CN113545262A - Under-mulch hole sowing integrated planting method for upland rice - Google Patents
Under-mulch hole sowing integrated planting method for upland rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN113545262A CN113545262A CN202110800440.5A CN202110800440A CN113545262A CN 113545262 A CN113545262 A CN 113545262A CN 202110800440 A CN202110800440 A CN 202110800440A CN 113545262 A CN113545262 A CN 113545262A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting upland rice under-mulch hole sowing integrally, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: s1, field treatment: selecting a soil texture land block without saline-alkali pH value between 7 and 7.8 before sowing, and before rotary tillage, adding 3000 jin/mu of farmyard manure, 30 jin/mu of biological agent for relieving various pesticide residues in underground soil, 15 jin/mu of organic fertilizer, 20 jin/mu of biological fertilizer and 30 jin/40 jin/mu of compound fertilizer. Has the advantages that: the method simultaneously selects and utilizes farmyard manure, organic fertilizer, biological fertilizer and various biological agents to improve the soil restoration and improvement on the paddy field, the dry farmland and the like, achieves the purpose of improving the land fertility and takes green and ecological planting as the standard, accurately controls the planting position, planting interval and seed quantity of the dry rice by the mode of firstly carrying out rotary tillage fertilization and then carrying out hole-to-hole planting, does not establish a water layer, is favorable for up-and-down oxygen circulation, increases the soil air permeability, and ensures that the dry rice has higher germination rate and more ears.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for integrally planting upland rice under-mulch hole sowing.
Background
The upland rice is called upland rice, and is an ecological crop formed by long-term domestication and evolution of rice under the condition of dry land without water layer, and is suitable for cultivation in dry land, and can also be planted in paddy field or depression, and is mainly distributed in dry land and hilly land where the rainwater is stable in summer but the irrigation condition is lacked, or low-lying area where the rainwater is easy to waterlog in spring and drought, summer and autumn, and the north and south rice areas in China are cultivated in a small quantity. The upland rice has the advantages of strong and luxuriant stems and leaves, wide leaves, light color, developed root system, more root hairs, higher osmotic pressure of roots and cell juice concentration of leaves, early and heat resistance and strong water absorption capacity.
The method is characterized in that the yield and the quality cannot be guaranteed when dry rice is planted in thousands of mu or tens of thousands of mu for direct seeding of the dry rice in the past, the yield and the quality are also reflected in the planting of the dry rice in various places, and the yield per mu is 200 jin, 500 jin and not more than 700 jin at most, so that the dry rice is planted by the conventional drilling technology, and the yield of the dry rice cannot be improved in a limited way.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide an integrated under-mulch hole sowing planting method for dry rice.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for integrally planting upland rice under-mulch hole sowing, which comprises the following steps:
s1, field treatment: selecting a soil texture land block with a saline-alkali pH value of 7-7.8 before sowing, and simultaneously spreading 3000 jin/mu of farmyard fertilizer, 30 jin/mu of biological agent for relieving various pesticide residues in underground soil, 15 jin/mu of organic fertilizer, 20 jin/mu of biological fertilizer and 30-40 jin/mu of compound fertilizer on the land surface before rotary tillage;
s2, rotary tillage of the land: the soil quality requirement is fine, the rotary tillage land depth is 12-15 cm, soil is crushed after rotary tillage, and the land is leveled;
s3, rice seed treatment: selecting northeast upland rice seeds, placing the seeds in a place with sufficient sunlight for airing, then placing the seeds in water for soaking, coating the soaked seeds, and then drying the soaked seeds in the shade;
s4, sowing: pouring the soaked seeds into a hill planter, covering a layer of biodegradable mulching film on a flat soil layer by using the hill planter, pressing the biodegradable mulching film with soil while covering the biodegradable mulching film by using the hill planter, breaking the biodegradable mulching film by using the hill planter, opening planting holes in the soil layer, filling upland rice seeds into the planting holes, wherein the number of the upland rice seeds in each hole is determined according to three different types of seeds, namely long seeds, medium seeds and small seeds in the upland rice seeds, the number of the long upland rice seeds is 10-13 seeds in each hole, the number of the medium upland rice seeds is 13-15 seeds in each hole, the number of the small upland rice seeds in each hole is 15-20 seeds, the planting depth is 1-1.5 cm, the plant spacing of the upland rice is 10-14 cm, and the row spacing is 18-22 cm;
s5, weeding before emergence: after sowing, the weeds can be subjected to pre-seedling sealing treatment, and the weeds are eradicated in the primary growth stage, so that one-time weeding is realized;
s6, compacting: and (3) compacting by using a compacting machine, wherein compacting is determined according to the moist dry temperature of the soil after sowing, and compacting is carried out within 3-5 hours if soil moisture can ensure that neat seedlings can be produced at one time. If the soil moisture can not ensure that the seedlings are uniform at one time, watering the land immediately after sowing and then compacting;
s7, water replenishing: if the annual average precipitation of the land is below 600 mm, sprinkling water in the land after 1 month of planting, and if the annual average precipitation reaches 600 mm and is above 600 mm, watering the land without manual work;
s8, fertilizer follow-up: and respectively spraying foliar fertilizer in a tillering stage, a joint pulling stage, a flowering stage and a grouting stage.
Preferably, in step S1, the compound fertilizer is 35 jin/mu.
Preferably, in step S2, the depth of the soil is 13 cm.
Preferably, in step S3, the seed airing is performed once every morning and afternoon, and the seed airing lasts for 2 days.
Preferably, in step S3, the seed soaking time is 18h, and after seed soaking, the seed is washed once with clean water.
Preferably, in step S4, the number of long upland rice seeds is 12 per hole, the number of medium upland rice seeds is 14 per hole, and the number of small upland rice seeds is 17 per hole.
Preferably, in step S4, the depth of the planting hole is 1.3 cm, the planting distance of the upland rice is 12 cm, and the row distance is 20 cm.
Has the advantages that: the method simultaneously selects and utilizes farmyard manure, organic fertilizer, biological fertilizer and various biological agents to improve the soil restoration and improvement on the paddy field, the dry farmland and the like, achieves the purpose of improving the land fertility and takes green and ecological planting as the standard, accurately controls the planting position, planting interval and seed quantity of the dry rice by the mode of firstly carrying out rotary tillage fertilization and then carrying out hole-to-hole planting, does not establish a water layer, is favorable for up-and-down oxygen circulation, increases the soil air permeability, and ensures that the dry rice has higher germination rate and more ears.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for integrally planting upland rice under-mulch hole sowing, which comprises the following steps:
s1, field treatment: selecting a soil texture land block with a saline-alkali pH value of 7-7.8 before sowing, spreading farmyard manure of 3000 jin/mu, biological agent for relieving various pesticide residues in underground soil of 30 jin/mu, organic fertilizer of 15 jin/mu, biological fertilizer of 20 jin/mu and compound fertilizer of 30-40 jin/mu on the land surface before rotary tillage, and selectively using the farmyard manure, the organic fertilizer, the biological fertilizer and various biological agents to improve the soil remediation and improvement so as to improve the land fertility and plant the land with green and ecological as the standard;
s2, rotary tillage of the land: the soil quality requirement is fine, the rotary tillage land depth is 12-15 cm, soil is crushed and the land is leveled after rotary tillage, and the leveled soil layer can improve the closed weeding effect;
s3, rice seed treatment: selecting northeast upland rice seeds, placing the seeds in a place with sufficient sunlight for airing, then placing the seeds in water for soaking, coating the soaked seeds, then drying the soaked seeds in the shade, and selecting the northeast upland rice seeds for planting, wherein the reason is that the northeast upland rice seeds are planted in the areas of the south of Beijing and Beijing, and the method is called the long-distance precocity method, so that the method can be suitable for the selection of local two-season planting varieties while not affecting the yield and the quality;
s4, sowing: pouring the soaked seeds into a hill planter, covering a layer of biodegradable mulch film on a flat soil layer by using the hill planter, pressing the biodegradable mulch film by using soil while covering the biodegradable mulch film by using the hill planter, breaking the biodegradable mulch film by using the hill planter, opening planting holes in the soil layer, filling upland rice seeds into the planting holes, wherein the number of the upland rice seeds in each hole is determined according to three different types of seeds, namely long seeds, medium seeds and small seeds in the upland rice seeds, the number of the long upland rice seeds is 10-13 seeds in each hole, the number of the medium upland rice seeds is 13-15 seeds in each hole, the number of the small upland rice seeds is 15-20 seeds in each hole, the planting depth is 1-1.5 cm, the plant spacing of the upland rice is 10-14 cm, the row spacing is 18-22 cm, and planting in a hole-hole mode under the mulch film, the planting position, planting distance and seed quantity of the dry rice are accurately controlled, and the planting quality of the dry rice is ensured;
s5, weeding before emergence: after sowing, the weeds can be subjected to pre-seedling sealing treatment, and the weeds are eradicated in the primary growth stage, so that one-time weeding is realized;
s6, compacting: and (3) compacting by using a compacting machine, wherein compacting is determined according to the moist dry temperature of the soil after sowing, and compacting is carried out within 3-5 hours if soil moisture can ensure that neat seedlings can be produced at one time. If the soil moisture can not ensure that the seedlings are uniform at one time, watering the land immediately after sowing and then compacting;
s7, water replenishing: if the annual average precipitation of the land is below 600 mm, sprinkling water in the land after planting for 1 month to ensure that the seedlings are strong and strong, and if the annual average precipitation reaches 600 mm and is above 600 mm, watering the land without manual work;
s8, fertilizer follow-up: and respectively spraying foliar fertilizer in a tillering stage, a joint pulling stage, a flowering stage and a grouting stage.
In this embodiment, in step S1, the compound fertilizer is 35 jin/mu.
In this embodiment, in step S2, the depth of the rotary tillage land is 13 cm.
In this embodiment, in step S3, seed airing is performed once every morning and afternoon, and the seed airing lasts for 2 days.
In this embodiment, in the step S3, the seed soaking time is 18 hours, and after the seed soaking, the seed is washed with clean water once.
In this embodiment, in step S4, the number of long upland rice seeds is 12 per hole, the number of medium upland rice seeds is 14 per hole, and the number of small upland rice seeds is 17 per hole.
In this embodiment, in step S4, the depth of the planting hole is 1.3 cm, the planting distance of the upland rice is 12 cm, and the row distance is 20 cm.
Experimental data one: planting in northeast areas, for example, in Heilongjiang province, some areas can be divided into three to five temperature zones, varieties are selected according to the current local area for planting, when the selected varieties are planted, the varieties are selected according to the average value of the height of land, soil content, sand content and the like in three years in the area for planting, dry rice is planted in the five temperature zones, under-film hole sowing integrated planting is selected for planting, the yield and the quality can be guaranteed, and the mature period of different dry rice seed varieties is divided into four time periods which are respectively: selecting dry rice varieties for selective planting according to soil texture, mulching film color and the like for 90-100 days, 100-110 days, 110-120 days and 120-135 days.
Experimental data two: in Beijing, the first season is that the planting time of spring dry rice starts to sow dry rice in about 4 months and 5 days, the second season starts to sow dry rice in about 6 months and 12 days, and the mature period of the variety has six time periods: selecting dry rice varieties for selective planting according to soil texture, mulching film color and the like in 90-100 days, 110-110 days, 110-120 days, 120-130 days, 130-145 days and 145-155 days.
Experimental data three: two-season dry rice is planted in Henan province, the time and season difference is about 5-10 days earlier than that of Beijing area, dry rice varieties are selected for planting according to the harvesting of front and back crops in the morning and evening, and the mature periods of the varieties are six: selecting dry rice varieties for selective planting according to soil texture, mulching film color and the like in 90-100 days, 110-110 days, 110-120 days, 120-130 days, 130-145 days and 145-155 days.
The average acre yield obtained by the planting method described in this example was compared for different areas and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
It can be seen visually from table 1 that, compared with the traditional dry rice planting method, the dry rice mu average yield obtained by the dry rice under-mulch hill planting integrated planting method is increased year by year, and the method has the characteristics of improving the field, increasing the yield year by year and the like.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent replacement or change according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for planting upland rice by hole sowing under mulch integrally is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, field treatment: selecting a soil texture land block with a saline-alkali pH value of 7-7.8 before sowing, and simultaneously spreading 3000 jin/mu of farmyard fertilizer, 30 jin/mu of biological agent for relieving various pesticide residues in underground soil, 15 jin/mu of organic fertilizer, 20 jin/mu of biological fertilizer and 30-40 jin/mu of compound fertilizer on the land surface before rotary tillage;
s2, rotary tillage of the land: the soil quality requirement is fine, the rotary tillage land depth is 12-15 cm, soil is crushed after rotary tillage, and the land is leveled;
s3, rice seed treatment: selecting northeast upland rice seeds, placing the seeds in a place with sufficient sunlight for airing, then placing the seeds in water for soaking, coating the soaked seeds, and then drying the soaked seeds in the shade;
s4, sowing: pouring the soaked seeds into a hill planter, covering a layer of biodegradable mulching film on a flat soil layer by using the hill planter, pressing the biodegradable mulching film with soil while covering the biodegradable mulching film by using the hill planter, breaking the biodegradable mulching film by using the hill planter, opening planting holes in the soil layer, filling upland rice seeds into the planting holes, wherein the number of the upland rice seeds in each hole is determined according to three different types of seeds, namely long seeds, medium seeds and small seeds in the upland rice seeds, the number of the long upland rice seeds is 10-13 seeds in each hole, the number of the medium upland rice seeds is 13-15 seeds in each hole, the number of the small upland rice seeds in each hole is 15-20 seeds, the planting depth is 1-1.5 cm, the plant spacing of the upland rice is 10-14 cm, and the row spacing is 18-22 cm;
s5, weeding before emergence: after sowing, the weeds can be subjected to pre-seedling sealing treatment, and the weeds are eradicated in the primary growth stage, so that one-time weeding is realized;
s6, compacting: and (3) compacting by using a compacting machine, wherein compacting is determined according to the moist dry temperature of the soil after sowing, and compacting is carried out within 3-5 hours if soil moisture can ensure that neat seedlings can be produced at one time. If the soil moisture can not ensure that the seedlings are uniform at one time, watering the land immediately after sowing and then compacting;
s7, water replenishing: if the annual average precipitation of the land is below 600 mm, sprinkling water in the land after 1 month of planting, and if the annual average precipitation reaches 600 mm and is above 600 mm, watering the land without manual work;
s8, fertilizer follow-up: and respectively spraying foliar fertilizer in a tillering stage, a joint pulling stage, a flowering stage and a grouting stage.
2. The under-mulch hole sowing integrated planting method for the upland rice according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, 35 jin/mu of compound fertilizer.
3. The under-mulch hole sowing integrated planting method for the upland rice according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the depth of the rotary tillage land is 13 cm.
4. The under-mulch hole sowing integrated planting method for the upland rice according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, seed airing is performed once in the morning and afternoon every day, and the seed airing lasts for 2 days.
5. The under-mulch hole sowing integrated planting method for the upland rice according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the seed soaking time is 18h, and the seed is washed once by using clean water after being soaked.
6. The under-mulch hole sowing integrated planting method for the upland rice according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the number of the long upland rice seeds is 12 per hole, the number of the medium upland rice seeds is 14 per hole, and the number of the small upland rice seeds is 17 per hole.
7. The under-mulch hole sowing integrated planting method for the upland rice according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the depth of the planting holes is 1.3 cm, the planting distance of the upland rice is 12 cm, and the row distance is 20 cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114521460A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-24 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Direct-seeding drip irrigation method for biodegradable mulching film of dry farming rice |
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