CN104521508A - Oriental sweet melon planting method in downwards concave type solar greenhouse - Google Patents
Oriental sweet melon planting method in downwards concave type solar greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN104521508A CN104521508A CN201410818942.0A CN201410818942A CN104521508A CN 104521508 A CN104521508 A CN 104521508A CN 201410818942 A CN201410818942 A CN 201410818942A CN 104521508 A CN104521508 A CN 104521508A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural crop planting, and provides an oriental sweet melon planting method in a downwards concave type solar greenhouse in order to resolve the problems that as a protected area adopts the open field culture varieties and culturing technology and the pruning mode is a creeping mode, fruit setting is difficult, coloring is slow, the yield is low, diseases are serious, the quality and yield are affected, the income for farmers is reduced, and further development of production of oriental sweet melons in the protected area is restrained. By selecting excellent varieties, culturing strong seedlings, reasonably applying fertilizer, managing the field, changing the pruning mode, improving the plantation density of oriental sweet melons, increasing the ventilation and light-permeable capacity, adopting bumblebee pollination or artificial auxiliary pollination, improving the time to market, improving the acre yield and prolonging the harvesting period, the effects of increasing of planting income for farmers, adjusting the time to market and increasing the yield are realized. The yield of oriental sweet melons in the protected area is increased by 100 percent, the time to the market is prolonged by 20 days, the density of reserved seedlings is increased by 25 percent, the disease resistance of oriental sweet melons is improved, and the use amount of pesticide is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural crops cultivating and growing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of up concave type greenhouse by solar heat Melon cultivation and grow method.
Background technology
Melon, also known as muskmelon, its fruits nutrition enriches, excellent in color, and sugar content is high, and vitamin content, higher than watermelon, grape etc., to promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst to human body, the effect such as quench defaecation, is deeply by traditional summertime fruit that China both urban and rural residents likes.China's muskmelon sowing area about 330,000 hectares, gross annual output amount more than 3,000,000 tons, wherein Melon accounts for about 60% of the gross area, is distributed widely in northeast, North China, northwest and various places, the south of the River.Melon is the specialty industries of Xinzhou City Xinfu District, and based on outdoor cropping on producing, Protectorate cultivation is auxiliary.Protected production is also adopt outdoor cropping kind and culture technique to replace; training type be also climb formula, the difficulty that occurred bearing fruit, annesl be slow, yield poorly, disease weight, affects quality and yield; reduce farmers' income, constrain further developing of Melon Protected production.Therefore a kind of new agricultural planting pattern is provided, improves muskmelon resistance against diseases, reduce the use of agricultural chemicals, become the extremely urgent problem needing to solve of nuisanceless muskmelon.
Summary of the invention
The present invention adopts outdoor cropping kind and culture technique to replace to produce with solving traditional protection; training type be climb formula; occurred bearing fruit difficulty, annesl slow, yield poorly, disease weight; affect quality and yield; reduce farmers' income; constrain the problem further developed of Melon Protected production, provide a kind of up concave type greenhouse by solar heat Melon cultivation and grow method.
The present invention is realized by following technical scheme: a kind of up concave type greenhouse by solar heat Melon cultivation and grow method, comprises the steps:
(1) selection of milpa: choose in 3 years and do not plant melon up concave type greenhouse by solar heat, double-deck cotton-wadded quilt covers, and is equipped with Automaitc shade-rolling machine system, plastic mulching, front roof arranged outside Cold-proof Ditch, ensures indoor temperature >=8 DEG C;
(2) selection of kind: select disease resistance excellent, easily sit melon, the red kind of strong, that quality and flavor the is excellent lantern of growth potential in early spring, plant with other variety matchings;
(3) point disk seedling growing: cultivation muskmelon December early and middle ten days sowing at sunlight indoor raising of seedling, in canopy, temperature keeps 25 ~ 28 DEG C daytime, night 10-18 DEG C; Seedbed adopts electric seed bed heater, monoseeding after presprouting of seeds; After planting electric seed bed heater whole day energising, removes mulch film after coming up, after 70% seed is unearthed, and electric seed bed heater power-off, morning in seedling stage waters according to nursery soil soil moisture content; Field planting first 7 days ventilation hardenings;
(4) field planting: before field planting comprehensively wholely, every mu apply become thoroughly decomposed pig, sheep excrement half and half fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000kg, or the 2000-2500kg chicken manure of drying, and then adds diammonium phosphate 45-55kg; When seedling grows to 3 leaves, seedling age 30-40 days, carry out field planting, do ridge, spacing in the rows 40cm, every mu of 2000-2500 strain by wide row space 80cm, little line-spacing 60cm trench digging; Sufficient water is watered, covering film after transplanting;
(5) field management:
5.1: temperature and water and fertilizer management: after field planting, room temperature≤35 are DEG C stuffy in 1 week; Night, room temperature was 15 ~ 20 DEG C; To before sitting melon after slow seedling, room temperature daytime 25 ~ 30 DEG C, night 15 ~ 20 DEG C; To sit after melon room temperature daytime 28 ~ 30 DEG C, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C; Water 1 seedling recovering water at little furrow after slow seedling, before blooming 4 ~ 5 days little furrows water again 1 time permeable; Children waters 1 swollen melon water when melon grows to egg size, and execute urea and potassium sulfate in conjunction with watering, every mu is respectively 8-15kg and 15-25kg with urea and potassium sulfate; During staying the 1st batch of melon, within 8-12 days, water 1 water, water every 1 time and execute 1 fertilizer; Within before receiving melon 7-10 days, stop watering; After staying the 2nd batch and the 3rd batch of melon, within 5 ~ 7 days, water 1 water; Adopt at 9-10 in the morning full bearing period sulfuric acid and carbonic hydroammonium to react and produce carbonic acid gas, concentration controls to enrich carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer at 1500PPM;
5.2 hang climing training: 1.5-2.0m bracing wire above melon is capable, and the outer layback plastic ties of plant base portion, is tied on iron wire, every strain 1; Take single climing training, sub climing knot melon, the many batches of methods staying melon, specifically: start to hang climing after field planting during 4-5 sheet leaf, stay the pinching of two panels leaf before each melon, 3-5 melon of selecting and remain; After the 1st batch of melon stopping is expanded, main climing 11-13 saves position and stays 3 strips climing again, and every strip is climing stays 1 melon, stays 1 leaf pinching before melon; 1st batch of melon watering, fertilizing immediately after gathering, after the 2nd batch of melon no longer expands, stay 3 strips climing again in main climing 19th, 20 joint positions, every strip is climing stays 1 melon again, and the 2nd batch of melon carries out watering, fertilizing after gathering again; After 3rd batch of seat melon, master is climing stays 6 leaf pinching again, the length and 1 strip of selecting and remain in the leaf of main climing top 2 ~ 3 is overgrow; Fall during the main climing 1.7m of growing to seedling, and fall 40 ~ 50cm at every turn;
5.3 extend picking time: adopt Italian bumblebee pollinate or artificial supplementary pollination: artificial supplementary pollination, the morning 8:00 ~ 10:00 win male flower, smear female chapiter gently, column cap of not damaging;
(6) gather in the crops: muskmelon is bloomed and to be sat after melon that 28-32 days fragrance overflows, maturation is gathered, and cuts off carpopodium with scissors, point grade packaged, shelf life 5-7 days.
Described seedling medium adopts the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite by weight being 2.5-4:1 mixing, and add nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.8-1.2kg in every cubic metre of matrix and mix, in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, active ingredient N:P:K is 15:15:15.The mulch film covered is that Japanese PO film or EVA are without dripping an antifog film.Before nursery stage and field planting, each spray 1 active constituent content is wetting powder thiophanate-methyl 800 times of liquid of 70%.
The present invention is by selecting improved seeds, nurturing staff, the rational application of fertilizer, field management, changes pruning method, improve the plantation density of Melon, increase ventilation and penetrating light ability, adopt bumblebee pollination or carry out artificial supplementary pollination, Melon Time To Market can be done sth. in advance, improve per mu yield and extend picking time, thus reach the implantation methods increasing peasant and take in planting, reach the effect regulating Time To Market and high yield.
In Protected production, Melon volume increase 100%, extends Time To Market 20 days.Density of reserved seedlings adds 25%, because ventilation and penetrating light is good, enhances the disease resistance of muskmelon, decreases pesticide dosage.
Embodiment
A kind of up concave type greenhouse by solar heat Melon cultivation and grow method, comprises the steps:
(1) selection of milpa: choose in 3 years and do not plant melon up concave type greenhouse by solar heat, Greenhouse building standard meets DB1409/T018-2010 " XZS--RGWS up concave type greenhouse technology construction standards " and GB/T19165-2003 " greenhouse by solar heat and plastic tunnel Structure and Properties require ", span 8-9 meters, ridge is high 3.9-4.2 meters, sit in the north facing the south, long 60-100 meters of thing, double-deck cotton-wadded quilt covers, be equipped with Automaitc shade-rolling machine system, select Japanese PO film or select EVA to cover without dripping antifog film, front roof arranged outside Cold-proof Ditch, heat-insulating property is good, can guarantee during severe winter extreme low temperature, indoor/outdoor temperature-difference is at about 30-35 DEG C, ensure indoor temperature >=8 DEG C,
(2) selection of kind: select disease resistance excellent, easily sit melon, the red kind of strong, that quality and flavor the is excellent lantern of growth potential in early spring, plant with other variety matchings; As sweet prince wife, sesame honey, Bao Zhongbao, Hua Guan, summit etc.;
(3) point disk seedling growing: in early and middle ten days sowing in December or according to expection Time To Market in advance or postpone, at sunlight indoor raising of seedling or select disjunctor Nutrient medium seedling growing process, in canopy, temperature keeps 25 ~ 28 DEG C daytime to cultivation muskmelon, night 10-18 DEG C; Seedbed adopts electric seed bed heater, monoseeding after seed treatment vernalization; After planting electric seed bed heater whole day energising, removes mulch film after coming up, after 70% seed is unearthed, and electric seed bed heater power-off, in case seedling excessive growth, morning in seedling stage takes the circumstances into consideration to water according to nursery soil soil moisture content; Respectively spray 1 70% thiophanate-methyl and thiophanate methyl wetting powder 800 times of liquid during this period with before field planting, to prevent anthracnose generation in seedling stage; Field planting is carried out, field planting first 7 days ventilation hardenings during seedling age 30-40 days;
(4) field planting: before field planting comprehensively wholely, every mu apply become thoroughly decomposed pig, sheep excrement half and half fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000kg, or the 2000-2500kg chicken manure of drying, and then adds diammonium phosphate 45-55kg; When seedling grows to 3 leaves, seedling age 30-40 days, carry out field planting, do ridge, spacing in the rows 40cm, every mu of 2000-2500 strain by wide row space 80cm, little line-spacing 60cm trench digging; Sufficient water is watered, covering film after transplanting;
(5) field management:
5.1: temperature and water and fertilizer management: after field planting, room temperature≤35 are DEG C stuffy in 1 week; Night strengthens insulation, makes room temperature be 15 ~ 20 DEG C; To before sitting melon after slow seedling, room temperature daytime 25 ~ 30 DEG C, night 15 ~ 20 DEG C; To sit after melon room temperature daytime 28 ~ 30 DEG C, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C; Too high or too low for temperature being all unfavorable for sits melon, and easily causes lopsided melon; Water 1 seedling recovering water at little furrow after slow seedling, before blooming 4 ~ 5 days little furrows water again 1 time permeable; When children's melon grows to egg size, soil temperature is higher, and watering 1 swollen melon water, executing urea and potassium sulfate in conjunction with watering, every mu is respectively 8-15kg and 15-25kg with urea and potassium sulfate; During staying the 1st batch of melon, within 8-12 days, water 1 water, water every 1 time and execute 1 fertilizer; Within before each batch receives melon 7-10 days, stop watering, otherwise the quality of melon can be affected; After staying the 2nd batch and the 3rd batch of melon, along with ambient temperature raises, 1 water is watered at interval for 5 ~ 7 days; Adopt at 9-10 in the morning full bearing period sulfuric acid and carbonic hydroammonium to react and produce carbonic acid gas, concentration controls to enrich carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer at 1500PPM, can increase yield more than 50%, and oil recovery enhancement;
5.2 hang climing training: 1.5-2.0m bracing wire above melon is capable, and the outer layback plastic ties of plant base portion, is tied on iron wire, every strain 1; Take single climing training, the climing knot melon of son, the many batches of methods staying melon, specifically: start to hang climing after field planting during 4-5 sheet leaf, before each melon, stay the pinching of two panels leaf, to select and remain 3-5 melon, that is: the son extracing below Section 3 position is climing, stays a lateral bine respectively, and respectively stay 1 melon in main climing 3,4,5 joint positions, plant vegetative growth can be controlled so excessively prosperous, melon listing ahead of time can be made again; After the 1st batch of melon stopping is expanded, main climing 11-13 saves position and stays 3 strips climing again, and every strip is climing stays 1 melon, stays 1 leaf pinching before melon; 1st batch of melon watering, fertilizing immediately after gathering, after the 2nd batch of melon no longer expands, stay 3 strips climing again in main climing 19th, 20 joint positions, every strip is climing stays 1 melon again, and the 2nd batch of melon carries out watering, fertilizing after gathering again, ensures the nutrition supply of the 3rd batch of melon; After 3rd batch of seat melon, master is climing stays 6 leaf pinching again, the length and 1 strip of selecting and remain in the leaf of main climing top 2 ~ 3 is overgrow; Owing to staying melon by stages and in groups, main climing joint position is more, and fall during the main climing 1.7m of growing to seedling, and fall 40 ~ 50cm at every turn;
5.3 extend picking time: adopt Italian bumblebee to pollinate or artificial supplementary pollination: Italian bumblebee in the winter time hypothermic phase is stronger than apis cerana energy; Artificial supplementary pollination, the morning 8:00 ~ 10:00 win male flower, smear female chapiter gently, column cap of not damaging.
Can improve by HORMONE TREATMENT and sit melon rate, but slightly can affect the quality of melon, can use as one sees fit.
(6) gather in the crops: muskmelon is bloomed and to be sat after melon that 28-32 days fragrance overflows, maturation is gathered, and cuts off carpopodium with scissors, point grade packaged, shelf life 5-7 days, unsuitable long.
Seedling medium adopts the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite by weight being 2.5-4:1 mixing, and add nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.8-1.2kg in every cubic metre of matrix and mix, in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, active ingredient N:P:K is 15:15:15.
By selecting improved seeds, nurturing staff, the rational application of fertilizer, field management, changes pruning method, improve the plantation density of Melon, increase ventilation and penetrating light ability, adopt bumblebee pollination or carry out artificial supplementary pollination, Melon Time To Market can be done sth. in advance, improve per mu yield and extend picking time, thus reach the implantation methods increasing peasant and take in planting, reach the effect regulating Time To Market and high yield.
In Protected production, Melon volume increase 100%, extends Time To Market 20 days.Density of reserved seedlings adds 25%, because ventilation and penetrating light is good, enhances the disease resistance of muskmelon, decreases pesticide dosage.
Claims (4)
1. a up concave type greenhouse by solar heat Melon cultivation and grow method, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) selection of milpa: choose in 3 years and do not plant melon up concave type greenhouse by solar heat, double-deck cotton-wadded quilt covers, and is equipped with Automaitc shade-rolling machine system, plastic mulching, front roof arranged outside Cold-proof Ditch, ensures indoor temperature >=8 DEG C;
(2) selection of kind: select disease resistance excellent, easily sit melon, the red kind of strong, that quality and flavor the is excellent lantern of growth potential in early spring, plant with other variety matchings;
(3) point disk seedling growing: cultivation muskmelon December early and middle ten days sowing at sunlight indoor raising of seedling, in canopy, temperature keeps 25 ~ 28 DEG C daytime, night 10-18 DEG C; Seedbed adopts electric seed bed heater, monoseeding after presprouting of seeds; After planting electric seed bed heater whole day energising, removes mulch film after coming up, after 70% seed is unearthed, and electric seed bed heater power-off, morning in seedling stage waters according to nursery soil soil moisture content; Field planting first 7 days ventilation hardenings;
(4) field planting: before field planting comprehensively wholely, every mu apply become thoroughly decomposed pig, sheep excrement half and half fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000kg, or the 2000-2500kg chicken manure of drying, and then adds diammonium phosphate 45-55kg; When seedling grows to 3 leaves, seedling age 30-40 days, carry out field planting, do ridge, spacing in the rows 40cm, every mu of 2000-2500 strain by wide row space 80cm, little line-spacing 60cm trench digging; Sufficient water is watered, covering film after transplanting;
(5) field management:
5.1: temperature and water and fertilizer management: after field planting, room temperature≤35 are DEG C stuffy in 1 week; Night, room temperature was 15 ~ 20 DEG C; To before sitting melon after slow seedling, room temperature daytime 25 ~ 30 DEG C, night 15 ~ 20 DEG C; To sit after melon room temperature daytime 28 ~ 30 DEG C, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C; Water 1 seedling recovering water at little furrow after slow seedling, before blooming 4 ~ 5 days little furrows water again 1 time permeable; Children waters 1 swollen melon water when melon grows to egg size, and execute urea and potassium sulfate in conjunction with watering, every mu is respectively 8-15kg and 15-25kg with urea and potassium sulfate; During staying the 1st batch of melon, within 8-12 days, water 1 water, water every 1 time and execute 1 fertilizer; Within before receiving melon 7-10 days, stop watering; After staying the 2nd batch and the 3rd batch of melon, within 5 ~ 7 days, water 1 water; Adopt at 9-10 in the morning full bearing period sulfuric acid and carbonic hydroammonium to react and produce carbonic acid gas, concentration controls to enrich carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer at 1500PPM;
5.2 hang climing training: 1.5-2.0m bracing wire above melon is capable, and the outer layback plastic ties of plant base portion, is tied on iron wire, every strain 1; Take single climing training, sub climing knot melon, the many batches of methods staying melon, specifically: start to hang climing after field planting during 4-5 sheet leaf, stay the pinching of two panels leaf before each melon, 3-5 melon of selecting and remain; After the 1st batch of melon stopping is expanded, main climing 11-13 saves position and stays 3 strips climing again, and every strip is climing stays 1 melon, stays 1 leaf pinching before melon; 1st batch of melon watering, fertilizing immediately after gathering, after the 2nd batch of melon no longer expands, stay 3 strips climing again in main climing 19th, 20 joint positions, every strip is climing stays 1 melon again, and the 2nd batch of melon carries out watering, fertilizing after gathering again; After 3rd batch of seat melon, master is climing stays 6 leaf pinching again, the length and 1 strip of selecting and remain in the leaf of main climing top 2 ~ 3 is overgrow; Fall during the main climing 1.7m of growing to seedling, and fall 40 ~ 50cm at every turn;
5.3 extend picking time: adopt Italian bumblebee pollinate or artificial supplementary pollination: artificial supplementary pollination, the morning 8:00 ~ 10:00 win male flower, smear female chapiter gently, column cap of not damaging;
(6) gather in the crops: muskmelon is bloomed and to be sat after melon that 28-32 days fragrance overflows, maturation is gathered, and cuts off carpopodium with scissors, point grade packaged, shelf life 5-7 days.
2. a kind of up concave type greenhouse by solar heat Melon cultivation and grow method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seedling medium adopts the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite by weight being 2.5-4:1 mixing, add nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.8-1.2kg in every cubic metre of matrix to mix, in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, active ingredient N:P:K is 15:15:15.
3. a kind of up concave type greenhouse by solar heat Melon cultivation and grow method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mulch film of covering is that Japanese PO film or EVA are without dripping an antifog film.
4. a kind of up concave type greenhouse by solar heat Melon cultivation and grow method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: before nursery stage and field planting, each spray 1 active constituent content is wetting powder thiophanate-methyl 800 times of liquid of 70%.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105367283A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-02 | 全椒县琪悦家庭农场 | Muskmelon high-yield greenhouse plantation method |
| CN105638030A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-06-08 | 铜陵市国虎生态农业科技有限公司 | High-efficiency muskmelon cultivation method |
| CN105875156A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-24 | 王照海 | Muskmelon cultivation method |
| CN106069251A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-11-09 | 漳州红点商务咨询有限公司 | Cornu Caprae seu Ovis honeydew melon chamber planting and moulding device |
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| CN114568224A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-03 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Bagging cultivation method for muskmelons with smooth skin |
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