CN103168608B - Grape cuttage root-forcing growing method - Google Patents
Grape cuttage root-forcing growing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103168608B CN103168608B CN201310135635.8A CN201310135635A CN103168608B CN 103168608 B CN103168608 B CN 103168608B CN 201310135635 A CN201310135635 A CN 201310135635A CN 103168608 B CN103168608 B CN 103168608B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grape cuttage root-forcing growing method, relates to planting of a plant and belongs to the field of agricultural planting. The grape cuttage root-forcing growing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: with an eugenic grape vine as a cutting, stumping and shearing 1cm away from a snip at the upper end of the cutting, shearing 0.5cm close to a knot of the snip at the lower end in an inclined manner, after the cutting is cut, placing the cutting in water formed by diluting fermented glutinous rice for 100-500 times, and soaking for 12-24 hours until the snip is bright green and moisture saturation is achieved; then dipping 1-2cm of the base of the cutting with medicine; and then carrying out cutting seedling outdoors. The grape cuttage root-forcing growing method disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the cutting is soaked by an aqueous solution formed by diluting the fermented glutinous rice for 100-500 times, metabolism of plants can be improved, and synthesis of carbohydrate and growth and development of the plants can be promoted; then 1-2cm of the base of the cutting is dipped with the medicine; and the cutting branch is high in survival rate and takes root quickly. The grape cuttage root-forcing growing method disclosed by the invention is simple in process, low in cost and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plantation of a Plants, belong to agricultural planting field, the implantation methods of root is urged in specifically a kind of grape cuttage.
Background technology
Grape (Grapes), is named again Portugal, is Vitis defoliation liana, is one of the world's four large fruit, and in China's cultivation history of existing thousand, Gansu is one of China's viticulture area the earliest.Grape happiness photosensitiveness is strong, and under the condition of illumination abundance, blade is thick and dark green, and photosynthesis is strong, and plant strain growth is sturdy, and flower bud areloe is many, and berry sugar content is high and sweet, and output is high; Plantation grape humidity is difficult for excessive, before blooming rainfall many, young sprout over growth, consumes plant and reserves nutrient; Florescence is rainy, is fertilized bad, causes fallen flowers; Loose phase to the maturing stage of fruit is rainy, insufficient light, and pol is low, painted bad, low quality, and easy dehiscent fruit.Grape, except edible as fresh fruit, is mainly used in wine brewing, can also make the processed goods such as must, raisins and can.In grape, contain protein, amino acid, lecithin, mineral calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin B1, B2, B6, C, P and sugar (glucose) etc., easily directly absorbed by the body, make its delicious taste, be of high nutritive value, there is the sleep of improvement, qi-restoratives stomach invigorating, nourishing the liver texts, welcomed by the people.
Grape is the fruit tree that a kind of adaptability is very strong, has the advantages that rootability is strong, can carry out cottage propagation, accelerates breeding of grape variety, and can be good at keeping its hereditary capacity.Although Gansu grape and wine cause have obtained proud achievement in recent years, but compare with area with advanced country, the resources advantage of Gansu grape industry is not really converted into economic advantages, still exist suitable gap to comprise that grape per unit area yield is low, quality is uneven, breed structure is unreasonable, good numerous and commodity production base does not match, culture technique is lack of standardization, production management imperfection, new varieties, new technology, new results are not fully applied, and fund and technology insufficient investment etc., seriously restricted the orderly, fast-developing of this strong industry of grape.
The development of China's grape industry will present bright prospects.West area is undoubtedly the most superior area of natural conditions in national grape industry development, progressively realizes grape batch production, industrialization.The cuttage of grape urge the improvement of root technology be mainly aimed at cutting go out root fast, go out that root is neat, survival rate is high, not only need orchard worker's level that possesses skills also to need a locking equipment, on producing, note the selections such as kind selection, branch selection, matrix selection, cutting technology simultaneously.Therefore, traditional grape cottage propagation mode is more complicated technically, does not meet that modern agriculture is simple, actual effect, low consumed principle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of grape cuttage to urge the implantation methods of root, can improve planting benefit by the inventive method, reduce wine-growing risk, grape survival rate is significantly improved, and operation is simple, really reach high-quality, high yield, nuisanceless.
For achieving the above object, the implantation methods of root is urged in a kind of grape cuttage of the present invention, it is characterized in that: eugonic grape vine is made as to cutting, cut apart from bud 1cm place stump at cutting upper end clip, lower end clip is tiltedly cut near joint 0.5cm place, after cutting shears, put into the water of 100～500 times of weight of fermented glutinour rice dilution is soaked to 12～24h, be emerald green to clip and reach water saturation; Then cuttage bar base portion 1～2cm is dipped with medicine; Outdoor cuttage and seedling culture is to start to be advisable when soil temperature reaches more than 8～10 DEG C early spring.
Described fermented glutinour rice is the commercially available fermented glutinour rice of brewageing, the dilution fermented glutinour rice using is for by 100～500 times of weight of former fermented glutinour rice thin up, fermented glutinour rice contains carbohydrate, protein, B family vitamin, mineral matter etc., can improve plant metabolism, promotes synthesizing of carbohydrate and growing of plant.
Described medicine is prepared from by the raw material of following percentage by weight: the fleece-flower root 5～10%, Kelp Powder 5～10%, Fructus Aurantii 5～10%, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS 5～10%, zinc gluconate 1～2% surplus are water; Its preparation method is: above-mentioned amount solid is beaten to powder and cross 100 mesh sieves, normal temperature clear water boils after soaking 30～45min, is filtered to get filtrate, and filtrate is dried in the air and made after normal temperature adds the zinc gluconate of aforementioned proportion to mix, for subsequent use.
The implantation methods of root is urged in a kind of grape cuttage of the present invention, and its implementation is as follows:
One, nursery is selected:
Nursery should select that physical features is smooth, loosing soil, be easy to sand loam or loam is advisable near water source, irrigation and drainage, and consider convenient management, stay and produce path and irrigation and drainage path etc., before nursery is freezed in the winter time, the 50cm that deep plough, then fertilising, after being mixed, spreads fertilizer over the fields in surface by fertilizer, thick rake one time, keeps soil moisture content, and then the whole furrow of ridging are for subsequent use;
Two, choose cutting:
Cutting is taken out in storage canal, cut and cut by Len req, single stem cutting bar length 5～10cm, two buds or 3 bud cutting 10～20cm, more than cutting rugosity 0.5cm, internode length is even, eye is full, and marrow is no more than 1/3 of cutting diameter, and cutting color of the leather Huang is to bronzing, anosis worm, cuts while cutting, and cutting upper end clip is cut apart from bud 1cm place stump, lower end clip is tiltedly cut near the upper 0.5cm of joint place, after cutting shears, every 50 or 100 are bundled into a bundle, and root to be urged or cuttage are used;
Three, soak bar before inserting:
Shearing bundled the putting into of cuttage bar for subsequent use, the water of 100～500 times of weight of fermented glutinour rice dilution is soaked to 12～24h, be emerald green to clip and reach water saturation; Then cuttage bar base portion 1～2cm is dipped with containing the medicine that the fleece-flower root 5～10%, Kelp Powder 5～10%, Fructus Aurantii 5～10%, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS 5～10%, zinc gluconate 1～2% surplus are water;
Four, cutting time:
Outdoor cuttage and seedling culture is to start to be advisable when soil temperature reaches more than 8～10 DEG C early spring;
Five, cottage method: insert on ridge or furrow are inserted:
1. insert on ridge: by thin nursery deep ploughing rake, East and West direction ridging, line-spacing 50cm left and right, first dig ditch dark, wide each 15～20cm, ditch soil northwards turns over, and forms the rib of high 20cm, then the cutting of handling well is inserted by the spacing in the rows of 10～15cm along furrow bank, when cutting is long, tiltable is inserted, terminal bud is upwards towards south, the covering of fetching earth from ditch south subsequently, having peace of mind, water permeable after earthing again, make fine earth exceed terminal bud 3～5cm;
2. furrow are inserted: the nursery that deep ploughing is carefully raked after whole, and north-south is made into the furrow of wide 1～1.5m, the long 20～30m of furrow, in furrow, press line-spacing 25～30cm ditching, ditch depth 10cm, inserts cutting in ditch, spacing in the rows is by 10～15cm, and terminal bud is equal with ground, eye upwards, be exposed to the sun, fine earth covers 3～5cm for cutting, water permeable, intertillage in time after water oozes down, while having ready conditions, can be after intertillage overlay film, in order to soil moisture conservation and temperature raising, short rooting of cuttings.
The implantation methods of root is urged in a kind of grape cuttage of the present invention, its beneficial effect is: the present invention adopts cuttings to use the aqueous solution soaking of 100～500 times of weight of dilution fermented glutinour rice, absorb water to saturated, because fermented glutinour rice contains carbohydrate, protein, B family vitamin, mineral matter etc., plant metabolism be can improve, synthesizing of carbohydrate and growing of plant promoted; Then cuttage bar base portion 1～2cm is dipped with medicine; In medicine, contain the fleece-flower root, Kelp Powder, Fructus Aurantii, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS, zinc gluconate, its compatibility is exquisite rationally make cuttage branch survival rate high, take root fast; Technique of the present invention is simple, and invention cost is lower, is easy to promote.
Embodiment
Following examples are that the present invention further goes out to set forth.
Embodiment 1
One, nursery is selected:
Nursery should select that physical features is smooth, loosing soil, be easy to sand loam near water source, irrigation and drainage, before nursery is freezed in the winter time, the 50cm that deep plough, then will execute after phosphate fertilizer 50kg/ mu, muck 3000kg/ mu mix and spread fertilizer over the fields in surface, thick rake one time, the more whole furrow of ridging are for subsequent use;
Two, choose cutting:
Cutting is taken out in storage canal, cut and cut by Len req, single stem cutting bar length 5cm, two bud cutting 20cm, more than cutting rugosity 0.5cm, internode length is even, eye is full, and marrow is no more than 1/3 of cutting diameter, and cutting color of the leather Huang is to bronzing, anosis worm, cuts while cutting, and cutting upper end clip is cut apart from bud 1cm place stump, lower end clip is tiltedly cut near the upper 0.5cm of joint place, after cutting shears, every 50 or 100 are bundled into a bundle, and root to be urged or cuttage are used;
Three, soak bar before inserting:
Shearing bundled the putting into of cuttage bar for subsequent use, the water of 100 times of weight of fermented glutinour rice dilution is soaked to 12h, be emerald green to clip and reach water saturation; Then cuttage bar base portion 1cm is dipped with medicine; Medicine is water for containing the fleece-flower root 5%, Kelp Powder 5%, Fructus Aurantii 5%, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS 5%, zinc gluconate 1% surplus, the solid of above-mentioned weight portion is beaten to powder and cross 100 mesh sieves, normal temperature clear water boils after soaking 30min, filtered to get filtrate, filtrate is dried in the air and made after normal temperature adds the zinc gluconate of aforementioned proportion to mix;
Four, cutting time:
Outdoor cuttage and seedling culture is to start to be advisable when soil temperature reaches more than 8 DEG C early spring;
Five, cottage method:
Insert on ridge: by thin nursery deep ploughing rake, East and West direction ridging, line-spacing 50cm left and right, first dig ditch dark, wide each 15cm, ditch soil northwards turns over, and forms the rib of high 20cm, then the cutting of handling well is inserted by the spacing in the rows of 10cm along furrow bank, when cutting is long, tiltable is inserted, terminal bud is upwards towards south, the covering of fetching earth from ditch south subsequently, having peace of mind, water permeable after earthing again, make fine earth exceed terminal bud 3cm.
Embodiment 2
One, nursery is selected:
Nursery should select that physical features is smooth, loosing soil, be easy to sand loam near water source, irrigation and drainage, before nursery is freezed in the winter time, the 50cm that deep plough, then will execute after phosphate fertilizer 50kg/ mu, muck 3000kg/ mu mix and spread fertilizer over the fields in surface, thick rake one time, the more whole furrow of ridging are for subsequent use;
Two, choose cutting:
Cutting is taken out in storage canal, cut and cut by Len req, single stem cutting bar length 10cm, 3 bud cutting 10cm, more than cutting rugosity 0.5cm, internode length is even, eye is full, and marrow is no more than 1/3 of cutting diameter, and cutting color of the leather Huang is to bronzing, anosis worm, cuts while cutting, and cutting upper end clip is cut apart from bud 1cm place stump, lower end clip is tiltedly cut near the upper 0.5cm of joint place, after cutting shears, every 50 or 100 are bundled into a bundle, and root to be urged or cuttage are used;
Three, soak bar before inserting:
Shearing bundled the putting into of cuttage bar for subsequent use, the water of 500 times of weight of fermented glutinour rice dilution is soaked to 24h, be emerald green to clip and reach water saturation; Then cuttage bar base portion 2cm is dipped with medicine; Medicine is water for containing the fleece-flower root 10%, Kelp Powder 10%, Fructus Aurantii 10%, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS 10%, zinc gluconate 2% surplus, the solid of above-mentioned weight portion is beaten to powder and cross 100 mesh sieves, normal temperature clear water boils after soaking 30min, filtered to get filtrate, filtrate is dried in the air and made after normal temperature adds the zinc gluconate of aforementioned proportion to mix;
Four, cutting time:
Outdoor cuttage and seedling culture is to start to be advisable when soil temperature reaches more than 10 DEG C early spring;
Five, cottage method:
Furrow are inserted: the nursery that deep ploughing is carefully raked after whole, and north-south is made into wide 1 furrow, the long 20m of furrow, in furrow, press line-spacing 25cm ditching, ditch depth 10cm, inserts cutting in ditch, spacing in the rows is pressed 10cm, and terminal bud is equal with ground, eye upwards, Chaoyang, cutting covers 3cm with fine earth, water permeable, after water oozes down in time intertillage, while having ready conditions, can be after intertillage overlay film, in order to soil moisture conservation and temperature raising, short rooting of cuttings.
The implantation methods checking of root is urged in a kind of grape cuttage of the present invention:
One, fermented glutinour rice urge root effect
1. test method:
Testing grape variety used is longan, the box-packed fermented glutinour rice of high-quality that fermented glutinour rice is produced with Lanzhou food factory.100 times, 200 times, three processing of contrast, each processing 30 root cuttings are established in experiment altogether.First soak after 12h cutting cutting (2～3 bud) clear water cutting, soak the cutting base portion moon 1/3 12h of place with fermented glutinour rice and the clear water of 100 times, 200 times respectively by three processing again, then processing straight vertical respectively by three patches in three wooden cases filling husky and wood chip (2 parts of sand of 3 parts of wood chips mix), be positioned under natural conditions, keep certain humidity to spray water.After 50 days, branch is all tripped out, root system has been carried out to the investigation (table 1) of the aspect such as quantity and length.
Table 1 fermented glutinour rice is urged root effect to grape cutting
2. experimental result:
Can find out from experimental result, fermented glutinour rice has and significantly urges root effect grape, concentration with 100 times for well;
And the cutting of fermented glutinour rice processing, internode also can be taken root in a large number, and root system is sturdy, and the growth potential of acrial part is also significantly better than contrast.
Two, the effect of increasing production of fermented glutinour rice
1. test method
Experimental cultivar is that life in 5 years " white banana ", fermented glutinour rice are the same.Spraying concentration is 300 times, 400 times and 500 times, establishes water spray for contrast, totally 4 processing, each processing 15 strains, repeat 3 times, all processing are all sprayed three times, start each spray of maturing stage 1 time at flowering stage, berry expansion period, berry, all sprayings after 4 in the afternoon, taking blade back as main, spray is all over whole strain.
2. experimental result:
Gather, each processing is measured output, fringe product, grain weight and soluble solid.Its result is as table 2.Result finds out that the fermented glutinour rice of 400～500 times has obvious effect of increasing production to grape by experiment, its grain weight, fringe weight and output are all higher than contrast, the processing that 100-grain weight is 500 times increases by 6.9% than contrast, fringe weighs the processing of 400 times increases by 21.1% than contrast, total processing of producing 500 times increases production 29.70% than contrast, but soluble solid does not have significant difference.
The effect of increasing production of table 2 fermented glutinour rice spray grape
In sum, show by above-mentioned experiment, the fermented glutinour rice of cheap, ample supply and prompt delivery, can play desirable action effect to grape, it both can be in blade face spraying in vegetative period, and increase grain is heavy, fringe is heavy, improve output, and visitor is in grape cottage propagation, stimulate and take root in a large number, impel seedling strong sprout prosperous, improve seedling quality.
Claims (4)
1. the implantation methods of root is urged in a grape cuttage, it is characterized in that: eugonic grape vine is made as to cutting, cut apart from bud 1cm place stump at cutting upper end clip, lower end clip is tiltedly cut near joint 0.5cm place, after cutting shears, put into the water of 100～500 times of weight of fermented glutinour rice dilution is soaked to 12～24h, be emerald green to clip and reach water saturation; Then after cuttage bar base portion 1～2cm being dipped with medicine, carry out cuttage and seedling culture;
Described medicine is prepared from by the raw material of following percentage by weight: the fleece-flower root 5～10%, Kelp Powder 5～10%, Fructus Aurantii 5～10%, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS 5～10%, zinc gluconate 1～2% surplus are water.
2. the implantation methods of root is urged in a kind of grape cuttage as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fermented glutinour rice is the commercially available fermented glutinour rice of brewageing, and the dilution fermented glutinour rice of use is for by 100～500 times of weight of former fermented glutinour rice thin up.
3. the implantation methods of root is urged in a kind of grape cuttage as claimed in claim 1, the preparation method that it is characterized in that described medicine is: the fleece-flower root of described amount, Kelp Powder, Fructus Aurantii, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS are beaten to powder and cross 100 mesh sieves, normal temperature clear water boils after soaking 30～45min, filtered to get filtrate, filtrate is dried in the air and made after normal temperature adds 1～2% zinc gluconate to mix, for subsequent use.
4. the implantation methods of root is urged in a kind of grape cuttage as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cuttage and seedling culture is to start when soil temperature reaches 8～10 DEG C early spring.
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