CN107106429A - 具有两种有益相的个人护理组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种个人护理组合物,所述个人护理组合物包含结构化清洁相和两种独立的有益相,其中所述第一有益相包含具有约50μm至约500μm平均粒度的高粘度有益剂,其中所述第二有益相包含具有约0.5μm至约10μm平均粒度的低粘度有益剂。
Description
技术领域
本公开一般涉及包含至少两种有益相的个人护理组合物,其中所述两种或更多种有益相占据所述个人护理组合物的独立物理域;以及与其相关的方法。
背景技术
随时间推移,皮肤清洁已成为个人卫生摄生法的一部分。皮肤清洁能够去除污垢、碎屑、细菌和可对皮肤或身体造成伤害的各种其它物质。清洁常常借助表面活性剂完成。表面活性剂起到有助于从皮肤去除沉积物质的功能。遗憾的是,表面活性剂也可起到从皮肤去除好的物质如类脂的作用。例如,皮肤上的类脂有助于防止皮肤失去太多水分。去除太多类脂可使皮肤易于变干。该问题的一个解决方案是利用更温和的表面活性剂。另一个解决方案是通过在皮肤上沉积有益物质来替换被去除的物质。然而,历史上已存在将这些有益材料有效沉积在皮肤上的努力,尤其是在洗去型产品如清洁剂中。因此,需要提供增强的有益物质在皮肤上的沉积的个人护理组合物。
发明内容
在一个示例中,个人护理组合物包含:a)结构化清洁相,所述清洁相包含:i)按所述个人护理组合物的重量计约5%至约20%的阴离子表面活性剂;ii)两性表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、或它们的组合;和b)第一疏水有益相,所述第一疏水有益相具有约50μm或更大的平均粒度,并且包含按所述个人护理组合物的重量计约0.1%至约20%的高粘度有益剂;和c)第二有益相,所述第二有益相具有约10μm或更小的平均粒度,并且包含按所述个人护理组合物的重量计约0.1%至约20%的低粘度有益剂;其中所述两个有益相占据所述个人护理组合物的独立物理域。
在另一个示例中,个人护理组合物包含:a)清洁相,所述清洁相包含:i)按所述组合物的重量计约5.0%至约15%的十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-2-硫酸钠;ii)按所述组合物的重量计约1.0%至约4%的椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱;iii)按所述组合物的重量计约0.1至约1%的阳离子瓜尔胶,所述阳离子瓜尔胶具有约0.2meq/g至约2.0meq/g的电荷密度;iv)包含缔合聚合物和非缔合聚合物的结构化体系;和b)包含凡士林的第一有益相,其中所述第一有益相的平均粒度为约50μm至约500μm;和c)包含大豆油的第二有益相,其中所述第二有益相的平均粒度为约0.5μm至约10μm。
将由下文更加详细的描述更好地理解这些和其它组合。
附图说明
图1为用于多相产品制造方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
虽然说明书通过特别指出并清楚地要求保护本发明的权利要求书作出结论,但据信由以下描述将更好地理解本发明。
本发明的装置、设备、方法、组分和/或组合物可包括本发明的组分以及本文所述的其它成分、基本上由本发明的组分以及本文所述的其它成分组成、或由本发明的组分以及本文所述的其它成分组成。如本文所用,“基本上由…组成”是指装置、设备、方法、组分和/或组合物可包括附加成分,但前提条件是附加成分不会实质性改变受权利要求书保护的装置、设备、方法、组分和/或组合物的基本特性和新颖特性。
除非另外指明,本文使用的全部百分比和比率均按总组合物的重量计,并且全部测量均在25℃下进行。
除非另外指明,本文使用的全部测量均为公制单位。
I.定义
如本文所用,以下术语应具有后文指定的含义:
“无水的”是指基本上不含水的那些组合物及其组分。
“缔合聚合物”是指在亲水性主链的端部或侧链处包含疏水性基团的水分散性聚合物。
如本文所用,“高粘度有益剂”是指如方法部分下的粘度方法所定义,在25℃下具有约1000cP或更高粘度的有益剂。
如本文所用,“低粘度有益剂”是指如方法部分下的粘度方法所定义,在25℃下具有约500cP或更低粘度的有益剂。
“多相”是指包含至少两种化学上不同的相(例如结构化清洁相和有益相)的个人护理组合物。此类相可彼此直接物理接触。个人护理组合物可为多相个人护理组合物,其中个人护理组合物的相可显著程度地共混或混合,但物理上仍不同。在这些情况下,肉眼察觉不到物理不同性。个人护理组合物还可为多相个人护理组合物,其中可使个人护理组合物的相占据其中可储存相的包装件内部的独立且不同的物理空间。在此类构造中,可储存所述相,使得它们彼此不直接接触(即相不被阻隔件隔开,并且所述相不乳化或混合至任何显著的程度)。个人护理组合物也可为多相个人护理组合物,其中所述相物理接触并且视觉上不同。视觉上不同的相可呈许多形式(例如相可呈现为条纹状、大理石花纹状)。个人护理组合物也可包含上文多相个人护理组合物中一种或多种的组合。在一种此类构造中,一种共混的多相个人护理组合物可与另一种共混的多相个人护理组合物堆叠以形成条纹状构型。另外,通过颜色可分辨的共混多相个人护理组合物可被堆叠成条纹,其中共混的多相个人护理组合物可另外在平均组成上类似。
“非缔合聚合物”是指具有缺少疏水性基团的相对均匀亲水性主链的水分散性聚合物。
“包装件”是指用于个人护理组合物的任何合适的容器,包括但不限于瓶、倒头瓶、管、广口瓶、非气溶胶泵、以及它们的组合。
“个人护理组合物”是指旨在用于局部施用至皮肤或毛发的组合物。个人护理组合物可为洗去型制剂,其中可将产品局部施用到皮肤和/或毛发,并且随后用水从皮肤和/或毛发洗去。也可使用基质将产品擦去。在任一种情况下,据信产品的至少一部分保留(即沉积)在皮肤上。个人护理组合物也可用作剃刮助剂。个人护理组合物可从包装件中挤出或分配。如由Wei等人共同拥有的以美国公布2004/0223991 A1提交于2004年5月7日,公布于2004年11月11日的标题为“Multiphase Personal Care Compositions”的专利申请中所述的粘度方法所测量,个人护理组合物可表现出约1,500cP至约1,000,000cP的粘度。个人护理组合物可为例如液体、半液体霜膏、洗剂或凝胶的形式,并且预期用于局部施用到皮肤和/或毛发。个人护理组合物的示例可包括但不限于洗发剂、调理洗发剂、沐浴剂、保湿沐浴剂、沐浴凝胶、洁肤剂、清洁乳、毛发和沐浴剂、沐浴保湿剂、宠物香波、剃刮制剂、以及与一次性清洁布结合使用的清洁组合物。
“STnS”是指十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚(n)硫酸钠,其中n可限定每分子乙氧基化物的平均摩尔数。
“稳定的”是指在50℃下快速老化10天后,具有距初始粘度值约30%或更少粘度变化的个人护理组合物。
“结构化”是指具有可对个人护理组合物赋予稳定性的流变特性。结构化度可通过下文所述的零剪切粘度方法确定的特性来确定。因此,如果结构化清洁相具有约20帕斯卡-秒(Pa-s)或更大,约200Pa-s或更大,约500Pa-s或更大,约1,000Pa-s或更大,约1,500Pa-s或更大,或约2,000Pa-s或更大的零剪切粘度,则可认为个人护理组合物的结构化清洁相是结构化的。确定可定义结构化度的特性的其它方法描述于美国专利申请序列号13/157,665中。
如本文所用,除非另外指明,短语“基本上不含”是指个人护理组合物包含少于约2%,少于约1%,少于约0.5%,或甚至少于约0.1%的所述成分。如本文所用,术语“不含”是指个人护理组合物包含0%的所述成分,该成分是未被加入个人护理组合物中的成分。然而,这些成分可作为副产物或个人护理组合物中其它组分的反应产物附带地形成。
“表面活性剂组分”是指相中全部阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂的总和。当基于表面活性剂组分计算时,将水和电解质排除在涉及表面活性剂组分的计算之外,因为表面活性剂在制造时可被稀释和中和。
“视觉上不同的”一般是指具有一种平均组成的多相个人护理组合物的区域,其不同于另一种具有不同平均组成的区域,其中所述区域可以是独立肉眼可见的。这将不排除包含两种类似多相个人护理组合物或相的区域,其中一种多相个人护理组合物或相可包含某些颜料、染料、颗粒和多种任选成分,从而提供具有不同平均组成的区域(例如不同的纹理或不同的颜色)。
II.个人护理组合物
可能难以在相同过程中清洁皮肤以去除不需要的物质如污垢,并且沉积有益物质如有益剂。然而,这正是在具有有益剂的个人护理组合物中实现的目标。一个挑战是沉积足够量的皮肤有益剂而不损害清洁性能诸如泡沫和使用后的皮肤感觉。通常用于清洁组合物中的表面活性剂倾向于减少皮肤有益剂的沉积。克服沉积挑战的一种方法是通过使用高度粘性的疏水性材料诸如凡士林。但是,凡士林使皮肤油腻/被涂覆,这对于某些消费者是不期望的。另选地,低粘度天然三甘油酯油用于沐浴剂中以实现清洁的皮肤感觉。但是,低粘度植物油在皮肤上具有不佳的沉积和更少的皮肤有益效果。因此,非常难以实现在皮肤上的高效沉积而不损害性能。
先前据信,通过一组特定的疏水性非消泡性聚合物如凡士林预增稠的低粘度有益剂提供增强的有益剂在清洁组合物中的沉积,而不损害发泡性能。然而,凡士林是熟知的皮肤保湿剂,并且将低粘度油与凡士林共混可不利地影响作为皮肤有益剂的凡士林的沉积。例如,当凡士林(高粘度有益剂)与低粘度有益剂如大豆油预共混时,凡士林的沉积受损,具有约70μg/cm2的沉积。相反,如果大豆油和凡士林作为独立的有益相分别加入组合物,则凡士林的沉积大幅增强。以该方式制得的组合物沉积约270μg/cm2至约350μg/cm2。
不受理论限制,据信将低粘度和高粘度有益剂共混在一起导致具有约10μm或更少的更小平均粒度的共混有益相,其中有益剂在单一域中。然而,当将两种有益剂分别加入清洁相时,所得组合物具有两种不同的有益相,并且对于高粘度有益相,平均粒度为约50μm或更大,而对于低粘度有益相,平均粒度为约10μm或更小,并且两种有益相占据独立的物理域。据信,因为有益剂与皮肤表面更大的接触表面积,更大粒度的有益剂倾向于更好地沉积,这增加了粘附性,并且用清洁表面活性剂更难以去除皮肤上的类脂颗粒。因此,将高粘度有益剂保持在独立的域中有助于保持其更大的粒度和增强其沉积。因此,据信具有约50μm或更大粒度的有益相的个人护理组合物比具有更小粒度的那些有益相具有到皮肤上更好的沉积。
A.结构化清洁相
如本文所指出,个人护理组合物可包含结构化清洁相和有益相。结构化清洁相和有益相可物理接触。相可共混或混合至显著程度,但物理上仍不同,使得肉眼察觉不到物理不同性。也可使相占据其中可储存相的包装件内部的独立且不同的物理空间。在此类构造中,可储存结构化清洁相和有益相,使得所述相彼此不直接接触。结构化清洁相和有益相可物理接触,同时保持视觉上不同,以提供例如条纹状或大理石花纹状构型。
个人护理组合物可包含上文多相个人护理组合物中一种或多种的组合。例如,一种共混的多相个人护理组合物可作为条纹与另一种共混的多相个人护理组合物堆叠。
个人护理组合物可包含清洁相。清洁相可包含至少一种阴离子表面活性剂。清洁相可包含按个人护理组合物的重量计3%至约20%,约5%至约15%,约7%至约15%,约5%至约13%,约5%至约20%的表面活性剂,或所述上限、下限和2%至30%范围内所含限值的任何组合。
清洁相可包含结构化域。结构化域优选为不透明的结构化域,其优选为层状相。层状相可提供耐剪切性、足以悬浮颗粒和小滴的屈服力,同时提供长期稳定性,因为它是热力学稳定的。层状相趋于具有使对粘度改性剂的需要最小化的粘度,但是如果需要也可包含它们。清洁相可包含多于一种表面活性剂。
阴离子表面活性剂可以是线性或支化的。一些合适的线性阴离子表面活性剂的示例包括月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵、月桂基硫酸三乙基胺、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸三乙基胺、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸单乙醇胺、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸单乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸二乙醇胺、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸二乙醇胺、月桂酸甘油单酯硫酸钠、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钾、月桂基肌氨酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸钠、肌氨酸月桂酯、椰油基肌氨酸、椰油基硫酸铵、椰油基羟乙基磺酸钠、十二烷酰基硫酸铵、椰油基硫酸钠、月桂酰硫酸钠、椰油基硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钾、椰油基硫酸单乙醇胺、十三烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、以及它们的组合。
一些合适的支化阴离子表面活性剂的示例包括但不限于以下表面活性剂:十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、十三烷基硫酸钠、C12-13烷基硫酸钠、C12-15烷基硫酸钠、C11-15烷基硫酸钠、C12-18烷基硫酸钠、C10-16烷基硫酸钠、C12-13烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、C12-13烷基聚氧乙烯醚-n硫酸钠、C12-14烷基聚氧乙烯醚-n硫酸钠、以及它们的组合。全部前述表面活性剂的其它盐均是可用的,诸如TEA盐、DEA盐、氨盐、钾盐。可用的烷氧基化物包括环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和EO/PO混合的烷氧基化物。由支化醇制得的磷酸盐、羧酸盐和磺酸盐也是可用的阴离子支化表面活性剂。支化表面活性剂可衍生自合成醇诸如来自由Fischer-Tropsch浓缩合成气生产的液体烃的伯醇,例如购自Sasol North America,Houston,TX的SafolTM23醇;衍生自合成醇诸如购自Shell Chemicals,USA的NeodolTM23;衍生自合成制得的醇诸如描述于2002年1月1日授予Coffindaffer等人的美国专利6,335,312中的那些。醇的合适示例为SafolTM23和NeodolTM23。烷氧基化醇的合适示例为SafolTM23-3和NeodolTM23-3。硫酸盐可由硫基SO3气流工艺、氯磺酸工艺、硫酸工艺或发烟硫酸工艺,通过常规方法制备成高纯度。在降膜反应器中,经由SO3气流制备为优选的硫酸盐化方法。
阴离子表面活性剂也可为STnS,其中n可定义平均乙氧基化摩尔数。结构化清洁相可包含按个人护理组合物的重量计约5%至约20%,约7%至约18%,约9%至约16%,约11%至约14%的STnS。结构化清洁相可包含按个人护理组合物的重量计5%至20%,7%至18%,9%至16%,11%至14%的STnS。n可在约0至约3,约0.5至约2.7,约1.1至约2.5,约1.8至约2.2的范围内,或者n可为约2。当n小于3时,STnS可提供改善的稳定性,有益剂在个人护理组合物内改善的相容性,以及增大的个人护理组合物温和性。STnS的此类所述有益效果公开于美国专利申请序列号13/157,665中。
此外,结构化清洁相还可包含结构化体系,其中结构化体系可包含缔合聚合物和非缔合聚合物。结构化体系可包含按个人护理组合物的重量计约0.01%至约5%,约0.05%至约1%,约0.07%至约0.5%,或约0.1%至约0.3%的非缔合聚合物。结构化体系也可包含按个人护理组合物的重量计0.01%至5%,0.05%至1%,0.07%至0.5%,或0.1%至0.3%的非缔合聚合物。结构化体系可包含按个人护理组合物的重量计约0.001%至约5%,约0.005%至约0.5%,约0.007%至约0.05%,约0.008%至约0.04%,或约0.01%至约0.03%的缔合聚合物。结构化体系可包含按个人护理组合物的重量计0.001%至5%,0.005%至0.5%,0.007%至0.05%,0.008%至0.04%,或0.01%至0.03%的缔合聚合物。
此类缔合聚合物可为交联的碱溶胀性缔合聚合物,所述聚合物包含酸性单体和具有疏水性端基的缔合单体,从而所述缔合聚合物包含疏水改性百分比和包含烷基官能团的疏水性侧链。不旨在受理论的限制,据信酸性单体可有助于在中和酸性基团时缔合型聚合物在水中溶胀的能力;并且缔合型单体将缔合型聚合物锚固到结构化表面活性剂疏水域中,例如片层中以向表面活性剂相赋予结构,并防止在电解质的存在下缔合型聚合物垮塌和损失有效性。交联的缔合聚合物可包含疏水改性百分比,这是单体的摩尔百分比,表示为聚合物主链中全部单体总数的百分比,包括酸性和其它非酸性单体两者。缔合聚合物的疏水改性百分比(后文为%HM)可通过合成期间加入的单体比率或通过分析技术诸如质子核磁共振(NMR)来确定。缔合烷基侧链可包括例如丁基、丙基、硬脂基、硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚、十六烷基、月桂基、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚、辛基、二十二烷基、山嵛醇聚醚、硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚、或其它线性、支化、饱和或不饱和的烷基或烷基聚氧乙烯醚烃侧链。
也已发现,具有一定%HM和一定烷基侧链疏水性端基碳数的交联缔合聚合物可向包含结构化表面活性剂的个人护理组合物,尤其是向包含减少量的表面活性剂的个人护理组合物提供显著的结构增强。此类缔合聚合物还可在令人惊奇的低含量聚合物结构剂下提供上文结构。已知,至多约5%或甚至10%的缔合聚合物浓度提供足量的结构(例如美国专利7,119,059(Librizzi等人)和6,897,253(Schmucker-Castner等人)的示例性组合物)。已发现,当可最优化缔合聚合物%HM与烷基侧链碳数时,可仅使用少于约3重量%,少于约2%,少于约1%,以及少于约0.2%的缔合聚合物作为含水结构化表面活性剂相的百分比,增加含水结构化表面活性剂相的结构。
酸性单体可包含任何酸性官能团,例如硫酸根、磺酸根、羧酸根、膦酸根、或磷酸根、或酸性基团的混合物。酸性单体可包含例如羧酸根。作为另外一种选择,所述酸性单体可为丙烯酸酯,包括丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸。酸性单体可包含可聚合结构例如乙烯基官能团。也可使用酸性单体的混合物,例如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸单体混合物。
缔合单体可包含疏水性端基和可聚合组分,例如乙烯基,其可被附接。疏水性端基可经由不同的方法附接至可聚合组分,从而附接至聚合物链,但可被醚或酯或酰胺官能团附接,诸如丙烯酸烷基酯或链烷酸乙烯酯单体。疏水性端基也可经由例如烷氧基配体诸如烷基醚与链隔开。缔合单体可为例如烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯,其中(甲基)丙烯酸酯被理解为是指甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯,或两者的混合物。
有时,缔合聚合物的疏水性端基可与个人护理组合物的水相不相容,并且可与起泡表面活性剂疏水组分缔合。不受理论的限制,据信结构化聚合物疏水性端基的更长烷基链可增加与水相的不相容性以增强结构,然而碳数几乎类似于起泡表面活性剂疏水物(例如12至14个碳)或多种起泡表面活性剂疏水物(例如双层)的更短烷基链也可以是有效的。疏水性端基碳数的理想范围与表示为聚合物主链百分比的疏水性单体的最佳百分比的组合,可向包含结构化表面活性剂与低含量聚合物结构剂的个人护理组合物提供增加的结构。
示例性缔合聚合物可包括由日本Sumitomo Seika制得的SER-300,其为丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸C10-C30烷基酯交联聚合物,并且包含具有少于约1%HM的硬脂基侧链。缔合聚合物可包含约0.7%疏水改性的约C16(十六烷基)烷基疏水性侧链,但是疏水改性百分比可至多至表面活性剂组合物中的水溶解度极限(例如至多2%、5%、或10%)。其它缔合聚合物可包括硬脂基、辛基、癸基和月桂基侧链、丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物、聚丙烯酸酯、疏水改性的多糖、疏水改性的聚氨酯、包含约C18(硬脂基)侧链和约0.4%HM的SER-150(丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸C10-C30烷基酯交联聚合物)、和包含约C8(辛基)侧链和约3.5%HM的HV-701EDR、以及它们的混合物。另一种示例性缔合聚合物可为由3V SigmaS.p.A.制造的Stabylen 30,其具有支化的异癸酸酯疏水性缔合侧链。
如上所述,个人护理组合物的结构化清洁相还可包含非缔合聚合物。合适的非缔合聚合物可包括具有不含疏水性基团的相对均匀的亲水性主链的水分散性聚合物。非缔合聚合物的示例可包括生物聚合物多糖(例如黄原胶、结冷胶)、纤维素多糖(例如羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素)、其它多糖(例如瓜尔胶、羟丙基瓜尔胶、和藻酸钠)、以及合成烃聚合物(例如聚丙烯酰胺和共聚物、聚环氧乙烷、聚丙烯酸共聚物)。
个人护理组合物还可在一相或多相中包含有机阳离子沉积聚合物,作为本文所述的有益剂的沉积助剂。合适的阳离子沉积聚合物可包含阳离子含氮部分,诸如季铵部分。阳离子沉积聚合物的非限制性示例可包括多糖聚合物诸如阳离子纤维素衍生物。阳离子纤维素聚合物可为羟乙基纤维素与三甲基铵取代的环氧化物反应生成的盐,在工业界(CTFA)被称为聚季铵盐10,其可以它们的聚合物KG、JR和LR聚合物系列得自Amerchol Corp.(Edison,N.J.)。其它合适的阳离子沉积聚合物可包括阳离子瓜尔胶衍生物,诸如瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵,其具体示例可包括可从Rhodia Inc.商购获得的Jaguar系列和可从Aqualon商购获得的N-Hance聚合物系列。沉积聚合物可具有约0.8meq/g至约2.0meq/g,或约1.0meq/g至约1.5meq/g,或约0.96meq/g的阳离子电荷密度。
个人护理组合物可任选不含或基本上不含月桂基硫酸钠(后文为SLS)和/或十二烷基硫酸铵(后文为ALS),并且可包含至少70%的层状结构。然而,在可供选择的构造中,结构化清洁相可包含至少一种表面活性剂,其中至少一种表面活性剂包括SLS和/或ALS。SLS的合适示例描述于美国专利申请序列号12/817,786中。
个人护理组合物还可包含按个人护理组合物的重量计约0.1%至约20%的辅助表面活性剂。辅助表面活性剂可包括两性表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、或它们的混合物。例如,个人护理组合物可包含两性表面活性剂和/或两性离子表面活性剂。合适的两性或两性离子表面活性剂可包括美国专利5,104,646和5,106,609中所述的那些。
两性表面活性剂可包括被广泛描述为脂族仲胺和叔胺的衍生物的那些,其中脂族基团可为直链或支链,并且其中脂族取代基可包含约8至约18个碳原子,使得一个碳原子可包含水增溶性阴离子基团,例如羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根、或膦酸根。属于该定义的化合物的示例可为3-十二烷基氨基丙酸钠、3-十二烷基氨基丙磺酸钠、月桂基肌氨酸钠、N-烷基牛磺酸(如根据美国专利2,658,072中的教导,通过十二烷基胺与羟乙基磺酸钠反应制得的那种)、N-高级烷基天冬氨酸(诸如根据美国专利2,438,091中的教导制得的那些、和美国专利2,528,378中所述的产物)。两性表面活性剂的其它示例可包括月桂酰两性基乙酸钠、椰油酰两性基乙酸钠、月桂酰两性基乙酸二钠、椰油酰两性基乙酸二钠、以及它们的混合物。也可使用两性乙酸盐和二两性乙酸盐。
适用的两性离子表面活性剂可包括被广泛描述为脂族季铵、鏻鎓和锍化合物的衍生物的那些,其中脂族基团可为直链或支链,并且其中脂族取代基可包含约8至约18个碳原子,使得一个碳原子可包含阴离子基团如羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根。其它两性离子表面活性剂可包括甜菜碱,包括椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱。
一般可用于个人护理组合物的结构化清洁相中的其它合适的表面活性剂或辅助表面活性剂描述于McCutcheon的“Detergents and Emulsifiers”北美版(AlluredPublishing Corporation 1947)(1986)、McCutcheon的“Functional Materials”北美版(Allured Publishing Corporation 1973)(1992)和美国专利3,929,678(提交于1974年8月1日)中。
个人护理组合物的结构化清洁相还可包含水。个人护理组合物的结构化清洁相可包含按个人护理组合物的重量计约10%至约90%,约40%至约85%,或约60%至约80%的水。
清洁相中可包含其它任选的添加剂,包括例如乳化剂(例如非离子乳化剂)和电解质。合适的电解质可包含阴离子诸如磷酸根、氯离子、硫酸根、柠檬酸根、以及它们的混合物,和阳离子诸如钠、铵、钾、镁、以及它们的混合物。例如,合适的电解质可包括氯化钠、氯化铵、硫酸钠、硫酸铵、以及它们的混合物。其它合适的乳化剂和电解质描述于美国专利申请序列号13/157,665中。
B.有益相
如本文所指出的,个人护理组合物可包含两种或更多种有益相。有益相可为疏水性的和/或无水的。有益相还可基本上不含或不含表面活性剂。
第一有益相
第一有益相可包含按个人护理组合物的重量计约0.1%至约20%的高粘度皮肤有益剂。包含高粘度有益剂的第一有益相可具有至少约50μm,至少约100μm,至少200μm,至少约300μm,至约10,000μm的平均粒度。
高粘度有益剂可包括水不溶性或疏水性有益剂。高粘度有益剂的示例可包括凡士林、微晶蜡/矿物油共混物、石蜡/矿物油共混物、羊毛脂、羊毛脂衍生物、蜡/矿物油共混物、三甘油酯蜡、合成三甘油酯、以及它们的组合。其它合适的高粘度有益剂描述于美国专利申请序列号13/157,665中。
高粘度有益剂在25℃下可具有约1,000cP或更高的粘度。在一个示例中,25℃下高粘度有益剂的粘度大于约10,000cP。在另一个示例中,高粘度有益剂在25℃下具有约100,000cP的粘度。高粘度有益剂在25℃下的粘度可为至多约1,000,000cP。
第二有益相
个人护理组合物可包含第二有益相。第二有益相可包含低粘度有益剂。低粘度有益剂在25℃下具有小于约500cP的粘度。在一个示例中,低粘度有益剂在25℃下具有小于100cP的粘度。
低粘度有益剂的示例包括甘油酯。适用作本文低粘度疏水性有益剂的低粘度甘油酯的非限制性示例可包括大豆油、向日葵籽油、蓖麻油、红花油、玉米油、胡桃油、花生油、橄榄油、鳕鱼肝油、杏仁油、鳄梨油、棕榈油、芝蔴油、植物油、植物油衍生物、椰油和衍生的椰油、棉籽油和衍生的棉籽油、霍霍巴油、以及它们的组合。
低粘度有益剂的另一个示例为其包括一种或多种类型的蔗糖聚酯。蔗糖聚酯来源于天然源,因此使用蔗糖聚酯作为有益剂可获得积极的环境影响。蔗糖聚酯为聚酯材料,聚酯材料具有围绕蔗糖主链的多个取代位点,以及脂肪链的链长、饱和度和衍生变量。此类蔗糖聚酯可具有大于约5的酯化度(“IBAR”)。例如,蔗糖聚酯可具有约5至约8的IBAR。在另一个示例中,蔗糖聚酯可具有约5-7的IBAR;在另一个示例中,蔗糖聚酯可具有约6的IBAR。在另一个示例中,蔗糖聚酯可具有约8的IBAR。由于蔗糖聚酯可衍生自天然源,因此IBAR和链长方面可存在分布。例如,IBAR为6的蔗糖聚酯可包含大部分IBAR为约6,一些IBAR为约5,并且一些IBAR为约7的混合物。另外,此类蔗糖聚酯可具有约3至约140的饱和度或碘值(“IV”)。又如,蔗糖聚酯可具有约10至约120的IV。在另一个示例中,蔗糖聚酯可具有约20至100的IV。此外,此类蔗糖聚酯可具有约C12至C20的链长。
适用作本文低粘度疏水性有益剂的烷基酯的非限制性示例可包括脂肪酸异丙酯和长链(即C10-C24)脂肪酸的长链酯如蓖麻油酸鲸蜡酯,其非限制性示例可包括棕榈酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、蓖麻油酸鲸蜡酯和蓖麻油酸十八烷基酯。其它示例可包括月桂酸己酯、月桂酸异己酯、肉豆蔻酸十四烷基酯、棕榈酸异己酯、油酸癸酯、油酸异癸酯、硬脂酸十六烷酯、硬脂酸癸酯、异硬脂酸异丙酯、己二酸二异丙酯、己二酸二异己酯、己二酸二己基癸酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、酰基异壬酸酯、乳酸月桂酯、乳酸十四烷酯、乳酸鲸蜡酯、以及它们的组合。
适用作本文低粘度疏水性有益剂的硅油的非限制性示例可包括二甲基硅氧烷共聚多元醇、二甲基聚硅氧烷、二乙基聚硅氧烷、混合的C1-C30烷基聚硅氧烷、苯基二甲基硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷醇、以及它们的组合。可用于本文的硅油的非限制性示例描述于美国专利5,011,681中。其它合适的低粘度疏水性皮肤有益剂还可包括牛奶甘油三酯(如羟基化牛奶甘油酯)和多元醇脂肪酸聚酯。
C.其它任选的材料
也可将附加的任选材料加入个人护理组合物以处理皮肤,或改变个人护理组合物的美观性,如香料、着色剂、染料等的情况。可用于本文产品中的附加材料可按照它们的美容和/或治疗有益效果或它们的假定作用方式或功能进行归类和描述。然而应当理解,在一些情况下,可用于本文的活性物质和其它材料可提供多于一种的美容和/或处理有益效果或功能,或通过多于一种的作用模式起作用。因此,可为了方便起见进行本文的分类,并且不旨在将材料限制在所列的特别指出的一个应用或多个应用中。这些任选材料的确切性质和它们的加入量将取决于个人护理组合物的物理形式和它所用于的清洁操作的性质。可通常配制按个人护理组合物的重量计约6%或更少,约5%或更少,约4%或更少,约3%或更少,约2%或更少,约1%或更少,约0.5%或更少,约0.25%或更少,约0.1%或更少,约0.01%或更少,或约0.005%或更少的任选材料。
个人护理组合物还可包含有益组分,有益组分可选自增稠剂;防腐剂;抗微生物剂;芳香剂;螯合剂(例如诸如授予Bisset等人的美国专利5,487,884中所述的那些);多价螯合剂;维生素(例如视黄醇);维生素衍生物(例如乙酸生育酚酯、烟酰胺、泛醇);防晒剂;脱屑活性物质(诸如授予Bisset的美国专利5,681,852和5,652,228中所述的那些);抗皱纹/抗萎缩活性物质(例如N-酰基衍生物、硫醇、羟基酸、酚);抗氧化剂(例如抗坏血酸衍生物、生育酚)、皮肤抚慰剂/皮肤愈合剂(例如泛酸衍生物、芦荟、尿囊素);亮肤剂(例如曲酸、熊果苷、抗坏血酸衍生物);皮肤晒黑剂(例如二羟基丙酮);抗粉刺药剂;精油;增感剂;颜料;着色剂;珠光剂;干涉颜料(例如诸如授予Liang Sheng Tsaur的美国专利6,395,691、授予Aronson等人的美国专利6,645,511、授予Zhang等人的美国专利6,759,376、授予Zhang等人的美国专利6,780,826中所公开的那些)、颗粒(例如滑石、高岭土、云母、蒙脱石粘土、纤维素粉末、聚硅氧烷、二氧化硅、碳酸盐、二氧化钛、聚乙烯小珠);疏水改性的非片状颗粒(例如疏水改性的二氧化钛和其它材料,其描述于由Taylor等人于2005年2月15日提交的标题为“Personal Care Compositions Containing Hydrophobically Modified Non-platelet particle”的以公布号2006/0182699A公布于2006年8月17日的共同拥有的专利申请中);以及它们的混合物。个人护理组合物可包含按个人护理组合物的重量计约0.1%至约4%的疏水改性的二氧化钛。此类皮肤活性物质的其它此类合适示例描述于美国专利申请序列号13/157,665中。
其它任选材料可为允许用于化妆品中的那些材料以及描述于“CTFA CosmeticIngredient Handbook”第二版(The Cosmetic,Toiletries,and Fragrance Association,Inc.1988,1992)中的那些。
III.制造方法
如本文所述的个人护理组合物可通过多重有益效果流方法制造。在该方法中,将清洁相的组分加入槽罐中,简单混合以将组分共混在一起。将包含高粘度有益剂的有益相放置于独立的槽罐中,并且加热至50℃至80℃之间(或高于其熔点,取更高者)。将包含低粘度有益剂的附加有益相放置于第二槽罐中,并且加热至20℃-60℃(或高于其熔点,取更高者)。将清洁相的组分混合后,通过将有益相注入混合装置诸如静态混合器、转子-定子装置、再循环回路中,将一种有益相加入清洁相中,或与清洁相一起注入混合罐内的混合区中。然后以类似于第一有益相的方式,将剩余的有益相加入组合物。这不同于传统制造,其中有益剂在单个槽罐中混合,加热,并且通过简单混合加入表面活性剂相中。通过两个不同的注射点加入两种类脂流的有益效果是产生两个独立的粒度域。
IV.测试方法
A.T-型条粘度方法
个人护理组合物的粘度可由T-型条粘度方法评定。用于T-型条测量的设备包括配有Helipath附件的Brookfield DV-II+Pro粘度计;夹盘、砝码和用于附接T-型条的组装封闭器;T-型条锭子D,装有购自Brookfield的Rheocalc软件的个人电脑,以及将Brookfield粘度计与电脑连接的缆线。首先,将80克个人护理组合物称量到4oz玻璃广口瓶中。通过小心地将T-型条锭子降至玻璃广口瓶的内部底部并且将升降架台设为向上行进,来测量T-型条粘度。打开Rheocalc软件,并且设置以下数据采集参数:将速度设为5rpm,将扭矩等待时间设为00:01(1秒),并且将循环开始计数设为100。开始数据采集,并且启动升降架台,以22mm/min的速度向上行进。T-型条粘度为介于第10次读数和第90次读数之间的平均T-型条粘度读数(前十个读数和后十个读数不用于平均T-型条粘度计算中)。T-型条粘度读数以cP为单位提供。获得初始粘度读数后,将个人护理组合物在50℃下放置10天以快速老化。在50℃下完成稳定性测试后,将样品在25℃下平衡24小时。然后重复粘度测量以获得最终粘度。测量初始粘度与最终粘度测量的变化百分比,获得粘度变化百分比。
B.零剪切粘度和杨氏模量方法
可在混合于个人护理组合物之前,制备组合物之后,或首先经由合适的物理分离方法诸如离心、移液、机械切除、冲洗、过滤、或其它分离方法从个人护理组合物中分离相或组分,测量个人护理组合物的相或组分的材料的零剪切粘度。
使用可调节应力的流变仪诸如TA Instruments AR2000流变仪来确定零剪切粘度。在25℃下,使用4cm直径的平行板测量体系和1mm间隙,进行确定。几何体系具有79580m-3的剪切应力因子,以将所获得扭矩转换成应力。当发生滑动时,可使用锯齿形板以获得一致的结果。
首先,将材料放置在流变仪底板上;将测量几何体(上板)移至底板上方1.1mm位置处。固定几何体后,通过刮削,去除几何体边缘处的多余材料。然后将几何体移至底板上方1mm目标位置处,并且允许约2分钟的停顿以使载荷应力松弛。该荷载过程确保在测量开始时没有荷载可影响所得结果的切向应力。如果材料包含数均直径大于约150微米的通过肉眼或感觉可辨别的颗粒(例如小珠),则将基板和上板之间的间隙设置增大至4mm或95%体积颗粒直径的8倍中更小的距离。如果相具有在任何尺寸上大于5mm的任何颗粒,则在测量之前去除颗粒。
通过在4分钟的时间间隔内施加0.1Pa至1,000Pa的连续剪切应力渐变,使用对数级数,即测量点以对数标度均匀间隔,来进行测量。每增加十倍应力获得三十个测量点。如果测量结果不完善,例如如果观察到材料从间隙中流出,则对所获得的结果进行评价,排除不完善的数据点。如果没有足够的点获得准确的测量,则增加取样点数重复测量。
通过将应力(Pa)对应变(无量纲)绘图,并且获得通常出现在低于约4%应变区域中的应力对应变之间最初线性区域的回归线斜率,来获得杨氏模量(Pa)。如果关系非线性,则使用无量纲应变,取低于2%应变的线性回归线斜率作为杨氏模量(Pa)。
通过对所获得的介于0.1Pa和粘度开始陡降的点之间且包括该范围在内的粘度数据,以帕斯卡-秒(Pa-s)为单位取第一中值粘度,来获得零剪切粘度。在获得第一中值粘度后,排除大于第一中值的5倍且小于第一中值的0.2倍的全部粘度值,并且对排除指定数据点的相同粘度数据,获得第二中值粘度值。如此获得的第二中值粘度是零剪切粘度。
如上所述,如果结构化清洁相具有约200Pa-s或更大,约500Pa-s或更大,约1,000Pa-s或更大,约1,500Pa-s或更大,或约2,000Pa-s或更大的零剪切粘度,则可认为结构化清洁相是结构化的。
C.有益剂粘度方法
使用可调节应力的流变仪诸如TA Instruments AR2000流变仪,来确定有益剂的粘度。在25℃下,使用4cm直径的平行板测量体系和1mm间隙,进行确定。几何体系具有79580m-3的剪切应力因子,以将所获得扭矩转换成应力。当发生滑动时,可使用锯齿形板以获得一致的结果。
首先,将有益材料放置在流变仪底板上;将测量几何体(上板)移至底板上方1.1mm位置处。固定几何体后,通过刮削,去除几何体边缘处的多余材料。然后将几何体移至底板上方1mm目标位置处,并且允许约2分钟的停顿以使载荷应力松弛。该荷载过程确保在测量开始时没有荷载可影响所得结果的切向应力。如果材料包含数均直径大于约150微米的眼睛或通过感觉可辨别的颗粒(例如小珠),则将基板和上板之间的间隙设置增大至4mm或95%体积颗粒直径的8倍中更小的距离。如果相具有在任何尺寸上大于5mm的任何颗粒,则在测量之前去除颗粒。
通过在4分钟的时间间隔内施加0.1Pa至1,000Pa的连续剪切应力渐变,使用对数级数,即测量点以对数标度均匀间隔,来进行测量。每增加十倍应力获得三十个测量点。如果测量结果不完善,例如如果观察到材料从间隙中流出,则对所获得的结果进行评价,排除不完善的数据点。如果没有足够的点获得准确的测量,则增加取样点数重复测量。
通过将粘度(Pa.S)对剪切速率(s)作图,并且通过幂定律拟合获得稠度值(K)和剪切指数(n),获得有益剂的粘度。稠度值(K)定义为有益相/试剂粘度。
D.用于确定结构化表面活性剂稳定性的第三相方法
第三相方法可用于确定个人护理组合物中结构化表面活性剂相的稳定性。方法涉及在50℃下将个人护理组合物放置10天以快速老化。快速老化后,将约4克个人护理组合物转移到Beckman离心管(11mm×60mm)中。将离心管放置到Beckman LE-80超高速离心机中,并在以下条件下操作超高速离心机:50,000rpm,2小时和40℃。
超高速离心后,通过使用电子数显卡尺(精确至0.01mm)测量多个表面活性剂相中的每一个的高度,来确定第三相体积。
最顶层为疏水性有益相层(例如烃或大豆油)。包含表面活性剂/水的疏水性有益相层下方的层可通过以下确定:Ha为包含表面活性剂/水的全部层的高度,并且Hb为仅在疏水性有益相层下方的透明“第三相”层的高度。为最大程度地减少材料在不同层间的迁移,在超速离心结束后的30分钟内记录读数是重要的。如下计算第三相体积:第三相体积%=Hb/Ha*100%。
包含结构化表面活性剂的个人护理组合物在快速老化稳定性方案后可具有小于约10%的“第三相”体积,小于约5%的“第三相”体积,小于约2%的“第三相”体积,或小于约1%的“第三相”体积。在另一个构造中,包含结构化表面活性剂的个人护理组合物在快速老化方案后可具有约0%的“第三相”体积。
E.超速离心方法
超速离心方法是用于确定个人护理组合物或个人护理组合物子组中结构量的物理方法。方法也可用于确定包含结构化表面活性剂的个人护理组合物在稀释时的溶解速率,以向邻近表面的清洁环境提供有效量的表面活性剂。
个人护理组合物可通过超速离心机隔开到独立且可分辨的层中。个人护理组合物可具有多个可分辨的层(例如结构化表面活性剂层和有益层)。
首先,将约4克个人护理组合物分配到Beckman离心管(11mm×60mm)中以填充管。接着,使用90%的个人护理组合物和10%的去离子水,使用适当的混合器,将个人护理组合物稀释至10%稀释度,并且将等量的个人护理组合物分配到配套离心管中。持续稀释个人护理组合物并且以相同的方式填充管,直至使用40%的个人护理组合物和60%的去离子水,获得60%的个人护理组合物稀释度。将离心管放入超速离心机(Beckman L8-M型或等同物)中,使用悬式转子,并且采用下列条件超速离心:50,000rpm,2小时和40℃。
通过使用电子数显卡尺(精确至0.01mm)测量各层的高度,测量个人护理组合物各相的相对相体积。本领域的技术人员通过物理观察技术与化学鉴定(如果需要的话)相结合,对层进行识别。例如,通过透射电子显微镜法(TEM)、偏振光显微镜法和/或X射线衍射法,可将结构化表面活性剂识别为包含多层脂囊的结构化层状相,并且疏水性有益层由其低含水量来识别(如通过Karl Fischer滴定法测量的少于约10%的水)。测量总高度Ha,其包括超速离心管中的全部材料。接着从离心管底部至层顶部测量每层高度,并且可代数相减确定每层跨度。有益层可包括多个层。如果有益相分离,则测得的有益层总和为有益层高度Hb。一般来讲,当疏水性有益层存在时,其位于离心管的顶部处。
表面活性剂相可包括多个层或单个层Hc。在超速离心管底层或次底层还存在非结构化的澄清各向同性胶束层。紧位于各向同性相上方的层通常具有更高的表面活性剂浓度,同时具有更高的有序结构(诸如液晶)。此类结构化层可以是肉眼不透明的、或半透明的、或透明的。如果存在多个结构化层,则Hc为各个结构化层之和。如果存在任何类型的聚合物-表面活性剂相,则认为其为结构化相,并且包括在Hc测量中。水相之和为Hs。
最后,如下计算结构化域体积比率:
结构化域体积比率=Hc/Hs*100%
如果不存在有益相,则使用总高度作为表面活性剂层高度,Hs=Ha。结构化域体积比为层状相%。对制得并且离心的每种稀释液进行测量(即对组合物以及如上文所述制得的90%、80%、70%和60%稀释液进行结构化域体积比率的测量)。
其中个人护理组合物保持至少95%层状相%的稀释液的最大量(即最低稀释度)为具有不同的STnS的n值的个人护理组合物的结构量的指示。
其中个人护理组合物具有至少95%层状相的最高稀释度可大于约15%、大于约25%、或大于约35%。
个人护理组合物具有按包含含水表面活性剂的个人护理组合物的体积计大于约40%,大于约45%,大于约50%,大于约55%,大于约60%,大于约65%,大于约70%,大于约75%,大于约80%,大于约85%,或大于约90%的结构化域体积比率。
F.类脂粒度测量
在具有10倍物镜的微分干涉对比光学显微镜下,在纯产品中测量类脂粒度。手动计数粒度分布。在该应用中,全部类脂颗粒被假定为均匀的球体。对于不规则形状的类脂颗粒,使用最长轴作为粒度分布计数的直径。全部类脂颗粒的数量加权平均值定义为平均类脂颗粒大小。
G.体外沉积方法
体外沉积评估方法:体外沉积评估方法测量皮肤模拟物上的有益剂沉积。该方法对比在自动清洁单元中,诸如描述于共同未决和共同转让的Multiphase Personal CareComposition With Enhanced Deposition,美国申请12/510,880(2009年7月28日提交)和In-Vitro Deposition Evaluation Method for Identifying Personal CareCompositions Which Provide Improved Deposition of Benefit Agents,美国申请12/511,034(2009年7月28日提交)清洁之前和之后的皮肤模拟物表面的有益剂的量。
该体外沉积评估方法使用两个12孔板(后文称为“板”)。合适的12孔板市售于Greiner bio-one。例如,12孔悬浮培养物板具有3行和4列,其中孔体积为约6.2mL。12孔悬浮培养物板具有高19mm,长127mm和宽85mm的大致尺寸。12孔悬浮培养物板具有23mm的孔径,15mm的孔宽和2mm的孔-孔间距。12孔悬浮培养物板提供为包含含有上述实施例中的个人护理组合物的样品。
该体外沉积评估方法使用大致120g的实体用于两个板。将5克实体小心地装载入两个板的12个孔的每一个中,以确保相同的量装载入每一个孔中。每一实体是周长大致2mm的球形不锈钢轴承。每一实体包含铁金属材料。合适的实体为可购自WLBAntriebeselemente Gmbh,Scarrastrasse 12,D-68307Mannheim,Germany的那些。
根据上文实施例部分中的描述,制备个人护理组合物。在制备个人护理组合物的示例后,通过确定稀释比,并将个人护理组合物和蒸馏水都分配入微板的孔中而制备对照样品和测试样品,并使样品混合,同时进行自动清洗过程。在本申请中使用的稀释比是1份组合物和29份水(1:29)。将经预校正的正位移移液管用于将66.7μL的组合物分配在各孔的实体上,然后将1933.3μL的蒸馏水分配入各孔中。将对照样品和测试样品分配在板的各孔中,全部在20分钟的时间段内。将每种组合物放置在6个不同的孔中,其中3个在板1中,并且另外3个孔在板2中。包含有益剂的测试对照组合物应在每次测试中使用以确保测试之间的一致性。
在体外沉积评估方法中,所用的皮肤模拟物由模塑的双组分聚氨酯基质构成。皮肤模拟物在一面上以图案质构化,与人皮肤的纹理类似。使皮肤模拟物的质构化面涂覆有等离子体沉积的1,1,1-三甲基-1-戊烯。皮肤模拟物表面具有32±1.0(mJ/m2)的总表面能和100°±2.0的水中接触角。适合的皮肤模拟物表面材料描述于共同未决和共同转让的Coated Substrate with Properties of Keratinous Tissue,美国专利公布20070128255A1(提交于2006年8月11日)(公布于2007年6月7日)Methods of Use ofSubstrate Having Properties of Keratinous Tissue,美国专利公布20070288186A1(提交于2007年2月5日)(公布于2007年12月13日)中。
在板的全部孔都填充有样品,并且制得皮肤片并涂覆之后,制备皮肤模拟物用于体外沉积评估方法。通过切割皮肤模拟物以匹配板孔的全部12个开口的上部而制备两片皮肤模拟物,同时穿戴手套。将两片皮肤模拟物片编号为“1”和“2”。
接着,将皮肤模拟物片布置在微板孔开口上。将皮肤模拟物表面材料的片转移覆盖各板的孔开口,以确保皮肤模拟物的纹理和处理区域面向板的孔开口。将盖放置在皮肤模拟物的各片和相关的板上以形成加盖的板。
将加盖的板放入自动清洁单元或在本发明的体外沉积评估方法中使用的装置的板夹持器中。自动化清洗单元包括水平基座,水平基座包括四个微板夹持器。水平基座由矩形铝材构成,具有下列大致尺寸:高3/8英寸,宽十四英寸,长二十七英寸。自动清洁单元还包括两个由铝材构成的垂直支撑件,垂直支撑件具有以下大致尺寸:一英寸乘两英寸乘十又3/4英寸高。垂直支撑件附接到包括一个无杆式气动活塞的水平支撑件上。水平支撑件包括一个无杆式气动活塞,气动活塞具有1/2英寸乘两英寸乘二十六又1/2英寸高的大致尺寸。适合的无杆式气动活塞具有一英寸直径和十一英寸冲程,并且具有相连的末端吊耳和安装架,它们可从McMaster-Carr商购获得。无杆式气动活塞可以是双动式的,并且包括连接内部活塞与两个压缩空气端口的滑架。
自动化清洗单元包括两个磁臂。包括无杆式气动活塞的水平支撑件是两个磁臂安装在其上的构造。磁臂安装在无杆式气动活塞上,使得磁臂在压缩空气作用力下沿着双动无杆式气动活塞的长度方向来回移动。每个磁臂由铝材构成,并且具有一英寸乘两英寸乘十四英寸长的大致尺寸,并且具有容纳七个钕铁硼磁铁(未示出)的“T”形槽。每个钕铁硼磁铁具有两英寸长、一英寸宽和半英寸或一英寸高的大致尺寸。每个钕铁硼磁铁包括12200高斯的磁强度,其得自Edmund Scientifics。磁臂构造为高出微板夹持器约2.75cm,其前提是磁铁维持其吸引和移动包含在微板孔内的实体的功能。磁臂在压缩空气作用力下沿着无杆式气动活塞的长度方向,以10秒时间段内在无杆式气动活塞长度方面上移扫大致6个来回的速率来回移动。
磁臂可被配置有四个微板夹持器。每一微板夹持器包括一个夹板和四个与气动式控制单元附接的活塞。当致动时,用于气动控制单元的活塞以约90psi的压力将板保持在4个板夹持器中。在将加盖板放入自动清洁单元的板夹持器中之前,开启气动控制单元。
自动清洁单元可包括气动控制单元。顶视图显示了能与无杆式气动活塞、活塞和夹板相关联的气动式控制单元的组件。气动式控制单元可用于使压缩空气作用于自动化清洗单元,这通过压缩空气的势能转化成动能来提供力。气动式控制单元包括外部空气源向自动化清洗单元提供增压空气的螺线管空气控制阀、排气分配歧管、压缩空气控制阀、压缩空气流量调节器、交替式输出二元阀、双手安全气动控制阀、压缩空气控制阀以及多个连接器。空气控制阀、空气流量调节器、交替式二元阀、双手安全气动控制阀装置于螺线管空气控制阀的上游。适合的螺线管空气控制阀可被描述为具有10psi至120的工作压力的双口型空气阀。合适的压缩空气流量调节器可在例如14psi至116psi的压力范围内操作。合适的空气控制阀交替式输出二元阀40可在例如35psi至100psi的范围内操作。气动控制单元的全部组件得自
将加盖板放入板夹持器中,并致动气动控制单元,使得加盖板保持在90psi的压力下。致动磁臂,并使臂在高于板夹持器2.65cm的高度下移动经过加盖微板。自动清洁单元的磁臂以每10秒6次扫描的速度来回扫描经过板夹持器5分钟。在自动清洁过程进行5分钟后,从板夹持器去除加盖板并拆解。
在自动清洁步骤之后,填充两个4000ml大烧杯的20℃至25℃的水。将第一片皮肤模拟物从第一板上取下,并在第一烧杯中浸没在自来水中5次。将第二片皮肤模拟物从第二微板上取下,并且在第二烧杯内浸没五次。由皮肤模拟物上没有泡沫和皮肤模拟物上存在明确的沉积物质圈,目视判断清洗步骤完成。将两片皮肤模拟物用纸巾轻轻涂擦,并在干燥罩中各烟熏至少3小时。
然后用溶剂提取经处理皮肤模拟物的切出片,并通过气相色谱法对提取物分析和定性。
V.实施例
含水表面活性剂相可通过常规的混合技术制备。混合容器中的加入顺序如下:水、氯化钠、十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱、十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-3、瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸C10-C30烷基酯交联聚合物、EDTA、苯甲酸钠。用柠檬酸将pH调节至5.7。然后加入Kathon和香料。保持混合直至均匀。将包含高粘度有益剂的有益相放置于独立的槽罐中,并且加热至50℃至80℃之间(或高于其熔点,取更高者)。将包含低粘度有益剂的附加有益相放置于第二槽罐中,并且加热至20℃-60℃(或高于其熔点,取更高者)。将清洁相的组分混合后,通过将有益相注入混合装置诸如静态混合器、转子-定子装置、再循环回路中,将一种有益相加入清洁相中,或与清洁相一起注入混合罐内的混合区中。然后以类似于第一有益相的方式,将剩余的有益相加入组合物。
制造方法的样本流程图示于图1中。
如下所示,改变每个实施例的相的加入和混合顺序。
每个实施例的该制造方法的变化列于下文中。
在上表中,如所示,所用的静态混合器的直径为六或十毫米。每个静态混合器单元由六个元件组成。所用的静态混合器为总共六个或十二个混合元件的混合器中的一个或两个单元。所用的静态混合器为得自Sulzer的SMX型静态混合器。
应当理解在本说明书中给出的每一最大数值限度包括每一更低数值限度,如同此类更低数值限度在本文明确写出一样。应当理解在本说明书中给出的每一最小数值限度将包括每一更高数值限度,如同此类更高数值限度在本文明确写出一样。本说明书中给出的每一数值范围将包括落入此类更宽数值范围内的每一更窄数值范围,如同此类更窄数值范围全部在本文明确写出一样。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应理解为严格限于所引用的精确数值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个此类量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确排除在外或换句话讲有所限制,本文引用的每一篇文献,包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请以及本专利申请附带应用数据表中标示的任何相关专利或专利申请,均据此全文以引用方式并入本文。任何文献的引用不是对其相对于任何本发明所公开的或本文受权利要求书保护的现有技术的认可,或不是对其单独地或以与任何其它参考文献或多个参考文献的组合提出、建议或公开了任何此类发明的认可。此外,如果此文献中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入本文的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义相冲突,将以此文献中赋予该术语的含义或定义为准。
虽然已经举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方式,但是对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明实质和范围的情况下可作出多个其它改变和变型。因此,本文旨在于所附权利要求中涵盖属于本发明范围内的全部此类改变和变型。
Claims (15)
1.一种个人护理组合物,所述个人护理组合物包含:
a)结构化清洁相,所述结构化清洁相包含:
i)按所述个人护理组合物的重量计5%至20%的阴离子表面活性剂;
ii)两性表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、或它们的组合;和
b)第一疏水有益相,所述第一疏水有益相具有50μm至500μm的平均粒度,并且包含按所述个人护理组合物的重量计0.1%至20%的高粘度有益剂;和
c)第二有益相,所述第二有益相具有0.5μm至10μm的平均粒度,并且包含按所述个人护理组合物的重量计0.1%至20%的低粘度有益剂;
其中所述两种有益相占据所述个人护理组合物的独立物理域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述阴离子表面活性剂包含十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-2-硫酸钠。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述清洁相还包含结构化体系,所述结构化体系包含按所述个人护理组合物的重量计0.001%至5%,优选0.001%至1%的缔合聚合物,和按所述个人护理组合物的重量计0.01%至5%,优选0.1%至0.5%的非缔合聚合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述缔合聚合物包括聚丙烯酸酯、疏水改性的多糖、疏水改性的氨基甲酸酯、或它们的混合物。
5.根据权利要求3-4所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述缔合聚合物包括丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物,优选丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸C10-C30烷基酯交联聚合物。
6.根据权利要求3-5所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述结构化体系还包含电解质。
7.根据权利要求6所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述电解质选自氯化钠、氯化铵、硫酸钠、硫酸铵、以及它们的混合物。
8.根据权利要求3-7所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述非缔合聚合物选自多糖、合成烃聚合物、以及它们的组合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述多糖包括黄原胶。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述高粘度有益剂选自凡士林、微晶蜡/矿物油共混物、石蜡/矿物油共混物、蜡/油共混物、油酸甘油酯、以及它们的组合。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述低粘度有益剂选自大豆油、向日葵籽油、植物油、或它们的组合。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述低粘度有益剂包括大豆油。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述清洁相还包含阳离子沉积聚合物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述阳离子沉积聚合物包括具有0.2meq/g至2meq/g;优选0.96meq/g的电荷密度的阳离子瓜尔胶。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述第一疏水有益相和所述第二有益相不含表面活性剂。
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US11207248B2 (en) | 2021-12-28 |
CN107106429B (zh) | 2021-06-29 |
WO2016077325A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
EP3217948A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
EP3217948B1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
MX2017006148A (es) | 2017-07-27 |
US20160128913A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
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