CN109892160B - Introduction and cultivation method of Vietnamese passion fruit - Google Patents
Introduction and cultivation method of Vietnamese passion fruit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and discloses a method for introducing and cultivating Vietnamese passion fruit, which comprises a cultivation frame group consisting of upright posts fixed on the ground, wherein the longitudinal distance between the cultivation frame group and the upright posts is 0.4-0.8 m, fluorescent lamps are arranged in the cultivation frame group, transverse S-shaped brackets are arranged at the tops of three adjacent upright posts which are transversely arranged, the distances from the highest point and the lowest point of each transverse S-shaped bracket to the ground are 1.7-1.93 m and 1.58-1.65 m respectively, and steel wire ropes which are transversely and longitudinally arranged are arranged at the tops of the cultivation frame group; comprises the steps of field planting of passion fruit, cultivation and traction of branches and tendrils. The invention enlarges the growth space of the passion fruit branches and tendrils in unit area, enhances the total photosynthesis, and has high fruiting rate and good fruit quality of the tendrils; the artificial supplementary illumination of a fluorescent lamp is adopted, so that the coloring rate of the passion fruit is improved, the synthesis of fruit polysaccharide is promoted, and the sweetness of the passion fruit is improved; through manual watering, the daily rainfall of the passion fruit is evenly distributed, the healthy internode length and number are ensured, and the flowering quality and the fruit yield are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to an introduction cultivation method of Vietnamese passion fruit.
Background
Passion fruit, also known as eggfruit and passionflower, is a perennial evergreen vine plant in tropical and subtropical zones, and is rich in amino acids, multiple vitamins, carotenoids, superoxide dismutase, selenium and various trace elements required by human bodies. There are 165 compounds in passion fruit juice, which constitute a special flavour. The common edible passion fruit has the effects of refreshing, beautifying, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, helping digestion, reducing phlegm and relieving cough, relieving constipation, promoting blood circulation and building body, improving the immunologic function of a human body, nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, eliminating fatigue, reducing blood pressure and blood fat, delaying aging and resisting hypertension; the root, stem and leaf of passion fruit have the effects of diminishing inflammation, relieving pain, reducing blood fat and blood pressure and the like.
The passion fruit has unique flavor and high utilization value, and is not in demand in the market. During the period of off-line of the passion fruit in China, the vietnamese passion fruit occupies the domestic market. Because Vietnam is in the south of the line of return to the north, the illumination is sufficient, the rainfall is abundant, compared with the passion fruit produced in China, the sugar content of the Vietnam passion fruit is higher, and the passion fruit is popular with consumers.
The method is an essential measure for introducing and cultivating the Vietnamese passion fruit to achieve the quality and the taste of the Vietnamese passion fruit, and enhancing the photosynthesis and the rainfall capacity of the passion fruit. The method for enhancing the photosynthesis of the passion fruit comprises the following steps: 1. increasing the illumination time; 2. the growing space of the passion fruit branches and tendrils is increased, and gaps among the branches and tendrils are increased so as to enhance the light transmittance among the branches and the leaves.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides the introduction and cultivation method of the Vietnamese passion fruit, which can effectively enhance the photosynthesis of the Vietnamese passion fruit in the domestic planting process and improve the sugar content, the fruit quality and the quality of the fruit.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for introducing and cultivating Vietnamese passion fruit comprises arranging cultivation frame groups on upright posts fixed on the ground, wherein the cultivation frame groups are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the longitudinal distance between the cultivation frame groups is 0.4-0.8 m; fluorescent lamps are arranged on the ground in the cultivation frame group, the irradiation direction of the fluorescent lamps is upward, the fluorescent lamps are transversely arranged between the two rows of upright posts of the cultivation frame group, and the distance between the adjacent fluorescent lamps is 2.5-4 m; the distance between adjacent upright columns which are transversely arranged is 3.2m to 4.5m, the distance between adjacent upright columns which are longitudinally arranged in each row of cultivation frame group is 4.3m to 5.5m, and the distance between the top ends of the upright columns and the ground is 1.65m to 1.7 m; the top parts of three adjacent upright columns which are transversely arranged are provided with transverse S-shaped brackets, the distance between the highest point of each transverse S-shaped bracket and the ground is 1.7-1.93 m, the distance between the lowest point of each transverse S-shaped bracket and the ground is 1.58-1.65 m, and steel wire ropes which are transversely and longitudinally arranged are arranged between the top parts of the upright columns which are longitudinally arranged in the cultivation frame group and between the transverse S-shaped brackets which are longitudinally arranged;
the cultivation method further comprises the following steps:
1) planting passion fruit plants on the land between the transversely arranged upright posts, wherein the spacing between the planted plants is 2 meters; during field planting, applying a base fertilizer into the field planting holes, covering with surface mellow soil dug during hole digging, wherein the thickness of the surface mellow soil is 10-17cm, placing the planted plants on the mellow soil for field planting, filling soil in layers, tightly treading and compacting, pouring enough root fixing water after planting, and covering with straws;
2) timely picking off axillary buds on the main vines after the main vines are planted and matured, wiping once a week, erecting climbing frames when the main vines grow to 40-50cm, and guiding the main vines to be planted on the cultivation frame groups;
3) after the main vines are put on the shelf, two first-level vines are cultured, the growth directions of the two first-level vines are adjusted manually, the two first-level vines are symmetrically pulled relative to a longitudinal vertical plane where the main vines are located, and an included angle between the two first-level vines is 90-110 degrees; when the primary vines grow to 0.9-1.3 m, pinching, respectively culturing two secondary vines serving as fruiting mother branches by each primary vine, and manually adjusting the growth directions of the two secondary vines, wherein the two secondary vines are respectively positioned at two sides of the primary vines and are vertical to the primary vines; when the second-level vines grow to 1.5-1.9 m, pinching, and respectively culturing three third-level vines on two sides of the second-level vines to serve as bearing branches, wherein the three third-level vines on the two sides of the second-level vines are symmetrically distributed, and an included angle between every two adjacent third-level vines is 35-45 degrees; promoting the third-level vines to sprout the fourth-level vines according to the growth conditions of the third-level vines and the residual space on the cultivation frame groups, and enabling the fourth-level vines to naturally droop to serve as bearing branches;
4) in the conventional management process of passion fruit cultivation, the fluorescent lamp is turned on as required, and water is supplemented manually according to the rainfall in each period of time.
Further, pruning spring scissors and summer and autumn scissors planted in the second year according to a conventional pruning mode, reserving a first-stage vine and a second-stage vine after harvesting the last batch of fruits planted in the second year in winter, reserving the length of the second-stage vine to be 60cm-90cm, pruning all the rest branches, simultaneously cutting off weak branches and insect-infected branches on the reserved second-stage vine, and drawing a newly-extracted third-stage vine and a newly-extracted fourth-stage vine according to the mode in the step 3) in the later-stage re-branching process; the pruning mode ensures that the first-stage vines and the second-stage vines are stronger and healthier, the fruiting rate of the later-extracted vines is higher, and the fruit quality is better.
Further, starting a fluorescent lamp 7-14 days before the first flowering period of the first batch every year to increase the illumination time of the passion fruit plants, and adjusting the starting time of the fluorescent lamp according to the actual natural illumination time of the passion fruit on the day, wherein the total illumination time per day is 9-11 h; and starting the fluorescent lamp every 1-1.5h every day from the beginning of the first batch of flowering period to the end of the last batch of fruits before the fruits are ripe, wherein the starting time of the fluorescent lamp is 2-2.5h every time.
According to the technical scheme, the illumination is supplemented manually by the fluorescent lamp, so that the illumination of the passion fruit is close to or even reaches the local illumination of Vietnam, the coloring rate of the passion fruit is improved, the synthesis of fruit polysaccharide is promoted, and the sweetness of the passion fruit is improved.
Furthermore, according to the rainfall of the weather forecast broadcast in the last week, manual watering is carried out, and the sum of the daily watering amount and the daily rainfall amount is 4-6 mm.
According to the technical scheme, the average daily rainfall in the growth process of the passion fruit is controlled through manual watering, the healthy internode length and number are ensured, and the flowering quality and the fruit yield are improved.
Further, the base fertilizer comprises a decomposed organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, wherein each hole is 20-30kg of the decomposed organic fertilizer, and each hole is 1-1.5kg of the compound fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the transverse S-shaped-like support enlarges the growth space of the passion fruit branches and tendrils in unit area, and increases the sunlight transmittance, thereby enhancing the total photosynthesis of the passion fruit branches and tendrils; the pruning in winter in the second year can ensure that the first-stage vines and the second-stage vines are stronger and healthier, the fruiting rate of the vines which are extracted later is higher, and the fruit quality is better; the defects of short illumination time and relatively weak illumination intensity in China are overcome by artificially supplementing illumination through a fluorescent lamp, so that the illumination quantity of the passion fruit is close to or even reaches the local illumination quantity in Vietnam, the coloring rate of the passion fruit is improved, the synthesis of fruit polysaccharide is promoted, and the sweetness of the passion fruit is improved; by artificial watering, the daily average rainfall during the growth process of the passion fruit is controlled, so that the daily rainfall of the passion fruit is evenly distributed, the annual rainfall of the passion fruit is 1500-2000 mm, the healthy internode length and number are ensured, the flowering quality and the fruit yield are improved, the content of Zn, P, Fe and Mn which should be contained in the passion fruit is improved, and the whole nutrient metabolism and the nutrient supply of the passion fruit are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a cultivation shelf set according to the present invention;
wherein: 1. a column; 2. a cultivation rack group; 3. a fluorescent lamp; 4. a transverse S-like bracket; 5. a steel cord.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1, the introduction and cultivation method of the Vietnamese passion fruit comprises cultivation frame groups 2 erected by upright posts 1 fixed on the ground, wherein the cultivation frame groups 2 are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the longitudinal distance between the cultivation frame groups 2 is 0.4-0.8 m; fluorescent lamps 3 are arranged on the ground in the cultivation frame group 2, the irradiation directions of the fluorescent lamps 3 are upward, the fluorescent lamps 3 are transversely arranged between the two rows of upright posts 1 of the cultivation frame group 2, and the distance between every two adjacent fluorescent lamps 3 is 2.5-4 m; the distance between the adjacent upright posts 1 which are transversely arranged is 3.2m to 4.5m, the distance between the adjacent upright posts 1 which are longitudinally arranged in each row of cultivation frame group 2 is 4.3m to 5.5m, and the distance between the top ends of the upright posts 1 and the ground is 1.65m to 1.7 m; the top parts of three adjacent upright posts 1 which are transversely arranged are provided with transverse S-shaped brackets 4, the distance between the highest point of each transverse S-shaped bracket 4 and the ground is 1.7-1.93 m, the distance between the lowest point of each transverse S-shaped bracket 4 and the ground is 1.58-1.65 m, and steel wire ropes 5 which are transversely and longitudinally arranged are arranged between the top parts of the upright posts 1 which are longitudinally arranged in the cultivation frame group 2 and between the transverse S-shaped brackets 4 which are longitudinally arranged;
the cultivation method further comprises the following steps:
1) planting passion fruit plants on the land between the transversely arranged upright posts 1, wherein the spacing between the planted plants is 2 meters; during field planting, applying base fertilizers into the field planting holes, wherein the base fertilizers comprise decomposed organic fertilizers and compound fertilizers, the decomposed organic fertilizers are 20-30kg per hole, the compound fertilizers are 1-1.5kg per hole, the surface mellow soil dug out during hole digging is used for covering, the covering thickness of the surface mellow soil is 10-17cm, the planted plants are placed on the mellow soil for field planting, filling soil in layers, tightly treading and compacting, enough root fixing water is poured after planting, and straws are covered, the decomposed organic fertilizers in the embodiment are 20kg per hole, the compound fertilizers are 1kg per hole, and the covering thickness of the surface mellow soil is 10 cm;
2) timely picking off axillary buds on the main vines after planting and maturing, wiping once a week, erecting climbing frames when the main vines grow to 40-50cm, and guiding the main vines to grow on the cultivation frame group 2, wherein the growth length of the main vines in the step is 50 cm;
3) after the main vines are put on the shelf, two first-level vines are cultured, the growth directions of the two first-level vines are adjusted manually, the two first-level vines are symmetrically pulled relative to a longitudinal vertical plane where the main vines are located, the included angle between the two first-level vines is 90-110 degrees, and the included angle is 110 degrees in the embodiment; when the primary vines grow to 0.9-1.3 m, the length is 1.3m in the embodiment, pinching is carried out, two secondary vines are cultured on each primary vine respectively to serve as fruiting mother branches, the growth directions of the two secondary vines are adjusted manually, and the two secondary vines are located on two sides of the primary vines respectively and are perpendicular to the primary vines; when the secondary vines grow to 1.5-1.9 m, the length is 1.6m in the embodiment, pinching is carried out, three tertiary vines are respectively cultured on two sides of the secondary vines to be used as fruiting branches, the tertiary vines on the two sides of the secondary vines are symmetrically distributed, and the included angle between the adjacent tertiary vines on each side is 35-45 degrees in the embodiment; promoting the third-level vines to sprout the fourth-level vines according to the growth conditions of the third-level vines and the residual space on the cultivation frame group 2, and enabling the fourth-level vines to naturally droop to serve as bearing branches;
4) in the conventional management process of passion fruit cultivation, spring scissors and summer and autumn scissors planted in the second year are trimmed in a conventional trimming mode, a first-stage vine and a second-stage vine are reserved after the last batch of fruits are harvested in winter planted in the second year, the reserved length of the second-stage vine is 60cm-90cm, in the embodiment, 90cm, the rest branches are all trimmed, meanwhile, weak branches and insect-disease branches on the reserved second-stage vine are cut off, and in the later-stage re-branching process, newly-extracted third-stage vines and fourth-stage vines are pulled in the mode in the step 3);
5) in the conventional management process of passion fruit cultivation, 7 to 14 days before the first flowering period of a batch of passion fruits every year, preferably 7 days in the embodiment, the fluorescent lamp 3 is started to increase the illumination time of passion fruit plants, the starting time of the fluorescent lamp 3 is adjusted according to the actual natural illumination time of the passion fruits on the day, the total illumination time per day is 9 to 11 hours, and the total illumination time in the embodiment is 9 hours; starting the fluorescent lamp 3 every 1-1.5h every day from the beginning of the first batch of flowering period to the end of the last batch of fruits before ripening, wherein the starting time of the fluorescent lamp 3 is 1.5h in the embodiment, and the starting time of the fluorescent lamp 3 is 2-2.5h in the embodiment, 2h in the embodiment;
6) in the conventional management process of passion fruit cultivation, artificial watering is carried out according to the rainfall of nearly one week broadcasted by weather forecast, so that the sum of the daily watering amount and the daily rainfall amount is 4-6 mm, in the embodiment, 4.5 mm;
the cultivation frame group 2 of the invention is composed of the horizontal S-shaped-like support 4 to form the wave-shaped top, compared with the conventional flat-top support, the cultivation frame group 2 of the invention enlarges the growth space of the passion fruit branches and tendrils in unit area, increases the gaps between the passion fruit branches and tendrils on the premise of ensuring the conventional fruit bearing amount, and increases the sunlight transmittance, thereby enhancing the total photosynthesis of the passion fruit branches and tendrils; in addition, the first-stage vines and the second-stage vines can be made to be stronger and healthier through the large action pruning in winter in the second year, so that the fruiting rate of the later-extracted vines is higher, and the fruit quality is better; meanwhile, the defects of short illumination time and relatively weak illumination intensity in China are overcome by artificially supplementing illumination through the fluorescent lamp 3, so that the illumination quantity of the passion fruit is close to or even reaches the local illumination quantity in Vietnam, the coloring rate of the passion fruit is improved, the synthesis of fruit polysaccharide is promoted, and the sweetness of the passion fruit is improved; by artificial watering, the daily average rainfall during the growth process of the passion fruit is controlled, so that the daily rainfall of the passion fruit is evenly distributed, the annual rainfall of the passion fruit is 1500-2000 mm, the healthy internode length and number are ensured, the flowering quality and the fruit yield are improved, the content of Zn, P, Fe and Mn which should be contained in the passion fruit is improved, and the whole nutrient metabolism and the nutrient supply of the passion fruit are ensured.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the verification process of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The introduction cultivation method of the Vietnamese passion fruit comprises cultivation frame groups (2) erected by upright posts (1) fixed on the ground, and is characterized in that the cultivation frame groups (2) are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the longitudinal distance between the cultivation frame groups (2) is 0.4-0.8 m; fluorescent lamps (3) are arranged on the ground in the cultivation frame group (2), the irradiation direction of the fluorescent lamps (3) is upward, the fluorescent lamps (3) are transversely arranged between the two rows of upright posts (1) of the cultivation frame group (2), and the distance between every two adjacent fluorescent lamps (3) is 2.5-4 m; the distance between the adjacent upright posts (1) which are transversely arranged is 3.2m to 4.5m, the distance between the adjacent upright posts (1) which are longitudinally arranged in each row of cultivation frame group (2) is 4.3m to 5.5m, and the distance between the top ends of the upright posts (1) and the ground is 1.65m to 1.7 m; the top parts of three adjacent upright posts (1) which are transversely arranged are provided with transverse S-shaped brackets (4), the distance between the highest point of each transverse S-shaped bracket (4) and the ground is 1.7-1.93 m, the distance between the lowest point of each transverse S-shaped bracket (4) and the ground is 1.58-1.65 m, and steel wire ropes (5) which are transversely and longitudinally arranged are arranged between the top parts of the upright posts (1) which are longitudinally arranged in the cultivation frame group (2) and between the transverse S-shaped brackets (4) which are longitudinally arranged;
the cultivation method further comprises the following steps:
1) planting passion fruit plants on the land between the transversely arranged upright posts (1), wherein the spacing between the planted plants is 2 meters; during field planting, applying a base fertilizer into the field planting holes, covering with surface mellow soil dug during hole digging, wherein the thickness of the surface mellow soil is 10-17cm, placing the planted plants on the mellow soil for field planting, filling soil in layers, tightly treading and compacting, pouring enough root fixing water after planting, and covering with straws;
2) after the planting is mature, the axillary buds on the main vines are picked off in time, the axillary buds are wiped once a week, when the main vines grow to 40-50cm, climbing frames are erected, and the main vines are guided to be planted on the cultivation frame group (2);
3) after the main vines are put on the shelf, two first-level vines are cultured, the growth directions of the two first-level vines are adjusted manually, the two first-level vines are symmetrically pulled relative to a longitudinal vertical plane where the main vines are located, and an included angle between the two first-level vines is 90-110 degrees; when the primary vines grow to 0.9-1.3 m, pinching, respectively culturing two secondary vines serving as fruiting mother branches by each primary vine, and manually adjusting the growth directions of the two secondary vines, wherein the two secondary vines are respectively positioned at two sides of the primary vines and are vertical to the primary vines; when the second-level vines grow to 1.5-1.9 m, pinching, and respectively culturing three third-level vines on two sides of the second-level vines to serve as bearing branches, wherein the three third-level vines on the two sides of the second-level vines are symmetrically distributed, and an included angle between every two adjacent third-level vines is 35-45 degrees; promoting the third-level vines to sprout the fourth-level vines and allowing the fourth-level vines to naturally droop to serve as bearing branches according to the growth conditions of the third-level vines and the residual space on the cultivation frame group (2);
4) in the conventional management process of passion fruit cultivation, the fluorescent lamp (3) is turned on as required, and water is supplemented manually according to the rainfall in each period of time.
2. The method for introducing and cultivating the passion fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spring shears and the summer and autumn shears for the second year are planted and trimmed in a conventional trimming manner, the first-stage vines and the second-stage vines are reserved after the last batch of fruits are harvested in winter for the second year, the reserved length of the second-stage vines is 60cm-90cm, all the rest vines are trimmed, meanwhile, weak branches and insect-infected branches on the reserved second-stage vines are cut off, and during the later-stage re-branching process, the newly-extracted third-stage vines and fourth-stage vines are pulled in a manner in step 3).
3. The introduction cultivation method of the Vietnamese passion fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, 7-14 days before the first flowering phase of the first batch of the year, a daylight lamp (3) is turned on to increase the illumination time of passion fruit plants, and the turning on time of the daylight lamp (3) is adjusted according to the actual natural illumination time of the passion fruit on the day, wherein the total illumination time per day is 9-11 h; and starting the fluorescent lamp (3) every 1-1.5h every day from the beginning of the first batch of flowering period to the end of the last batch of fruits before the fruits are ripe, wherein the time for starting the fluorescent lamp (3) every time is 2-2.5 h.
4. The method for introducing and cultivating the passion fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein artificial watering is performed according to the rainfall of the weather forecast broadcast in the last week, so that the sum of the daily watering amount and the daily rainfall amount is between 4mm and 6 mm.
5. The method for introducing and cultivating the passion fruit of Vietnamese according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer comprises a decomposed organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, the decomposed organic fertilizer is 20-30kg per hole, and the compound fertilizer is 1-1.5kg per hole.
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| DE3933198C2 (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1993-10-21 | Menzel Hans C | Bar grating |
| CN2194066Y (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1995-04-12 | 邬卫城 | Arched shed frame for agricultural vine crops |
| CN101253846B (en) * | 2008-04-01 | 2010-09-29 | 中国农业大学 | Passionflower tree type nutrient fluid cultivation method |
| CN104904544A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-16 | 广西大学 | Segmented fruit-setting cultivation technique for passion fruit tissue culture seedlings |
| CN205584893U (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-21 | 施甸县傣荣果蔬有限公司 | Vine cane plant scrambles support |
| CN106069484B (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2019-01-18 | 柳江县水果生产办公室 | Passion fruit cultural method |
| CN106258736A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 柳州市勤瑞农副产品有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of Passifolra edulis tissue cultured seedling segmentation setting |
| CN106258372A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 柳州市勤瑞农副产品有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Caulis et folium pavettae hongkongensis Passifolra edulis |
| CN107493865A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-22 | 平南县正达农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich passion fruit |
| CN207443646U (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-06-05 | 泉州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of tomato climbs climing frame |
| CN207399990U (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-05-25 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of sponge gourd growth supporting rack |
| CN107821039A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-03-23 | 广西***乾福真家庭农场 | A kind of passion fruit implantation methods |
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