage are improved; the coating agent is added with a certain proportion of lubricant, so that the friction force of a seed divider in the seeder on seeds can be reduced, the precision of uniform sowing and precision sowing is further ensured, the missed sowing and the multicast are avoided, and the seed consumption is saved.
S2, planting mode: ridge culture or compartment culture, wherein the row spacing is 76cm-100cm, and the density is suitable for the cotton planting ecological area;
s3, sowing time: no-tillage or soil moisture robbing after rotary tillage, soil moisture observing sowing or irrigating after sowing within 5 months and 10 days to 6 months and 10 days; wherein, for different ecological areas, the sowing time is different, the general principle is that the average daily temperature is preferably higher than 10 ℃, for example, the cotton area in the northwest inland is sowed in the middle and upper ten days of 5 months, the cotton area is an agricultural ecological area, the rainwater is less during sowing, and the seedling emergence can be realized by a dropper after sowing; in the cotton area of Yangtze river valley, wheat (oil) can be selected to be harvested and then sown in a full-width no-tillage mode immediately, the ecological area is rain-fed agriculture, rainwater is abundant in spring, soil moisture can be hoped or sown according to weather, and the sowing period is generally from 5 late ten days to 6 early ten days; when the seeder is adopted, the seeder with the functions of ditching, covering soil and pressing is selected as the seeder, under the condition of open field and no-film direct seeding, the requirement of the cotton on the water diversion and the temperature in the seedling emergence period is higher, and the cotton is easy to be stressed by adverse conditions such as low temperature, drought, waterlogging, hardening and the like, so that the whole seedling can not be sown at one time;
s4, a sowing method: dibbling or uniformly sowing by adopting an artificial seeder or a simple dibbler, wherein 1-3 seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5cm, and the covering depth is 2 cm; wherein, if a no-tillage precision seeder is adopted for dibbling or uniform seeding, 1-2 seeds are planted in each hole, the operation process is completed once for the compartment ditch, the furrow and the furrow surface shallow trench, and simultaneously, the dibbling and the covering and the pressing are carried out; the precision seeder is adopted, the seeding density can be properly improved for single-seed seeding, and the space-free final singling can be realized; if a manual or simple dibbler is adopted for dibbling, the seeding quantity can be changed into 2-3 seeds per hole according to the seeding density, and a deep-seeding shallow-covering is required during operation, namely the seeding depth is 3-5cm, and the covering depth is about 2 cm;
s5, chemical weeding: within 3 days after sowing, every 667m2Spraying herbicide before seeding for supplementing pendimethalin or inhaul cable 150ml, and sealing weeds, such as more weeds in field, each 667m before seeding2100ml of pesticide-gramoxone or quizalofop-p-ethyl is sprayed.
Example 1: (basic embodiment)
A method for sowing cotton by direct sowing without films and one-time sowing of whole seedlings comprises the following steps:
s1, variety selection and processing: selecting an greedy flour variety, and coating the greedy flour variety by adopting a novel coating technology, wherein the selected greedy flour variety is required to be high in yield, high in quality, disease-resistant, insect-resistant and high in purity; the seeds after the approval treatment and selection are required to be full, high in purity, strong in germination potential and high in germination rate;
s2, planting mode: ridge culture or compartment culture, wherein the row spacing is 76cm-100cm, and the density is suitable for the cotton planting ecological area;
s3, sowing time: no-tillage or soil moisture robbing after rotary tillage, soil moisture observing sowing or irrigating after sowing within 5 months and 10 days to 6 months and 10 days;
s4, a sowing method: selecting a traction type four-row no-tillage precision seeder (2BMZF-4Q), dibbling or uniformly sowing by adopting the traction type four-row no-tillage precision seeder, wherein 1-2 seeds are planted in each hole, the operation process is completed by one-time ditch, furrow and furrow surface shallow trenches, and meanwhile, covering soil and pressing are carried out after dibbling;
s5, chemical weeding: within 3 days after sowing, every 667m2Spraying herbicide before seeding for supplementing pendimethalin or inhaul cable 150ml, and sealing weeds, such as more weeds in field, each 667m before seeding2100ml of pesticide-gramoxone or quizalofop-p-ethyl is sprayed.
Example 2: (application example 1)
According to the basic steps of the embodiment 1, experiments of the method are carried out in the Wuhan city from 2017 to 2019, the soil at the test point is cohesive soil which is easily hardened after being sunned after rain and influences the seedling emergence, and a conventional cotton variety of a cotton variety Mianhua 116 is selected, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the compartment is made: the continuous cropping mode of the cotton field is that no previous crop is available, the cotton field straws are returned to the field, and furrows are dug according to the width of 152m after rotary tillage;
(2) variety selection: selecting medium-maturing, high-quality, high-yield and high-resistance cotton seed bloom 116;
(3) seed selection: the seeds for production are coated by adopting a novel coating technology, and the germination rate reaches more than 95 percent;
(4) selecting a seeder: selecting a perpetual-strength hand-push type seeder, ditching a carriage ditch by using a rotary cultivator, and carrying out carriage surface shallow trench by using a carriage surface intertillage weeding machine;
(5) sowing time: observing or sowing soil moisture for 5 months, 20 days to 5 months, 25 days, sowing 2 rows in each compartment, the row spacing is 76cm, and the rows are equal, every 667m2Sowing 5000 holes, wherein the seed amount of each hole is 2-3;
(6) the sowing method comprises the following steps: strictly completing the steps of double-ditch (compartment ditch + furrow surface ditch), dibbling, covering soil (deep sowing and shallow covering) and pressing;
(7) chemical weeding: within 3 days after sowing, every 667m2Spraying pre-seeding herbicide, applying field for supplementing 150ml, and sealing weeds, such as more weeds in field, each 667m before seeding2100ml of quizalofop-p-ethyl is sprayed.
Example 3: (application example 2)
2018-:
(1) compartment culture and ridge culture: continuous cotton field culture without previous crop, compartment culture and ridge culture. After rotary tillage, the width of a ridge culture ridge is 76cm, and the width of a compartment culture compartment is 152 cm;
(2) variety selection: selecting a medium-maturity and high-yield cotton variety CN 01;
(3) seed selection: the seeds are delinted by sulfuric acid and then selected by a seed selecting machine, and the germination rate reaches more than 90 percent;
(4) selecting a seeder: selecting a hand-push type seeder, ditching a compartment ditch by using a rotary cultivator, and carrying out compartment surface shallow trench by using a compartment surface intertillage weeding machine;
(5) sowing time: observing or sowing soil moisture for 5 months, 20 days to 5 months, 25 days, sowing 2 rows in each compartment, the row spacing is 76cm, and the rows are equal, one row is sowed in each ridge, and each 667m2Sowing 5000 holes, wherein the seed amount of each hole is 2-3;
(6) the sowing method comprises the following steps: strictly completing the steps of double-ditch (compartment ditch + furrow surface ditch), dibbling, covering soil (deep sowing and shallow covering) and pressing;
(7) chemical weeding: within 3 days after sowing, every 667m2Spraying pre-seeding herbicide, applying field for supplementing 150ml, and sealing weeds, such as more weeds in field, each 667m before seeding2100ml of quizalofop-p-ethyl is sprayed.
Example 4: (application example 3)
The sowing technology is demonstrated in 2018-2019 in China Hubei province, the large-alkyl farm of the state people and Jingmen city, the soil condition is sandy loam, and the specific test method is as follows:
(1) the compartment is made: wheat (oil) direct seeding mode, wherein the previous crop is wheat, and after rotary tillage, the width of a compartment is 152 cm;
(2) variety selection: selecting early-maturing, high-yield and high-quality cotton varieties ZS03 and Zhong619;
(3) seed selection: the seeds are delinted by sulfuric acid and then selected by a seed selecting machine, and the germination rate reaches more than 90 percent;
(4) selecting a seeder: the large-scale farm adopts a hand-push type seeder, the rotary cultivator is used for ditching the carriage ditch, and the carriage surface shallow trench is carried out by a carriage surface intertillage weeder; the Jingmen city test point is carried out by adopting a stubble rotary tillage precision seeder with ditching and pressing functions;
(5) sowing time: observing or sowing soil moisture for 5 months, 20 days to 5 months, 25 days, sowing 2 rows in each compartment, the row spacing is 76cm, and the rows are equal, one row is sowed in each ridge, and each 667m2Sowing 5000 holes, wherein the seed amount of each hole is 2-3;
(6) the sowing method comprises the following steps: strictly completing the steps of double-ditch (compartment ditch + furrow surface ditch), dibbling, covering soil (deep sowing and shallow covering) and pressing;
(7) chemical weeding: within 3 days after sowing, every 667m2Spraying pre-seeding herbicide, applying field for supplementing 150ml, and sealing weeds, such as more weeds in field, each 667m before seeding2100ml of quizalofop-p-ethyl is sprayed.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
Statistics and summary are carried out on the sowing emergence stage, the emergence rate, the seedling rate and the seedling quality of the method in each embodiment, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 comparison of emergence rates and emergence rates for different methods
| Seedling emergence period | Rate of emergence | Rate of seedling formation | |
| Double-ditch precision dibbling technology | 7d | 92.5％ | 91.2％ |
| Control | 9d | 80.3％ | 78.7％ |
TABLE 2 comparison of the seedling-stage traits of the different methods
Here, it should be noted that each index data of the double-furrow precise quantity seeding technology described in table 1 and table 2 represents the index data obtained by the method described in example 1, and the comparison is the average value of the seedling stage, the rate of emergence, and the rate of seedling obtained by the method described in examples 2 to 4. All examples were carried out without the use of a mulching film.
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the control group planting mode is flat-planting, the sowing method is manual dibbling and broadcasting or seeder dibbling, the emergence rate is an average value of multiple points over years, the standard of one-sowing comprehensive in the cotton planting process cannot be achieved, seedling preparation and seedling supplement are often adopted, the sowing amount of manual dibbling and broadcasting is not well controlled, seedling fixing is often required, much labor is consumed, and the seed usage amount is large. The ditch or the furrow is opened by adopting the method, and the furrow surface shallow ditch is added, so that the ditch or the furrow is deeper, the forced damage of waterlogging damage to seed germination is well prevented, the depth of seed sowing relative to the furrow surface is deepened by the furrow surface small ditch, the soil humidity of the seed is higher, the moisture required for germination is more sufficient, meanwhile, the furrow surface small ditch can delay soil hardening under the sunny or windy condition after rain, and the cotton seeds can emerge in sufficient time. Therefore, the method can not only accelerate the time from seed germination and emergence to cotyledon flattening (2 days earlier than the contrast), the emergence rate and the seedling rate exceed more than 90 percent, achieve the standard of one-time sowing of the whole seedlings, and do not need to perform thinning and reseeding between seedlings, thereby saving labor and seeds, but also easily and synchronously completing the agricultural measures of double-furrow opening, precision dibbling, soil covering and pressing, which relate to the method, by adopting a precision seeder, thereby improving the light simplification and mechanization level of cotton planting.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A sowing method of cotton film-free direct-seeding one-seeding whole seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, variety selection and processing: selecting a conventional cotton variety suitable for a cotton area where the cotton is planted, and coating the conventional cotton variety by adopting a novel coating technology;
s2, planting mode: ridge culture or compartment culture, wherein the row spacing is 76cm-100cm, and the density is suitable for the cotton planting ecological area;
s3, sowing time: no-tillage or soil moisture robbing after rotary tillage, soil moisture observing sowing or irrigating after sowing within 5 months and 10 days to 6 months and 10 days;
s4, a sowing method: dibbling or uniformly sowing by adopting an artificial seeder or a simple dibbler, wherein each hole has 1-3 grains, the sowing depth is 3-5cm, and the covering depth is 2cm, and when the seeder is adopted, the seeder with the functions of ditching, covering soil and pressing is selected as the seeder;
s5, chemical weeding: after sowing, every 667m2Applying 150ml herbicide before spraying or inhaul cable to seal weeds, such as more weeds in field, and each 667m before sowing2100ml of pesticide-gramoxone or quizalofop-p-ethyl is sprayed.
2. The sowing method of the cotton non-membrane direct seeding one-time sowing whole seedling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the seeder in S4 is a traction-type four-row no-tillage precision seeder.
3. The sowing method of the cotton non-membrane direct seeding one-time sowing whole seedling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the selection of the sowing time in S3 further includes: sowing is carried out in 5 months with the average daily temperature exceeding 10 ℃ in the cotton area in the northwest inland, the sowing is carried out in a mode of sowing first and then irrigating, and soil moisture is observed or sowed in the middle and last ten days of 5 months to 6 months in the cotton area in the Yangtze river basin.
4. The sowing method of the cotton non-membrane direct seeding one-time sowing whole seedling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the sowing method of the S4 further comprises the following steps: s41, if a seeder is used for precision dibbling or even seeding, 1-2 seeds per hole are appropriately used for increasing the seeding density, the operation process is completed once for ditch, furrow and furrow surface shallow ditch, and simultaneously, after dibbling, covering soil and pressing are carried out, namely the seeding depth is 3-5cm, and the covering soil depth is 2 cm;
s42, if manual or simple dibbler is adopted for dibbling, the number of seeds sowed in each hole is properly increased, 2-3 seeds are sowed in each hole, and the deep sowing and shallow covering are realized, namely the sowing depth is 3-5cm, and the covering depth is 2 cm.
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| CN111990195A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-27 | 荆门(中国农谷)农业科学研究院 | Method for directly sowing cotton seedlings by one time without film |
| CN113057082A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-07-02 | 石河子大学 | Green and efficient open field cotton cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20200428 |