CN109349021A - A kind of pollinating method improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate - Google Patents
A kind of pollinating method improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109349021A CN109349021A CN201811366971.2A CN201811366971A CN109349021A CN 109349021 A CN109349021 A CN 109349021A CN 201811366971 A CN201811366971 A CN 201811366971A CN 109349021 A CN109349021 A CN 109349021A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pollinating methods for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate, belong to agricultural product production technical field.The pollinating method for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate, includes the following steps: step 1: seeding and seedling raising, site preparation field planting；Step 2: fertilizer and water management；Step 3: preparing plant growth regulator；Step 4: pollination；Step 5: melon being selected to stay melon；Step 6: spraying foliar fertilizer.The pollinating method of raising thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate of the invention, first is that the fruit-setting rate of early spring greenhouse thick-skinned melon can be improved, second is that the yield of early spring greenhouse cultivation thick-skinned melon can be increased, third is that the problem that chloropyuril pollination causes fruit taste flavor difference that is used alone can be improved, muskmelon quality is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pollinating methods for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate, belong to agricultural product production technical field.
Background technique
Muskmelon is the annual herbaceous plant of Curcurbitaceae Cucumis.Muskmelon is one of big fruit in the world ten, plants muskmelon
High financial profit, China's Muskmelon Planting area occupy first place in the world.Muskmelon can be divided into thin skin and pachydermia two major classes, and Melon is logical
Often it is suitable for outdoor cropping, in China, Melon cultivated area accounts for about the 60% of the total cultivated area of muskmelon；In thick-skinned melon
Heart source area is China's western region, since 2000, with the development of breeding research and Protectorate cultivation technology, has removed Tibet
Outside, there is cultivation in various regions, wherein facility cultivation area is maximum (concentrates on Shandong, Hebei and Henan etc. for North China
Ground), it is secondly the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and south China Pearl River Delta area.Thick-skinned melon fruit is sweet and dilitious, unique flavor, and sugar content is high,
Good quality is favored by people.In the rainy humid area in south, often because of serious shadows of unfavorable conditions such as overcast and rainy humidity, low temperature and less sunshines
Thick-skinned melon yield is rung, is generally cultivated using facilities such as greenhouses, able person is the temperature and humidity for adjusting planting environment, completely cuts off rain
Water avoids the influence of unfavourable weather factor, improves yield and quality.
Thick-skinned melon facility cultivation area is increasing in recent years.But in the early spring facility cultivation of thick-skinned melon, Chang Yin
Florescence rainy weather, low temperature and poor light, pollen are less, plant growth is excessively prosperous, lack male flower, and the relatively closed interior no insect of greenhouse passes
The factors such as powder and cause Pollination Fertilization bad, cause that Pollination Fertilization is bad, fruit-setting rate is low, lopsided melon is more, finally result in fruit and lose
Educate i.e. so-called " changing melon " phenomenon.Therefore, artificial supplementary pollination is taken to improve and sit melon rate with regard to very necessary.
In the prior art, often increased using the methods of artificial pollination or spray plant growth regulator (such as chloropyuril)
Fruit-setting rate, but equal existing defects, wherein humidity is big in spring Rainy sparse sunlight canopy, and pollen activity is low, is not easy to scatter, artificial pollination is led
Cause Pollination Fertilization bad, melon of feeling uneasy；And easily there is pollen and smears the case where unevenly causing malformed fruit in artificial pollination；It is applied alone
Chloropyuril point flower, dosage improper use easily cause deformed fruit, influence fruit taste flavor.
In consideration of it, it is necessary to research and develop a kind of pollinating method for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate, to solve the prior art not
Foot.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address existing deficiencies, provide a kind of pollinating method for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate.This
The pollinating method of the raising thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate of invention, first is that the fruit-setting rate of early spring greenhouse thick-skinned melon can be improved, second is that
The yield of early spring greenhouse cultivation thick-skinned melon can be increased, cause fruit mouthfeel third is that can improve and chloropyuril pollination is used alone
The problem of weak flavor, improves muskmelon quality.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that a kind of pollination side for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate
Method includes the following steps:
Step 1: seeding and seedling raising, site preparation field planting
In greenhouse, thick-skinned melon, nursery are sowed, site preparation is applied fertilizer, and ridging covers black thin film on ridge, is colonized；
Step 2: fertilizer and water management
In seedling stage, climing phase, small fruiting period and fruit expanding period are stretched, organic water-soluble fertilizer 1kg and compound fertilizer 1kg is taken to be watered respectively
500 times of liquid are made in 500kg, and trickle irrigation is in root system；
Step 3: preparing plant growth regulator
The chloropyuril 2ml that mass percent is 0.1% and the compound sodium nitrophenolate solution that mass percent is 1.4% are taken respectively
0.25ml adds water to 500ml, shakes up, obtains plant growth regulator；
Step 4: pollination
It is -18 section of 15 section that thick-skinned melon, which stays melon section, and the following lateral bine of melon section is stayed all to extract early；Spring, the flowers are in blossom female
The 7:00-11:00 in the morning on the same day put, the plant growth regulator alignment melon tire and female flower obtained using step 3 are fickle in love uniformly
It sprays；Summer and autumn wipe female chapiter using artificial male flower stamen point and pollinate；
Step 5: melon being selected to stay melon
In staying at the 2-3 flower of melon section up for step 4, the plant growth regulator that step 3 obtains is sprayed, retains 2-
3 young melons, determine melon after young melon is occupied stably again, remove small melon, lopsided melon, and 1 melon is stayed in single climing training, and 2 melons are stayed in double climing trainings,
It is remaining all to extract；
Step 6: spraying foliar fertilizer
2-3 days before flowering, spray amino acid foliage fertilizer；Small fruiting period to fruit expanding period, spray amino acid foliage fertilizer and
Calcium boron foliar fertilizer, continuous 2 times, every 7 days 1 time；Fruit expanding period sprays amino acid foliage fertilizer and potash fertilizer to veraison, and continuous 2
It is secondary, every 7 days 1 time.
The principle of the present invention is:
In step 2 of the invention, in the prior art, based on chemical fertilizer (urea, compound fertilizer, potash fertilizer etc.), chemical fertilizer is supported for top dressing
Point content is high, fertilizer efficiency is fast, obvious effect of increasing production.But the approach such as the volatilization of chemical fertilizer The book of Changes, leaching, fixation lose, and utilization rate of fertilizer is not
It is high；Acid, alkali, salt are strong, and it is improper to apply, not only unfavorable to plant growth, it is also possible to make soil souring, hardened etc., reduce soil
Earth fertility.The present invention in seedling stage, stretch climing phase, small fruiting period and fruit expanding period, take organic water-soluble fertilizer 1kg and compound fertilizer 1kg respectively
It is watered 500kg, 500 times of liquid are made, trickle irrigation is because in the growth period of thick-skinned melon, applying organic water-soluble fertilizer can be in root system
Promote thick-skinned melon growth, enhance plant drag, the fruit-setting rate of thick-skinned melon can be effectively improved, increase the yield of thick-skinned melon with
The commodity value of fruit.
It is individually to spray chloropyuril as plant growth regulator in the prior art in step 3 of the invention.And this hair
It is bright to use chloropyuril and compound sodium nitrophenolate as plant growth regulator.
Chloropyuril is a kind of phenyl urea derivatives of high activity, has cytokine activity, there is promotion cell division
Synthesis with expansion, orga- nogenesis and protein improves photosynthetic efficiency, enhancing resistance, anti-aging, in melon and fruit plant
On the effects of can promote bud differentiation.Spray chloropyuril, can flower and fruit protecting, accelerate growth of young development, improve fruit-setting rate, expand
Fruit increases yield.
Above-mentioned chloropyuril is purchased from Sichuan Guoguang Agricultural Chemicals Co., Ltd., and product name is that seat melon Ling Shite is excellent；Or it is purchased from four
Lan Yue Science and Technology Ltd. of river province, product name are very good；Or it is purchased from the excellent Chemical Co., Ltd. of Sichuan Shi Te, product name is
Fruit is prosperous.
Compound sodium nitrophenolate also known as multiple Sodium nitrophenolate, are a kind of strength cell-activating agents, and chemical analysis is 5- nitroguaiacol
Sodium, sodium onitrophenol, Sodium p-nitrophenoxide.Compound sodium nitrophenolate is a kind of strength cell-activating agent, rapidly with energy after plant contact
It penetrates into plant, the plasm of cell is promoted to flow, improve cell viability.The present invention uses compound sodium nitrophenolate, can accelerate thickness
The speed of growth of skin muskmelon, breaking dormancy, enhancing development prevent fruit drop, improve product quality, improve yield, mention
The anti-adversity abilities such as the disease-resistant, pest-resistant of high thick-skinned melon, drought resisting, waterlogging-resistant, cold-resistant, salt resistance alkali, resistant to lodging.
Above-mentioned compound sodium nitrophenolate is purchased from Japanese rising sun Chemical Co., Ltd., and product name is Idall receipts；Or it is purchased from the new agriculture in Fujian
Great Zheng bioengineering Co., Ltd, product name are green beautiful；Or it is purchased from Tianjin Lvheng Chemical Co., Ltd., product name is
Green henry.
In step 4 of the invention, pollination is divided into two ways, wherein the pollination medicament alignment that spring is obtained using step 3
Melon tire and female flower is fickle in love uniformly sprays, this is because in early spring facility cultivation, florescence rainy weather, low temperature and poor light, pollen compared with
Less, plant growth is excessively prosperous, lacks male flower, the factors such as relatively closed interior no insect pollination of greenhouse and cause Pollination Fertilization bad, make
Low at fruit-setting rate, lopsided melon is more, finally results in blasting.Summer and autumn use artificial pollination, this is because using male flower
The melon type for selecting female flower pollination is rectified, and lopsided melon is few.
In addition, the pollination medicament alignment melon tire and female flower obtained using step 3 is fickle in love uniformly spray when, principle is to make to spray
The pollination medicament droplet applied is covered with entire fickle in love and melon tire not lower drop again.After spraying decoration squirting cucumber, the medical fluid as adhered on melon tire is excessive,
It flicks and hits that melon is climing or melon handle, to remove extra pollination medicament, the lopsided melon such as prevent askew melon, split melon.In addition, when spraying decoration
The megathermal period at noon is avoided, rainy weather is met, spraying time is delayed 1-2 hours, does not have dew to be advisable with blade face.
In step 5 of the invention, the plant growth regulator that step 3 obtains is sprayed, is to carry out guarantor's flower.Pollination medicament
When spraying, to be used while allocating.When spray plant growth regulator, pay attention to medicament cannot being sprayed at the spray of thick-skinned melon,
On tender leaf and growing point, in order to avoid generate phytotoxicity.
It is that it is living to promote pollen in order to strengthen flower in Foliar Spraying Amino Acid foliar fertilizer before blooming in step 6 of the invention
Power.Small fruiting period spray amino acid foliage fertilizer and calcium boron foliar fertilizer, is improved and is sat for microelement-supplementing to fruit expanding period
Fruit rate promotes Fruit.Fruit expanding period sprays amino acid foliage fertilizer and potash fertilizer, is to enhance photosynthetic work to veraison
With anti-crack arrest melon increases fruit sugar, promotes yield and quality.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
Further, in step 1, the fertilising is every 66m2Planting site applies decomposed manure 1500kg-2000kg, peanut press pulp
50kg, compound fertilizer 50kg-70kg and calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: is mainly supplied with required in thick-skinned melon entire growth period support
Point, good soil conditions are created for thick-skinned melon growth and development, also play the role of improveing soil, culture fertility.
Further, in the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage summation of O three is >=45%, N, P, K
Mass ratio be 15:15:15.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: above-mentioned compound fertilizer can supply a variety of nutrients required for thick-skinned melon,
Give full play to the effect mutually promoted between nutrient；Available nutrient is high, and economic benefit is obvious.
Further, in step 2, N and K in the organic water-soluble fertilizer2The concentration summation of both O be >=130g/L, Zn, Mn and
The concentration summation of B three is >=35g/L, organic matter concentration >=190g/L.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: above-mentioned organic water-soluble fertilizer can improve soil, excite thick-skinned melon root
The effective microorganisms of surrounding keep root activity, promote healthy growth of crops, improve fruit yield and quality.
Above-mentioned organic water-soluble fertilizer, is purchased from Guangdong Jie Shi agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd, and product name is that coal is green；Or it is purchased from
German Xiu Mei Imtech, product name Fu Taike；Or it is purchased from Zhongnong Lvkang (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., commodity
Entitled greenery patches health biological defense fertilization.
Further, in step 2, in the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage summation of O three is >=45%,
N, the mass ratio of P, K are 15:15:15.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: a variety of nutrients required for supply crop give full play to nutrient
Between the effect mutually promoted；Available nutrient is high, and economic benefit is obvious.
Further, in step 6, in the amino acid foliage fertilizer, amino acid >=100g/L, Chelating state Fe, Mn and Zn three
Concentration summation be >=20g/L.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: promotes nutrient growth, resist poor environment, induced flowering, pollination, seat
Fruit promotes nutrient absorption, improves photosynthetic rate and photosynthesis is strong, improve fruit quality.
Above-mentioned amino acid foliage fertilizer is purchased from Guangdong Jie Shi agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd, product name Mei Jiafu；Or purchase
From Syngenta Co., Ltd, product name is that benefit applies side；Or it is purchased from Jiangmen Plant Protection Co., Ltd., product name Ai Wofu.
Further, in step 6, the potash fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate or amino acid potash fertilizer.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: can efficiently supplements the nutrients, promotes Fruit, sweetened coloring, mentions
Early ripe significantly improves the yield and quality of crop.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) pollinating method of raising thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate of the invention, can be improved the seat of early spring greenhouse thick-skinned melon
Fruit rate, increases 10.0%-20.0%.
(2) pollinating method of raising thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate of the invention, can increase early spring greenhouse cultivation thick-skinned melon
Yield, output increased 8.0%-22.0%；Soluble solid content increases 10.9%-14.8%.
(3) pollinating method of raising thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate of the invention, can be improved early spring spontaneous pollination and manually awards
The low problem of powder fruit-setting rate increases fruit-setting rate；The fruit taste flavor difference problem that chloropyuril pollination is used alone can be improved, mentioned
High muskmelon quality.
(4) the pollinating method simple possible of raising thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate of the invention, strong operability, production cost
Low, wide market is suitble to large-scale production.
Specific embodiment
Principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, example is served only for explaining this hair
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The pollinating method of the raising thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: seeding and seedling raising, site preparation field planting
In greenhouse, thick-skinned melon, nursery are sowed, site preparation is applied fertilizer, and ridging covers black thin film on ridge, is colonized.Its
In, the fertilising is every 66m2Planting site applies decomposed manure 1500kg, peanut press pulp 50kg, compound fertilizer 50kg and calcium magnesium phosphate
50kg.In the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage summation of O three is >=45%, and the mass ratio of N, P, K are 15:
15:15。
Step 2: fertilizer and water management
In seedling stage, climing phase, small fruiting period and fruit expanding period are stretched, organic water-soluble fertilizer 1kg and compound fertilizer 1kg is taken to be watered respectively
500 times of liquid are made in 500kg, and trickle irrigation is in root system.Wherein, N and K in the organic water-soluble fertilizer2The concentration summation of both O be >=
The concentration summation of 130g/L, Zn, Mn and B three are >=35g/L, organic matter concentration >=190g/L.In the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5
And K2The mass percentage summation of O three is >=45%, and the mass ratio of N, P, K are 15:15:15.
Step 3: preparing plant growth regulator
The chloropyuril 2ml that mass percent is 0.1% and the compound sodium nitrophenolate solution that mass percent is 1.4% are taken respectively
0.25ml adds water to 500ml, shakes up, obtains plant growth regulator；
Step 4: pollination
It is -18 section of 15 section that thick-skinned melon, which stays melon section, and the following lateral bine of melon section is stayed all to extract early；Spring, the flowers are in blossom female
The 7:00-11:00 in the morning on the same day put, the plant growth regulator alignment melon tire and female flower obtained using step 3 are fickle in love uniformly
It sprays；Summer and autumn wipe female chapiter using artificial male flower stamen point and pollinate；
Step 5: melon being selected to stay melon
In staying at the 2-3 flower of melon section up for step 4, the plant growth regulator that step 3 obtains is sprayed, retains 2-
3 young melons, determine melon after young melon is occupied stably again, remove small melon, lopsided melon, and 1 melon is stayed in single climing training, and 2 melons are stayed in double climing trainings,
It is remaining all to extract；
Step 6: spraying foliar fertilizer
2-3 days before flowering, spray amino acid foliage fertilizer；Small fruiting period to fruit expanding period, spray amino acid foliage fertilizer and
Calcium boron foliar fertilizer, continuous 2 times, every 7 days 1 time；Fruit expanding period sprays amino acid foliage fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to veraison,
Continuous 2 times, every 7 days 1 time.Wherein, in the amino acid foliage fertilizer, amino acid >=100g/L, Chelating state Fe, Mn and Zn three's
Concentration summation is >=20g/L.
Embodiment 2
The pollinating method of the raising thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: seeding and seedling raising, site preparation field planting
In greenhouse, thick-skinned melon, nursery are sowed, site preparation is applied fertilizer, and ridging covers black thin film on ridge, is colonized.Its
In, the fertilising is every 66m2Planting site applies decomposed manure 1800kg, peanut press pulp 50kg, compound fertilizer 60kg and calcium magnesium phosphate
50kg.In the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage summation of O three is >=45%, and the mass ratio of N, P, K are 15:
15:15。
Step 2: fertilizer and water management
In seedling stage, climing phase, small fruiting period and fruit expanding period are stretched, organic water-soluble fertilizer 1kg and compound fertilizer 1kg is taken to be watered respectively
500 times of liquid are made in 500kg, and trickle irrigation is in root system.Wherein, N and K in the organic water-soluble fertilizer2The concentration summation of both O be >=
The concentration summation of 130g/L, Zn, Mn and B three are >=35g/L, organic matter concentration >=190g/L.In the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5
And K2The mass percentage summation of O three is >=45%, and the mass ratio of N, P, K are 15:15:15.
Step 3: preparing plant growth regulator
The chloropyuril 2ml that mass percent is 0.1% and the compound sodium nitrophenolate solution that mass percent is 1.4% are taken respectively
0.25ml adds water to 500ml, shakes up, obtains plant growth regulator；
Step 4: pollination
It is -18 section of 15 section that thick-skinned melon, which stays melon section, and the following lateral bine of melon section is stayed all to extract early；Spring, the flowers are in blossom female
The 7:00-11:00 in the morning on the same day put, the plant growth regulator alignment melon tire and female flower obtained using step 3 are fickle in love uniformly
It sprays；Summer and autumn wipe female chapiter using artificial male flower stamen point and pollinate；
Step 5: melon being selected to stay melon
In staying at the 2-3 flower of melon section up for step 4, the plant growth regulator that step 3 obtains is sprayed, retains 2-
3 young melons, determine melon after young melon is occupied stably again, remove small melon, lopsided melon, and 1 melon is stayed in single climing training, and 2 melons are stayed in double climing trainings,
It is remaining all to extract；
Step 6: spraying foliar fertilizer
2-3 days before flowering, spray amino acid foliage fertilizer；Small fruiting period to fruit expanding period, spray amino acid foliage fertilizer and
Calcium boron foliar fertilizer, continuous 2 times, every 7 days 1 time；Fruit expanding period sprays amino acid foliage fertilizer and amino acid potash fertilizer to veraison,
Continuous 2 times, every 7 days 1 time.Wherein, in the amino acid foliage fertilizer, amino acid >=100g/L, Chelating state Fe, Mn and Zn three's
Concentration summation is >=20g/L.
Embodiment 3
The pollinating method of the raising thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: seeding and seedling raising, site preparation field planting
In greenhouse, thick-skinned melon, nursery are sowed, site preparation is applied fertilizer, and ridging covers black thin film on ridge, is colonized.Its
In, the fertilising is every 66m2Planting site applies decomposed manure 2000kg, peanut press pulp 50kg, compound fertilizer 70kg and calcium magnesium phosphate
50kg.In the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage summation of O three is >=45%, and the mass ratio of N, P, K are 15:
15:15。
Step 2: fertilizer and water management
In seedling stage, climing phase, small fruiting period and fruit expanding period are stretched, organic water-soluble fertilizer 1kg and compound fertilizer 1kg is taken to be watered respectively
500 times of liquid are made in 500kg, and trickle irrigation is in root system.Wherein, N and K in the organic water-soluble fertilizer2The concentration summation of both O be >=
The concentration summation of 130g/L, Zn, Mn and B three are >=35g/L, organic matter concentration >=190g/L.In the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5
And K2The mass percentage summation of O three is >=45%, and the mass ratio of N, P, K are 15:15:15.
Step 3: preparing plant growth regulator
The chloropyuril 2ml that mass percent is 0.1% and the compound sodium nitrophenolate solution that mass percent is 1.4% are taken respectively
0.25ml adds water to 500ml, shakes up, obtains plant growth regulator；
Step 4: pollination
It is -18 section of 15 section that thick-skinned melon, which stays melon section, and the following lateral bine of melon section is stayed all to extract early；Spring, the flowers are in blossom female
The 7:00-11:00 in the morning on the same day put, the plant growth regulator alignment melon tire and female flower obtained using step 3 are fickle in love uniformly
It sprays；Summer and autumn wipe female chapiter using artificial male flower stamen point and pollinate；
Step 5: melon being selected to stay melon
In staying at the 2-3 flower of melon section up for step 4, the plant growth regulator that step 3 obtains is sprayed, retains 2-
3 young melons, determine melon after young melon is occupied stably again, remove small melon, lopsided melon, and 1 melon is stayed in single climing training, and 2 melons are stayed in double climing trainings,
It is remaining all to extract；
Step 6: spraying foliar fertilizer
2-3 days before flowering, spray amino acid foliage fertilizer；Small fruiting period to fruit expanding period, spray amino acid foliage fertilizer and
Calcium boron foliar fertilizer, continuous 2 times, every 7 days 1 time；Fruit expanding period sprays amino acid foliage fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to veraison,
Continuous 2 times, every 7 days 1 time.Wherein, in the amino acid foliage fertilizer, amino acid >=100g/L, Chelating state Fe, Mn and Zn three's
Concentration summation is >=20g/L.
Experimental example 1: different rich water are grown to muskmelon and the influence of yield and quality
(1) test variety and place
Test variety is sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, is carried out in Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Guilin City facility plastic greenhouse within 2016.
(2) experimental design
Design 3 processing, wherein processing 3 is the method for embodiment 2.
In the step 2 of processing 1,5d, 15d, 25d and 35d after field planting take clear water trickle irrigation in root respectively
System, remaining step and embodiment 2 are all the same.
In the step 2 of processing 2,5d, 15d, 25d and 35d after field planting take 500 times of liquid of compound fertilizer respectively
For trickle irrigation in root system, used compound fertilizer is consistent with compound fertilizer used in embodiment 2, remaining step and embodiment 2 are all the same.
(3) measuring method
Fruit appearance, fruit shapes, fruit shape index, average single melon weight (kg), skin depth (cm), solubility are investigated in the maturity period
Solid content (%) (center, edge), 667m2The indexs such as yield (kg).
(4) result and analysis
Influence of 3 processing to melon yield quality, it is specific as shown in table 1.
Influence of 1 different disposal of table to melon yield quality
As shown in Table 1, compare melon weight, yield, pulp thickness, fruit size, soluble solid content, using processing 3
Method is significantly greater than with processing 1 and processing 2.Wherein, the yield obtained, using the method for processing 3, than the side using processing 1
Method increases 22.0%, than increasing 8.0% using the method for processing 2.Soluble solid content, using processing 3 method,
Than increasing 14.8% using the method for processing 1, than increasing 10.9% using the method for processing 2.Melon skin thickness, using processing
3 method, thickness are substantially less than the method for handling 1 method and handling 2.
It can be seen that the pollinating method of raising thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate of the invention, can be improved early spring greenhouse pachydermia sweet tea
The fruit-setting rate of melon, increases 10.0%-20.0%.
Experimental example 2: influence of the different pollination ways to melon yield quality
(1) test variety and place
Test variety is sweet No. 12 muskmelons in osmanthus, and early spring in 2017 carries out in Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Guilin City facility plastic greenhouse.
(2) experimental design
Design 3 processing, wherein processing 2 is the method for embodiment 2.
In the step 3 of processing 1, pollination medicament is individually to use mass percent for 0.1% chloropyuril, 250 times of liquid, remaining
Step and embodiment 2 are all the same.
In processing 3, without step 3, artificial supplementary pollination is used in step 4, i.e., the 7 of morning on the day of male flower opening:
00-11:00 adopts lower male flower, removes petal and exposes stamen, open female chapiter on the day of being applied to.Remaining step and embodiment 2
It is all the same.
There is no step 3 and step 4, as spontaneous pollination in processing 4, remaining step and embodiment 2 are all the same.
Test uses RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, 3 repetitions of each processing, 30 plants of each repetition.
(3) survey item
Fruit-setting rate, mean fruit weight, fruit size, yield, soluble solid content etc..
(4) result and analysis
Influence of 4 processing to melon yield quality, it is specific as shown in table 2.
Influence of 2 different pollination ways of table to melon yield quality
Note: 667m2Planting strain number is 1500 plants.
As shown in Table 2, the fruit-setting rate for handling 1 is 90.6%, and the fruit-setting rate for handling 2 is 98.5%, handles 3 fruit-setting rate
Have 73.5%, the fruit-setting rate for handling 4 is only 40.7%.
The single fruit weight of maturity period thick-skinned melon dramatically increases, and processing 2 and processing 1 improve 35% He than processing 3 respectively
27.4%, 57.8% and 50.2% is improved than processing 4.In four processing, the single melon for handling 2 is up to 1.55kg again, and pulp is most
Thickness is 3.41cm, skin depth 0.53cm, is higher than other processing.It is 0.40cm that the skin of processing 4 is most thin, but pulp is also most thin, processing 3
Take second place.It may be because spontaneous pollination and artificial supplementary pollination muskmelon center cavity are bigger.The muskmelon center of different pollination ways
Soluble solid content is not much different, and the muskmelon of HORMONE TREATMENT is not because taking pollination measure, and seed is not plump seed in fruit.
It can be seen that the present invention uses chloropyuril and compound sodium nitrophenolate as plant growth regulator simultaneously, can effectively prevent
Fruit drop improves fruit-setting rate, promotes Fruit, and fruit-setting rate and fruit size are all remarkably higher than individually using chloropyuril, people
Work supple-mentary pollination and spontaneous pollination processing, fruit-setting rate reach 98% or more.In addition, the present invention uses chloropyuril and compound nitrophenol simultaneously
Sodium can be such that melon tire quickly expands as plant growth regulator, increase single fruit weight, and have no adverse effects to quality.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of pollinating method for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: seeding and seedling raising, site preparation field planting
In greenhouse, thick-skinned melon, nursery are sowed, site preparation is applied fertilizer, and ridging covers black thin film on ridge, is colonized；
Step 2: fertilizer and water management
In seedling stage, climing phase, small fruiting period and fruit expanding period are stretched, organic water-soluble fertilizer 1kg and compound fertilizer 1kg is taken to be watered 500kg respectively,
500 times of liquid are made, trickle irrigation is in root system；
Step 3: preparing plant growth regulator
The chloropyuril 2ml that mass percent is 0.1% and the compound sodium nitrophenolate solution that mass percent is 1.4% are taken respectively
0.25ml adds water to 500ml, shakes up, obtains plant growth regulator；
Step 4: pollination
It is -18 section of 15 section that thick-skinned melon, which stays melon section, and the following lateral bine of melon section is stayed all to extract early；Spring opens in female flower
The 7:00-11:00 in morning on the same day, the plant growth regulator alignment melon tire obtained using step 3 and female flower is fickle in love uniformly sprays；
Summer and autumn wipe female chapiter using artificial male flower stamen point and pollinate；
Step 5: melon being selected to stay melon
In staying at the 2-3 flower of melon section up for step 4, the plant growth regulator that step 3 obtains is sprayed, retains 2-3
Young melon determines melon after young melon is occupied stably again, removes small melon, lopsided melon, and 1 melon is stayed in single climing training, and 2 melons are stayed in double climing trainings, remaining
All extract；
Step 6: spraying foliar fertilizer
2-3 days before flowering, spray amino acid foliage fertilizer；Small fruiting period sprays amino acid foliage fertilizer and calcium boron to fruit expanding period
Foliar fertilizer, continuous 2 times, every 7 days 1 time；Fruit expanding period sprays amino acid foliage fertilizer and potash fertilizer to veraison, and continuous 2 times, every 7
It is 1 time.
2. a kind of pollinating method for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1,
The fertilising is every 66m2Planting site apply decomposed manure 1500kg-2000kg, peanut press pulp 50kg, compound fertilizer 50kg-70kg and
Calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg.
3. a kind of pollinating method for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described compound
In fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage summation of O three is >=45%, and the mass ratio of N, P, K are 15:15:15.
4. a kind of pollinating method for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2,
N and K in the organic water-soluble fertilizer2The concentration summation of both O is >=130g/L, and the concentration summation of Zn, Mn and B three are >=35g/
L, organic matter concentration >=190g/L.
5. a kind of pollinating method for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2,
In the compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage summation of O three is >=45%, and the mass ratio of N, P, K are 15:15:
15。
6. a kind of pollinating method for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 6,
In the amino acid foliage fertilizer, amino acid >=100g/L, the concentration summation of Chelating state Fe, Mn and Zn three is >=20g/L.
7. a kind of pollinating method for improving thick-skinned melon fruit-setting rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 6,
The potash fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate or amino acid potash fertilizer.
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