CN113906972B - Corn and soybean crop rotation planting method for improving soil fertility of black soil - Google Patents
Corn and soybean crop rotation planting method for improving soil fertility of black soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113906972B CN113906972B CN202111176750.0A CN202111176750A CN113906972B CN 113906972 B CN113906972 B CN 113906972B CN 202111176750 A CN202111176750 A CN 202111176750A CN 113906972 B CN113906972 B CN 113906972B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop rotation planting, and provides a corn and soybean rotation planting method for improving the soil fertility of black soil. The method comprises the steps of land preparation, seed pretreatment, soybean base fertilizer application, soybean sowing, soybean weeding, soybean harvesting, corn base fertilizer application, corn sowing, top dressing application, corn weeding, corn harvesting and the like. The invention solves the production problems of shallow depth of soil plough layer, high volume weight of soil, hard plough bottom layer, obviously reduced effective soil amount of plough layer, large straw amount, low ground temperature, poor seeding quality, low fertilizer utilization rate, aggravated damage degree of diseases, insect pests and weeds and the like caused by full coverage and returning to field. By applying the corn and soybean rotation planting method, the yield per mu of corn can be 248.6 kilograms, the seedling protection rate is as high as 93.2 percent per hectare, the utilization efficiency of natural rainfall can reach 18.3 percent per hectare, and the economic benefit can reach 20584.1 yuan per hectare.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop rotation planting, in particular to a corn and soybean rotation planting method for improving the soil fertility of black soil.
Background
At present, the traditional corn planting mode in Jilin province in China is to adopt a conventional seeder for seeding in spring, combine seeding for side fertilizing, and combine intertillage for topdressing in the jointing stage of corn. After the corn is harvested in autumn, a small number of roots are in the stubble-remaining field, the rest straws are all mechanically packed and removed out of the field, and then shallow rotation soil preparation (the depth is 10-15 cm) is carried out by a rotary cultivator for sowing in the next spring.
However, the above-described conventional farming techniques have some problems: the depth of a soil plough layer becomes shallow in long-term small-scale power cultivation; secondly, large-scale power deep ploughing and deep scarification operation is lacked, the volume weight of soil is increased, and the plough bottom layer is hard; thirdly, the effective soil quantity of the plough layer is obviously reduced by long-term shallow cultivation; fourthly, long-term predatory operation, reduction of soil organic matters, fertility degradation and other major scientific and technical problems are addressed to solve the production problems of low ground temperature, poor seeding quality, low fertilizer utilization rate, aggravated pest and weed damage degree and the like caused by large straw amount and full coverage and returning to the field. Therefore, the corn and soybean crop rotation planting method for improving the soil fertility of the black soil with optimized process has extremely important practical significance for maintaining the balance of food supply and demand and realizing the high, stable and high-quality corn production in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a corn and soybean rotation planting method for improving the soil fertility of black soil with optimized process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a corn and soybean crop rotation planting method for improving the soil fertility of black soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) When the plough layer is unfrozen for 8-12 cm, stubble cleaning, deep loosening and ridging are carried out, and the ridge direction is straight;
(2) Coating soybean seeds by using a special seed coating agent for beans;
(3) Applying base fertilizer in combination with soil preparation, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 31.5-38.5 kg/hm of urea 2 Diammonium phosphate70～105kg/hm 2 And 56-84 kg/hm of potassium sulfate 2 ；
(4) Soybean sowing:
and (3) sowing time: 25 days in 4 months to 10 days in 5 months;
a sowing mode: when the ground temperature of 3-5 cm of soil is 10-12 ℃, sowing soybeans in a no-tillage sowing mode;
fertilizing during sowing: adding 13.5-16.5 kg/hm of urea 2 30-45 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate 2 And 24-36 kg/hm of potassium sulfate 2 ；
(5) Weeding of soybean:
using a mixed aqueous solution of paracetamol, acetochlor and flumetsulam to spray soil after soybean sowing and before emergence of seedlings;
(6) Harvesting soybeans:
when the leaves are completely fallen and the bean grains are rounded, harvesting the soybeans;
(7) Applying a base fertilizer to the corn:
applying N at one time: 55-65 kg/hm 2 ，P 2 O 5 ：80～120kg/hm 2 ，K 2 O：60～100kg/hm 2 ；
(8) Corn sowing:
and (3) sowing period: 15 days in 4 months to 15 days in 5 months in the next year;
a sowing mode: when the local air temperature reaches and stabilizes at 11-12 ℃, and the water content of 8-10 cm of soil is 12-14%, a precision sowing or no-tillage sowing mode is adopted, soil is used for compacting after precision sowing is finished, and no-tillage sowing is not needed to be compacted;
(9) Applying additional fertilizer:
applying N before corn jointing: 165-195 kg/hm 2 ；
(10) Weeding for corn:
after the corn is sown and before the emergence of seedlings, a mixed aqueous solution of bulgazin, acetochlor, atrazine and bracey mesotrione is used for spraying soil;
(11) Harvesting of corn:
when the water content of the corn grains is less than or equal to 25 percent, directly harvesting the corn grains; when the water content of the corn grains is more than 25 percent, picking and harvesting.
Preferably, in the step (1), the depth of deep scarification in the deep scarification and ridging is 20-23 cm, and the ridge distance of the ridges is 55-58 cm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the bean-dedicated seed coating agent comprises a Meadowrue soybean seed coating agent.
Preferably, in the step (3), the fertilizing depth of the base fertilizer is 3-5 cm below the seeds.
Preferably, in the step (4), the row spacing of the no-tillage seeding is 64-66 cm and the like, or 38-42 cm and 88-92 cm wide and narrow row seeding;
the spacing between the no-tillage sowing plants is 20-25 cm;
the seeding quantity of the no-tillage seeding is 2-3 grains/hole;
the depth of fertilization during sowing is 4-5 cm below the seeds.
Preferably, in the step (5), the content of the active ingredient of the paracetamol and diethanol emulsion is 45-55%;
the content of the effective component of the acetochlor is 850-950 g/L;
the content of the active ingredients of the flumetsulam is 8-12%;
the mixed aqueous solution is prepared by mixing paracetamol and acetochlor, flumetsulam and water according to the volume ratio of 1-2.
Preferably, in the step (8), the seeding rate of the precision seeding or the no-tillage seeding is 6-6.5 ten thousand plants/hm independently 2 ；
The sowing depth of the precision sowing or the no-tillage sowing is independently 3-4 cm;
the thickness of the soil layer pressed by soil after the precision seeding is 3-5 cm;
the row spacing of the precision seeding or no-tillage seeding is 64-66 cm equal spacing seeding or 38-42 cm wide-narrow row seeding and 88-92 cm wide-narrow row seeding independently;
the plant spacing of the precision seeding or no-tillage seeding is independently 22-24 cm.
Preferably, in the step (10), the content of the effective components of the acetochlor is 850-950 g/L;
the active ingredient content of the atrazine is 36-40%;
the content of the effective component of the bracteatum sibiricum is 24-26%;
the mixed aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the diclazine, the acetochlor, the atrazine, the bracetoilet mesotrione and water according to the volume ratio of 1-2 to 7-9.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention realizes crop rotation, promotes the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, improves the practical value of the scientific and technological achievements, and provides the corn and soybean crop rotation planting technology which is complete in matching with machines and strong in practicability. The planting is popularized in pear counties, major mountain cities and other places, the per mu yield of corn is 248.6 kilograms, the seedling protection rate is as high as 93.2 percent per hectare, the natural rainfall utilization efficiency can reach 18.3 percent per hectare, and the economic yield income can reach 20584.1 yuan per hectare.
2. The invention optimizes system equipment and process flow, overcomes the defects of the existing system, realizes the optimization of the process, and has important significance for maintaining the balance of grain supply and demand, enhancing the aftereffect of agricultural development, reducing the burden of financial banks and improving the technological level of farmers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a corn soybean crop rotation planting mode of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a corn and soybean crop rotation planting method for improving the soil fertility of black soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) When the plough layer is unfrozen for 8-12 cm, stubble cleaning, deep scarification and ridging are carried out, and the ridge direction is straight;
(2) Coating soybean seeds by using a special seed coating agent for beans;
(3) Applying base fertilizer in combination with soil preparation, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 31.5-38.5 kg/hm of urea 2 70-105 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate 2 And 56-84 kg/hm of potassium sulfate 2 ；
(4) Soybean sowing:
and (3) sowing period: 25 days in 4 months to 10 days in 5 months;
a sowing mode: when the ground temperature of 3-5 cm of soil is 10-12 ℃, sowing soybeans in a no-tillage sowing mode;
fertilizing during sowing: adding 13.5-16.5 kg/hm of urea 2 30-45 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate 2 And 24-36 kg/hm of potassium sulfate 2 ；
(5) Weeding of soybean:
using a mixed aqueous solution of paracetamol, acetochlor and flumetsulam to spray soil after soybean sowing and before emergence of seedlings;
(6) Harvesting soybeans:
when the leaves are completely fallen and the bean grains are rounded, harvesting the soybeans;
(7) Applying base fertilizer to corn:
applying N at one time: 55-65 kg/hm 2 ，P 2 O 5 ：80～120kg/hm 2 ，K 2 O：60～100kg/hm 2 ；
(8) Corn sowing:
and (3) sowing time: 15 days in 4 months to 15 days in 5 months in the next year;
a sowing mode: when the local air temperature reaches and stabilizes at 11-12 ℃, and the water content of 8-10 cm of soil is 12-14%, a precision sowing or no-tillage sowing mode is adopted, soil is used for compacting after precision sowing is finished, and no-tillage sowing is not needed to be compacted;
(9) Applying additional fertilizer:
applying N before corn jointing: 165-195 kg/hm 2 ；
(10) Weeding for corn:
after the corn is sown and before the emergence of seedlings, a mixed aqueous solution of bulgazin, acetochlor, atrazine and bracey mesotrione is used for spraying soil;
(11) Harvesting of corn:
when the water content of the corn grains is less than or equal to 25 percent, directly harvesting the corn grains; when the water content of the corn grains is more than 25 percent, picking and harvesting.
In the present invention, in the step (1), the plough layer is thawed by 8 to 12cm, more preferably 11cm, the depth of deep scarification in the deep scarification and ridging is preferably 20 to 23cm, more preferably 22cm, and the ridge distance of the ridges is preferably 55 to 58cm, more preferably 57cm.
In the present invention, in the step (2), the bean-specific seed coating agent preferably comprises a chayote soybean seed coating agent.
In the invention, in the step (3), the base fertilizer comprises 31.5-38.5 kg/hm of urea 2 70-105 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate 2 And 56-84 kg/hm of potassium sulfate 2 Further preferably comprises 34kg/hm of urea 2 Diammonium phosphate 85kg/hm 2 And potassium sulfate 72kg/hm 2 The fertilizing depth of the base fertilizer is preferably 3-5 cm below the seed, and more preferably 4cm below the seed.
In the present invention, in the step (4), the seeding time is from 25 days to 10 days in 4 months, more preferably from 30 days to 5 days in 5 months, and still more preferably from 3 days in 5 months;
the sowing mode is to adopt a no-tillage sowing mode to sow the soybeans when the ground temperature of 3-5 cm of soil is 10-12 ℃, and further preferably adopt a no-tillage sowing mode to sow the soybeans when the ground temperature of 4cm of soil is 11 ℃;
the row spacing of the no-tillage seeding is preferably 64-66 cm equal spacing seeding or 38-42 cm wide-narrow row seeding and 88-92 cm wide-narrow row seeding, and further preferably 65cm equal spacing seeding or 40cm wide-narrow row seeding and 90cm wide-narrow row seeding;
the spacing between the no-tillage seeding plants is preferably 20-25 cm, and more preferably 23cm;
the seeding amount of the no-tillage seeding is preferably 2-3 grains/hole, and more preferably 2 grains/hole;
the fertilizer application during sowing is that urea is applied at 13.5-16.5 kg/hm 2 30-45 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate 2 And 24-36 kg/hm of potassium sulfate 2 Further preferably, 14.5kg/hm of urea is added 2 Diammonium phosphate 37kg/hm 2 And potassium sulfate 32kg/hm 2 ；
The depth of the fertilization during the sowing is preferably 4-5 cm below the seed, and more preferably 4.5cm below the seed.
In the present invention, in the step (5), the content of the active ingredient in the pefurazone and ethyl missible oil is preferably 45 to 55%, and more preferably 50%;
the content of the effective components of the acetochlor is preferably 850-950 g/L, and more preferably 900g/L;
the content of the active ingredients of the flumetsulam is 8-12%, and the preferable content is 10%;
the mixed aqueous solution is prepared by mixing paracetamol, acetochlor, flumetsulam and water according to the volume ratio of 1-2.
In the invention, in the step (6), the soybean is harvested preferably by adopting a machine, when the machine is harvested, the loss rate is less than or equal to 3 percent, the crushing rate is less than or equal to 1 percent, and the stubble is cut without leaving a bottom pod.
In the invention, in the step (7), the base fertilizer for the corn is applied by applying N: 55-65 kg/hm 2 ，P 2 O 5 ：80～120kg/hm 2 ，K 2 O：60～100kg/hm 2 Further preferably, the N:60kg/hm 2 ，P 2 O 5 ：100kg/hm 2 ，K 2 O：80kg/hm 2 。
In the invention, in the step (8), the corn seeds preferably have the purity of more than or equal to 98 percent, the purity of more than or equal to 97 percent, the germination rate of more than or equal to 95 percent and the water content of less than or equal to 14 percent;
the corn sowing time is 15 days to 15 days in the second year in 4 months, more preferably 25 days to 5 days in 5 months in the second year, and still more preferably 2 days in 5 months in the second year;
the seeding mode is a precision seeding or no-tillage seeding mode when the local air temperature reaches and stabilizes at 11-12 ℃ and the water content of the soil at 8-10 cm is 12-14%, and further preferably a precision seeding or no-tillage seeding mode when the local air temperature reaches and stabilizes at 11 ℃ and the water content of the soil at 9cm is 13%;
the essenceThe seeding quantity of close seeding or no-tillage seeding is preferably 6-6.5 ten thousand plants/hm independently 2 More preferably 6.3 million strains/hm 2 ；
The sowing depth of the precision sowing or the no-tillage sowing is preferably 3-4 cm independently, and further preferably 3.5cm independently;
after the precision seeding is finished, a 1YM roller is preferably adopted for pressing, and the thickness of the pressed soil layer is preferably 3-5 cm, and more preferably 4cm;
the row spacing of the precision seeding or no-tillage seeding is preferably 64-66 cm equal spacing seeding or 38-42 cm wide and narrow row seeding and is further preferably 65cm equal spacing seeding or 40cm, 90cm wide and narrow row seeding independently;
the distance between the plants for precision sowing or no-tillage sowing is preferably 22 to 24cm, and more preferably 23cm.
In the invention, in the step (9), the top dressing is carried out before the corn is subjected to jointing by applying N: 165-195 kg/hm 2 More preferably, the method further comprises the following steps of before corn jointing: 180kg/hm 2 Preferably, the top dressing application mode adopts a strip intertillage deep scarification top dressing machine for top dressing.
In the invention, in the step (10), the content of the effective components of the acetochlor is preferably 850-950 g/L, and more preferably 900g/L;
the content of the active ingredient of the atrazine is preferably 36-40%, and more preferably 38%;
the content of the effective ingredients of the bractenopyr is preferably 24-26%, and more preferably 25%;
the mixed aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the diclazine, the acetochlor, the atrazine and the braceobenzsulam with water according to the volume ratio of 1-2.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The test sites of the following examples are the pear tree county, siping city, jilin province, the corn variety in the test is Xiangyu 998, and the soybean variety is Jiyu 88. The emulsified oil of puzzuo and ethachlor in the following examples was purchased from Tianjin bock Baisheng science and technology, acetochlor from Jinan Tianbang chemical, inc., flumetsulam was purchased from Liaoning Haojia agro chemical, inc., bi Jia Jing biological, technology, inc., atrazine was purchased from Shandong Bing agricultural, technology, inc., and Mirabulon was purchased from Huayu pesticide, inc., tianjin.
Example 1
(1) When a plough layer is unfrozen by 11cm, stubble cleaning, deep loosening and ridging are carried out, the ridge direction is straight, the depth of deep loosening in the deep loosening and ridging is 22cm, and the ridge distance of the ridges is 57cm;
(2) Coating soybean seeds by using the Dadun soybean seed coating agent;
(3) Applying base fertilizer in combination with soil preparation, wherein the base fertilizer is 34kg/hm of urea 2 Diammonium phosphate 85kg/hm 2 And potassium sulfate 72kg/hm 2 The fertilizing depth of the base fertilizer is 4cm below the seeds;
(4) Soybean sowing:
and (3) sowing time: 5 months and 3 days;
a sowing mode: when the ground temperature of 4cm of soil is 11 ℃, sowing soybeans in a no-tillage sowing mode, wherein the row spacing of the no-tillage sowing mode is 65cm, the equal spacing sowing mode is adopted, and the plant spacing of the no-tillage sowing mode is 23cm; the seeding quantity of the no-tillage seeding is 2 grains/hole;
fertilizing during sowing: applying urea 14.5kg/hm 2 Diammonium phosphate 37kg/hm 2 And potassium sulfate 32kg/hm 2 The depth of fertilizer application during sowing is 4.5cm below the seeds;
(5) Weeding for soybean:
carrying out soil spraying by using a mixed aqueous solution of prometryn, acetochlor and flumetsulam before emergence of seedlings after soybean sowing, wherein the content of active ingredients of the prometryn is 50%, the content of active ingredients of the acetochlor is 900g/L, the content of active ingredients of the flumetsulam is 10%, the mixed aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the prometryn, the acetochlor, the flumetsulam and water according to a volume ratio of 1;
(6) Harvesting soybeans:
the soybeans are harvested mechanically, all the leaves fall clean, the soybean grains are rounded, the loss rate is less than or equal to 3 percent, the crushing rate is less than or equal to 1 percent, and no bottom pod is left after cutting;
(7) Applying base fertilizer to corn:
applying N at one time: 60kg/hm 2 ，P 2 O 5 ：100kg/hm 2 ，K 2 O：80kg/hm 2 ；
(8) Corn sowing:
and (3) sowing period: second year, 5 months and 2 days;
a sowing mode: adopting a no-tillage seeding mode when the local air temperature reaches and stabilizes at 11 ℃ and the water content at a 9cm part of the soil is 13 percent, wherein the seeding quantity of the no-tillage seeding is 6.3 ten thousand plants/hm 2 The sowing depth is 3cm, the row spacing of the no-tillage sowing is 40cm, the row spacing of the no-tillage sowing is 90cm, the row spacing of the no-tillage sowing is 23cm;
(9) Applying additional fertilizer:
and (3) topdressing N by adopting a strip intertillage deep scarification topdressing machine before corn jointing: 180kg/hm 2 ；
(10) Weeding for corn:
carrying out soil spraying by using a mixed aqueous solution of the diclazine, the acetochlor, the atrazine and the bracey mesotrione before emergence of seedlings after corn sowing, wherein the effective component content of the acetochlor is 900g/L, the effective component content of the atrazine is 38%, the effective component content of the bracey mesotrione is 25%, the mixed aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the diclazine, the acetochlor, the atrazine and the bracey mesotrione with water according to a volume ratio of 1.25L/hectare;
(11) Harvesting of corn:
the water content of the corn seeds is more than 25 percent, and the corn seeds are harvested by picking.
Example 2
(1) When a plough layer is unfrozen for 8cm, stubble cleaning, deep loosening and ridging are carried out, the ridge direction is straight, the depth of deep loosening in the deep loosening and ridging is 23cm, and the ridge distance of the ridges is 55cm;
(2) Selecting a Dadunfeng soybean seed coating agent to coat soybean seeds;
(3) Applying a base fertilizer in combination with soil preparation, wherein the base fertilizer is 34kg/hm of urea 2 Diammonium phosphate 85kg/hm 2 And potassium sulfate 72kg/hm 2 The fertilizing depth of the base fertilizer is 5cm below the seeds;
(4) Soybean sowing:
and (3) sowing time: 5 months and 3 days;
a sowing mode: when the ground temperature of 4cm of soil is 11 ℃, sowing soybeans in a no-tillage sowing mode, wherein the row spacing of the no-tillage sowing mode is 40cm, the row spacing of the no-tillage sowing mode is 90cm, and the plant spacing of the no-tillage sowing mode is 23cm; the seeding quantity of the no-tillage seeding is 2 grains/hole;
fertilizing during sowing: applying urea 14.5kg/hm 2 Diammonium phosphate 37kg/hm 2 And potassium sulfate 32kg/hm 2 The depth of fertilizer application during sowing is 4.5cm below the seeds;
(5) Weeding of soybean:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out soil spraying by using a mixed aqueous solution of puzzuo-ethyl missible oil, acetochlor and flumetsulam before seedling emergence after soybean sowing, wherein the content of active ingredients of the puzzuo-ethyl missible oil is 50%, the content of the active ingredients of the acetochlor is 900g/L, the content of the active ingredients of the flumetsulam is 8%, the mixed aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the puzzuo-ethyl missible oil, the acetochlor, the flumetsulam and water according to a volume ratio of 1;
(6) Harvesting soybeans:
the soybeans are harvested mechanically, all the leaves fall clean, the soybean grains are rounded, the loss rate is less than or equal to 3 percent, the crushing rate is less than or equal to 1 percent, and no bottom pod is left after stubble cutting;
(7) Applying base fertilizer to corn:
applying N at one time: 60kg/hm 2 ，P 2 O 5 ：100kg/hm 2 ，K 2 O：80kg/hm 2 ；
(8) Corn sowing:
and (3) sowing time: second year, 5 months and 2 days;
a sowing mode: when the local air temperature reaches and stabilizes at 11 ℃, and the water content of 9cm soil is 13%, adopting a 2BJ series precision seeder and a 2BD-2 precision seeder, carrying out precision seeding on wide rows which are rotary-tilled in the previous year, wherein the seeding depth is 3.5cm, the seeding depth is consistent, the covering soil is uniform, after seeding, adopting a 1YM roller for pressing, the thickness of the pressed soil layer is 4cm, and the seeding density is 6.3 ten thousand plants/hm 2 Sowing seeds in rows with the spacing of 40cm and 90cm in wide and narrow rows, wherein the spacing of the sowed plants is 24cm;
(9) Applying additional fertilizer:
adopting a strip intertillage deep-loosening topdressing machine to perform N in a wide-row mode before the corn is subjected to jointing: 180kg/hm 2 ；
(10) Weeding for corn:
carrying out soil spraying by using a mixed aqueous solution of the diclazine, the acetochlor, the atrazine and the bracey mesotrione before emergence of seedlings after corn sowing, wherein the effective component content of the acetochlor is 900g/L, the effective component content of the atrazine is 38%, the effective component content of the bracey mesotrione is 25%, the mixed aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the diclazine, the acetochlor, the atrazine and the bracey mesotrione with water according to a volume ratio of 1.25L/hectare;
(11) Harvesting of corn:
the water content of the corn seeds is less than or equal to 25 percent, and the seeds are directly harvested.
Comparing examples 1 and 2 of the present application with conventional corn planting methods, the results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 Effect of different planting methods on maize
As can be seen from table 1, the per mu yield, the seedling protection rate, the natural rainfall utilization rate and the economic benefit of the corn obtained by the planting methods of the embodiments 1 and 2 of the present application are obviously superior to those of the conventional corn planting method.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A corn and soybean crop rotation planting method for improving the soil fertility of black soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) When the plough layer is unfrozen for 8-12 cm, stubble cleaning, deep loosening and ridging are carried out, and the ridge direction is straight;
(2) Coating soybean seeds by using a special seed coating agent for beans;
(3) Applying base fertilizer in combination with soil preparation, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 31.5-38.5 kg/hm of urea 2 70-105 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate 2 And 56-84 kg/hm of potassium sulfate 2 ；
(4) Soybean sowing:
and (3) sowing time: 25 days in 4 months to 10 days in 5 months;
a sowing mode: when the ground temperature of 3-5 cm of soil is 10-12 ℃, sowing soybeans in a no-tillage sowing mode;
fertilizing during sowing: adding 13.5-16.5 kg/hm of urea 2 30-45 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate 2 And 24-36 kg/hm of potassium sulfate 2 ；
(5) Weeding of soybean:
using a mixed aqueous solution of paracetamol, acetochlor and flumetsulam to spray soil after soybean sowing and before emergence of seedlings;
(6) Harvesting soybeans:
when the leaves are completely fallen and the bean grains are rounded, harvesting the soybeans;
(7) Applying a base fertilizer to the corn:
applying N at one time: 55-65 kg/hm 2 ，P 2 O 5 ：80～120kg/hm 2 ，K 2 O：60～100kg/hm 2 ；
(8) Corn sowing:
and (3) sowing time: 15 days in 4 months to 15 days in 5 months in the next year;
a sowing mode: when the local air temperature reaches and stabilizes at 11-12 ℃ and the water content of the soil at 8-10 cm is 12-14%, adopting a precision seeding or no-tillage seeding mode, and compacting by using soil after the precision seeding is finished, wherein the no-tillage seeding is not required to be compacted;
(9) Applying additional fertilizer:
applying N before corn jointing: 165-195 kg/hm 2 ；
(10) Weeding for corn:
after the corn is sowed and before the emergence of seedlings, mixed aqueous solution of the bulgazin, the acetochlor, the atrazine and the bradawei mesotrione is used for spraying soil;
(11) Harvesting of corn:
when the water content of the corn grains is less than or equal to 25 percent, directly harvesting the corn grains; when the water content of the corn grains is more than 25%, picking and harvesting.
2. The corn-soybean rotation planting method for improving the soil fertility of the black soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the depth of the deep scarification in the deep scarification and ridging is 20-23 cm, and the ridge spacing of the ridges is 55-58 cm.
3. A corn soybean rotation planting method for improving black soil land fertility according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (2), the bean special seed coating agent comprises a DADIFENG soybean seed coating agent.
4. The corn soybean rotation planting method for improving the soil fertility in black soil according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the fertilizing depth of the base fertilizer is 3-5 cm below the seeds.
5. The corn soybean rotation planting method for improving the soil fertility in black soil according to claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the row spacing of the no-tillage planting is 64-66 cm and the like or 38-42 cm and 88-92 cm wide and narrow row spacing;
the spacing between the no-tillage sowing plants is 20-25 cm;
the seeding quantity of the no-tillage seeding is 2-3 grains/hole;
the depth of fertilization during sowing is 4-5 cm below the seeds.
6. The corn-soybean rotation planting method for improving black soil land productivity according to claim 5, wherein in the step (5), the content of the effective component of the promethan missible oil is 45-55%;
the content of the effective component of the acetochlor is 850-950 g/L;
the content of the active ingredients of the flumetsulam is 8-12%;
the mixed aqueous solution is prepared by mixing paracetamol and acetochlor, flumetsulam and water according to the volume ratio of 1-2.
7. The corn soybean rotation planting method for improving the land capability of the black soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step (8), the seeding amount of the precision seeding or no-tillage seeding is 6-6.5 ten thousand plants/hm independently 2 ；
The sowing depth of the precision sowing or the no-tillage sowing is independently 3-4 cm;
the thickness of the soil layer pressed by soil after the precision seeding is 3-5 cm;
the row spacing of the precision seeding or no-tillage seeding is 64-66 cm equal spacing seeding or 38-42 cm wide-narrow row seeding and 88-92 cm wide-narrow row seeding independently;
the plant spacing of the precision seeding or no-tillage seeding is independently 22-24 cm.
8. The corn soybean rotation planting method for improving black soil land productivity according to claim 7, characterized in that in the step (10), the content of the effective component of the acetochlor is 850-950 g/L;
the active ingredient content of the atrazine is 36-40%;
the content of the effective component of the kaempferol is 24-26%;
the mixed aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the diclazine, the acetochlor, the atrazine, the bracetoilet mesotrione and water according to the volume ratio of 1-2 to 7-9.
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| CN107046977A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-08-18 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of corn soybean composite plant method in Huang-Huai-Hai Shajiang black soil ground |
| CN112056037A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-11 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for returning all corn straws to field |
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| CN107046977A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-08-18 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of corn soybean composite plant method in Huang-Huai-Hai Shajiang black soil ground |
| CN112056037A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-11 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for returning all corn straws to field |
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