CN109715968A - 用于机动车的操纵***和离合装置 - Google Patents

用于机动车的操纵***和离合装置 Download PDF

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CN109715968A
CN109715968A CN201780057872.3A CN201780057872A CN109715968A CN 109715968 A CN109715968 A CN 109715968A CN 201780057872 A CN201780057872 A CN 201780057872A CN 109715968 A CN109715968 A CN 109715968A
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clutch
arrangement
steerable system
piston cylinder
cylinder units
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CN109715968B (zh
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德克·霍夫斯特
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F16D13/38—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D13/385—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs double clutches, i.e. comprising two friction disc mounted on one driven shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F16D13/38—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D13/52—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/08—Serially-arranged clutches interconnecting two shafts only when all the clutches are engaged
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/08—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
    • F16D25/082—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/08—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
    • F16D25/082—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation
    • F16D25/083—Actuators therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/08—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
    • F16D25/082—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation
    • F16D25/087—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation the clutch being actuated by the fluid-actuated member via a diaphragm spring or an equivalent array of levers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/10—Clutch systems with a plurality of fluid-actuated clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F16D2021/0661—Hydraulically actuated multiple lamellae clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F16D2021/0676—Mechanically actuated multiple lamellae clutches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种操纵***(20)，用于操纵离合器(10)、尤其是机动车的分离离合器，操纵***包括基本呈环形的活塞气缸单元(30)以及环形的操纵轴承(40)，活塞气缸单元的活塞(31)为了操纵离合器(10)而能沿着作用方向(34)移动，操纵轴承允许在活塞气缸单元(30)与所要操纵的离合器(10)之间的旋转式相对运动，而且操纵***还包括弹簧装置(70)，用于实现逆着活塞气缸单元(30)的作用方向(34)的基本轴向作用的力(71)，其中弹簧装置(70)支撑在操纵***(20)的非旋转侧(41)。因此，利用这里提出的本发明提供了一种操纵***和一种配备有该操纵***的离合装置，该操纵***和该离合装置使较小的径向结构空间与较高使用寿命相关联。

Description

用于机动车的操纵***和离合装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种操纵***，用于离合装置、例如用于混合动力模块的离合装置，离合装置设置用于机动车、诸如客车、货车或其它商用车，而且耦合到内燃机上。本发明还涉及离合装置本身，该离合装置具有该操纵***。
背景技术
混合动力模块通常包括：连接装置，用于机械耦合内燃机；分离离合器，利用该分离离合器能将扭矩从内燃机传递到混合动力模块上而且利用该分离离合器能使混合动力模块与内燃机分离；电机，用于利用转子产生驱动扭矩；以及双离合装置，利用该双离合装置能将扭矩从电机和/或从分离离合器传递到驱动系上。该双离合装置包括第一子离合器和第二子离合器。每个布置的离合器分别分配有操纵***。
电机能够实现电动行驶、用于内燃机驱动的功率增加和动力回收。分离离合器及其操纵***负责内燃机的耦合或解耦。
如果具有双离合器的混合动力模块被集成到驱动系上，使得该混合动力模块沿扭矩传递方向位于内燃机与变速器之间，则在车辆中必须一个接一个地或者并排地布置内燃机、混合动力模块、具有其操纵***的双离合器和变速器。然而，这种布置方式有时导致结构空间的问题。
此外，各个离合器所配属的操纵***同样需要一定的结构空间，该结构空间轴向地和/或径向地延伸。
借助于相应的操纵***，主要对所要操纵的离合器施加轴向力，以便断开或接合该离合器。然而在这种情况下，操纵***或其活塞气缸单元和用于所要操纵的离合装置的传递元件常常如此设计，使得操纵***仅能有效地沿作用方向施加操纵力。这导致：在去除或降低由操纵***产生的力之后，所要操纵的离合器的离合器片虽然已经能够使它们彼此间的位置发生变化，但是有时没有实现所要操纵的离合器的所希望的完全断开或完全接合的效果。
为了在去除由操纵***产生的力之后还能将离合器片移动到所需的彼此间的相对位置，接合***或分离***必要时包括盘形弹簧，该盘形弹簧将与操纵***的作用方向相反的轴向力作用到所要操纵的离合器的元件上，使得这些离合器片完全远离彼此或完全紧贴彼此。在一些到目前为止公知的实施方式中，也布置螺旋压缩弹簧组来替代盘形弹簧。在这些已知的实施方式中不利的是，这些弹簧装置需要另外的径向结构空间，并且由于弹簧装置布置在所要操纵的离合器的旋转区域中或旋转区域上，其同样能够进行旋转运动，由此它们提供整个离合装置的转动惯量的不符合期望的一部分或提高磨损。此外，这种弹簧装置的嵌入常常必须遵循现有的结构空间比例，使得必要时必须使用结构复杂的弹簧装置，以便实现所希望的效果。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题在于，提供一种操纵***以及一种用于机动车的配备有操纵***的离合装置，该操纵***和该离合装置在结构空间较小的情况下具有长的使用寿命。
该技术问题通过根据本发明的权利要求1的操纵***以及根据本发明的权利要求7的离合装置来解决。操纵***的有利的实施方式在从属权利要求2至6中说明。离合装置的有利的设计方案在从属权利要求8和9中说明。
补充地，提供了一种根据权利要求10的用于具有驱动机的机动车的驱动装置，该驱动装置具有根据本发明的离合装置。
权利要求的特征可以以任何技术上合理的方式和方法来组合，其中为此也可以根据随后的描述以及附图的特征来进行阐述，其包括本发明的补充的设计方案。
在本发明的范围内，术语“径向”和“轴向”总是参考操纵***的或配备有该操纵***的离合装置的旋转轴线。
本发明涉及一种操纵***，用于操纵机动车的离合装置、尤其是分离离合器。该操纵***包括基本呈环形的活塞气缸单元以及环形的操纵轴承，活塞气缸单元的活塞为了操纵离合器而能基本轴向平移地沿作用方向移动，操纵轴承允许在活塞气缸单元与所要操纵的离合器之间的旋转式相对运动。操纵***还包括弹簧装置，用于实现逆着活塞气缸单元的作用方向的基本轴向作用的力，其中该弹簧装置支撑在操纵***的非旋转侧。
弹簧装置支撑在操纵***的非旋转侧，使得在所要操纵的离合器的各个部件或者整个离合器都旋转时，在弹簧装置与活塞气缸单元之间不出现相对旋转运动。
因此，根据本发明的操纵***能够实现对离合器、尤其是分离离合器的操纵，以及实现在去除由活塞气缸单元对离合器产生的力时离合器因弹簧装置的作用而断开或接合。
在此，活塞气缸单元是所谓的中央分离器或中央接合器的组成部分。
在此，弹簧装置径向上非常节约结构空间地来布置。记载的是，因为不必通过弹簧装置传递相对旋转运动，而是要求该弹簧装置基本静止，因此在操纵***中的磨损较小。由弹簧装置仅仅能克服在操纵***中的、例如由于密封摩擦和/或在管道***中的倒流压力引起的磨损。根据本发明的操纵***适用于操纵湿式的或干式的单离合器、双离合器或多重离合器。
优选地，弹簧装置通过至少一个螺旋压缩弹簧来构造。该螺旋压缩弹簧以其纵轴线与操纵***或配备有该操纵***的离合装置的旋转轴线同轴地布置。在此，不应该排除弹簧组的布置、优选地串联构造的弹簧组的布置。
在该操纵***的另外有利的设计方案中设置，活塞气缸单元布置在壳体中或布置在壳体处，其中该弹簧装置轴向地支撑在壳体上并且作用在该活塞气缸单元的活塞上。因此，弹簧装置沿轴向逆着活塞自身对离合器的作用方向作用于该活塞上，因此使得活塞在操纵活塞之后的回移。
为了确保操纵***在径向上紧凑的实施方案，壳体具有基本沿轴向延伸的部段，弹簧装置同轴地布置在该部段处或该部段上。在此，为了轴向支撑弹簧装置，优选地通过布置在壳体中的卡环来将由弹簧装置产生的轴向力引入到壳体中。
尤其是，操纵***可以如此设计，使得弹簧装置的轴向作用方向比活塞气缸单元的作用方向在径向上具有更小的相距旋转轴线的距离。在这种情况下，旋转轴线是中央旋转轴线，该中央旋转轴线由所要操纵的离合器形成。该旋转轴线对应于该操纵***的操纵轴承的旋转轴线。由此，尽管布置了弹簧装置，也可以提供在径向上要求具有极小结构空间的***。
在弹簧装置与活塞气缸单元的活塞之间还可以布置至少部分地沿径向延伸的压力件，利用该压力件能将由弹簧装置轴向产生的力传递到活塞气缸单元的活塞上。因此，利用该压力件能跨接在弹簧单元的作用方向与活塞气缸单元的作用方向之间的径向偏移，从而由弹簧装置施加的轴向力可以如此传递到活塞上，使得该活塞可以从到达的位置重新移动回来。这样实现，去除由该操纵***施加到所要操纵的离合器上的力，并且离合器可以根据离合器是常断的离合器还是常闭的离合器相应地断开或接合。
为了解决该技术问题，还提供了一种离合装置、尤其是一种用于混合动力模块的多重离合装置，用于耦合驱动机，其中所要耦合的驱动机尤其可以是内燃机。该离合装置包括离合器和根据本发明的用于操纵该离合器的操纵***，利用该离合器能将扭矩从驱动机传递到离合装置上而且利用该离合器能将离合装置与驱动机分离，其中该操纵***如此布置并且设计，使得利用该操纵***的活塞气缸单元能实现用于操纵离合器的基本轴向作用于离合器上的力。由该操纵***施加的轴向作用的力用于根据离合器作为常断离合器或者常闭离合器的实施方式来断开或接合离合器。为此，压力杯形件布置并且定向：将由活塞气缸单元经由操纵轴承轴向作用的力施加到所要操纵的离合器的离合器片上。因此，压力杯形件机械地布置在操纵轴承的旋转侧与离合器的离合器片之间。
离合装置可具有压力杯形件以及另外的弹簧装置，压力杯形件用于将由该操纵***施加的轴向力传递到离合器的离合器片上，利用另外的弹簧装置能逆着该操纵***的活塞气缸单元的作用方向地将另外的轴向力施加到压力杯形件上。因此，首先提到的弹簧装置以及另外的弹簧装置并联，其中由这两个弹簧装置施加的力逆着活塞气缸单元的作用方向地作用在活塞气缸单元上，以便由活塞气缸单元在离合器中实现的离合器片的轴向移动可以回移。布置另外的弹簧装置的优点在于，借此将所要操纵的离合器的离合器片主动地分离并且辅助首先提到的、支撑在壳体上的弹簧装置。这造成了在离合器的衬片和钢片上的最大气隙。另外的弹簧装置只须产生很小的力，这是因为首先提到的弹簧装置可以如此设计，使得利用首先提到的弹簧装置克服了相对高的密封摩擦。相对应地，另外的弹簧装置可以非常紧凑地来实施。
在具有另外的弹簧装置的离合装置的设计方案中，有利地设置，另外的弹簧装置具有至少一个盘形弹簧，该盘形弹簧以其径向外部的边缘支撑在所要操纵的离合器的配对件上。该盘形弹簧的径向内部的边缘作用于压力杯形件上。因而，如此布置另外的弹簧装置，使得在所要操纵的离合器旋转时，另外的弹簧装置同样一并旋转。该配对件用于将反向力施加到离合器片上，该反向力抵抗借助于活塞气缸单元为了压紧离合器片而施加的轴向力。
补充地，提供一种用于具有驱动机的机动车的驱动装置，该驱动装置具有根据本发明的离合装置以及车辆变速器，其中，该离合装置与驱动机并且与车辆变速器机械连接。
附图说明
随后在有关的技术背景下参考所属的附图详细地阐述上面描述的本发明，这些附图示出了优选的设计方案。本发明并不受纯示意性的附图限制，其中应注意：在附图中示出的实施例并不限于所示出的尺寸。
附图是：
图1示出了根据本发明的第一实施方式的离合装置的局部剖视图，和
图2示出了根据本发明的第二实施方式的离合装置的局部剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了更简单的结构类型的根据本发明的离合装置，而在图2中可见根据本发明的具有另外的弹簧装置的离合装置。也就是说，在图1中示出的离合装置仅仅以另外的弹簧装置补充地在图2中示出。
首先，依据两张附图阐述了根据本发明的离合装置和根据本发明的操纵***的一般的结构。
根据本发明的操纵***20和由此操纵的离合装置10布置在共同的旋转轴线1上。操纵***20包括活塞气缸单元30，该活塞气缸单元的活塞31能在气缸32中基本平行于旋转轴线1地移动，该气缸由壳体50来构造。借此，活塞31可以沿作用方向34通过操纵轴承40和连接在该操纵轴承上的压力杯形件90向这里示出的、常断的离合器10施加轴向力，使得该离合器的离合器片11可以彼此压紧并且可以借助离合器10传递扭矩。活塞气缸单元30的活塞31借助密封件33相对形成了气缸32的壳体50进行密封。
能看到：活塞气缸单元30仅能够沿作用方向34有效地施加力，该力如所描述的用于接合离合器10。
为了在不操纵该操纵***20时重新实现离合器10的断开，离合器片11必须重新充分地远离彼此，而不导致拖曳损失。
为此，操纵***20包括弹簧装置70，该弹簧装置与旋转轴线1同轴地布置并且布置在壳体50的轴向延伸的部段51上。该弹簧装置70在一侧支撑在卡环52上，该卡环又支撑在壳体50的轴向延伸的部段51上。弹簧装置70在另一侧相对压力件80进行挤压，该压力件将由弹簧装置70产生的轴向作用的力71传递到活塞气缸单元30的活塞31上。通过这样的方式，活塞31由于由弹簧装置70产生的轴向作用的力71重新朝着其初始位置的方向回移，使得离合器片11可以从其相互间的摩擦配合中断开。
能看到：压力件80补偿了弹簧装置70的轴向作用的力71的作用线关于活塞气缸单元30的作用方向34的径向偏移。
还能看出：弹簧装置70仅仅布置在操纵轴承40的非旋转侧41，使得弹簧装置70不进行旋转运动。如果离合器10接合，操纵轴承70的旋转运动仅仅通过操纵轴承40的旋转侧42来实施。
因此，整体上可以以径向上非常节省结构空间的方式实现将扭矩从驱动轴2经由离合器10传递到所连接的另外的总成3上，另外的总成例如可以是变速器。在这种情况下确保了：离合器10在不操纵该操纵***20的情况下断开或者说离合器10的离合器片11没有彼此接合。
在此，壳体50通过第一旋转轴承60和滚针轴承62支撑驱动轴2，而且壳体通过第二旋转轴承61支撑另外的总成3。
在图2中可见地补充根据本发明的离合装置的实施方式，该离合装置具有以盘形弹簧的形式的另外的弹簧装置100。该盘形弹簧或者说另外的弹簧装置100以其径向外部的边缘102支撑在离合器10的配对件110上，并且以其径向内部的边缘103支撑在压力杯形件90上。在此，被设计为盘形弹簧的另外的弹簧装置100支承在配对件110上的环形件104上。通过该另外的弹簧装置100产生另外的轴向力101，该另外的轴向力同样与活塞气缸单元30的作用方向34相反，并且借此在如下方面辅助弹簧装置70：将活塞气缸单元30的活塞31回移到其初始位置并且使离合器片11彼此间的距离增加。
因此，利用本发明提供了一种操纵***和一种配备有该操纵***的离合装置，该操纵***和该离合装置使小的径向结构空间与高使用寿命相关联。
附图标记列表
1 旋转轴线
2 驱动轴
3 另外的总成
10 离合器
11 离合器片
20 操纵***
30 活塞气缸单元
31 活塞
32 气缸
33 密封件
34 作用方向
40 操纵轴承
41 非旋转侧
42 旋转侧
50 壳体
51 轴向延伸的部段
52 卡环
60 第一旋转轴承
61 第二旋转轴承
62 滚针轴承
70 弹簧装置
71 轴向作用的力
80 压力件
90 压力杯形件
100 另外的弹簧装置
101 另外的轴向力
102 径向外部的边缘
103 径向内部的边缘
104 环形件
110 配对件

Claims (10)

1.一种操纵***(20)，用于操纵机动车的离合器(10)、尤其是分离离合器，所述操纵***包括基本呈环形的活塞气缸单元(30)以及环形的操纵轴承(40)，所述活塞气缸单元的活塞(31)为了操纵所述离合器(10)而能基本轴向平移地沿着作用方向(34)移动，所述操纵轴承允许在所述活塞气缸单元(30)与所要操纵的离合器(10)之间的旋转式相对运动，而且所述操纵***还包括弹簧装置(70)，用于实现逆着所述活塞气缸单元(30)的作用方向(34)的基本轴向作用的力(71)，其中，所述弹簧装置70支撑在所述操纵***(20)的非旋转侧(41)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的操纵***，其特征在于，所述弹簧装置(70)包括至少一个螺旋压缩弹簧。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的操纵***，其特征在于，所述活塞气缸单元(30)布置在壳体(50)中或布置在壳体(50)处，其中，所述弹簧装置(70)轴向地支撑在所述壳体(50)上并且作用在所述活塞气缸单元(30)的活塞(31)上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的操纵***，其特征在于，所述壳体(50)具有基本轴向延伸的部段(51)，所述弹簧装置(70)同轴地布置在所述部段处或所述部段上。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的操纵***，其特征在于，所述弹簧装置(70)的轴向的作用方向(71)比所述活塞气缸单元(30)的作用方向(34)在径向上具有更小的相距旋转轴线(1)的距离。
6.根据权利要求5所述的操纵***，其特征在于，在所述弹簧装置(70)与所述活塞气缸单元(30)的活塞之间布置有至少部分地径向延伸的压力件(80)，利用所述压力件能将由所述弹簧装置(70)轴向产生的力(71)传递到所述活塞气缸单元(30)的活塞(31)上。
7.一种离合装置、尤其是用于混合动力模块的多重离合装置，用于耦合驱动机、尤其是内燃机，所述离合装置包括离合器(10)和根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的用于操纵离合器(10)的操纵***(20)，利用所述离合器能将扭矩从所述驱动机传递到所述离合装置上，并且利用所述离合器能将所述离合装置与所述驱动机分离，其中，所述操纵***(20)如此布置并且设计，使得利用所述操纵***的活塞气缸单元(30)能实现用于操纵所述离合器(10)的基本轴向作用于所述离合器上的力。
8.根据权利要求7所述的离合装置，其特征在于，所述离合装置具有压力杯形件(90)以及另外的弹簧装置(100)，所述压力杯形件用于将由所述操纵***(20)施加的轴向力传递到所述离合器(10)的离合器片(11)上，利用所述另外的弹簧装置能逆着所述操纵***(20)的活塞气缸单元(30)的作用方向(34)将另外的轴向力(101)施加到所述压力杯形件(90)上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的离合装置，其特征在于，所述另外弹簧装置(100)具有至少一个盘形弹簧，所述盘形弹簧以其径向外部的边缘(102)支撑在所要操纵的离合器(10)的配对件(110)上。
10.一种驱动装置，用于具有驱动机的机动车，所述驱动装置包括车辆变速器以及根据权利要求7-9中任一项所述的离合装置，其中所述离合装置与所述驱动机且与所述车辆变速器机械连接。
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