CN111990195A - Method for directly sowing cotton seedlings by one time without film - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for directly sowing cotton seedlings by one sowing without a film, which comprises the following steps: after the previous crops are harvested, ploughing in the soil moisture depth to about 20-30 cm; selecting non-film direct-seeding cotton seeds; firstly, adjusting the planting distance to be half of the preset planting distance according to the planting density of a sowed variety, then starting mechanical precision sowing, 1 seed per hole, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, covering soil after sowing, pressing the field to be flat and uniform, and observing soil moisture for sowing; sealing after seeding; thinning and final singling. The method for directly sowing the whole seedling of the non-membrane direct-sowing cotton has the advantages that the high emergence rate and the high seedling rate are ensured, and the indexes of seed cotton yield, the number of bolls of a single plant, the weight of bolls, the clothes content and the pre-frost flowering rate are obviously improved. Not only eradicates the need of seedling and seed filling of the conventional sowing mode, saves seeds, but also improves the yield and reduces the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for directly sowing cotton seedlings by one sowing without a film.
Background
In recent years, along with the transfer of rural labor force and the increase of labor cost, the mechanization and simplification of cotton production become the main trend of cotton production development, the direct seeding of non-film cotton is gradually prosperous in Yangtze river drainage basin, and the whole-process mechanized production technology of cotton is mature day by day. However, there are many problems in the aspects of one-time sowing of whole seedlings, weed prevention and control, etc., and in terms of actual production, the phenomena of generally supplementing seedlings and replanting seeds exist, which not only takes time and labor, but also causes unsatisfactory remediation effect because later-stage management is difficult to uniformly coordinate. At present, the technical method for direct seeding of the membrane-free cotton is basically based on fixed preset seeding density and fixed preset plant spacing, so that the number of preset seeding holes is fixed, the single-hole seeding quantity is increased, and the adverse factors to seedling emergence are reduced or avoided, so that the method is difficult to effectively control in the actual production process of producers, and due to the difference of seeding performance of the seeding machines, the problems of unsmooth seeding or blockage and no leakage of seeds can occur during the seeding process of most seeding machines, so that the seeding and seedling emergence effects are not ideal in the actual production process, and the seedling supplementing and the reseeding are basically required to be carried out by 20 percent or more, and finally the yield loss of seed cotton is caused due to the difference of plant growth after the seedling supplementing and the reseeding, and the later-stage fertilization, the chemical control and the pest control are. Therefore, the direct seeding method for reducing seedling filling and reseeding as much as possible and even not filling and reseeding becomes a key technical problem to be solved urgently in light simplification of cultivation of the film-free direct seeding cotton.
Disclosure of Invention
The method can reduce the seed consumption, reduce labor, has high seedling rate, does not need to replenish and reseed, is beneficial to unified and coordinated management and control in the later period, and finally increases the yield.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
a method for directly sowing cotton seedlings without films at one time comprises the following steps:
s1: cotton field tillage: after the previous crops are harvested, the soil moisture is suitable for deep ploughing, and the ploughing depth is about 20-30 cm.
S2: selecting non-film direct-seeding cotton seeds;
s3: sowing: firstly, according to the planting density of the variety, adjusting the planting distance to be half of the preset planting distance of the variety, then starting mechanical precision seeding, 1 seed per hole, the seeding depth being 2-3cm, covering soil after seeding, pressing the field to be even and consistent, and observing soil moisture for seeding;
s4: after sowing, 60g of metolachlor and 20g of deltamethrin are applied to each mu for sealing and preventing cutworms;
s5: thinning and final singling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for directly sowing the whole seedlings of the non-membrane cotton at one time ensures high emergence rate and high seedling rate, and obviously improves several indexes of seed cotton yield, single-plant boll number, boll weight, clothing fraction and pre-frost flowering rate; not only eradicates the need of seedling and seed filling of the conventional sowing mode, saves seeds, but also improves the yield and reduces the cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a seeded real object provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a seeded real object provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following examples demonstrate experiments conducted in 2018 and 2019 in cotton-planted areas in the Jianghan plain.
Example 1
S1: cotton field tillage: the test field is selected from northern Hongkun of Maliang town in Shayangxiang county, Jingmen city, Jianghan plain, the previous crop is wheat, and the soil quality is sandy loam; wheat is harvested in 2018, 5 and 25 months, 45% (15-15-15) of compound fertilizer 10kg and borax 300g are broadcast to each mu in 27 months in 2018, 5 and 27 days, and rotary tillage is carried out by a rotary cultivator.
S2: selecting non-film direct seeding cotton seeds: the seeds of the selected reserved medium cotton station 50, medium 425, medium 619, medium 190 and medium 825 are delinted by a medicament, then are subjected to primary selection by a windmill or a sieve, the plump, complete and uniform-sized cotton seeds are selected, a germination test is carried out (the germination rate is shown in table 1), and each kilogram of the seeds is mixed with 10g of carbosulfan 35 percent before sowing. The purchased commercial seeds CN01, Fumian 316, Jinghua 116 and 15AZ313 are coated clean seeds, but the germination rate is more than 80 percent.
TABLE 1
| Percentage of germination (%) | Middle cotton institute 50 | Middle 425 | Middle 619 | Middle 190 | Middle 825 |
| 2018 years old | 86 | 90 | 85 | 84 | 86 |
| 2019 | 86 | 91 | 86 | 84 | 88 |
S3: seeding, namely seeding in 2018, 5, 28 months and driving a three-row seeder to perform precise mechanical seeding by using a John Dier 954 Beidou navigation automatic tractor as power; and 5, 25-27 days in 2019, and a John Diel 954 Beidou navigation automatic tractor is adopted as power to drive a four-row seeder to perform precision mechanical seeding.
The sowing method comprises the steps of debugging various indexes of the sowing machine before underground sowing, firstly adjusting the sowing amount according to the seed leakage condition, and then adjusting the sowing amount according to the planting density of the sowing variety, wherein the preset density of 4000-. Adjusting the row spacing of the sowing tray to equal row spacing of 76cm, and the planting spacing to 7.25 cm; after the indexes are adjusted, trial sowing is carried out for 2-5 meters before formal sowing, after trial sowing, the sowing quality including sowing quantity, plant row spacing, sowing depth and the like is checked, if the indexes meet the standards, mechanical precision sowing is started, 1 seed is planted in each hole, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and after sowing, the soil is covered, pressed and leveled uniformly in the field.
S4: after sowing, 60g of metolachlor and 20g of deltamethrin are used for each mu of land to play a role of sealing and preventing cutworms.
S5: thinning and final singling, and starting to sprout about 6 months and 5 days in 2018 after sowing. The seeding density is 10320 plants/mu, the seedling rate is about 8000 plants/mu, and the harvest density is 4500-.
Example 2
S1: the cotton field is cultivated, the test field is selected from northern harbor village of Maliangzhou county in Shayangxiang Jingmen city in Jianghan plain, the previous stubble is wheat, and the soil quality is sandy loam. Wheat was harvested in 2019, 23.5 months, and rotary tillage was carried out in 2019, 26.5 months without applying base fertilizer.
S2: selecting non-film direct seeding cotton seeds: the seeds of 50, 425, 619, 190 and 825 of the middle cotton institute left in the last year are delinted by a medicament, then are subjected to primary selection by a windmill or a sieve, the full, complete and uniform-sized cotton seeds are selected, a germination test is carried out, and 2.5g of Bailijin (thiacloprid, Georging and Shuangling) is used for dressing seeds per kilogram before sowing. The commercial seeds CN01, Fumian 316, Jinghua 116 and 15AZ313 were coated neat seeds and had no selection.
S3: sowing: 27-29 months in 2019, a John Dier 954 Beidou navigation automatic-driving tractor is adopted as power to drive an improved four-row seeder integrating rotary tillage, ditching, ridging, pressing, seeding and re-pressing in the northern Harbour of Malong to carry out precision direct seeding, seedling emergence is started about 6 months and 3 days in 2019, and the seedling emergence rate reaches over 90%;
before sowing in the field, the adjustment of various indexes of the seeder is carried out, the seeding quantity is adjusted according to the seed leakage condition, and then the seeding plant spacing and the density are adjusted according to the variety characteristics according to the planting density of the seeding variety, for example, the preset density of 4000-6000 plants (holes) of the direct seeding cotton, the row spacing of 76cm and the plant spacing of 14.5-21.5 cm, the seeding density of 10320 plants (holes), the row spacing of 76cm and the plant spacing of 7.25-10.75 cm are adopted in the common direct seeding cotton. The row spacing of the sowing tray is adjusted to be equal to 76cm, and the planting distance is adjusted to be 10.75 cm. After the indexes are adjusted, trial sowing is carried out for 2-5 meters before formal sowing, after trial sowing, the sowing quality including sowing quantity, plant row spacing, sowing depth and the like is checked, if the indexes meet the standards, mechanical precision sowing is started, 1 seed is planted in each hole, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and after sowing, the soil is covered, pressed and leveled uniformly in the field.
S4: after sowing, 60g of metolachlor and 20g of deltamethrin are applied to each mu in 6 months and 10 days in 2019 to prevent weeds, cutworms and seedling diseases.
S5: thinning and final singling, after seeding, raining within 29 days and nights in 5 months and 29 months in 2019, which is favorable for seedling emergence, and because the seeding density reaches 10320 plants/mu, the influence on the harvest density in the later period is not large, and the harvest density reaches about 5000 plus 6500 plants/mu.
Comparative example 1
The method is characterized in that a conventional sowing method is adopted, the same test field with the area of one mu is selected, wheat is sown in a full width mode, the wheat is harvested, straw is returned to the field together through rotary tillage, the adopted cotton seeds and other treatments to the cotton field are the same as those in the example 1, and if the seedling emergence is poor, the cotton seeds are replanted.
Comparative example 2
The same cotton variety and planting pattern as in example 1 was used, except that in step S3, the row spacing of the seed tray was not adjusted, the row spacing of the seed tray was equal to the preset row spacing of the variety, and if the seedling emergence was poor, the seed was replenished.
Statistics are carried out on the emergence rate, the seedling rate, the seed cotton yield, the single plant boll number, the boll weight, the clothes fraction and the pre-frost flower rate of each cotton field in the above examples, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
In the embodiment 1-2 provided by the invention, the direct-sown cotton variety is strictly controlled, meanwhile, the precision control is carried out during sowing, one hole is adopted, the actual sowing plant distance is adjusted to half of the preset plant distance of the variety, the sowing depth is controlled to be 2-3cm, and the indexes of seed cotton yield, single plant boll number, clothes mark and pre-frost flowering rate are also obviously improved while high emergence rate and high seedling rate are ensured. Not only eradicates the need of seedling and seed filling of the conventional sowing mode, saves seeds, but also improves the yield and reduces the cost.
Comparative example 1 the seeding rate per mu is 2.0kg, but as the conventional planting method is adopted, the soil layer after rotary tillage becomes loose, soil hardening is easily caused after rain in rainy seasons in the Hubei area, gaps are increased, the compactness is poor, the emergence rate of seeds only reaches 81%, the germinated seeds cannot be pricked into the soil, the lodging situation is increased, diseases are increased correspondingly compared with examples 1-2, the seedling rate in the later period is lower, only 72%, and the late period needs nearly 30% of reseeding.
Comparative example 2, despite the steps S1-S5 provided by the present invention, the planting distance of the sowing tray was not adjusted for the step S3, and the planting distance was equal to the preset planting distance of the variety, resulting in that the emergence rate and the seedling rate were not as good as those of examples 1 and 2, and the yield of seed cotton was also reduced. Both the clothes score and the blooming rate were inferior to those of examples 1 and 2.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for directly sowing cotton seedlings without films at a time is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: cotton field tillage: after the previous crops are harvested, the soil moisture is suitable for deep ploughing, and the ploughing depth is about 20-30 cm.
S2: selecting non-film direct-seeding cotton seeds;
s3: sowing: firstly, according to the planting density of the variety, adjusting the planting distance to be half of the preset planting distance of the variety, then starting mechanical precision seeding, 1 seed per hole, the seeding depth being 2-3cm, covering soil after seeding, pressing the field to be even and consistent, and observing soil moisture for seeding;
s4: after sowing, 60g of metolachlor and 20g of deltamethrin are applied to each mu for sealing and preventing cutworms;
s5: thinning and final singling.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the distance between the preset strains of the variety is 14.5-21.5 cm, and the distance between the adjusted sown strains is 7.25-10.75 cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said cotton field is sandy or loam.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the previous crop in the Jianghan plain cotton planting area where the film-free direct-seeded cotton is located is wheat or rape.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, full, intact and uniform cotton seeds are selected with a germination rate of greater than 90%.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the sowing time is a suitable sowing time in jianghan plain.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing machine in the step S3 is a multi-function sowing machine integrating rotary tillage, ditching, ridging, pressing, sowing and soil covering pressing.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the hardening is broken by intertilling in time after the seeding depending on the conditions of the seedling in rainy days.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113057082A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-07-02 | 石河子大学 | Green and efficient open field cotton cultivation method |
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