CN110612865A - Intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method for watermelons, cassava and sweet potatoes - Google Patents
Intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method for watermelons, cassava and sweet potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and discloses a planting method for intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation of watermelons, cassava and sweet potatoes, which comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation and fertilizing and ridging; (2) planting watermelon and cassava in the middle and last ten days of 3 months; (3) performing conventional field management; (4) harvesting the watermelon from late 6 to middle 7; (5) after the watermelon is harvested in 7 months, topdressing the cassava; (6) interplanting vetch for 9-10 months; (7) harvesting cassava from 11 last ten days to the next 1 month: (8) according to the planting arrangement of the year, the number of the sweet potatoes is increased by 20-30 days in advance in 1-2 months in the next year. According to the method, through reasonable layout, watermelons are interplanted in the early growth stage of cassava, and the green manure crops are inserted in one season in good time after the watermelons are harvested, so that the economic benefit of unit area is improved, the continuous cropping obstacle of the watermelons is avoided, the combination of land use and soil cultivation is realized, and the sustainable development of the cassava and the watermelons is coordinated. The method is simple to operate, and is particularly suitable for large-area popularization in multiple provinces in south China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a planting method for intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation of watermelons, cassava and sweet potatoes.
Background
Cassava, sweet potatoes and potatoes are called as three potato crops in the world, are the most important carbon source food crops after rice, sugarcane and corn in tropical and subtropical regions, and root tubers of the cassava provide grains for more than 6 billion population in the world, are widely used in the industries of starch, feed, food, medicine, paper making, alcohol, textile and the like in China, and are extremely important biological energy crops. According to the requirement of guaranteeing the grain safety, the cassava planting area in China is estimated to be expanded to 100 million hectares in the future 5-10 years, the annual total output is 4000 million tons, the current planting area is about 50 million hectares, the total output is about 800 million tons, and the planting area and the single-yield level can not meet the development requirement of the domestic cassava industry. However, as a new industry, the development still faces a lot of uncertainties, wherein the most important uncertainty represents that the cassava planting benefit is low, the average yield level of cassava in China is 16-20 tons/hectare, the yield per mu is less than 1000 yuan, and the development of the cassava industry is severely restricted by the low planting benefit.
The cassava is generally planted in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, harvested from the middle and last ten days of 11 months to 1 month of the next year, the growth period is 8-10 months, the growth speed of the cassava in the seedling period is slow (about 60 days after planting), the root formation period is 70-90 days after planting, the leaves are yellow and begin to drop off in large quantities generally in the last ten days of 11 months, and the photosynthesis of the plants is weakened, so that crops with good economic benefits are selected for reasonable intercropping or interplanting in the early growth period and the later growth period of the cassava, the comprehensive benefits of the land are fully played, the utilization efficiency of photo-thermal resources in unit area is improved, the planting income is increased, and the formation of a reasonable intercropping and relay intercropping mode of the cassava is a technical.
The watermelon belongs to annual vine, is transplanted and planted in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, can be harvested from the end of 6 months to the middle of 7 months, has short growth period, and the yield per mu can reach 3000 plus 4000 kg, has good economic benefit, but avoids continuous cropping which can lead the occurrence of disease and insect pests and seriously harm the yield and quality, and simultaneously has large row spacing of the watermelon, and has low utilization efficiency of photo-thermal resources on the land in the early growth period, so that proper crops and the watermelon are selected for reasonable interplanting and crop rotation, on one hand, the photo-thermal resources on the land are fully utilized, on the other hand, the continuous cropping obstacle of the watermelon can be reduced, and the sustainable production capacity of the watermelon planting land is finally improved.
Vetch is a common leguminous green manure crop in dry land, is planted in the middle and last ten days of 9-10 months in southern province, is turned over and pressed to return to the field in 1-2 months in the next year, has the fresh grass yield of 3-5000 kg/mu, can fix nitrogen in the air as the leguminous green manure, can provide 4-5 kg of pure nitrogen for 1000 kg of fresh grass generally, and is a good green manure crop for intercropping and crop rotation.
Therefore, the invention provides a planting method for intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation of watermelons, cassava and sweet potatoes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method for watermelons, cassava and sweet potatoes, which improves the comprehensive economic benefit of a cassava planting field, reduces continuous cropping obstacles of the cassava field, and maintains the continuous production capacity of soil of a cassava-watermelon intercropping system so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a watermelon, cassava and sweet potato intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land arrangement and fertilizing and ridging: deeply ploughing and leveling soil, digging a watermelon fertilizing ditch, applying a base fertilizer in the ditch, taking the watermelon fertilizing ditch as a center to form a watermelon planting bed, firstly opening a cassava fertilizing ditch at the center position between two watermelon beds, respectively opening fertilizing ditches at the same distance from two sides by taking the ditch as the center, uniformly spreading the cassava base fertilizer in 3 ditches, taking the first cassava fertilizing ditch as the center, and forming the cassava planting bed;
(2) interplanting of watermelon and cassava: covering an agricultural film on the surface of a watermelon ridge in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, puncturing the agricultural film at the center of the surface of the watermelon ridge according to the plant spacing of 2.0-2.5m, planting prepared watermelon seedlings in a single row, watering enough planting water, opening a cassava planting row ditch at the center of the surface of the cassava planting ridge in the same period, opening two cassava planting row ditches at the same distance from two sides by taking the ditch as the center, and placing cassava seed stems in parallel with the orientation of the planting ditches;
(3) field management: weeds are removed at any time, the watermelon is prevented and treated for plant diseases and insect pests in time, and the watermelon is watered reasonably according to the rainwater condition in the current year;
(4) harvesting watermelons: harvesting the watermelon from the late 6 th to the early 7 th of the month, and immediately cutting off the root of the watermelon after harvesting;
(5) cassava topdressing and field management: after the watermelon is harvested in 7 months, topdressing a compound fertilizer by cassava; other field management is normal;
(6) interplanting vetch: after ploughing and leveling the watermelon bed harvested in the early stage and being 50cm away from the cassava bed in 9-10 months, sowing seeds of the vetch uniformly when the soil moisture is appropriate, and growing the vetch naturally after 5-7 days without applying fertilizer in the whole growing period;
(7) harvesting cassava: harvesting cassava root tubers according to actual conditions from late 11 th ten days to the next 1 month, and chopping the overground parts of the cassava root tubers to return the cassava roots to the field;
(8) and (4) turning over and pressing the sweet potatoes: mechanically pressing the seeds 20-30 days in advance according to the planting arrangement of the year in 1-2 months in the next year.
As a further scheme of the invention: the watermelon is black beauty, flower kylin, small Fugu or Guixi melon No. 3.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (1), the depth of the watermelon fertilizing ditch is 38-42cm, and the fertilizing standard of the watermelon fertilizing ditch is 60-70 kg of compound fertilizer and 250-300 kg of organic fertilizer per mu.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (1), the width of the watermelon planting ridge is 55-60cm, and the distance between two watermelon ridges is 3.0-3.5 m.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (1), the depth of the cassava fertilization ditches is 50-60cm, the distance between the two cassava fertilization ditches is 50-60cm, and the fertilization standards of the cassava fertilization ditches are 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer and 250-300 kg of organic fertilizer per mu.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (1), the width of the ridge surface of the cassava planting ridge is 1.4-1.5m, and the cassava planting ridge is arranged at a position 70-75cm away from the two sides of the first cassava fertilizing ditch.
As a further scheme of the invention: the planting density of the watermelons is 70-90 plants/mu, and the stem density of the cassava seeds is 400-450 plants/mu.
The steps are taken as a further scheme of the invention: in the step (2), the distance between the cassava planting rows and the ditches is 68-72cm, and the depth of the ditches is 25-30 cm.
The steps are taken as a further scheme of the invention: in the step (5), topdressing is carried out on the compound fertilizer by cassava according to 15-20 kg per mu.
The steps are taken as a further scheme of the invention: in the step (6), sowing seeds of the vetch uniformly according to 2-2.5 kg per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: through reasonable layout, watermelons are planted in the early growth stage of cassava, and green manure crops are inserted into the watermelons in a proper time after the watermelons are harvested, so that the economic benefit per unit area is improved, the continuous cropping obstacle of the watermelons is avoided, the combination of land use and soil cultivation is realized, and the sustainable development of the cassava and the watermelons is coordinated. The method is simple to operate, and the cassava is a biological energy crop with wide application, and is suitable for large-area planting in multiple provinces in south China; in the mature period of the watermelon, the market demand is large in summer with high temperature, so that the planting scheme disclosed by the invention has universal applicability and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In 2015, watermelon, cassava and vetch are intercropped and crop rotation in Guangxi Nanning city, Wuming area, town and Guangchun according to the following method. The watermelon variety is black beauty.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) land arrangement and fertilizing and ridging: the method comprises the steps of deeply ploughing and leveling soil, digging a watermelon ditch with the depth of about 40cm, applying base fertilizer in the watermelon ditch according to the standard of 60 kg of compound fertilizer and 250 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, taking the watermelon fertilizing ditch as a center to form a watermelon ridge with the width of 60cm, wherein the distance between the two watermelon ridges is 3.5m, opening a first cassava fertilizing ditch at the center position between the two watermelon ridges, and additionally opening two fertilizing ditches at the positions of 60cm on two sides by taking the ditch as the center to form 3 cassava fertilizing ditches. And applying a base fertilizer in the cassava furrows according to the standard of 15 kg of compound fertilizer and 250 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, taking the first fertilizing furrow as the center, and setting cassava planting furrows at the positions of 75cm on two sides, wherein the width of the furrow surface is 1.5 m.
(2) Planting watermelons and cassava: covering an agricultural film on the surface of a watermelon ridge within 3 months and 20 days, puncturing the agricultural film at a plant spacing of 2.0m, planting prepared watermelon seedlings in a single row, watering sufficient planting water, wherein the planting density of the watermelon is 90 plants/mu, forming cassava planting ditches at the center positions of the surfaces of the cassava planting ridges in the same period, respectively forming cassava planting ditches at the positions of 70cm on two sides by taking the cassava planting ditches as the center, forming 3 rows of cassava planting ditches, wherein the depth of the ditches is 25-30cm, arranging cassava seed stems in a direction parallel to the planting ditches, the density is 450 plants/mu, and then covering soil.
(3) Field management: weeds are removed at any time, the watermelon is prevented and treated for plant diseases and insect pests in time, and the watermelon is watered reasonably according to the rainwater condition in the current year;
(4) harvesting watermelons: the watermelon is harvested in 30 days in 6 months, and the roots of the watermelon are cut off immediately after the watermelon is harvested.
(5) Cassava topdressing and field management: after the watermelon is harvested in 15 days after 7 months, topdressing compound fertilizer by cassava according to 15 kg per mu; other field management is as usual.
(6) Interplanting vetch: after the watermelon beds harvested in the early stage are ploughed and leveled for 9 months and 20 days, sowing seeds of the vetch uniformly according to 2 kilograms per mu outside the distance of 50cm from the cassava rows, and naturally growing when the soil moisture content is proper.
(7) Harvesting cassava: in 2 days 12 months, cassava tubers are harvested, and the overground parts of the cassava tubers are chopped and returned to the field.
(8) And (4) turning over and pressing the sweet potatoes: according to the planting arrangement of the year, the vetch is turned over and pressed in advance in the next 1 month and 13 days.
Example 2
In 2016, the culture of watermelon, cassava and sweet potato in the fixed purple sweet outer village in Wuming county, south-Heart-Yangtze City, Guangxi, according to the following method. The watermelon variety is kylin watermelon.
The planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land arrangement and fertilizing and ridging: deeply ploughing and leveling soil, digging a watermelon ditch with the depth of 45cm, applying base fertilizer in the watermelon ditch according to the standard of 60 kg of compound fertilizer and 300 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, taking the watermelon fertilizing ditch as a center to form a watermelon ridge with the width of 60cm, wherein the distance between the two watermelon ditches is 3.8m, opening a first cassava fertilizing ditch at the center position between the two watermelon ridges, and additionally opening two fertilizing ditches at the positions of 55cm on two sides by taking the ditch as the center, wherein 3 cassava fertilizing ditches are formed. And applying a base fertilizer in the cassava furrows according to the standard of 15 kg of compound fertilizer and 300 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, taking the first fertilizing furrow as the center, and setting cassava planting furrows at the positions of 70cm on two sides, wherein the width of the furrow surface is 1.4 m.
(2) Planting watermelons and cassava: covering an agricultural film on the surface of a watermelon ridge in 28 days after 3 months, puncturing the agricultural film at a plant spacing of 2.5m, planting the prepared watermelon seedlings in a single row, watering sufficient planting water, wherein the planting density of the watermelon is 80 plants/mu, placing cassava seed stems in the cassava planting furrows according to a standard of 80cm plant spacing at the same period, and covering soil, wherein the density is 420 plants/mu.
(3) Field management: weeds are removed at any time, the watermelon is prevented and treated for plant diseases and insect pests in time, and the watermelon is watered reasonably according to the rainwater condition in the current year;
(4) harvesting watermelons: the watermelon is harvested in 5 days after 7 months, and the root of the watermelon is cut off immediately after the watermelon is harvested.
(5) Cassava topdressing and field management: after the watermelon is harvested in 25 days in 7 months, topdressing the compound fertilizer by cassava according to 20 kg per mu; other field management is as usual.
(6) Interplanting vetch: and after ploughing and leveling the watermelon ridges harvested in the early stage for 10 months and 9 days, uniformly sowing seeds of the vetch at a distance of 50cm from the cassava rows according to 2 kilograms per mu, and naturally growing the vetch when the soil moisture content is proper.
(7) Harvesting cassava: 12 months and 20 days, harvesting cassava root tuber, and chopping the overground part of the cassava root tuber to return to the field.
(8) And (4) turning over and pressing the sweet potatoes: according to the planting arrangement of the year, the vetch is turned over and pressed in advance in the next 1 month and 26 days.
Comparative example 1
Only cassava is planted. Planting in 3 months and 20 days, wherein the planting density is 800 plants/mu. The management is carried out according to a conventional method.
Comparative example 2
The watermelon and the cassava are intercropped, and sweet potatoes are not planted. Covering an agricultural film on the surface of a watermelon ridge within 3 months and 20 days, puncturing the agricultural film at a plant spacing of 2.0m, planting the prepared watermelon seedlings in a single row, watering enough planting water, wherein the planting density of the watermelon is 90 plants/mu, and meanwhile, placing cassava seed stems in the cassava planting furrows according to the standard of the plant spacing of 70-75cm, wherein the density is 450 plants/mu. The rest is managed by a conventional method.
Table 1: comparative analysis of benefit of various planting modes
Table 2: variation trend of soil nutrient content in different planting modes
It is further demonstrated through tables 1 and 2 that by means of the reasonable layout of the technical scheme, watermelons are interplanted in the early growth stage of cassava, and green manure crops are timely inserted into the watermelons after the watermelons are harvested, so that the economic benefit per unit area is improved, the continuous cropping obstacle of the watermelons is avoided, the combination of land and cultivation land is realized, and the sustainable development of the cassava and the watermelons is coordinated. The method of the invention has simple operation, and is especially suitable for large-area popularization in multiple provinces in south China
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A watermelon, cassava and sweet potato intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land arrangement and fertilizing and ridging: deeply ploughing and leveling soil, digging a watermelon fertilizing ditch, applying a base fertilizer in the ditch, taking the watermelon fertilizing ditch as a center to form a watermelon planting bed, firstly opening a cassava fertilizing ditch at the center position between two watermelon beds, respectively opening another fertilizing ditch at the same distance from two sides by taking the ditch as the center, uniformly spreading cassava base fertilizer in 3 ditches, taking a first cassava fertilizing ditch as the center, and forming the cassava planting bed;
(2) interplanting of watermelon and cassava: covering an agricultural film on the surface of a watermelon ridge in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, puncturing the agricultural film at the center of the surface of the watermelon ridge according to the plant spacing of 2.0-2.5m, planting prepared watermelon seedlings in a single row, watering enough planting water, opening a cassava planting row ditch at the center of the surface of the cassava planting ridge in the same period, opening two cassava planting row ditches at the same distance from two sides by taking the ditch as the center, and placing cassava seed stems in parallel with the orientation of the planting ditches;
(3) field management: weeds are removed at any time, the watermelon is prevented and treated for plant diseases and insect pests in time, and the watermelon is watered reasonably according to the rainwater condition in the current year;
(4) harvesting watermelons: harvesting the watermelon from the late 6 th to the early 7 th of the month, and immediately cutting off the root of the watermelon after harvesting;
(5) cassava topdressing and field management: after the watermelon is harvested in 7 months, topdressing a compound fertilizer by cassava; other field management is normal;
(6) interplanting vetch: after ploughing and leveling the watermelon bed harvested in the early stage and being 50cm away from the cassava bed in 9-10 months, sowing seeds of the vetch uniformly when the soil moisture is appropriate, and growing the vetch naturally after 5-7 days without applying fertilizer in the whole growing period;
(7) harvesting cassava: harvesting cassava root tubers according to actual conditions from late 11 th ten days to the next 1 month, and chopping the overground parts of the cassava root tubers to return the cassava roots to the field;
(8) and (4) turning over and pressing the sweet potatoes: mechanically pressing the seeds 20-30 days in advance according to the planting arrangement of the year in 1-2 months in the next year.
2. The intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method of watermelons, cassava and vetch according to claim 1, wherein the varieties of watermelons are black beauty, kylin, small Fuxi or Guixi melon No. 3.
3. The intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method of the watermelons, the cassava and the vetch as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the depth of the fertilization ditch of the watermelons is 38-42cm, and the fertilization standard of the fertilization ditch of the watermelons is 60-70 kilograms of compound fertilizer and 250-300 kilograms of organic fertilizer per mu.
4. The intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method of the watermelons, the cassava and the sweet potatoes, which is disclosed by claim 3, is characterized in that in the step (1), the width of each watermelon planting ridge is 55-60cm, and the distance between every two watermelon ridges is 3.0-3.5 m.
5. The intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method of the watermelons, the cassava and the vetches as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the cassava fertilizing furrows are 50-60cm deep, the distance between the two cassava fertilizing furrows is 50-60cm, and the fertilizing standards of the cassava fertilizing furrows are 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer and 250-300 kg of organic fertilizer per mu.
6. The intercropping, interplanting and rotation planting method of the watermelons, the cassava and the sweet potato according to claim 1 or 5, wherein in the step (1), the width of the ridge surface of the cassava planting ridge is 1.4-1.5m, and the cassava planting ridge is started at the position of 70-75cm from the center of the first cassava fertilizing groove.
7. The intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method of watermelons, cassava and sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting density of watermelons is 70-90 plants/mu, and the seed stem density of cassava is 400-450 plants/mu.
8. The planting method of the watermelon, the cassava and the sweet potato in the field, the sleeve and the crop rotation according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the distance between the cassava planting furrows is 68-72cm, and the furrow depth is 25-30 cm.
9. The intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method of the watermelons, the cassava and the sweet potatoes according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the cassava is additionally applied with the compound fertilizer according to 15-20 kg per mu.
10. The intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method of the watermelons, the cassava and the sweet potato according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the sweet potato seeds are uniformly sown according to 2-2.5 kg per mu.
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