CN103120098B - Grafting method capable of rapidly fixing incomplete crown of fruit tree - Google Patents
Grafting method capable of rapidly fixing incomplete crown of fruit tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN103120098B CN103120098B CN201310063416.3A CN201310063416A CN103120098B CN 103120098 B CN103120098 B CN 103120098B CN 201310063416 A CN201310063416 A CN 201310063416A CN 103120098 B CN103120098 B CN 103120098B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant biology, in particular to a grafting method capable of rapidly fixing an incomplete crown of a fruit tree. A fruit tree where a mesome is sewed off is used as a tree stock and a robust water sprout or a vertical growing branch is selected near a damaged mesome, softened and pulled to a processing face of the tree stock. A to-be-processed position is selected on the branch and used as a bending point, and then the branch is bent over. A grafting cutter is used for cutting along the length direction of the branch to form a cutting face which is 4cm to 7cm long. The cutting thickness is one fourth to one third of the thickness of the branch at the bending point and a cion is formed. Affinity between the cion and the tree stock is strong and healing an injury is fast and easy so that the cion grows fast and robustly. The selected cion is often a water sprout useless for production in grafting operation so that a bearing branch of an entire fruit tree is not influenced and the yield of the year and the yield of the next year are not affected.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant biotechnology field, be specifically related to the grafting method of the incomplete tree crown of a kind of quick reparation fruit tree.
Background technology
Fruit tree is a kind of high yield, multi-functional economic crops.Fruit market demand space is large, is the model of high-efficiency agriculture, advancing agricultural restructuring, changes agriculture economy growth pattern, builds modern agriculture, promotes to act in increasing peasant income, growth of agricultural efficiency huge.Since the eighties in 20th century, China's fruit tree industry high speed development for significant contribution has been made in the national economic development, has also played important function for improving national quality of life simultaneously.Fruit has abundant nutrition and medical value, the five large nutrients such as the carbohydrate that contains human body needs, protein, fat, mineral matter, vitamin.
Fruit tree also has good ecological environment benefit, and environment is had to stronger adaptability.Orchard worker suits measures to local conditions to utilize hilly and mountainous land, husky hillside fields and soil develop production of fruit trees barrenly, both can increase income, again can planting trees on barren hills, conserve water and soil, improve the ecological environment and life of farmers condition, can make full use of the ecological agriculture in land development rural area and outskirts of a town simultaneously, sightseeing fruit industry, both capable of purifying air, beautify the environment, improve people's culture life quality, again can be by the sightseeing tour of fruit industry, hold " Peach Flower Festival ", " grape joint " etc. admires the beauty of flowers, fruit is from adopting activity, bolster the development of the tourism sector, and drive Tertiary Industy Development, increase economic efficiency, social benefit and ecological benefits.
The acrial part of tree comprises trunk and tree crown two parts.From collar to the first major branch, the part of (or first branch) is on trunk, and part more than trunk is on tree crown.
The common fruit shape that has a trunk mainly contains nature spindle, evacuates layering shape, slender spindle like, little crown, improvement nature spindle etc., their common feature is that major branch divides 2～3 layers, central authorities have an obvious center dry, on each major branch of ground floor, join 2～3 side shoots, on second and third each major branch of layer, join 1～2 side shoot, on all types branch Zu Zhesheng center is dry.This tree-like advantage is shaping nature, and pruning rate is few, is shaped fast, and firmly key, load capacity is larger, three-dimensional result, high and stable yield.
Water sprout be the raw excessively prosperous annual shoot of growing way in tree crown, general growth enriched, performance is upright, internode is long, blade is large and thin, the bud on branch is not full, it is late to stop growing, because growth is rapid, take up space large, easily make canopy, consume large quantity of moisture and nutrient, very unfavorable to fruit tree growth result, in production, generally remove to improve illumination condition, the fruit tree of declining period can be used to upgrade skeleton branch or cultivates shoot group.
In production for various reasons, by dry tree-like fruit tree integer often have after completing 2,3 layers dry fracture or due to illness worm endanger withered phenomenon, cause setting body structure incomplete, water sprout is too much, improper ventilation, thus significantly affect output of the fruit tree.
Producing now upper countermeasure is, this class is transformed into without the happy shape of trunk or adopts stiff wood grafting method to revert to trunk type again without trunk tree-like.But being transformed into the problem that happy shape exists is not realize three-dimensional result, makes the output of land area of one unit not high, and sets every year body water sprout occurs in a large number, cause nutrient waste, fruit quality declines; Stiff wood grafting recovers trunk type and has incubation time long (at least 3～5 year) again, and it is more that early stage, water sprout occurred, and causes nutrient waste, degradation problem under fruit quality.Therefore it is significant that, tree crown is repaired in discussion fast.
Summary of the invention
The grafting method that the object of this invention is to provide the incomplete tree crown of a kind of quick reparation fruit tree, when not affecting output, can repair the incomplete tree crown of fruit tree fast.
The technical solution used in the present invention is that the grafting method of the incomplete tree crown of a kind of quick reparation fruit tree, comprises the following steps:
A, in annual late Febuary to early March, in choosing, the dry fruit tree in young age damaging, removes dry saw in damaging, and with grafting knife, saw kerf transverse cuts is smooth, as stock, standby;
On B, the stock in steps A, select the smooth place of bark, from prune the from down to up bark of long 4～6 cm, wide 1.5～2 cm of one deck of 5～8cm under saw kerf, on stock, leave treated side, longitudinal standardized cut from treated side top, cut is through this treated side center, and cut length is consistent with treated side length, till cut is deep into xylem;
C, dry from damage near, a water sprout for growing way stalwartness or the branch of vertical growth on stock in selecting step B, after softening, be pulled to stock treated side place, on branch, select pending position, take this position as break is by branch bending, with grafting knife, in branch length direction, cut, form the bevel of long 4～7 cm, cutting thickness is 1/4～1/3 of break place branch thick, as scion, standby;
D, with grafting knife, the cut on stock is pushed aside gently, the scion in the progressive rapid C of folder, and make the bark that cut both sides are pried open closely wrap up scion, with the plastic strip wrapping of wide 1.5～2cm, fix;
E, on stock, fix a waddy, the upper end of scion is fixed;
F, after sprout sprouts, choose a upright healthy and strong sprout as in dry elongated shoot, remaining is in vertical direction with 60 ° of overturning angles;
G, 6～July be according to quantity and the direction young sprout of selecting and remain, and adjust direction and growing way according to space size, carries out pinching, cultivates into major branch and a branch group;
H, 8～September are further adjusted young sprout quantity and direction, select second layer major branch;
I, winter in 11～February cut, and select the 3rd layer of major branch.
Beneficial effect of the present invention comprises following five aspects:
The first, adopt not in vitro scion live body grafting, wound healing is faster
The water sprout of utilize selecting or developmental branch carry out not in vitro, live body grafting as scion, make the nutrition that scion obtains after grafting not only derive from stock, and more derive from eugonic not in vitro, live body scion, the affinity of scion and stock is stronger, wound healing sooner, easier, thereby make scion growth faster, growing way is more prosperous.
The second, do not affect and work as annual production
The scion of selecting is that water sprout useless in the past producing carries out grafting operation as scion, does not affect the fruit bearing shoot of whole fruit tree, therefore can not affect output then, also the output in next year is formed to not impact.
Three, tree crown recovers soon
Within next year, can repeatedly carry out not in vitro, live body grafting, in scion, eye quantity is many, can accept or reject as required quantity and the orientation of rudiment, and limited eye only in general stiff wood grafting scion, even if all sprout 2～3 coppice shoots only, and concentrated being distributed in extremely short scion, cannot or be difficult to carry out choice and the selection in quantity and orientation; Simultaneously not in vitro, live body grafting scion is stronger with the affinity of stock, wound healing is faster, therefore in general 2～3 years, gets final product the tree crown of fast quick-recovery incompleteness.
Four, utilize to produce in the past useless water sprout as scion, turn waste into wealth
The general growing way of water sprout is prosperous, and the bud on branch is not full, it is late to stop growing, and takes up space large, easily makes canopy, consumes a large amount of nutrients simultaneously, very unfavorable to fruit tree growth and result, generally removes to improve illumination condition in production.Suitable, the healthy and strong water sprout in preferred site of the present invention, as object, carries out grafting as the scion of quick reparation tree crown, has reduced the loss of branch pruning rate and fruit tree nutrition, and has been selected to utilize, and realization is turned waste into wealth.
Five, can realize several times a year grafting
If in spring grafting, grafting failure, can continue to select other suitable water sprout or young sprouts in the early stage (before September) in whole growth season subsequently so, again carries out not in vitro, live body grafting, until grafting survival is realized several times a year grafting.
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated: the present embodiment is implemented take technical solution of the present invention under prerequisite, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
A grafting method for the incomplete tree crown of quick reparation fruit tree, comprises the following steps:
A, February 25 days, in choosing, the dry fruit tree in young age damaging, removes dry saw in damaging, and with grafting knife, saw kerf transverse cuts is smooth, as stock, standby;
On B, the stock in steps A, select the smooth place of bark, from prune the from down to up bark of long 5 cm, wide 2 cm of 6 cm under saw kerf, on stock, leave phloem treated side, longitudinal standardized cut from treated side top, cut is through treated side center, and cut length is consistent with treated side length, till cut is deep into xylem;
C, dry from damage near, choose a water sprout for growing way stalwartness or the branch of vertical growth, after softening, be pulled to stock treated side place, on branch, select pending position, take this position as break branch is slight curving, with grafting knife, in branch length direction, cut, form the bevel of long 6 cm, cutting thickness is to cut 1/3 of branch bending place rugosity, as scion, standby;
D, with grafting knife, the cut on stock is pushed aside gently, the scion in the progressive rapid C of folder, and make the bark that cut both sides are pried open closely wrap up scion, with the plastic strip wrapping of wide 2 cm, fix;
E, on stock, fix a waddy, the upper end of scion is fixed;
F, after sprouting, sprout lightens restrictions on;
G, June 15 days, according to quantity and the direction young sprout of selecting and remain, and adjust direction and growing way according to space size, choose one upright healthy and strong sprout the tip as in dry elongated shoot, remaining,, in vertical direction with 60 ° of left and right, selects second layer major branch, carry out as required pinching, cultivate into major branch and branch group;
H, August 15 days, further adjust young sprout quantity and direction;
I, during December to February, the winter cuts, and for selecting the 3rd layer of major branch, prepares.
Claims (1)
1. repair fast a grafting method for the incomplete tree crown of fruit tree, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A, in annual late Febuary to early March, in choosing, the dry fruit tree in young age damaging, removes dry saw in damaging, and with grafting knife, saw kerf transverse cuts is smooth, as stock, standby;
On B, the stock in steps A, select the smooth place of bark, from prune the from down to up bark of long 4～6 cm, wide 1.5～2 cm of one deck of 5～8cm under saw kerf, on stock, leave treated side, longitudinal standardized cut from treated side top, cut is through this treated side center, and cut length is consistent with treated side length, till cut is deep into xylem;
C, dry from damage near, choose a water sprout for growing way stalwartness or the branch of vertical growth, after softening, be pulled to stock treated side place, on branch, select pending position, take this position as break is by branch bending, with grafting knife, in branch length direction, cut, form the bevel of long 4～7 cm, cutting thickness is 1/4～1/3 of break place branch thick, as scion, standby;
D, with grafting knife, the cut on stock is pushed aside gently, the scion in the progressive rapid C of folder, and make the bark that cut both sides are pried open closely wrap up scion, with the plastic strip wrapping of wide 1.5～2cm, fix;
E, on stock, fix a waddy, the upper end of scion is fixed;
F, after sprout sprouts, choose a upright healthy and strong sprout as in dry elongated shoot, remaining is in vertical direction with 60 ° of overturning angles;
G, 6～July be according to quantity and the direction young sprout of selecting and remain, and adjust direction and growing way according to space size, carries out pinching, cultivates into major branch and a branch group;
H, 8～September are further adjusted young sprout quantity and direction, select second layer major branch;
I, winter in 11～February cut, and select the 3rd layer of major branch.
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| CN201310063416.3A CN103120098B (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2013-02-28 | Grafting method capable of rapidly fixing incomplete crown of fruit tree |
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| CN105432326B (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2017-12-29 | 德化县戴云花卉苗木农民合作社 | Tea oil tree does the cultivating technique of stock grafting camellia |
| CN104396596B (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-02-01 | 浙江百花园林集团有限公司 | Reparation method of large-area bark loss of landscape tree trunk |
| CN104396579A (en) * | 2014-11-15 | 2015-03-11 | 山东潍坊东盛园艺有限公司 | Method for grafting vertical tree and rapidly increasing crowns |
| CN108184516A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-22 | 金寨县富东生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of Carya dabieshanensis Production trunk reparation and tree vigo(u)r restoration methods |
| CN108738827B (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2021-07-23 | 迁西县五为生物科技有限公司 | Method for repairing fruit tree diseases and residual bone branches by utilizing overgrown branch bridging |
| CN108575512A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-09-28 | 迁西县五为生物科技有限公司 | Dry, skeleton branch many places damaged part the method using sapling reparation fruit tree center |
| CN108668665A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-19 | 迁西县五为生物科技有限公司 | Disease, the method for residual skeleton branch reparation on top fruit sprayer |
| CN110249824B (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2021-03-26 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Method for repairing injured macadamia nut trees |
| CN111108934A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-08 | 毕巧玲 | Grafting repair method for diseased persimmon trees |
| CN115643965B (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-06-27 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for improving powdery mildew resistance of high-quality rubber tree product seeds |
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