CN110121974A - A kind of construction method of the fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field - Google Patents
A kind of construction method of the fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field Download PDFInfo
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- CN110121974A CN110121974A CN201910440110.2A CN201910440110A CN110121974A CN 110121974 A CN110121974 A CN 110121974A CN 201910440110 A CN201910440110 A CN 201910440110A CN 110121974 A CN110121974 A CN 110121974A
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- soil
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- tobacco
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- flue
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of construction methods of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field, comprising the following steps: after crop sown in spring harvest, uniform broadcasting green manure seed；15~20 days before coming year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, under the conditions of soil moisture content 45%~70%, straw biological charcoal, EM bacteria agent, the corn stover of crushing and Special compound fertilizer for tobacco are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields into soil surface, various fertilizer are turned over together with green manure with whirler, the soil layer of the soil layer and 20~30cm of completing 0~20cm exchanges, while carrying out subsoiling to the soil layer of 30~40cm；2~3 days before flue-cured tobacco transplanting, site preparation ridging dig reservoir；The base manure pool is applied when transplanting, timely overlay film after cultivation；Along ridge face rupture of membranes when intertillage, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate are intertilled and imposed, is earthed up.Method of the invention effectively increases Red Soil Sloping Land carbon base in soil and microbial biomass, improves tobacco-growing soil physicochemical property, improves topsoil nutrient equilibrium level, soil enzymatic activities and microbial activity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of building side of the fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field
Method, specifically a kind of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field reconstructs and its cultivation method for matching.
Background technique
Tobacco is the Important Economic pillar industry in the main industrial crops in Yunnan Province and Yunnan, average annual cultivated area 600
Remaining ten thousand mu.In recent years, accelerate with tobacco planting to the trend that mountain area or secondary Suitable Area are shifted, there is an urgent need to reinforce to mountain soil
Earth is improved, and soil quality is promoted, and relatively suitable soil environment is provided for tobacco growth, and then promote quality of tobacco, evident
Aobvious " fresh and sweet fragrant profit " style and features.
Sloping upland generally refers to the farming geomorphic type between 6~25 °.The sloping upland in 70% or more China is all distributed at present
In southwest, the sloping upland area in 6 ° of Yunnan Province or more accounts for 75% of cultivated area or more, and wherein Red Soil Sloping Land is Yunnan
The important distribution region of industrial crops and plant of grain crops, summer is based on corn, flue-cured tobacco, potato crops.Long-term
Cultivating procedure in, due to serious " erosion of spring drought summer ", in addition artificial unreasonable farming and fertilizer application mode, Red Soil Sloping Land soil
The problems such as earth is acidified, carbon storehouse is insufficient, glutinous weight is hardened, beneficial microbe is reduced, plough sole shoals, soil erosion exacerbates flue-cured tobacco life
It is insufficient to educate later period liquid manure, root system early ageing, therefore the tobacco leaf produced is partially thin is stiff, and ingredient is uncoordinated, style is unobvious etc. asks
That inscribes is relatively universal.Farmland quality reduction and land use structure and layout are not reasonable, are easy to cause arable land, population and grain raw
Intensification of contradictions is produced, thus how to improve Red Soil Sloping Land topsoil quality and resistance control nutrient loss is to promote mountain farming sustainable
The key of development.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of construction methods of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field, to improve soil reason
Change character, balanced nutrient improves soil enzymatic activities, microbial biomass and microbial diversity, to promote tobacco production and value amount and inherent product
Matter shows that style and features lay the foundation.
The present invention is implemented as follows: a kind of construction method of the fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: broadcasting sowing leguminous green manure plant after crop sown in spring harvest；
Step 2: judging soil moisture content；
Step 3: straw biological charcoal, microbial bacterial agent, the corn stover of crushing, Special compound fertilizer for tobacco material are uniformly spread
It applies；
Step 4: being turned over green manure and other fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields, organic materials with rotary cultivator；
Step 5: preceding 2~3 days subsoilings of transplanting, broken upturned soil, ridging, dig reservoir；
Step 6: when transplanting, applying fertilizer to the subsoil, pour root water, overlay film；
Step 7: flue-cured tobacco prosperous growth phase rupture of membranes, top dressing, ridging.
Broadcasted sowing after crop sown in spring harvest in the step 1 green manure plant be Chinese milk vetch or Hairy vetch 4.0~
6.0kg/ mu.
In the step 2, judge soil moisture content within 15~20 days before coming year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, meet soil moisture content 45%~
70% is turned over.
In the step 3, straw biological charcoal is corn, wheat, flue-cured tobacco crop material charcoal, dosage be 100~
120kg/ mus, EM bacteria agent dosage is 2000~3000ml/ mus, dilutes 300 times, and cornstalk dosage is 200~300kg/ mus, cigarette
Careless special complex fertilizer dosage is 10~15kg/ mus.
In the step 4, various fertilizer and green manure deep ploughing are turned over rotary cultivator machine, complete the soil layer and 20 of 0~20cm
The soil layer of~30cm exchanges.
In the step 5, before transplanting 2~3 days with rotary cultivator to 30~40cm soil layer subsoiling, broken upturned soil ridging, ridge is high by 25
~30cm, then dig reservoir, the pool deep 15~20cm, the pool 30~40cm of diameter.
In the step 6, in flue-cured tobacco transplanting, apply fertilizer to the subsoil according to Dressing ratios 6:4, base fertilizer include well-rotted farmyard manure 600~
800kg/ mus, 20~25kg/ mus of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco；The pool 4~5L/ of root water is poured, timely overlay film after cultivation.
In the step 7, in flue-cured tobacco intertillage along ridge face rupture of membranes, along in ridge two sides, intertill and impose potassium nitrate 10~
15kg/ mus, 10~15kg/ mus of potassium sulfate, ridging.
The film is preferably black mulch film, thickness preferably >=0.01mm.
Currently preferred technical solution are as follows:
A. after crop sown in spring harvest, 4~6kg/ mus of uniform broadcasting green manure seed ploughs shallowly (15~20cm) with rotary cultivator
Broken upturned soil；
B. 15~20 days before coming year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, under the conditions of soil moisture content 45%~70%, by straw biological charcoal, EM
Microbial inoculum, the corn stover of crushing and Special compound fertilizer for tobacco mix and equably spread fertilizer over the fields soil surface, and straw biological charcoal is spread fertilizer over the fields
100~120kg/ mus of amount, 2000~3000ml/ mus of the EM bacteria agent amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields, 200~300kg/ of the corn stover amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of crushing
Mu, 10~15kg/ mus of the Special compound fertilizer for tobacco amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields；
C. various fertilizer are turned over rotary cultivator together with green manure, realizes the soil layer of 0~20cm and the soil of 20~30cm
Layer exchanges；
D. subsoiling is carried out with soil layer of the rotary cultivator to 30~40cm；
E. transplant preceding 2~3 days, progress site preparation ridging, ridge face upturned soil is fine crushing, ridge to along contour, row spacing 110~
120cm, the high 25~30cm in ridge；
F. dig reservoir, the pool deep 15~20cm, the cigarette pool 30~40cm of diameter；
Basal dressing when g. transplanting, mu apply 20~25kg/ mus of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco, 600~800kg/ of well-rotted farmyard manure
Mu, pour water 4~5kg on every pool, timely overlay film after cultivation；
H. when flue-cured tobacco is intertilled along moisture surface rupture of membranes, along in ridge two sides, then intertilling and impose 10~15kg/ mus of potassium nitrate,
10~15kg/ mus of potassium sulfate, ridging.
The EM bacteria agent applied in the step b be it is a kind of with plant lactobacillus, S. cervisiae, bacillus subtilis,
Bacillus licheniformis, the beneficial bacterium Biological compound preparation that enterococcus faecalis is dominant bacteria.
The step f farmyard manure is that barnyard manure is sufficiently decomposed.
The present invention reconstructs Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field topsoil, and vega soil pH value and aeration can be improved, and reduces
The soil weight.
Break plough sole after the fertile topsoil reconstruct of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field of the present invention, enhances the friendship of upper and lower level soil moisture
Transducing power, improves the ability of retaining and conserveing soil moisture, and is conducive to the early growth and quick tiller of tobacco seedlings.
Method of the invention can increase the Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field content of organic matter, promote the formation of soil agreegate and beneficial
The breeding of flora improves soil physical and chemical property and bioactivity, improves flue-cured tobacco-microorganism interaction, and then improve crop
Disease resistance.
Method of the invention can hinder control Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field soil erosion and leaching loss of nutrient, substantially increase Slope of Red Soil and plough
The sustainability that ground utilizes.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
1, this hair turn in green manure, straw-returning when carried out in certain soil moisture content range, and it is micro- to increase function
Biology and nitrogenous fertilizer, are conducive to the breeding of microorganism and the degradation of organic materials, supply nutrient in time for tobacco growth.
2, present invention application straw biological charcoal can reduce the soil weight and leaching loss of nutrient, increase carbon base in soil, microbe quantity
Amount and aggregate structure improve red soil pH value, and then improve nutrient availability.
3, rupture of membranes can not only hinder control soil erosion without taking off film when flue-cured tobacco cultivation and banking of the present invention, and soil temperature, root also can be improved
It is vigor and microbial activity.
4, the present invention proposes topsoil modification method for the arable land of this special nature of Red Soil Sloping Land, is Southwestern China
The sustainable use in area arable land, the especially sustainable use of standby cultivated land resource have high reference value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the implementation steps of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, specific implementation step of the invention is further described.Following embodiment is only used for more
Add the construction method for clearly demonstrating the fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land of the present invention, and cannot be used as a limitation and limit protection model of the invention
It encloses.
Embodiment 1
The present invention provides a kind of construction method of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field, step is as shown in Figure 1, specific step
It is rapid as described below:
Step 1: after crop sown in spring harvest, broadcasting sowing 4~6kg/ mus of leguminous plant Hairy vetch and make green manure, then with rotation
The machine of ploughing shallow plowing (15~20cm) broken upturned soil.
15~20 days before coming year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, soil moisture content is judged, under the conditions of soil moisture content 45%~70%, first will
Corn stalk powder is broken into 0.5~1.0cm partial size, is uniformly sprayed at crushing after 2000~3000ml of EM bacteria agent is diluted 300 times
In corn stover, 200~300kg/ mus of corn stover dosage, together with 100~120kg/ mus of cornstalk biological charcoal, tobacco is dedicated
It is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields after 10~15kg/ of compound fertilizer mus of mixing.
Various fertilizer are turned over rotary cultivator, 20~30cm of tilling depth together with pale reddish brown sweet potato, realizes the soil of 0~20cm
The soil layer of layer and 20~30cm exchanges.
Subsoiling is carried out with soil layer of the rotary cultivator to 30~40cm.
Transplanting first 2~3 days, with the broken upturned soil ridging of rotary cultivator, 110~120cm of row spacing, moisture surface is smooth and upturned soil is fine crushing, ridge to
Along contour, the high 25~30cm in ridge.
By the pool away from the quick lime fen-ting pool 50~55cm, the fixed pool is away from the ventilation and penetrating light rate for being conducive to improve flue-cured tobacco.Then
Dig reservoir, the cigarette pool deep 15~20cm, 30~40cm of diameter.
Small transplantation of seedlings under film, the pool is applied when base manure is transplanted, and mu applies 3.6~4.2kg of purity nitrogen, 600~800kg/ of well-rotted farmyard manure
Mu, pour water 4~5kg on every pool, timely overlay film after cultivation.
In flue-cured tobacco intertillage, the tools such as reaping hook impose nitric acid along the top dressing ridging behind ridge two sides, intertillage along ridge face rupture of membranes
10~15kg/ mus of potassium, 10~15kg/ mus of potassium sulfate.
In conclusion being only the specific embodiment of this practical invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, appoint
What belongs to those skilled in the art, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of, should all cover protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope in claims.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of construction method of the fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: broadcasting sowing leguminous green manure plant after crop sown in spring harvest；
Step 2: judging soil moisture content；
Step 3: straw biological charcoal, microbial bacterial agent, the corn stover of crushing, Special compound fertilizer for tobacco material are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields；
Step 4: being turned over green manure and other fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields, organic materials with rotary cultivator；
Step 5: preceding 2~3 days subsoilings of transplanting, broken upturned soil, ridging, dig reservoir；
Step 6: when transplanting, applying fertilizer to the subsoil, pour root water, overlay film；
Step 7: flue-cured tobacco prosperous growth phase rupture of membranes, top dressing, ridging.
2. a kind of construction method of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Broadcasting sowing green manure plant in step 1 after crop sown in spring harvest is Chinese milk vetch or 4.0~6.0kg/ mus of Hairy vetch.
3. a kind of construction method of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Judge soil moisture content within 15~20 days before coming year flue-cured tobacco transplanting in step 2, meets soil moisture content 45%~70% and turned over.
4. a kind of construction method of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
In step 3, straw biological charcoal is corn, wheat, flue-cured tobacco crop material charcoal, dosage are 100~120kg/ mus, and EM bacteria agent is used
Amount is 2000~3000ml/ mus, dilutes 300 times, and cornstalk dosage is 200~300kg/ mus, and Special compound fertilizer for tobacco dosage is
10~15kg/ mus.
5. a kind of construction method of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step 4 is turned over various fertilizer and green manure deep ploughing with rotary cultivator machine, and the soil layer for completing the soil layer and 20~30cm of 0~20cm is mutual
It changes.
6. a kind of construction method of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step 5 before transplanting 2~3 days with rotary cultivator to 30~40cm soil layer subsoiling, broken upturned soil ridging, the high 25~30cm in ridge, then dig reservoir,
The pool deep 15~20cm, the pool 30~40cm of diameter.
7. a kind of construction method of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step 6 applies fertilizer to the subsoil in flue-cured tobacco transplanting according to Dressing ratios 6:4, and base fertilizer includes 600~800kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manure, and tobacco is special
With 20~25kg/ of compound fertilizer mus；The pool 4~5L/ of root water is poured, timely overlay film after cultivation.
8. a kind of construction method of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step 7 when flue-cured tobacco is intertilled along ridge face rupture of membranes, along in ridge two sides, intertilling and impose 10~15kg/ mus of potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate 10~
15kg/ mus, ridging.
9. according to claim 1 in -8 a kind of any fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field construction method, feature
It is, the corn stover partial size≤1.0cm, the film is black mulch film, thickness >=0.01mm.
10. a kind of construction method of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps:
A. after crop sown in spring harvest, 4~6kg/ mus of uniform broadcasting green manure seed, with the rotary cultivator shallow plowing broken upturned soil of 15~20cm；
B. 15~20 days before coming year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, under the conditions of soil moisture content 45%~70%, by straw biological charcoal, EM bacterium
Agent, the corn stover of crushing and Special compound fertilizer for tobacco mix and equably spread fertilizer over the fields soil surface, the straw biological charcoal amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields
100~120kg/ mus, 2000~3000ml/ mus of the EM bacteria agent amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields, 200~300kg/ mus of the corn stover amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of crushing,
10~15kg/ mus of the Special compound fertilizer for tobacco amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields；Straw biological charcoal includes corn, wheat, flue-cured tobacco crop, EM bacteria agent dilution
300 times uniformly spray in the corn stover of crushing, and 10~15kg/ mus of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco, the corn stover partial size≤
1.0cm；
C. various fertilizer are turned over rotary cultivator together with green manure, realizes that the soil layer of the soil layer and 20~30cm of 0~20cm is mutual
It changes；
D. subsoiling is carried out with soil layer of the rotary cultivator to 30~40cm；
E. it transplants first 2~3 days, carries out site preparation ridging, ridge face upturned soil is fine crushing, and ridge is to along contour, 110~120cm of row spacing, ridge height
25~30cm；
F. dig reservoir, the pool deep 15~20cm, the cigarette pool 30~40cm of diameter；
Basal dressing when g. transplanting, mu apply 20~25kg/ mus of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco, and 600~800kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manure, every pool
Pour water 4~5kg, covers black mulch film after cultivation in time；Black mulch film thickness >=0.01mm；
H. it then intertills along in ridge two sides along moisture surface rupture of membranes when flue-cured tobacco is intertilled and imposes 10~15kg/ mus of potassium nitrate, sulfuric acid
10~15kg/ mus of potassium, ridging.
11. a kind of construction method of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field according to claim 10, which is characterized in that institute
Stating the EM bacteria agent in step b is one kind with plant lactobacillus, S. cervisiae, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, excrement intestines
Coccus is the beneficial bacterium Biological compound preparation of dominant bacteria；Farmyard manure in the step g is that barnyard manure is sufficiently decomposed.
12. a kind of construction method of fertile topsoil of Red Soil Sloping Land tobacco field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps
Step 1: after crop sown in spring harvest, broadcasting sowing 4~6kg/ mus of leguminous plant Hairy vetch and make green manure, then use rotary cultivator
The shallow plowing broken upturned soil of 15~20cm；
15~20 days before coming year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, soil moisture content is judged, under the conditions of soil moisture content 45%~70%, first by corn
Stalk is ground into 0.5~1.0cm partial size, and the corn of crushing is uniformly sprayed at after 2000~3000ml of EM bacteria agent is diluted 300 times
On stalk, 200~300kg/ mus of corn stover dosage, together with 100~120kg/ mus of cornstalk biological charcoal, tobacco specific complex
It is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields after 10~15kg/ mus of fertilizer mixings；
Various fertilizer are turned over rotary cultivator, 20~30cm of tilling depth together with pale reddish brown sweet potato, realizes the soil layer and 20 of 0~20cm
The soil layer of~30cm exchanges；
Subsoiling is carried out with soil layer of the rotary cultivator to 30~40cm；
Transplanting first 2~3 days, with the broken upturned soil ridging of rotary cultivator, 110~120cm of row spacing, moisture surface is smooth and upturned soil is fine crushing, ridge to along etc.
High line, the high 25~30cm in ridge；
By the pool away from the quick lime fen-ting pool 50~55cm, the fixed pool is away from the ventilation and penetrating light rate for being conducive to improve flue-cured tobacco；Then dig reservoir,
The cigarette pool deep 15~20cm, 30~40cm of diameter；
Small transplantation of seedlings under film, the pool is applied when base manure is transplanted, and mu applies 3.6~4.2kg of purity nitrogen, and 600~800kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manure, often
Pour water 4~5kg on the pool, timely overlay film after cultivation；
In flue-cured tobacco intertillage, the tools such as reaping hook impose potassium nitrate 10 along the top dressing ridging behind ridge two sides, intertillage along ridge face rupture of membranes
~15kg/ mus, 10~15kg/ mus of potassium sulfate.
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| CN110915344A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-03-27 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所(贵州省生态农业工程技术研究中心)(贵州省农业资源与环境研究所) | Method for improving decomposition rate of yellow soil dry land green manure crops |
| CN111328491A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-26 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for improving tobacco planting soil acidity and fertilizing by reconstructing plough layer |
| CN111373896A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-07 | 江西省红壤研究所 | Method for constructing reasonable plough layer of red soil slope farmland |
| CN111386784A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-10 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Soil improvement method suitable for tobacco field in south |
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| CN111373896A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-07 | 江西省红壤研究所 | Method for constructing reasonable plough layer of red soil slope farmland |
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