CN101897286A - Dwarfing and open-centre shaping method applicable to greenhouse cultivation management operation - Google Patents
Dwarfing and open-centre shaping method applicable to greenhouse cultivation management operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN101897286A CN101897286A CN2010102213377A CN201010221337A CN101897286A CN 101897286 A CN101897286 A CN 101897286A CN 2010102213377 A CN2010102213377 A CN 2010102213377A CN 201010221337 A CN201010221337 A CN 201010221337A CN 101897286 A CN101897286 A CN 101897286A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dwarfing and open-centre shaping method applicable to greenhouse cultivation management operation. The method comprises the steps of planting, selecting main branches, shaping the main branches, selecting secondary branches, shaping the secondary branches, cultivating the secondary branches, cultivating lateral branches, performing synchronous cultivation and pruning daily. The method has a broad application range regardless of species; the matured fruit trees have smaller overall heights ranging from 2 to 2.5m, so the trees are convenient to operate and manage and favorable for ventilation and light transmission conditions in the greenhouse; the sparse planar fruiting shape contributes to fully utilizing the illumination of the greenhouse, increasing the fruiting parts and reducing the phenomena such as empty bore, extended fruiting parts and the like; the dwarfed tree shape and the sparse fruiting plane are favorable for improving the fruit quality; the commodity rate of the fruits is increased by about 5 to 10 percent; and the economic benefit is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technical field of fruit tree shaping, the happy shape shaping methods of particularly a kind of dwarfing of suitable greenhouse cultivation bookkeeping.
Background technology
Loquat is a rose family aiphyllium, originates in China, and cultivation has the history in more than 2000 year at least in China.Mainly be distributed in the provinces such as Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Fujian and Sichuan on the south the Changjiang river.Fruit shape circle or oval, the orange-yellow or milky of pericarp, the pulp soft and succulency, sour and sweet palatability, nutritious.Loquat is the fruit tree of Qiu Huachun reality, and florescence and young fruit are subjected to freeze injury easily.Meet the easy again dehiscent fruit of rain before the fruit maturation, the dehiscent fruit rate reaches 5～10%, and indivedual times reach 70%, and commodity fruit rate is low, causes the underproduction and quality to descend deficiency in economic performance.The booth facility cultivation of development in recent years can effectively alleviate the florescence low temperature freezing-disaster, reduces typhoon, and the harm of natural calamities such as sleet can also reduce damage by disease and insect.It is less relatively that fruit growing is subjected to the restriction of geographic latitude under the facility condition, can improve the fruit development condition, regulating fruit maturing stage, the commodity of raising output and fruit.The growth of loquat has certain rules, and is well arranged, and bearing tree forms neat taper shape, tree-like the first transaction of a day's business behind the result and become globular model, if do not carry out shaping, the growth of giving free rein to, the then big management inconvenience of crown height, setting fruit position moves outward, and fruit is subjected to freeze injury and day burning easily.Shaping is important measures in loquat (fruit tree) culture technique, by shaping, cooperates other control measures, can reach following purpose: 1, do sth. in advance the result, prolong economy of the fruit tree result's life-span; 2, improve output, reduce the phenomenon of biennial fruiting; 3, improve quality; 4, improve work efficiency, reduce cost; 5, the influence of defence natural calamity and other bad conditions.Produce at present and go up the loquat shaping methods that uses and mainly contain: trunk shape, evacuate layering shape, become then five types of trunk shape, common layering shape and two laminar cup-like shapes etc.But in general, the height of tree 3-5 rice that these shaping methods form, higher for booth facility cultivation canopy high request, be unfavorable for management and pluck time-consuming taking a lot of work.In addition and since in the booth illumination condition with respect to outdoor cropping a little less than, the hollow and setting fruit position extension of thorax reduced fruit quality and output in cultivation caused after for many years easily, the minimizing benefit.In Taiwan, ground such as Japan and Brazil, be the opposing typhoon influence, save the labour, adopt and downgrade tree-likely, the height of tree is controlled in 3 meters, and is easy to operate.But the method for downgrading moulding be strong at tree vigo(u)r, rich water quality management is strong, the trunk shape of the age of tree below life in 30 years, becomes then that the tree of trunk shape and layering shape, double-deck cup-like shape carries out moulding.Count each layer purport of going ground floor above from top to bottom year by year or next year, carry out the method that trunk shape is also clipped at last.Because the wound area of clipping is big, influences tree vigo(u)r easily, reduce and work as annual production, also can increase the intrusion of damage by disease and insect in addition.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the present situation at prior art, and a kind of easy to operate, management is quick, improve fruit quality, fruit commodity rate height, ventilation and penetrating light condition reach the good suitable greenhouse cultivation bookkeeping of whole economic efficiency well happy shape shaping methods of dwarfing is provided.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: the happy shape shaping methods of a kind of dwarfing of suitable greenhouse cultivation bookkeeping, and the booth that selection has been put up, this booth altitude range is 3 meters to 3.8 meters; Carry out the field planting step: select at least that the living nursery stock of 2-3 is the body that plants seedlings, and the selected good soil that is fit to cultivation, its cultivation is survived;
Major branch shaping step: after nursery stock survived, terminal bud was taken out the branch of life, and upwards upright elongation becomes central trunk and elongated shoot thereof, promptly, clipped trunk and terminal bud thereof and took out living elongated shoot during high about 30 centimetres to 40 centimetres scope from ground down at it; Evenly select four to six of the full axillalry buds that it is longer than border, trunk top down, and treat that it takes out to give birth to and grow into major branch;
The major branch fixating shape step: the screening major branch, keep three to four at the eugonic major branch tip, give over to the major branch of moulding; Overhead at least 30 centimetres on minimum major branch;
Secondary major branch type selecting step: erase terminal bud; Axillalry bud is taken out given birth to and be the elongated shoot of major branch; Evenly select four to six of the full lateral buds that it is longer than border, trunk top down, and treat that it takes out to give birth to and grow into secondary major branch;
Secondary major branch incubation step: when secondary major branch to be formed grows into 20 centimetres to 30 centimetres scope, erase terminal bud; Axillalry bud is taken out given birth to and be the elongated shoot of major branch;
The side shoot incubation step: one of the full lateral bud of evenly selecting to be longer than border, secondary major branch top is cultivated to two, and treats that it takes out to give birth to and grow into side shoot;
Synchronous incubation step: repeat accessory branch type selecting step, accessory branch fixating shape step, accessory branch incubation step and side shoot type selecting step, cultivate accessory branch and side shoot, and cultivate into fruit tree; And all leave and take the quantity of bearing basal shoot and vegetative shoot in 40 percent and 60 percent ratio;
Daily shearing procedure: after above-mentioned fruit tree enters stable production period, leave and take the quantity of bearing basal shoot and vegetative shoot in 50 percent and 50 percent ratio; Carry out daily pruning management; When the major branch farthest when trunk exceeds two meters, the pruning that bounces back, each retraction is no more than 1/2 for about 1/3 of major branch.
The measure of taking also comprises:
In the above-mentioned accessory branch fixating shape step, the accessory branch tip that sieves very thin weak for growth, or insect pest in spite of illness.
In the above-mentioned side shoot type selecting step, the accessory branch both sides are cultivated side shoot simultaneously, and perhaps accessory branch one side is cultivated side shoot earlier.
In the above-mentioned synchronous incubation step, the pruning position of above-mentioned bearing basal shoot is to 25 centimeters apart from 15 centimetres of this bearing basal shoot roots; The pruning position of above-mentioned vegetative shoot is to 20 centimeters apart from 15 centimetres of this vegetative shoot roots.
In the above-mentioned synchronous incubation step, the pruning position of above-mentioned bearing basal shoot is apart from these bearing basal shoot root 20 centimeters.
In the above-mentioned synchronous incubation step, above-mentioned bearing basal shoot and vegetative shoot quantity are left and taken ratio and are 50 percent.
Compared with prior art, field planting step, major branch type selecting step, major branch fixating shape step, accessory branch type selecting step, accessory branch fixating shape step, accessory branch incubation step, side shoot incubation step, synchronous incubation step, daily shearing procedure have been the present invention includes; The invention has the advantages that: no matter the kind applicability is wide, its overall height of the fruit tree after the maturation is shorter, in 2-2.5 rice, is convenient to operational administrative, also is beneficial to the ventilation and penetrating light condition in the booth; The plane of evacuating is shape as a result, is beneficial to and makes full use of booth illumination, increases setting fruit position, phenomenons such as thorax inanition, setting fruit position extension in reducing; The plane as a result of the tree-like and evacuation of downgrading is beneficial to the raising fruit quality, and the fruit commodity rate improves about 5% to 10%, has increased economic benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front schematic view of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
To shown in Figure 2, figure grade illustrates: trunk 1, major branch 2, accessory branch 3, side shoot 4 as Fig. 1.
The embodiment of the invention, the happy shape shaping methods of a kind of dwarfing of suitable greenhouse cultivation bookkeeping, the booth that selection has been put up, this booth altitude range is 2.8 meters to 3.8 meters; Carry out the field planting step: select at least 1.5 years living nursery stocks to be the body that plants seedlings, and the selected good soil that is fit to cultivation, its cultivation is survived;
Major branch shaping step: after nursery stock survives, rudiment in spring next year as the field planting in autumn, and begin rudiment the early summer of being everlasting of field planting in early spring then, terminal bud is taken out the branch of life, upwards upright elongation, become central trunk and elongated shoot thereof, down promptly during high about 30 centimetres to 40 centimetres scope, clip trunk and terminal bud thereof and take out living elongated shoot from ground at it; Evenly select four to six of the full axillalry buds that it is longer than border, trunk top down, and treat that it takes out to give birth to and grow into major branch;
The major branch fixating shape step: the screening major branch tip, keep three to four at the eugonic major branch tip, give over to the major branch of moulding; Overhead at least 30 centimetres on minimum major branch;
Secondary major branch type selecting step: clip major branch and terminal bud is taken out living elongated shoot; Evenly select four to six of the full axillalry buds that it is longer than border, trunk top down, and treat that it takes out to give birth to and grow into secondary major branch;
Secondary major branch incubation step: when secondary major branch to be formed grows into 20 centimetres to 30 centimetres scope, clip secondary major branch terminal bud, or clip the accessory branch terminal bud and take out living branch;
The side shoot incubation step: one of the full twig of evenly selecting to be longer than border, accessory branch top is cultivated to two, and treats that it takes out to give birth to and grow into side shoot;
Synchronous incubation step: repeat accessory branch type selecting step, accessory branch fixating shape step, accessory branch incubation step and side shoot type selecting step, cultivate accessory branch and side shoot, and cultivate into fruit tree; And all leave and take the quantity of bearing basal shoot and vegetative shoot in 60 40 percent to percent ratio;
Daily shearing procedure: after above-mentioned fruit tree enters stable production period, carry out daily pruning management.
In the accessory branch fixating shape step, the accessory branch that sieves 3 tips very thin weak for growth, or insect pest in spite of illness.In side shoot type selecting step, accessory branch 3 both sides are cultivated side shoot 4 simultaneously, and perhaps accessory branch 3 one sides are cultivated side shoot 4 earlier.In synchronous incubation step, the pruning position of bearing basal shoot is to 25 centimeters apart from 15 centimetres of this bearing basal shoot roots; The pruning position of vegetative shoot is to 20 centimeters apart from 15 centimetres of this vegetative shoot roots.
Further discuss: the pruning position of bearing basal shoot is apart from these bearing basal shoot root 20 centimeters; In the incubation step, bearing basal shoot and vegetative shoot quantity are left and taken ratio and are 50 percent synchronously.
The embodiment of the invention is an example as loquat, and first kind of application operating is as described below:
The 1st year: the predetermination trunk 1 that germinates spring, about trunk 1 high 30-40 centimetre.Erase the trunk terminal bud or clip trunk terminal bud branch, take out under it and give birth to three lateral buds, be major branch 2, and select three in-planes on average to be 120 ° preceding oblique the giving birth to of angle, all the other branches are plucked; Three major branches 2 can be or not same source on trunk 1, also can be in same source.When different source, be separated by up and down about 15 centimetres.
The 2nd year: similar to the 1st year, major branch 2 continued to extend, major branch 2 apart from 30-35 centimetre about remove terminal bud or clip the top branch, cultivate 3 one of accessory branches, as it and give birth in major branch 1 left side, then each major branch 1 is all stayed the left side.Look the growth potential power, then from first accessory branch 3 at interval 10-15 centimetre the time, second accessory branch 3 can be cultivated in its right side as by force; Otherwise cultivated second accessory branch 3 on the 3rd year.
The 3rd year: according to growing state, leave and take second layer accessory branch 3, method was with the method for leaving and taking of ground floor accessory branch 3.The cutting back water sprout is is suitably left and taken 50% bearing basal shoot and 50% vegetative shoot.Pruning position to bearing basal shoot is apart from root 20 centimeters, and vegetative shoot removes the damage by disease and insect branch simultaneously generally apart from about root 15-20 centimetre.
The 4th year: fruit tree entered stable production period, as long as carry out daily pruning management.
The embodiment of the invention is an example as loquat, and second kind of application operating is as described below:
The 1st year: the predetermination trunk 1 that germinates spring, about trunk 1 high 30-40 centimetre.Erase the trunk terminal bud or clip trunk terminal bud branch, take out under it and give birth to four lateral buds, be major branch 2, and tiltedly give birth to before selecting four in-plane degree to be 90 ° of angles; Each major branch apart is being about 10 centimetres on the trunk; Each branch and trunk angle are 30-45 °.
The 2nd year: similar to the 1st year, major branch 2 continued to extend, major branch 2 apart from 30-35 centimetre about remove terminal bud or clip the top branch, cultivate 3 one of accessory branches, as it and give birth in major branch 1 left side, then each major branch 1 is all stayed the left side.Look the growth potential power, then from first accessory branch 3 at interval 10-15 centimetre the time, second accessory branch 3 can be cultivated in its right side as by force; Otherwise cultivated second accessory branch 3 on the 3rd year.
The 3rd year: according to growing state, leave and take second layer accessory branch 3, method was with the method for leaving and taking of ground floor accessory branch 3.The cutting back water sprout is is suitably left and taken 50% bearing basal shoot and 50% vegetative shoot.Pruning position to bearing basal shoot is apart from root 20 centimeters, and vegetative shoot removes the damage by disease and insect branch simultaneously generally apart from about root 15-20 centimetre.
The 4th year: fruit tree entered stable production period, as long as carry out daily pruning management.
The invention has the advantages that: no matter the kind applicability is wide, its overall height of the fruit tree after the maturation is shorter, in 2-2.5 rice, is convenient to operational administrative, also is beneficial to the ventilation and penetrating light condition in the booth; The plane of evacuating is shape as a result, is beneficial to and makes full use of booth illumination, increases setting fruit position, phenomenons such as thorax inanition, setting fruit position extension in reducing; The plane as a result of the tree-like and evacuation of downgrading is beneficial to the raising fruit quality, and the fruit commodity rate improves about 5% to 10%, has increased economic benefit.
Most preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated, and various variations or the remodeling made by those of ordinary skills can not depart from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the happy shape shaping methods of the dwarfing of a suitable greenhouse cultivation bookkeeping is selected the booth put up, and this booth altitude range is 2.8 meters to 3.8 meters; Carry out the field planting step: select at least 1.5 years living nursery stocks to be the body that plants seedlings, and the selected good soil that is fit to cultivation, its cultivation is survived;
Major branch shaping step: after nursery stock survived, terminal bud was taken out the branch of life, and upwards upright elongation becomes central trunk and elongated shoot thereof, promptly, clipped trunk and terminal bud thereof and took out living elongated shoot during high about 30 centimetres to 40 centimetres scope from ground down at it; Evenly select four to six of the full axillalry buds that it is longer than border, trunk top down, and treat that it takes out to give birth to and grow into major branch;
The major branch fixating shape step: the screening major branch tip, keep three to four at the eugonic major branch tip, give over to the major branch of moulding; Overhead at least 30 centimetres on minimum major branch;
Secondary major branch type selecting step: clip major branch and terminal bud is taken out living elongated shoot; Evenly select four to six of the full axillalry buds that it is longer than border, trunk top down, and treat that it takes out to give birth to and grow into secondary major branch;
Secondary major branch incubation step: when secondary major branch to be formed grows into 20 centimetres to 30 centimetres scope, clip secondary major branch terminal bud, or clip the accessory branch terminal bud and take out living branch;
The side shoot incubation step: one of the full twig of evenly selecting to be longer than border, accessory branch top is cultivated to two, and treats that it takes out to give birth to and grow into side shoot;
Synchronous incubation step: repeat accessory branch type selecting step, accessory branch fixating shape step, accessory branch incubation step and side shoot type selecting step, cultivate accessory branch and side shoot, and cultivate into fruit tree; And all leave and take the quantity of bearing basal shoot and vegetative shoot in 60 40 percent to percent ratio;
Daily shearing procedure: after above-mentioned fruit tree enters stable production period, carry out daily pruning management.
2. the happy shape shaping methods of the dwarfing of a kind of suitable greenhouse cultivation bookkeeping according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described accessory branch fixating shape step, the accessory branch that sieves (3) tip very thin weak for growth, or insect pest in spite of illness.
3. the happy shape shaping methods of the dwarfing of a kind of suitable greenhouse cultivation bookkeeping according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described side shoot type selecting step, accessory branch (3) both sides are cultivated side shoot (4) simultaneously, and perhaps accessory branch (3) one sides are cultivated side shoot (4) earlier.
4. the happy shape shaping methods of the dwarfing of a kind of suitable greenhouse cultivation bookkeeping according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described synchronous incubation step, the pruning position of described bearing basal shoot is to 25 centimeters apart from 15 centimetres of this bearing basal shoot roots; The pruning position of described vegetative shoot is to 20 centimeters apart from 15 centimetres of this vegetative shoot roots.
5. the happy shape shaping methods of the dwarfing of a kind of suitable greenhouse cultivation bookkeeping according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in the described synchronous incubation step, the pruning position of described bearing basal shoot is apart from these bearing basal shoot root 20 centimeters.
6. the happy shape shaping methods of the dwarfing of a kind of suitable greenhouse cultivation bookkeeping according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in the described synchronous incubation step, described bearing basal shoot and vegetative shoot quantity are left and taken ratio and are 50 percent.
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| CN102487777A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-06-13 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | Multi-main-branch open center tree shape of pear tree and pruning method for pear tree |
| CN103348875A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-16 | 王涛 | Pear tree form shaped like Chinese character 'Mi' and shaping method thereof |
| CN104221743A (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2014-12-24 | 陈青英 | Citrus grandis high yield crown cultivating and trimming method |
| CN104429769A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 成都红柿子科技有限公司 | Method for improving loquat yield |
| CN104542040A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-04-29 | 云南丰德生物科技有限公司 | Pruning method of oil rose |
| CN105191734A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-30 | 上海人然合一现代农业生态园有限公司 | Method for cultivating landscape jujube trees |
| CN106358899A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-02-01 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Grown pinus massoniana stock plant dwarfing pruning method for increasing seed yield |
| CN106922465A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-07-07 | 金寨胜达农业科技有限公司 | A kind of gradual loquat tree crown remodeling method |
| CN107616019A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-01-23 | 毛华养 | A kind of bush type culture technology of ornamental elm |
| CN108575528A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-09-28 | 贵州金泽地绿色产品开发有限责任公司 | The short plant manufacturing process of one planting fruit-trees and high density orchard method of construction |
| CN113039992A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-06-29 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞科学研究所 | Cultivation method of matrimony vine trunk-shaped tree form |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102487777A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-06-13 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | Multi-main-branch open center tree shape of pear tree and pruning method for pear tree |
| CN103348875A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-16 | 王涛 | Pear tree form shaped like Chinese character 'Mi' and shaping method thereof |
| CN104221743A (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2014-12-24 | 陈青英 | Citrus grandis high yield crown cultivating and trimming method |
| CN104429769A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 成都红柿子科技有限公司 | Method for improving loquat yield |
| CN104542040B (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2016-11-30 | 云南丰德生物科技有限公司 | A kind of pruning method of rose for oil |
| CN104542040A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-04-29 | 云南丰德生物科技有限公司 | Pruning method of oil rose |
| CN105191734A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-30 | 上海人然合一现代农业生态园有限公司 | Method for cultivating landscape jujube trees |
| CN106358899A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-02-01 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Grown pinus massoniana stock plant dwarfing pruning method for increasing seed yield |
| CN106922465A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-07-07 | 金寨胜达农业科技有限公司 | A kind of gradual loquat tree crown remodeling method |
| CN107616019A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-01-23 | 毛华养 | A kind of bush type culture technology of ornamental elm |
| CN108575528A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-09-28 | 贵州金泽地绿色产品开发有限责任公司 | The short plant manufacturing process of one planting fruit-trees and high density orchard method of construction |
| CN113039992A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-06-29 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞科学研究所 | Cultivation method of matrimony vine trunk-shaped tree form |
| CN113039992B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-09-27 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞科学研究所 | Cultivation method of matrimony vine trunk-shaped tree form |
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Application publication date: 20101201 |