CN108575640A - A kind of implantation methods preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle Download PDFInfo
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- CN108575640A CN108575640A CN201810416030.9A CN201810416030A CN108575640A CN 108575640 A CN108575640 A CN 108575640A CN 201810416030 A CN201810416030 A CN 201810416030A CN 108575640 A CN108575640 A CN 108575640A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle, belong to proportion of crop planting technical field.It is to sow eryuelan on soil after harvesting peanut that the present invention, which prevents the implantation methods of peanut continuous cropping obstacle, before Peanut continuous cropping plantation, using eryuelan green manuring.Wherein the peanut is Spring Peanut, and the soil is Winter paddy field.On the one hand the present invention can increase soil organic matter content by eryuelan green manuring, subduction organic fertilizer base is applied；On the other hand also changeable Peanut continuous cropping field soil microorganism diversity.The manpower and materials consumption generated to soil intensive cultivation can be not only greatly reduced, moreover it is possible to reduce the transpiration of soil, improve Soil Utilization rate and productivity, improve peanut yield in implantation methods using the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle.
Background technology
Peanut is the important industrial crops and oil crops in China, and the cultivated area of China's peanut in 2016 is 69,950,000
Mu, peanut main producing region is concentrated mainly on Henan Province, Shandong Province, Liaoning Province.Since peanut cultivation benefit is relatively high and planting soil
The limitation of earth, peanut cultivation usually for many years in flakes, large-scale plantation, some even continuous croppings 10~20 years.
Peanut is the more serious crop of continuous cropping obstacle, and the time limit of continuous cropping is longer, and underproduction amplitude is bigger.
Peanut continuous cropping has following drawback：
(1) peanut continuous cropping leads to soil nutritional deficiency, can not meet the nutrition needed for peanut
Peanut belongs to legume, the nitrogen that the rhizobium of root symbiosis have the function of fixed nitrogen, therefore absorbed from soil
It is less, and it is more to the uptake of the elements such as phosphorus, potassium, boron, iron.After the long-term continuous cropping of peanut, member that demand will necessarily be caused more
Element wane in the soil, in the case where that cannot be replenished in time, will under the influence of stubble peanut normal growth, it is degeneration-resistant
Ability declines, and pest and disease damage occurs seriously, so as to cause yield and quality to decline.
(2) peanut continuous cropping influences soil microorganism diversity
The main reason for variation of soil microflora is peanut Reducing production of continuous planting.
After peanut continuous cropping, root exudates, cast and the peanut plant residuum of peanut can all enter soil, and plant
Training system is identical with management measure, these are all that soil and rhizosphere microorganism have built metastable micro-ecological environment, in addition
Microorganism has selection adaptation, to which orientation affects the growth and development and breeding of soil and rhizosphere microorganism, forms spy
Fixed Peanut continuous cropping soil microorganism diversity.Its protrude feature be：With the increase of the continuous cropping time limit, the fungi of soil and rhizosphere
It increases significantly, bacterium and actinomyces largely reduce, and bacteria type soil is made to be converted to fungi type soil, and beneficial microbe activity subtracts
It is weak, cause soil productivity failure, causes Development of Peanut bad；There are many strains that can secrete antibiotic in soil actinomycete,
Harmful microbe procreation growth, continuous cropping is inhibited to cause actinomyces to reduce, peanut disease is caused to aggravate.
In the past about the agronomic measures that peanut continuous cropping is alleviated or avoided often focus mostly on the cereal crops such as wheat, corn
The 2 years three crop rotation planting patterns made, and mostly carried out with the planting system of winter wheat-summer maize system-peanut-winter wheat.Crop rotation is planted
In the process, on the one hand need enough land resource for crop rotation, on the other hand need to cultivate intensely, be diligent in management,
The harm such as disease pest and weeds are prevented and kill off in time and in due course, material resources input and management cost etc. are significantly increased.
Eryuelan also known as Orychophragmus violaceus are Cruciferae Orychophragmus, 1 year or biennial herb.Orychophragmus violaceus young stem and leaf is given birth to
Long amount is larger, full of nutrition, commonly used to edible；Seed oil content is up to 50% or more, and especially its linoleic acid ratio is higher,
It is also good oilseed plant.Currently, having no the report that eryuelan is used to prevent peanut continuous cropping obstacle.
Invention content
It is a primary object of the present invention to be directed to the problem of peanut continuous cropping makes peanut yield decline, economic benefit reduce, carry
For a kind of implantation methods preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention uses technical solution below：
Application of the eryuelan in preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle.
On the basis of said program, using eryuelan as green manuring plant.
A kind of implantation methods preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle are to sow eryuelan on the soil after harvesting peanut, even
Before stubble peanut cultivation, using eryuelan green manuring.
On the basis of said program, the peanut is Spring Peanut.
On the basis of said program, the soil is Winter paddy field.
On the basis of said program, after eryuelan green manuring, carries out within 3-7 days before peanut seeding site preparation, fertilising, rises
Ridge.
On the basis of said program, the fertilising is to apply nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30-50kg per acre.
On the basis of said program, the eryuelan sowing is：5~15 days before or after " Autumnal Equinox ", when 0~20cm tables
Layer soil moisture content sows eryuelan at 50%~60%, and application rate is 0.7~1.4kg/ mus.
On the basis of said program, the eryuelan green manuring is：Spring in next year April 10 to during April 20
The green manuring for carrying out eryuelan seedling is ploughed, and eryuelan plant is turned in the soil layer of 0~30cm, is allowed to decomposed.
On the basis of said program, the implantation methods for preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle, steps are as follows：
(1) eryuelan is begun sowing in good time
Spring Peanut harvest after sow eryuelan, the sowing time 5~15 days before or after " Autumnal Equinox ", when 0~20cm topsoils
Earth water content can sow eryuelan at 50%~60%, and application rate is 0.7~1.4kg/ mus；
(2) eryuelan turns in due course
It is ploughed in April 10 to the green manuring for carrying out eryuelan seedling during April 20 in spring in next year, by eryuelan plant
It turns in the soil layer of 0-30cm, is allowed to decomposed；
(3) optimum period site preparation, fertilising, ridging
Carry out site preparation, fertilising, ridging within 3~7 days before Spring Peanut sowing；Wherein, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30- is applied per acre
50kg；
(4) peanut is begun sowing in good time
Spring Peanut sowing is carried out when 0-5cm soil layer ground temperature is stablized at 12 DEG C~13 DEG C or more；Using ridge culture film-covering planting
Mode, ridge face width 60~65cm, two ridge 20~22cm of spacing, per 2 row of ridge planting, 30~35cm of line-spacing, 20~25cm of hill spacing, kind
Density in planting is maintained at 1.25~1.35 ten thousand caves/mu；
(5) field management.
The invention has the advantages that：
(1) the eryuelan seedling of green manuring has higher vitamin B in the present invention2, vitamin C, carrotene and nitrogen, phosphorus,
The constituent contents such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron can increase the big-and-middle amounts such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, the magnesium in soil after green manuring is decomposed
The content of the trace element such as nutrient and zinc, boron, iron, therefore base manure can not use organic fertilizer.
(2) on the one hand implantation methods using the present invention can increase soil organic matter content by eryuelan green manuring, subtract
Except organic fertilizer base is applied；On the other hand also changeable Peanut continuous cropping field soil microorganism diversity, reduces the fungi number of soil and rhizosphere
Amount increases bacterium and Population of Actinomycetes, increases predominant bacteria quantity in soil.By eryuelan green manuring, peanut rhizosphere soil is micro-
Biological species, dominant population quantity and the more non-depressed green soil abundance of community function diversity.Peanut rhizosphere soil microorganism advantage
Flora is Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria), actinomyces door (Actinobacteria), green curved bacterium door (Chloroflexi)
With acidfast bacilli door (Acidobacteria), wherein acidfast bacilli door (Acidobacteria) abundance increases by 3 times or more, Actinomycetes
(Actinomycetales) abundance increases.
(3) in implantation methods of the invention, eryuelan growth adaptation is very competent, can arbitrarily broadcast sowing, without intensive cultivation
With the input of machinery, fuel oil etc..It can be greatly reduced to the manpower and materials that soil intensive cultivation generates consume, seed costs drops
Low, peanut yield improves.
(4) in implantation methods of the invention, eryuelan can still be protected green not withered in cold winter, preferably can cover ground
Soil Utilization rate and life are improved to prevent soil from the strong transpiration in the early spring, fully keeping soil moisture in winter in face
Yield.
Specific implementation mode
Term as used in the present invention generally has those of ordinary skill in the art usual unless otherwise specified
The meaning of understanding.
With reference to specific embodiment, and with reference to the data further detailed description present invention.Following embodiment only be
It illustrates the present invention, rather than limits the scope of the invention in any way.
Embodiment
1 materials and methods
1.1 continuous cropping general planting Spring Peanuts
Field plot trial is set, 3 years plot of Peanut continuous cropping are selected.Using general planting mode (after harvesting peanut
Winter slack, next year continue to plant peanut), 0.5 mu of plot area is repeated 3 times, random alignment.
(1) winter slack phase
Before winter slack to next year Spring Peanut sowing is shelved in plot after harvesting peanut.
(2) spring site preparation
Before spring flower agricultural climate condition for corn, timing tillage, site preparation；
(3) it applies fertilizer
Rational use of chemical fertilizer, per acre base apply N P and K (15-15-15) 30~50kg of composite fertilizer；
(4) it begins sowing in good time
It is sowed when 0~5cm soil layer ground temperature is stablized at 12 DEG C~13 DEG C or more, using ridge culture film-covering planting mode,
Per 2 row of ridge, line-spacing keeps 28~30cm, 13~14cm of hill spacing, planting density to be maintained at 1.25~1.35 ten thousand caves/mu；
(5) real-time management
1) seedling is put in punching：It to be punched in time when peanut cotylcdon expansion color is green by xanthochromia and put seedling, blocked up sternly, put after putting seedling
Seedling works preferably in the morning 9:It is used before 00 point.
2) watering in due course, fertilising
Timely top dressing, prevents early ageing.Peanut can both be improved in full 15kg/ mus of fruiting period trickle irrigation Water soluble fertilizer (17-5-23) of bearing pods
Middle and later periods liquid manure is supplied, and improves water and fertilizer utilization rate, reaches the target of cost-saving synergistic.Also foliage application can be carried out.Into bearing pods
Later stage, per acre 120~150 grams+urea of foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 350~400 gram of+75% Bravo wettable powder 70~
45~50 kilograms of the mixed liquor of 80 grams of equal fungicide, even spray 2 times, is spaced 10~15 days, extends the peanut functional leaf service life.
(6) it harvests in due course
Spring sowing peanut stem middle and lower part major part blade flavescence fall off, top also remain 4~5 greenery when or underground part
It is harvest when 80% or more pod is full.
(7) production is surveyed in species test.
Spring Peanut is planted in 1.2 peanut continuous cropping eryuelan green manuring
Field plot trial is set, 3 years plot of Peanut continuous cropping are selected.Spring Peanut harvest backsight soil moisture content is broadcast in time
Kind eryuelan, grows to and turned over eryuelan seedling in due course on April in next year 10~20.It is timing tillage, whole before spring flower agricultural climate condition for corn
Ground, fertilising；Spring Peanut is planted using the planting patterns of ridging overlay film.0.5 mu of plot area, is repeated 3 times, random alignment.
(1) eryuelan is sowed after Spring Peanut harvest
Backsight soil moisture content sowing in time eryuelan is harvested in Spring Peanut, seeding method uses and broadcasts sowing mode, sowing time
5~15 days before and after " Autumnal Equinox ", it can be sowed when 0~20cm Surfaces soil water contents are 50%~60%, application rate 0.7~
1.4kg/ mu.
(2) green manuring of spring eryuelan plant is decomposed, site preparation
Eryuelan is sowed to carry out ploughing green manuring to spring in next year plant strain growth to 10~April of April 20, i.e., by eryuelan
Plant all turns over to 0~30cm soil layers, keeps its decomposed.
(3) before spring flower agricultural climate condition for corn, timing tillage, site preparation
(4) it applies fertilizer
Rational use of chemical fertilizer, per acre base apply N P and K (15-15-15) 30~50kg of composite fertilizer；
(5) it begins sowing in good time Spring Peanut
It is sowed when 0~5cm soil layer ground temperature is stablized at 12 DEG C~13 DEG C or more, using ridge culture film-covering planting mode,
Ridge face width 60-65cm, two ridge 20~22cm of spacing, per 2 row of ridge planting, 30~35cm of line-spacing, 20~25cm of hill spacing, planting density
It is maintained at 1.25~1.35 ten thousand caves/mu；
(5) real-time management
1) seedling is put in punching：It to be punched in time when peanut cotylcdon expansion color is green by xanthochromia and put seedling, blocked up sternly, put after putting seedling
Seedling works preferably in the morning 9:It is used before 00 point.
2) watering in due course, fertilising
Timely top dressing, prevents early ageing.Peanut can both be improved in full 15kg/ mus of fruiting period trickle irrigation Water soluble fertilizer (17-5-23) of bearing pods
Middle and later periods liquid manure is supplied, and improves water and fertilizer utilization rate, reaches the target of cost-saving synergistic.Also foliage application can be carried out.Into bearing pods
Later stage, per acre 120~150 grams+urea of foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 350~400 gram of+75% Bravo wettable powder 70~
45~50 kilograms of the mixed liquor of 80 grams of equal fungicide, even spray 2 times, is spaced 10~15 days, extends the peanut functional leaf service life.
(6) it harvests in due course
Spring sowing peanut stem middle and lower part major part blade flavescence fall off, top also remain 4~5 greenery when or underground part
It is harvest when 80% or more pod is full.
(7) production is surveyed in species test.
Spring Peanut is planted in 1.3 peanut continuous cropping winter wheat seedlings green manuring
Field plot trial is set, 3 years plot of Peanut continuous cropping are selected.Spring Peanut harvest backsight soil moisture content is broadcast in time
Kind of wheat, grow to winter wheat in 10~20 April in next year turn green-jointing stage turns over winter wheat seedlings in due course.Spring flower agricultural climate condition for corn
Before, timing tillage, site preparation, fertilising；Spring Peanut is planted using the planting patterns of ridging overlay film.0.5 mu of plot area, is repeated 3 times,
Random alignment.
(1) winter wheat sowing after Spring Peanut harvest
Backsight soil moisture content sowing in time winter wheat is harvested in Spring Peanut, seeding method uses machine sowing mode, sowing time
It 5~15 days before and after " Autumnal Equinox ", can be sowed when 0~20cm Surfaces soil water contents are 60%~70%, application rate 15
~20kg/ mus, 6~8kg/ mus of the amount of broadcasting of a little higher than general planting winter wheat.
(2) green manuring of spring winter wheat plant is decomposed, site preparation
Winter wheat growth turns over winter wheat seedlings to 10~20 April in next year to the-jointing stage of turning green in due course,
Winter wheat plant is all turned over to 0~30cm soil layers, keeps it fully decomposed.
(3) before spring flower agricultural climate condition for corn, timing tillage, site preparation
(4) it applies fertilizer
Rational use of chemical fertilizer, per acre base apply N P and K (15-15-15) composite fertilizer 30-50kg；
(5) it begins sowing in good time Spring Peanut
It is sowed when 0-5cm soil layer ground temperature is stablized at 12 DEG C~13 DEG C or more, using ridge culture film-covering planting mode, ridge
Wide 60~the 65cm in face, two ridge 20~22cm of spacing, per 2 row of ridge planting, 30~35cm of line-spacing, 20~25cm of hill spacing, planting density
It is maintained at 1.25~1.35 ten thousand caves/mu；
(5) real-time management
1) seedling is put in punching：It to be punched in time when peanut cotylcdon expansion color is green by xanthochromia and put seedling, blocked up sternly, put after putting seedling
Seedling works preferably in the morning 9:It is used before 00 point.
2) watering in due course, fertilising
Timely top dressing, prevents early ageing.Peanut can both be improved in full 15kg/ mus of fruiting period trickle irrigation Water soluble fertilizer (17-5-23) of bearing pods
Middle and later periods liquid manure is supplied, and improves water and fertilizer utilization rate, reaches the target of cost-saving synergistic.Also foliage application can be carried out.Into bearing pods
Later stage, per acre 120~150 grams+urea of foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 350~400 gram of+75% Bravo wettable powder 70~
45~50 kilograms of the mixed liquor of 80 grams of equal fungicide, even spray 2 times, is spaced 10~15 days, extends the peanut functional leaf service life.
(6) it harvests in due course
Spring sowing peanut stem middle and lower part major part blade flavescence fall off, top also remain 4~5 greenery when or underground part
It is harvest when 80% or more pod is full.
(7) production is surveyed in species test.
2 results and analysis
Influence of the different planting patterns to input and yielding condition is shown in Table 1.
Input and output situation under 1 Different Ways of Planting of table
As shown in Table 1, after peanut continuous cropping 3 years, under the planting patterns of next year continuous cropping Spring Peanut, peanut yield is merely retained in
189.7~195.4 thousand grams/acre；Using the planting patterns of eryuelan green manuring, it can be ensured that spring flower output steadily increases, and increases
Yield shelves cropping pattern compared with winter slack phase and increases by 22.03%, and the cropping pattern compared with winter slack phase Winter Wheat Planted increases production 13.28%.
Meanwhile the cropping pattern of eryuelan green manuring can reduce by 80~100 yuan/mu of seed costs, and reduce when eryuelan is sowed and put into
The power input such as machinery, fuel oil.As it can be seen that the planting patterns using eryuelan green manuring can get than continuous cropping Spring Peanut and winter wheat
The higher yield of green manuring peanut cultivation mode.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
Imitate embodiment.But it is every without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, according to the technical essence of the invention to above example institute
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling made, still fall within the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. application of the eryuelan in preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle.
2. application according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Using eryuelan as green manuring plant.
3. a kind of implantation methods preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that：February is sowed on soil after harvesting peanut
Orchid, before continuous cropping peanut cultivation, using eryuelan green manuring.
4. preventing the implantation methods of peanut continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The peanut is spring flower
It is raw.
5. according to the implantation methods for preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that：The soil is
Winter paddy field.
6. according to the implantation methods for preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle described in claim 3~5, it is characterised in that：In eryuelan pressure
After blueness, site preparation, fertilising, ridging are carried out within 3-7 days before peanut seeding.
7. the implantation methods according to claim 6 for preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that：The fertilising is per acre
Apply nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30-50kg in ground.
8. preventing the implantation methods of peanut continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 3~7 any one of them, it is characterised in that：It is described
Eryuelan is sowed：5~15 days before or after " Autumnal Equinox ", sowed when 0~20cm Surfaces soil water contents are 50%~60%
Eryuelan, application rate are 0.7~1.4kg/ mus.
9. preventing the implantation methods of peanut continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 3~7 any one of them, it is characterised in that：It is described
Eryuelan green manuring is：It is ploughed in April 10 to the green manuring for carrying out eryuelan seedling during April 20 in spring in next year, by February
Blue plant turns in the soil layer of 0~30cm, is allowed to decomposed.
10. preventing the implantation methods of peanut continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 3~9 any one of them, it is characterised in that：Step
It is as follows：
(1) eryuelan is begun sowing in good time
Spring Peanut harvest after sow eryuelan, the sowing time 5~15 days before or after " Autumnal Equinox ", when 0~20cm topsoils contain
Water can sow eryuelan at 50%~60%, and application rate is 0.7~1.4kg/ mus；
(2) eryuelan turns in due course
It is ploughed in April 10 to the green manuring for carrying out eryuelan seedling during April 20 in spring in next year, eryuelan plant is turned over
In the soil layer of 0-30cm, it is allowed to decomposed；
(3) optimum period site preparation, fertilising, ridging
Carry out site preparation, fertilising, ridging within 3~7 days before Spring Peanut sowing；Wherein, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30- is applied per acre
50kg；
(4) peanut is begun sowing in good time
Spring Peanut sowing is carried out when 0-5cm soil layer ground temperature is stablized at 12 DEG C~13 DEG C or more；Using ridge culture film-covering planting mode,
Ridge face width 60~65cm, two ridge 20~22cm of spacing, per 2 row of ridge planting, 30~35cm of line-spacing, 20~25cm of hill spacing, plantation is close
Degree is maintained at 1.25~1.35 ten thousand caves/mu；
(5) field management.
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| CN109315256A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-12 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | A method of reducing Cotton Soil Nitrogen Leaching |
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| CN110558191A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-13 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacle through combined green pressing of rape and onion |
| CN112021126A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-12-04 | 南京农业大学 | Peanut fertilizer reduced application and efficiency increasing method based on orychophragmus violaceus water and fertilizer regulation |
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