CN102379231A - Precise dry-hole rice direct sowing method capable of synchronously realizing ditching, ridging, fertilization and film covering - Google Patents
Precise dry-hole rice direct sowing method capable of synchronously realizing ditching, ridging, fertilization and film covering Download PDFInfo
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- CN102379231A CN102379231A CN2011102435324A CN201110243532A CN102379231A CN 102379231 A CN102379231 A CN 102379231A CN 2011102435324 A CN2011102435324 A CN 2011102435324A CN 201110243532 A CN201110243532 A CN 201110243532A CN 102379231 A CN102379231 A CN 102379231A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a precise dry-hole rice direct sowing method capable of synchronously realizing ditching, ridging, fertilization and film covering, which comprises the following steps of: simultaneously opening two parallel water storage compartment ditches in a dry land which is flattened through rotary tillage, wherein a wide ridge which is higher than a water storage ditch is formed between the two water storage compartment ditches; synchronously opening a sowing ditch and a fertilizing ditch on the ridge, wherein the fertilizing ditch is arranged on one side of the sowing ditch; sowing sprouted rice seeds in the sowing ditch in a hole sowing way; applying fertilizers to the bottom of the fertilizing ditch and covering the fertilizers flat after the fertilizers are applied; and covering the ridge with a mulching film after sowing and covering the surrounding parts of the mulching film with soil. The sowing method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the development of rice root systems is facilitated and the problem that rice is apt to fall over because the root systems do not get into the soil deeply when direct-sown rice seeds are generally sown on the surface of the soil is solved; and the water, the fertilizers and the labor are saved, the germination rate and the seedling rate of the seeds are improved, the cold resisting ability of the seeds is improved through film covering after sowing, and the defects that the rice seedling root systems are shallowly distributed, the rice seedlings are apt to fall over, the seeds are apt to be damaged, the fertilizer utilization ratio is low, the cold resisting ability of the seeds after sowing is poor and the like when the existing dry direct sowing method is adopted are overcome.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the agricultural planting field, be specifically related to a kind of rice growing method, the rice precision amount drought cave live broadcasting method of particularly a kind of synchronous ditching ridging fertilizing shop film.
Background technology
China's arable area accounts for 9% of the whole world, but fertilizing amount accounts for more than 30% of global total amount, becomes the first in the world chemical fertilizer consumption big country, and chemical fertilizer has accounted for about 50% of the whole material used for agriculture expenses of Chinese farmers.Because fertilizing method is improper, the utilization rate of fertilizer of China is very low, and the average effective availability is less than 30%.
In Rice Production, paddy field fertilising still mainly relies on manual work or machinery to spread fertilizer over the fields in the face of land, exists unevenness of application, fertilizer to be prone on the face of land lose or evaporate into the medium problem of air with current, makes crop in the unbalanced and influence growth of fertilizer in vegetative period.The increase of fertilizer amount has brought serious harmful effect to the environment of human survival.Use too much that chemical fertilizer also can cause lodging, the later stage is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe, increase the weight of that damage by disease and insect takes place and rice quality becomes of inferior quality danger.
Direct sowing on dry paddy field is the light simple culture technique of the paddy rice of a kind of water saving, saving of labor, high-yield and high-efficiency.Because direct-sowing dry is than more water saving of water direct seeding, saving of labor, laborsaving, thus in recent years the area of direct-sowing dry in continuous expansion.Existing direct-sowing dry seeding technique mainly contains artificial broadcast and mechanical drilling, has following problem: it is shallow that 1, all there are the rice seedling Root Distribution to some extent in artificial broadcast and mechanical drilling, is prone to cause mid-term colony bigger than normal, and the qualitative change of seedling voxel is poor, and lodging resistance is relatively poor; 2, mechanical drilling sowing quantity is big, and easy wound of sowing paddy rice bud kind planted; 3, broadcast application is prone to lose or evaporate in the air with current in the face of land, reduces fertilizer utilization ratio, influences plant growth, increases the weight of the pollution to environment; 4, direct-sowing dry after planting can have a strong impact on sprouting of seed rice if meet low temperature (field face ground temperature is on average below 10 ℃), has restricted the application of direct-sowing dry technology at low temp area.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming that overcomes prior art with not enough, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of water saving, joint fertile, be beneficial to that rice root is grown and the rice precision amount drought cave live broadcasting method of film in the also applicable synchronous ditching ridging fertilizing of low temp area shop.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical proposals:
The rice precision amount drought cave live broadcasting method of a kind of synchronous ditching ridging fertilizing shop film may further comprise the steps:
(1) opens two parallel retaining railway carriage or compartment ditches on the nonirrigated farmland after rotary tillage is smooth simultaneously, form the ridge platform higher between the two retaining railway carriage or compartment ditches than retaining railway carriage or compartment ditch; After planting keep in the ditch of retaining railway carriage or compartment water being arranged;
(2) on the platform of ridge, leave seed furrow and dressing furrow synchronously, dressing furrow is positioned at seed furrow one side, presses agriculture requirement and seed furrow and keeps reasonable distance;
(3) paddy rice bud kind is broadcast in seed furrow by a determining deviation with bunch planting way;
(4) fertilizer imposes on the fertilizer bottom of trench, and fertilising back earthing lid is flat;
(5) earthing is to keep temperature in the shed and humidity around the platform covering with plastic film on the ridge after planting, mulch film;
It is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom trapezoidal that the cross section of the said retaining of step (1) railway carriage or compartment ditch is, and its size is pressed agriculture requirement and confirmed; Reservoir storage can guarantee seed sprouting growth in the sowing in hill kind ditch in the ditch of retaining railway carriage or compartment;
The described seed furrow of step (2), the distance between the two seed furrow center lines is the crop row distance, can select according to the different regions agriculture requirement; Every cave seeding quantity and cave can be regulated according to agriculture requirement apart from (spacing in the rows) in the seed furrow;
Said step (4), fertilizer is quantitative, the location imposes on the fertilizer bottom of trench, and the fertilising back is put down by covering device earthing lid; Fertilizing amount can be regulated according to agriculture requirement;
In the said method, retaining railway carriage or compartment ditch plough is a ploughshare, and the dressing furrow plough is an arrow spade type, and the seed furrow plough is the pinch roller formula; Three kinds of plough trench digging degree of depth all can be regulated by agriculture requirement;
Above-mentioned retaining railway carriage or compartment ditch, dressing furrow, seed furrow are accomplished by three kinds of trench digging devices synchronously, and synchronous ditching helps machine and carries out multiple operation, reduces machine farm work number of times, improves operation quality and production efficiency;
The said platform covering with plastic film on the ridge after planting of step (5), shop film operation is accomplished by machinery shop film device and covering device synchronously.
The present invention has following advantage and effect with respect to prior art:
(1) the present invention adopts synchronous ditching ridging fertilizing planting after plastic covered technology, and the retaining ditch both can be made irrigation ditch usefulness, also can do the drain ditch and use.Because seed rice broadcasts in sowing in hill kind ditch, can guarantee that rice root grows up in dryer and comfortableer relatively environment, help the growth of root system.In the retaining ditch, keeping certain water layer during the paddy growth, make ridge platform soil conservation moistening, need not whole field face and pour water, both reduced the paddy rice irrigation quantity, also reduced evaporation discharge, can save the Rice Production water.
(2) seed furrow of opening has increased the embedded depth of rice root on the platform of ridge, and is suitable with transplanting depth, solved general Direct-seeding Rice preferably and broadcast in the earth surfaces root system simple and easy lodging problem of burying.
(3) the seed furrow side is left dressing furrow, with fertilizer quantitatively, the location, impose near rice root growth place equably, and cover, can effectively reduce fertilizer volatilization loss, improve utilization rate of fertilizer.As use controlled release fertilizer, single-dose application can guarantee the fertilizer supply in the paddy rice whole growth phase, reaches balanced long-acting.
(4) covering with plastic film after planting can effectively improve temperature in the shed and keep soil moisture in the film, improves percentage of seedgermination and planting percent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of retaining railway carriage or compartment ditch and ridge platform in the rice precision amount drought cave live broadcasting method of a kind of synchronous ditching ridging fertilizing of the present invention shop film;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of retaining railway carriage or compartment ditch and ridge platform in the rice precision amount drought cave live broadcasting method of a kind of synchronous ditching ridging fertilizing of the present invention shop film;
Wherein, 1-retaining railway carriage or compartment ditch, 2-ridge platform, 3-seed furrow, 4-dressing furrow, 5-mulch film, 6-paddy rice bud kind, 7-fertilizer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment
Present embodiment enforcement place is the Agricultural University Of South China experimental plot in the Guangzhou.
The rice precision amount drought cave live broadcasting method of a kind of synchronous ditching ridging fertilizing shop film may further comprise the steps:
(1) opens two parallel retaining railway carriage or compartment ditches 1 (adopting the ploughshare plough) on the nonirrigated farmland after rotary tillage is smooth simultaneously, form the ridge platform 2 higher between the two retaining railway carriage or compartment ditches 1 than retaining ditch.It is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom trapezoidal that the cross section of retaining railway carriage or compartment ditch is, and goes up wide 25cm, ditch bottom width 15cm, dark 15cm.After planting keep in the ditch of retaining railway carriage or compartment water being arranged, ridge platform ground moistening is for the seed rice germinating growth provides adequate water.
(2) on ridge platform 2, leave seed furrow 3 (pinch roller formula plough) and dressing furrow 4 (using the arrow spade type plough) synchronously, dressing furrow 4 is positioned at seed furrow 3 one sides.Fertilising ditch depth 5-7cm, wide 3-5cm is apart from seed furrow 10cm.Distance is 20cm between the seed furrow 3.Institute's fertilise 7 is that the paddy rice special slow release is fertile, and fertilizing amount is 40kg/667m
2
(3) as shown in Figure 2, the seed rice 6 that broken chest shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally (the assorted Tai Feng of training) adopts bunch planting way to broadcast in seed furrow 3, and the cave distance is 18cm, average 5 of every cave seeding quantity.
(4) spreading 5 synchronously on ridge platform 2 after planting covers whole sowing row, improves temperature in the shed and maintenance soil moisture on the platform 2 of ridge, improves percentage of seedgermination and planting percent.
The paddy rice growing way of the type of seeding plantation of employing present embodiment is good, and output is higher.Producing experiment shows: the cave Direct-seeding Rice is because well developed root system hangs down the joint position and tillers, and growing way is good, and output is higher.The direct-sowing dry mode is irrigated planting patterns with traditional paddy rice and is compared; Direct-sowing dry adopts " moistening irrigation " and " intermittent irrigation " mode; After planting keep in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment water being arranged, railway carriage or compartment face ground moistening gets final product, and pours water during 4-6 sheet leaf and sets up shoaling layer; Soak field water and seedling water before need not planting, therefore can practice thrift the paddy rice industrial water.Table 1 is seen in the embodiment contrast, under output situation much at one, reduces by 32% and 38% irrigation water respectively than water direct seeding and rice transplanting.
Table 1 Different Ways of Planting irrigation water capacity contrast (Agricultural University Of South China experimental plot) unit: m
3/ hm
2
Because employing fertilizer location deep placement technology is executed with traditional face or the whole layer placement of fertilizer method is compared, buried fertilizer is concentrated relatively and is covered with earth, can improve fertilizer utilization ratio, and the loss of minimizing fertilizer increases rice yield.
The fertile comparative trial with the fertilising of artificial broadcast's face of the synchronous deep placement of the direct sowing on dry paddy field that present embodiment carries out shows that under the situation that reduces fertilizing amount 30%, the location deep placement is fertile to be handled than artificial broadcast's face fertilizer treatment raising the output 924.5kg/hm
2, amplification 16.5%; The deep placement fertile nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy availability 32.7kg/kg N that handles in location exceeds 17.2kg/kg N than artificial broadcast's face fertilizer treatment, amplification 111.1%.The deep placement fertile loss that reduces nitrogen because the location deep placement concentrated by nitrogenous fertilizer in location can significantly improve nitrogen agronomy availability.
After planting spread film, help seed and sprout.The present embodiment result of the test shows; Temperature improves 10 ℃ than land for growing field crops temperature in the film caudacoria of test shop, field; Humidity increases by 8%, and seeding ratio can reach more than 80%, and does not spread film field piece seedling-growing time than the late 5-7 of present embodiment days; About emergence rate 50%, present embodiment planting after plastic covered emergence rate can improve more than 30%.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; But embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; Other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; All should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the rice precision amount drought cave live broadcasting method of synchronous ditching ridging fertilizing shop film is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) opens two parallel retaining railway carriage or compartment ditches on the nonirrigated farmland after rotary tillage is smooth simultaneously, form the ridge platform higher between the two retaining railway carriage or compartment ditches than retaining railway carriage or compartment ditch; After planting keep in the ditch of retaining railway carriage or compartment water being arranged;
(2) on the platform of ridge, leave seed furrow and dressing furrow synchronously, dressing furrow is positioned at seed furrow one side;
(3) paddy rice bud kind is broadcast in seed furrow with bunch planting way;
(4) fertilizer imposes on the fertilizer bottom of trench, and fertilising back earthing lid is flat;
(5) earthing around the platform covering with plastic film after planting, mulch film on the ridge.
2. the rice precision amount drought cave live broadcasting method of synchronous ditching ridging fertilizing according to claim 1 shop film is characterized in that: the cross section of the said retaining of step (1) railway carriage or compartment ditch is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom trapezoidal.
3. the rice precision amount drought cave live broadcasting method of synchronous ditching ridging fertilizing according to claim 1 shop film; It is characterized in that: the plough of the said retaining of step (1) railway carriage or compartment ditch is a ploughshare; The plough of the said dressing furrow of step (2) is an arrow spade type, and the plough of the said seed furrow of step (2) is the pinch roller formula.
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102860205A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-09 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Van-type no-tillage improved high-yield cultivation method of cold mud field |
| CN102860207A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-09 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Ditching and mulching cultivation method for water-bed ridge planting |
| CN102948363A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-03-06 | 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 | Seed production method for hybrid rice |
| CN104472070A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-01 | 上海海丰现代农业有限公司 | Large-scale integrated mechanized water handling mode after direct sowing of rice |
| CN105123023A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽同大现代农业科技园有限公司 | Sowing accelerating method for rapid sprouting and once-sowing full stand of direct-seeding rice |
| CN105432391A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-30 | 江西省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Method for increasing sprouting rate and seedling rate of directly-seeded early season rice |
| CN105766496A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-20 | 童思佳 | Covering mechanism of rice spreading type cultivation machine |
| CN106973735A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-25 | 潘传富 | A kind of method of nonirrigated farmland direct seading rice |
| CN107018834A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-08-08 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding cultural method |
| CN107535290A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-01-05 | 武玉刚 | A kind of paddy rice planting method |
| CN108307740A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-07-24 | 青阳县茂施农业科技有限公司 | A kind of live streaming of rice wide cut item and the same broadcasting method of seed manure |
| CN108782079A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-13 | 沈阳博地环保科技有限公司 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland plastic film mulch direct seading rice technology |
| CN114097550A (en) * | 2021-11-28 | 2022-03-01 | 西安农链互联网科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating corn on high ridges in mulching mode |
| CN115211257A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-10-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | One-time fertilization method for simultaneously sowing rice seeds and fertilizer by unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN109220139B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2023-08-25 | 南京沃杨机械科技有限公司 | Belt-shaped sowing middle deep fertilization process and device |
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Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102860205A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-09 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Van-type no-tillage improved high-yield cultivation method of cold mud field |
| CN102860207A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-09 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Ditching and mulching cultivation method for water-bed ridge planting |
| CN102860207B (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-04-02 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Ditching and mulching cultivation method for water-bed ridge planting |
| CN102948363A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-03-06 | 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 | Seed production method for hybrid rice |
| CN102948363B (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-14 | 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 | Seed production method for hybrid rice |
| CN104472070A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-01 | 上海海丰现代农业有限公司 | Large-scale integrated mechanized water handling mode after direct sowing of rice |
| CN105123023A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽同大现代农业科技园有限公司 | Sowing accelerating method for rapid sprouting and once-sowing full stand of direct-seeding rice |
| CN105432391B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2018-05-18 | 江西省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of method for promoting ridged pot without plow bud ratio and planting percent |
| CN105432391A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-30 | 江西省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Method for increasing sprouting rate and seedling rate of directly-seeded early season rice |
| CN105766496A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-20 | 童思佳 | Covering mechanism of rice spreading type cultivation machine |
| CN107535290A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-01-05 | 武玉刚 | A kind of paddy rice planting method |
| CN107535290B (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2020-04-21 | 武玉刚 | Rice planting method |
| CN106973735A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-25 | 潘传富 | A kind of method of nonirrigated farmland direct seading rice |
| CN107018834A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-08-08 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding cultural method |
| CN108307740A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-07-24 | 青阳县茂施农业科技有限公司 | A kind of live streaming of rice wide cut item and the same broadcasting method of seed manure |
| CN108782079A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-13 | 沈阳博地环保科技有限公司 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland plastic film mulch direct seading rice technology |
| CN109220139B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2023-08-25 | 南京沃杨机械科技有限公司 | Belt-shaped sowing middle deep fertilization process and device |
| CN114097550A (en) * | 2021-11-28 | 2022-03-01 | 西安农链互联网科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating corn on high ridges in mulching mode |
| CN115211257A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-10-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | One-time fertilization method for simultaneously sowing rice seeds and fertilizer by unmanned aerial vehicle |
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Application publication date: 20120321 |