CN108243873B - Peanut and corn belt crop rotation cultivation method - Google Patents
Peanut and corn belt crop rotation cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for peanut and corn belt crop rotation with balanced production increase and efficiency increase, wherein peanuts and corns are in belt shape according to a proper row ratioThe planting is carried out in an alternate mode, the remarkable side-row advantages of the corns and the nitrogen fixation effect of the peanut nodules are fully utilized, and the utilization rate of natural resources such as light, heat, water, fertilizer, soil, gas and the like is improved to the maximum extent by the formed new crop composite group. The method adopts a 6-row peanut and 6-row corn or 4-row peanut and 6-row corn planting mode, the row spacing of the peanuts and the corn is 60cm, and the planting density of the peanuts is 16.5 ten thousand holes/hm2The planting density of the corn is 7.5 ten thousand plants/hm29.0 ten thousand plants/hm21 seed is sowed in each hole. The land equivalence ratio is more than 1, namely the yield of intercropping is higher than that of single planted corn, wherein the land equivalence ratio in a 4:6 mode is the highest and is 1.17, so that the yield of the corn is basically not reduced, and the yield of the peanuts in one season is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation in the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for peanut and corn band crop rotation.
Background
Peanuts are important economic crops and oil crops in China, are important edible vegetable oil and edible protein sources, and bear a great mission for guaranteeing the safety of edible vegetable oil in China, increasing agricultural income and improving the efficiency of farmers. Peanuts are also main crops in Jilin province, the development speed is high in recent years, the planting area is increased from 782 ten thousand mu in the period of 'seventy five' to 3888 ten thousand mu in the period of 'twelve five', and the average increase is 4.97 times; the average yield per mu is increased from 112 kilograms to 203 kilograms in the same period, and the average yield is increased by 1.81 times. Corn is a main grain crop in Jilin province, and the planting area of the corn in the whole year is 5500 ten thousand mu. The perennial planting area of the peanuts is about 300 ten thousand mu.
At present, the main ridge culture modes of peanuts are as follows: performing equal-row-spacing ridge culture, and performing large-ridge double-row culture and large-ridge three-row culture; the main ridge culture modes of the corn are as follows: and (5) performing ridge culture at equal row spacing. At present, the yield of peanuts per mu is 266.67 kg-333.33 kg, the yield of corns per mu is 490 kg-533 kg, and the land utilization rate and the yield of peanuts and corns are to be improved, so a new cultivation method needs to be developed to improve the land utilization rate, stabilize grains, increase oil, increase yield and increase efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a peanut and corn belt crop rotation cultivation method for achieving the purposes of fertilizing land capability, improving land utilization rate, stabilizing grains, increasing oil, increasing yield and increasing efficiency. According to the method, the peanuts and the corns are planted in a belt-shaped alternate mode at a proper row ratio, the remarkable side row advantages of the corns and the nitrogen fixation effect of the peanut nodules are fully utilized, the formed new crop composite group improves the utilization rate of natural resources such as light, heat, water, fertilizer, soil, gas and the like to the maximum extent, and the method is a planting mode suitable for mechanical operation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a peanut and corn belt crop rotation cultivation method comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, fertilization, sowing and field management, wherein the sowing step adopts a 6-row peanut and 6-row corn planting mode or a 4-row peanut and 6-row corn planting mode.
Further, in the sowing step, the row spacing of the peanuts and the row spacing of the corns are both 60cm, and the planting density of the peanuts is 16.5 ten thousand holes/hm2The planting density of the corn is 7.5 ten thousand plants/hm29.0 ten thousand plants/hm21 seed is sowed in each hole. The row spacing and the dosage of the herbicide are adjusted according to the planting specification, and the sowing, the earthing, the suppression, the herbicide spraying, the film covering and the soil covering on the film are completed at one time.
Further, the cultivation method of peanut and corn belt crop rotation comprises the following steps: selecting the land blocks which are convenient to transport, have light soil or sandy loam as soil, have deep soil layers, fertile cultivated layers and flat topography.
Further, the cultivation method of peanut and corn belt crop rotation comprises the following steps of land preparation: the ploughing depth is 25 cm-30 cm, and the rotary tillage plow harrow is used for leveling along with the ploughed land, so that the ploughed land is deep, loose, fine, broken and flat, has no weed, has no front root stubble and forms ridges in time.
Further, in the step of land preparation, deep ploughing is carried out once every 2 years, and the plough bottom layer is broken, so that the water and fertilizer storage capacity of the soil is improved.
Further, the peanut and corn belt crop rotation cultivation method comprises the following fertilizing steps:
fertilizing peanuts:
the land preparation and ridging are combined every 666.7m2Applying 2000 kg-3000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 6.5 kg-9.5 kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) at one time2O5)4.7 kg-6.2 kg of potassium (K)2O)6.0kg～7.5kg；
Fertilizing the corn:
the land preparation and ridging are combined every 666.7m22000 kg-3000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure and phosphorus (P) are applied at one time2O5)6.5 kg-7.4 kg of potassium (K)2O)6.0kg to 7.4 kg; each 666.7m2Applying 12.5 kg-13.3 kg of nitrogen (N), using 2/3 of nitrogen as base fertilizer and 1/3 of nitrogen as additional fertilizer.
Further, the cultivation method of peanut and corn belt crop rotation comprises the following sowing steps:
(1) variety selection
The peanuts are selected from medium-early-maturing upright varieties which have good shade resistance, strong stress resistance, large yield-increasing potential and excellent quality and are approved or identified by provincial or national crop varieties;
selecting a high-yield medium-late-maturing variety of corn which has short stem height, compact plant type, barren resistance, strong drought resistance and strong disease resistance and is approved or identified by provincial or national crop variety approval committees;
(2) seed treatment
The peanuts are sunned for 2d to 3d before husking, husked for 7d to 10d before sowing, and deinsectization, bud removal and rotten fruit are carried out during husking; after husking, selecting first-grade or second-grade seeds for sowing, and after coating with a seed coating agent special for peanuts, sowing;
the corn is coated by the special seed coating agent for the corn and then sown, or the coated seed is directly selected;
(3) seeding
The average ground temperature of 5cm per day of peanut is stabilized at above 15 deg.C, wherein the large peanut is stabilized at above 15 deg.C, the small peanut is stabilized at above 12 deg.C, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and the peanut length is 666.7m2The seed consumption is 10 kg-15 kg;
the average ground temperature of 5cm per day of corn is stabilized above 8 ℃ for sowing, the sowing depth is 3 cm-5 cm, the relative water content of soil during sowing is 60% -70%, and the corn is sown at a rate of 666.7m2The amount of the fertilizer is 2 kg-3 kg.
Further, the cultivation method of peanut and corn belt crop rotation comprises the following steps of field management:
when the peanuts are basically flush, soil piles on the film are timely removed into furrows, the seeds are timely reseeded at the positions with holes, and side branches under the mulching film are timely pulled out before blooming in the four-leaf period;
spraying a growth regulator once when the height of the main stem reaches 35cm at the initial pod bearing stage of the peanut, and controlling once again after the pesticide is applied for 10 days to 15 days and the height of the main stem exceeds 40 cm;
and spraying a growth regulator to perform one-time chemical control treatment in the leaf expanding period of 8-9 corns.
Further, the cultivation method of peanut and corn belt crop rotation further comprises the steps of harvesting and airing, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when 65% of peanuts are hardened and have clear reticulate patterns and the inner walls of the shells are brownish and bluish color spots, harvesting in time by using a peanut sectional harvester; removing impurities and airing in time after harvesting, and reducing the water content of the pods to below 9%; harvesting the corn 7 d-10 d after the corn is physiologically matured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the peanut and corn belt crop rotation cultivation method provided by the invention, a peanut-corn row number ratio mode adopts 6:6 or 4:6, the land equivalence ratio is more than 1, namely the intercropping yield and income are higher than those of single-planted corn, wherein the land equivalence ratio in the 4:6 mode is the highest and is 1.17, the corn yield is basically not reduced, the yield of the corn is increased by one season, the peanut yield and the total yield of the peanut and corn can be effectively improved, and the peanut and corn belt crop rotation cultivation method has important significance for ensuring the safety of grain and oil and promoting the income increase of farmers.
The peanut and corn strip crop rotation cultivation method provided by the invention fully utilizes the remarkable side-row advantages of the corn and the nitrogen fixation effect of the peanut nodules to form a new crop composite group, and the utilization rate of natural resources such as light, heat, water, fertilizer, soil, gas and the like is improved to the maximum extent. In addition, the corn and the peanut absorb various nutrients from the soil in different quantities and proportions, the corn absorbs more nitrogen and silicon and absorbs less calcium; the peanuts absorb a large amount of calcium, and the amount of absorbed silicon is very small, so that the two crops are alternately planted, the balanced utilization of soil nutrients can be ensured, the consumption of the peanuts on one side is avoided, the contradictions of soil fertility reduction, peanut pest and disease aggravation and grain and oil land competition caused by continuous cropping of the peanuts are effectively solved, and the purposes of fertility improvement, land utilization rate improvement, grain stabilization, oil increment, yield increase and efficiency increase are achieved.
The peanut and corn belt crop rotation cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantage that the peanut yield is 1068.38kg/hm during autumn harvest2～1286.00kg/hm2The corn yield is 5440.60kg/hm2～9314.00kg/hm2The total income is 14280.28 yuan to 26632.40 yuan, the economic benefit is calculated by market acquisition prices of 2014 to 2015 (4.2 yuan/kg to 5.5 yuan/kg of peanut pods and 1.8 yuan/kg to 2.1 yuan/kg of corn kernels), the income is increased by 1076.64 yuan to 1222.40 yuan compared with that of peanut single crop, and is increased by 1417.21 yuan to 4714.70 yuan compared with that of corn single crop, and the ecological benefit and the economic benefit are very high.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the planting pattern of examples 1 and 2 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a planting method in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention and the scope of the present invention shall include the full scope of the claims but not be limited thereto. The application amount of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is the element purity of the fertilization.
Example 1
The planting test base is in the surplus city of Jilin province, and the land blocks which are convenient to transport, have light soil or sandy loam as soil, have deep soil layers, fertile plough layers and flat topography are selected.
The specific sowing method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: the ploughing depth is 25cm, the rotary tillage plow harrow is used for leveling along with ploughing, and the purposes of depth, loosening, fineness, crushing, flattening, no weed, no front stubble and timely ridging are achieved.
(2) Fertilizing peanuts: the land preparation and ridging are combined every 666.7m2Applying 2500kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 7.5kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) at one time2O5)5.2kg, Potassium (K)2O)6.5 kg; fertilizing the corn: the land preparation and ridging are combined every 666.7m2Applying 2500kg of high-quality farmyard manure and phosphorus (P) at one time2O5)5.2kg, Potassium (K)2O)6.5 kg; each 666.7m213.0kg of nitrogen (N) is applied, and the nitrogen 2/3 is used as a base fertilizer and the nitrogen 1/3 is used as an additional fertilizer.
(3) Variety selection
The peanut is selected from flos gigantei 19.
Corn is selected for first-crop 335.
(4) Seed treatment
The peanuts are planted in the sun for 3d before husking and husked for 8d before sowing, deinsectization, bud removal and fruit rot are carried out during husking, first-grade seeds are selected for sowing after husking, and the seeds are sowed after being coated by a special seed coating agent (purchased from Jianhe cereal agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd.) for the peanuts;
the corn is directly coated with seed.
(5) Seeding rate
Peanut of 666.7m2The seed quantity (kernel) is 10 kg;
corn grain size of 666.7m2The amount used was 2 kg.
(6) Seeding
The average daily ground temperature of the peanuts of 5cm is stabilized above 15 ℃, and the sowing depth is 3 cm; the average ground temperature of 5cm per day of corn is stabilized above 8 ℃, the seeding depth is 4cm, and the relative water content of soil is 65% during seeding.
(7) Planting mode
As shown in figure 1, a 4-row peanut 6-row corn planting mode is adopted, the row spacing of the peanuts and the row spacing a of the corns are both 60cm, and the peanuts are plantedThe density is 16.5 ten thousand holes/hm2The planting density of the corn is 9.0 ten thousand plants/hm21 seed is sowed in each hole.
(8) Management of field
When the peanuts are basically flush, the soil piles on the film are timely removed into the furrows. The deficient points should be timely replanted. And timely digging out the lateral branches under the mulching film from the fourth leaf stage to before blooming.
When the height of the main stem reaches 35cm at the initial pod bearing stage of the peanut, spraying a growth regulator (purchased from DeVo Multi-Fertilizer Limited, Jing county) for chemical control once, and chemical control once again after the pesticide is applied for 10 days to 15 days and the height of the main stem exceeds 40 cm. And (3) spraying a growth regulator (purchased from DeVo Multi-fertilizer Co., Ltd., Jingcounty) for one-time chemical control treatment at the leaf expanding period of 8-9 corns.
(9) Harvesting and airing
When 65% of peanuts are hardened and have clear reticulate patterns and the inner walls of the shells are brownish and bluish color spots, harvesting in time by using a peanut sectional harvester; removing impurities and airing in time after harvesting, and reducing the water content of the pods to below 9%; and harvesting the corn by adopting a machine 8 days after the corn is physiologically matured.
In autumn, the yield of peanuts is 1286.00kg/hm2The corn yield is 9314.00kg/hm2The total income is 26632.40 yuan, and the economic benefit is calculated by the market acquisition price in 2014 (5.5 yuan/kg of peanut pods and 2.1 yuan/kg of corn kernels), so that the income is increased by 1222.40 yuan compared with that of a peanut single crop, and is increased by 4714.70 yuan compared with that of a corn single crop.
Example 2
The planting test base is in the surplus city of Jilin province, and the land blocks which are convenient to transport, have light soil or sandy loam as soil, have deep soil layers, fertile plough layers and flat topography are selected.
The specific sowing method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: the ploughing depth is 30cm, the rotary tillage plow harrow is used for leveling along with ploughing, and the purposes of depth, loosening, fineness, crushing, flattening, no weed, no front stubble and timely ridging are achieved.
(2) Fertilizing peanuts:
fertilizing peanuts: the land preparation and ridging are combined every 666.7m2Applying 2000kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 6.5kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) at one time2O5)4.7kg, potassium (K)2O)6.0 kg; fertilizing the corn: the land preparation and ridging are combined every 666.7m2Applying 2000kg of high-quality farmyard manure and phosphorus (P) at one time2O5)6.5kg, Potassium (K)2O)6.0 kg; each 666.7m212.5kg of nitrogen (N) is applied, and the nitrogen 2/3 is used as a base fertilizer and the nitrogen 1/3 is used as an additional fertilizer.
(3) Variety selection
Peanut No. 22 is selected.
Corn is selected for first-crop 335.
(4) Seed treatment
The peanuts are planted in the sun for 2d before husking and husked for 7d before sowing, the peanuts are husked, deinsectization, buds and rotten fruits are removed during husking, secondary seeds are selected for sowing after husking, and the peanuts are sowed after being coated by a special seed coating agent (purchased from Jianhe agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd., Henan);
the corn is directly coated with seed.
(5) Seeding rate
Peanut of 666.7m2The amount of seed (kernel) used was 10 kg.
Corn grain size of 666.7m2The amount used was 2 kg.
(6) Seeding
The average daily ground temperature of the peanuts of 5cm is stabilized above 15 ℃, and the sowing depth is 3 cm; the average ground temperature of 5cm per day of corn is stabilized above 8 ℃, the seeding depth is 4cm, and the relative water content of soil is 70% during seeding.
(7) Planting mode
As shown in figure 1, a 4-row peanut 6-row corn planting mode is adopted, the row spacing of the peanuts and the row spacing a of the corns are both 60cm, and the planting density of the peanuts is 16.5 ten thousand holes/hm2The planting density of the corn is 9.0 ten thousand plants/hm21 seed is sowed in each hole.
(8) Management of field
When the peanuts are basically flush, the soil piles on the film are timely removed into the furrows. The deficient points should be timely replanted. And timely digging out the lateral branches under the mulching film from the fourth leaf stage to before blooming.
When the height of the main stem reaches 35cm at the initial pod bearing stage of the peanut, spraying a growth regulator (purchased from DeVo Multi-Fertilizer Limited, Jing county) for chemical control once, and chemical control once again after the pesticide is applied for 10 days to 15 days and the height of the main stem exceeds 40 cm. And (3) spraying a growth regulator (purchased from DeVo Multi-fertilizer Co., Ltd., Jingcounty) for one-time chemical control treatment at the leaf expanding period of 8-9 corns.
(9) Harvesting and airing
When 65% of peanuts are hardened and have clear reticulate patterns and the inner walls of the shells are brownish and bluish color spots, harvesting in time by using a peanut sectional harvester; removing impurities and airing in time after harvesting, and reducing the water content of the pods to below 9%; and harvesting the corn by adopting a machine 8 days after the corn is physiologically matured.
In autumn, the yield of peanuts is 1205.20kg/hm2The corn yield is 8849.30kg/hm2The total income is 25212.13 yuan, and the economic benefit is calculated by the market acquisition price in 2014 (5.5 yuan/kg of peanut pods and 2.1 yuan/kg of corn kernels), so that the income is increased by 1158.35 yuan compared with that of a peanut single crop, and is increased by 4324.56 yuan compared with that of a corn single crop.
Example 3
The planting test base is in the city of the public main ridge of Jilin province, and the land blocks which are convenient to transport, light soil or sandy loam, deep soil layers, fertile plough layers and flat in terrain are selected as soil.
The specific sowing method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: the ploughing depth is 30cm, the rotary tillage plow harrow is used for leveling along with ploughing, and the purposes of depth, loosening, fineness, crushing, flattening, no weed, no front stubble and timely ridging are achieved.
(2) Fertilizing peanuts: the land preparation and ridging are combined every 666.7m23000kg of high-quality farmyard manure is applied at one time, 8.5kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are applied2O5)6.0kg, potassium (K)2O)7.0 kg; fertilizing the corn: the land preparation and ridging are combined every 666.7m23000kg of high-quality farmyard manure and phosphorus (P) are applied at one time2O5)7.0kg, potassium (K)2O)7.0 kg; each 666.7m213.0kg of nitrogen (N) is applied, and the nitrogen 2/3 is used as a base fertilizer and the nitrogen 1/3 is used as an additional fertilizer.
(3) Variety selection
The peanut is selected from flos gigantei 19.
Corn is selected for first-crop 335.
(4) Seed treatment
The peanuts are planted in the sun for 3 days before husking, husked for 10 days before sowing, deinsectized, germinated and rotten fruits are removed during husking, first-grade seeds are selected for sowing after husking, and the seeds are sowed after being coated by a special seed coating agent (purchased from Jianhe cereal agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd.) for the peanuts;
the corn is directly coated with seed.
(5) Seeding rate
Peanut of 666.7m215kg of seed quantity (kernel);
corn grain size of 666.7m2The amount of the seed used was 3 kg.
(6) Seeding
The average daily ground temperature of the peanuts of 5cm is stabilized above 15 ℃, and the sowing depth is 4 cm; the average ground temperature of 5cm per day of corn is stabilized above 8 ℃, the seeding depth is 5cm, and the relative water content of soil is 60% during seeding.
(7) Planting mode
As shown in figure 2, a 6-row peanut and 6-row corn planting mode is adopted, the row spacing of the peanuts and the row spacing b of the corns are both 60cm, and the planting density of the peanuts is 16.5 ten thousand holes/hm2The planting density of the corn is 9.0 ten thousand plants/hm21 seed is sowed in each hole.
(8) Management of field
When the peanuts are basically flush, the soil piles on the film are timely removed into the furrows. The deficient points should be timely replanted. And timely digging out the lateral branches under the mulching film from the fourth leaf stage to before blooming.
Spraying a growth regulator (purchased from Dewoduo fertilizer Co., Ltd., Jing county) once for chemical control at the early pod bearing stage of peanuts when the height of the main stem reaches 35cm, and performing chemical control once again after the pesticide is applied for 10 days to 15 days and the height of the main stem exceeds 40 cm; and (3) spraying a growth regulator (purchased from DeVo Multi-fertilizer Co., Ltd., Jingcounty) for one-time chemical control treatment at the leaf expanding period of 8-9 corns.
(9) Harvesting and airing
When 65% of peanuts are hardened and have clear reticulate patterns and the inner walls of the shells are brownish and bluish color spots, harvesting in time by using a peanut sectional harvester; removing impurities and airing in time after harvesting, and reducing the water content of the pods to below 9%; and harvesting the corn by adopting a machine 7 days after the corn is physiologically matured.
In autumn, the yield of peanuts is 1068.38kg/hm2The corn yield is 5440.60kg/hm2Total income is 14280.28 yuan, economic benefit is 201The market acquisition price (4.2 yuan/kg peanut pod and 1.8 yuan/kg corn kernel) in 5 years is calculated, so that the income is increased by 1076.64 yuan compared with that of the peanut single crop and 1417.21 yuan compared with that of the corn single crop.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A peanut and corn belt crop rotation cultivation method comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, fertilization, sowing and field management, and is characterized in that a 4-row peanut and 6-row corn planting mode is adopted in the sowing step, the row spacing of the peanuts and the row spacing of the corn are both 60cm, and the peanut planting density is 16.5 ten thousand holes/hm2The planting density of the corn is 7.5 ten thousand plants/hm29.0 ten thousand plants/hm21 seed is sowed in each hole;
the fertilizing steps are as follows:
fertilizing peanuts:
the land preparation and ridging are combined every 666.7m2Applying 2000 kg-3000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure at one time, applying 6.5 kg-9.5 kg of nitrogen, 4.7 kg-6.2 kg of phosphorus and 6.0 kg-7.5 kg of potassium;
fertilizing the corn:
the land preparation and ridging are combined every 666.7m2Applying 2000 kg-3000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 6.5 kg-7.4 kg of phosphorus and 6.0 kg-7.4 kg of potassium at one time; each 666.7m2Applying 12.5 kg-13.3 kg of nitrogen, wherein the nitrogen 2/3 is used as a base fertilizer and the nitrogen 1/3 is used as an additional fertilizer;
the field management steps are as follows:
when the peanuts are basically flush, soil piles on the film are timely removed into furrows, the seeds are timely reseeded at the positions with holes, and side branches under the mulching film are timely pulled out before blooming in the four-leaf period;
spraying a growth regulator once when the height of the main stem reaches 35cm at the initial pod bearing stage of the peanut, and controlling once again after the pesticide is applied for 10 days to 15 days and the height of the main stem exceeds 40 cm;
and spraying a growth regulator to perform one-time chemical control treatment in the leaf expanding period of 8-9 corns.
2. The cultivation method of peanut and corn belt crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of selecting land is: selecting the land blocks which are convenient to transport, have light soil or sandy loam as soil, have deep soil layers, fertile cultivated layers and flat topography.
3. The peanut and corn belt crop rotation cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of preparing land is as follows: the ploughing depth is 25 cm-30 cm, and the rotary tillage plow harrow is used for leveling along with the ploughed land, so that the ploughed land is deep, loose, fine, broken and flat, has no weed, has no front root stubble and forms ridges in time.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step of preparing land is to deep plough every 2 years and break the plough layer.
5. The cultivation method of peanut and corn belt crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of seeding comprises:
(1) variety selection
The peanuts are selected from medium-early-maturing upright varieties which have good shade resistance, strong stress resistance, large yield-increasing potential and excellent quality and are approved or identified by provincial or national crop varieties;
selecting a high-yield medium-late-maturing variety of corn which has short stem height, compact plant type, barren resistance, strong drought resistance and strong disease resistance and is approved or identified by provincial or national crop variety approval committees;
(2) seed treatment
The peanuts are sunned for 2d to 3d before husking, husked for 7d to 10d before sowing, deinsectized, germinated and rotten fruits are removed during husking, first-grade or second-grade seeds are selected for sowing after husking, and the seeds are sown after being coated by special seed coating agent for the peanuts;
the corn is coated by the special seed coating agent for the corn and then sown, or the coated seed is directly selected;
(3) seeding
The average ground temperature of 5cm per day of peanuts is stably sown at the temperature of more than 15 ℃, the sowing depth is 3 cm-4 cm, and the peanut sowing depth is 666.7m per peanut2The seed consumption is 10 kg-15 kg;
the average ground temperature of 5cm per day of corn is stabilized above 8 ℃ for sowing, the sowing depth is 3 cm-5 cm, the relative water content of soil during sowing is 60% -70%, and the corn is sown at a rate of 666.7m2The amount of the fertilizer is 2 kg-3 kg.
6. The cultivation method of peanut and corn belt crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of harvesting and airing, specifically: when 65% of peanuts are hardened and have clear reticulate patterns and the inner walls of the shells are brownish and bluish color spots, harvesting in time by using a peanut sectional harvester; removing impurities and airing in time after harvesting, and reducing the water content of the pods to below 9%; harvesting the corn 7 d-10 d after the corn is physiologically matured.
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| CN1788538A (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-06-21 | 张厚才 | Intercrop cultivation method for the improved crop variety |
| CN104663192A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-06-03 | 重庆腾达牧业有限公司 | Mixed planting method of corns and peanuts |
| CN105393749B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-04-17 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of corn and the cultural method of peanut composite stereo ecology interplanting |
| CN105706713A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-06-29 | 刘万顺 | Mixed interplanting method of corns and peanuts |
| CN107439206A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-12-08 | 太仓市绿苗农场专业合作社 | A kind of interplanting corn peanut high-yield planting method |
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