CN106458004B - 针对用于混合模块的分离离合器中的中间轴且具有分离的轴向和径向支承件的支承装置 - Google Patents

针对用于混合模块的分离离合器中的中间轴且具有分离的轴向和径向支承件的支承装置 Download PDF

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CN106458004B
CN106458004B CN201580025692.8A CN201580025692A CN106458004B CN 106458004 B CN106458004 B CN 106458004B CN 201580025692 A CN201580025692 A CN 201580025692A CN 106458004 B CN106458004 B CN 106458004B
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jackshaft
clutch
separation clutch
bearing
rolling bearing
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CN106458004A (zh
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威利·鲁德
德尼斯·奥帕林
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/12—Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16D13/46—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs in which two axially-movable members, of which one is attached to the driving side and the other to the driven side, are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F16D13/48—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs in which two axially-movable members, of which one is attached to the driving side and the other to the driven side, are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
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    • F16D2023/123—Clutch actuation by cams, ramps or ball-screw mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的混合模块(2)的分离离合器(1)以及一种具有这样的分离离合器(1)的混合模块(2)，该分离离合器包括：能由曲轴(3)驱动的中间轴(4)；与中间轴(4)抗相对转动地连接的离合器盘(5)；能与变速器输入轴(6)连接的反压板(7)，该反压板(7)在分离离合器(1)的至少一个接合位中与离合器盘(5)抗相对转动地连接；至少径向支承中间轴(4)的第一滚动轴承(8)；以及承载元件(9)，其被提供用于径向支撑电动机(11)的转子(10)，其中，第一滚动轴承(8)径向嵌套地布置在承载元件(9)的支撑区段(12)与中间轴(4)的外周侧(13)之间。

Description

针对用于混合模块的分离离合器中的中间轴且具有分离的轴 向和径向支承件的支承装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车，例如轿车、货车、公交车或者农用车的混合模块的分离离合器，其具有能由机动车的内燃机的曲轴驱动的中间轴；与中间轴抗相对转动地(drehfest)连接的离合器盘；能与机动车的变速器(例如CVT无级变速器)的变速器输入轴连接的反压板，该反压板至少在分离离合器的接合位中与离合器盘抗相对转动地连接；至少径向支承中间轴的第一滚动轴承；以及承载元件，其被提供用于径向支撑电动机的转子(并且优选附加地用于容纳离合器操纵装置)。本发明还涉及一种具有这样的分离离合器的混合模块。
背景技术
装设在混合模块中的分离离合器是现有技术已公知的。混合模块优选具有整合有转子的分离离合器并且尤其是为具有最大300Nm的发动机转矩的车辆而设计。在这些应用中，不需要分离离合器中的飞轮。
根据现有技术的示例性的实施例例如在DE 10 2012 221 618 A1中进行了公开。这里，混合模块具有用于优选可松开地紧固混合模块的紧固机构，该混合模块具有转矩传递装置，例如转矩变换器或者离合器，尤其是双离合器，其中，混合模块包括能与内燃机连接且能围绕转动轴线转动的驱动轴和电动机，该电动机具有定子和转子以及能与转子连接的从动构件。转矩传递装置具有用于与混合模块连接的传递构件，其中，紧固机构导致从动构件相对传递构件的轴向锁定，并且可以建立紧固机构与传递构件之间的连接。
此外，申请人还已知内部的现有技术，其已作为德国专利申请向德国专利商标局递交(申请日2013年7月15日)，但还未公布。这个具有文献号DE 10 2013 213 824的德国专利申请公开了一种用于混合模块的分离离合器中的中间轴的支承装置。分离离合器具有中间轴，以便将转矩从以内燃机方式驱动的曲轴带到变速器输入端，其中，中央法兰相对转子固定地存在，并且离合器盘与转矩传递元件，例如齿板材连接，并且其中，存在至少一个变速器侧的先导轴承，以便至少径向支承中间轴。变速器侧的先导轴承此外还装配在转矩传递元件与中央法兰之间。
此外，从现有技术的实施方案中还公知的是，经由两个轴承支承中间轴。一个轴承在大多情况下是单值的向心轴承并且例如布置在曲轴中或者减振器中。双值轴承在变速器侧布置在整合有转子的分离离合器中。在此，该第二双值轴承到目前为止总是布置在齿板材的右边(在运行状态中背离曲轴的侧)。这使分离离合器的构件的简单安装成为可能，其中，要使用附加的衬套。于是，中间轴连同该衬套的第二轴承和齿板材一起被预安装并且被移入分离离合器的离合器单元中。在此之后通过紧固柔性板使整个结构组件轴向固定。
然而，这些布置的缺点是，它们占用较大的轴向结构空间。可轴向结构空间尤其是基于客户要求在具有小于300Nm的转矩的发动机的情况下被设计得非常有限。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是消除由现有技术所公知的缺点并且进一步减小分离离合器以及具有分离离合器的混合模块的轴向结构空间。
这根据本发明通过如下方式来解决，即，第一滚动轴承径向嵌套地布置在承载元件的支撑区段与中间轴的外周侧之间。此外，第一滚动轴承优选径向地布置在承载元件之内，尤其是径向地布置在混合模块之内。
由此，尤其是可以在轴向方向上明显紧凑地装设分离离合器。第一滚动轴承可以移位至中间轴的轴向区域中，该轴向区域对于轴向结构空间来说不那么重要并且本来就由于中间轴的特定的长度而存在。
本发明还具有其他有利的实施方式并且在下面进行详细阐述。
根据另一实施方式，有利的是，第一滚动轴承设计为向心轴承。通过设计为向心轴承，其中，优选设计为滚针轴承/滚针套筒，还可以进一步优化径向结构空间。因此，进一步缩小结构空间。作为对设计为滚针轴承的替代，还能够将向心轴承设计为滚子轴承。在此，还有利的是，中间轴借助能沿径向方向向内或者向外预紧的锁定环轴向锁定。由此，可以将到目前为止的由现有技术所公知的(第一)滚动轴承在其功能上划分成两个单独的构件，即向心轴承和锁定环，而向心轴承承担中间轴的径向支承并且设计得特别节省空间，锁定环同样本身设计得非常节省空间并且使中间轴在轴向方向上锁定。由此，进一步减小了结构空间。
还有利的是，除了第一滚动轴承之外还存在第二滚动轴承，第二滚动轴承设计为单值的，优选设计为向心轴承。还优选的是，该第二滚动轴承安置在中间轴的内燃机附近的/在运行状态中面对内燃机的端部区段上。该第二滚动轴承进一步优选直接相对内燃机的曲轴支承中间轴。
此外，符合目的的是，中间轴在曲轴侧与能跟曲轴连接的转动振动补偿装置，例如单质量飞轮或者双质量飞轮或者弧形弹簧减振器经由滑动齿部抗相对转动地连接。在此，特别符合目的的是，锁定环移入转动振动补偿装置中的第一槽中以及中间轴中的第二槽中。沿着周边优选连贯地环绕的(第一和第二)槽在安装时在轴向方向上布置在相同高度，从而使得锁定环同时移入两个槽中，并且使得中间轴相对转动振动补偿装置锁定，转动振动补偿装置在运行状态中与曲轴抗相对转动地连接。
此外，还优选的是，锁定环开槽地实施。在此，锁定环优选以如下方式实施，即，使其具有径向向外的预紧部，也就是说大于中间轴的第二槽的槽底。在安装到轮毂/转动振动补偿装置中时，锁定环径向向内压入中间轴的第二槽的槽底中，并且中间轴连同锁定环一起沿轴向方向移入减振器的轮毂中/转动振动补偿装置中。在转动振动补偿装置中的现有的第一槽在此以如下方式放置，即，一旦中间轴上的锁定环到达第一槽的轴向位置，那么锁定环以其径向预紧部压入第一槽中。于是，轴相对转动振动补偿装置轴向固定。然而替代于此地，还能够使锁定环径向向内预紧，即，锁定环具有径向向内的预紧部。于是，锁定环首先被预安装在转动导向补偿装置中，之后才在中间轴的安装时卡入第二槽中。
如果锁定环布置在滑动齿部之内的轴向区域中，那么中间轴上的结构空间进一步优化地得到使用。
此外，还有利的是，第一滚动轴承布置在中间轴的(在运行状态中)面对变速器的轴向半部中，和/或锁定环布置在中间轴的(在运行状态中)背离变速器(即面对曲轴)的第二轴向半部中。由此，获得了中间轴的优化的支撑。
此外，还有利的是，第一滚动轴承相对周围环境借助密封元件密封。在此，第一滚动轴承优选构造成两侧(即在两个轴向侧)密封的被涂油脂的滚动轴承。由此，油脂/轴承油脂不会从滚动轴承中漏出并且保证轴承在使用寿命期间的涂油脂。这还具有的优点是：使得容纳混合模块的电动机的结构空间(电机室)相对布置有转动振动补偿装置的空间(减振器室)密封。该密封是特别需要的，以便可以使能渗入减振器室内的水、例如含盐的水远离电机室。电机/电动机及其引导电流的部件必须通过如下方式加以保护免受水影响，即，要么通过阻止水完全渗入电动机的区域内，要么通过使引导电流的部件相应地绝缘，但这又与提高的成本费用联系在一起。
还有利的是，转动振动补偿装置优选在第一槽的区域中具有倒棱，以使安装或拆卸简便。
本发明还涉及一种混合模块，其具有整合在电动机的转子中的根据先前提到的实施方式的分离离合器。还优选的是，混合模块被提供用于安装到CVT无级变速器中。混合模块此外还优选安装在作为汽油机设计的内燃机中。内燃机/汽油机此外还优选具有四个缸并且产生最大300Nm(即小于300Nm)的转矩。
换而言之，中间轴在ZMS(双质量飞轮)输出侧和离合器输入侧之间经由曲轴中的在多数情况下是单值的先导轴承(第二滚动轴承)以及在多数情况下是双值的变速器侧的轴承(第一滚动轴承)来支承。第一滚动轴承现在径向布置在承载件/承载元件之内。双值的变速器侧的轴承(第一滚动轴承)由两个构件代替，以便节省轴向的结构空间。一方面，滚针套筒(第一滚动轴承)设置在混合模块的轴/中间轴与承载件/承载元件之间，即径向设置在混合模块之内。该轴承用于径向支承。为了轴向支承，在变速器侧设置有锁定环。在轴移动到减振器中之后，通过分别在轴内和在减振器(转动振动补偿装置)的轮毂(轮毂区段)内的槽，锁定环可以将轴锁定，以防相对减振器轴向移动。
在混合模块的离合器闭合时，磨擦盘自身也用于引导轴。混合模块的使用优选与CVT变速器联系起来。因此，能够提供如下分离离合器，其中，到目前为止的第一滚动轴承可以通过导致中间轴的径向支承的滚针套筒/滚针轴承以及锁定环来代替。锁定环用于中间轴的轴向支承并且优选固定在减振器/转动振动补偿装置的轮毂中。对中间轴的支承在分离离合器打开时是必需的，以便将中间轴保持在其轴向和径向位置中。在离合器闭合时，中间轴同样经由在离合器盘和齿板材之间的齿部引导。
附图说明
现在，本发明随后借助附图详细阐述，在此也提出多个实施方式。其中：
图1示出根据本发明的混合模块连同根据本发明的按照第一实施方式的分离离合器的纵截面图，其中，截面沿着分离离合器的转动轴线延伸，并且尤其是可以很好地看到作为向心轴承实施的第一滚动轴承的布置；
图2示出根据本发明的混合模块连同根据本发明的按照另外的第二实施方式的分离离合器的纵截面图，截面像已经在图1中示出的那样沿着转动轴线也在其中延伸的平面穿过，其中，第二实施方式除了设计为滚针轴承的第一滚动轴承之外，还具有在中间轴和转动振动补偿装置之间的锁定环；以及
图3示出图1中标有III的区域的细节图，该区域可以详细识别出在转动振动补偿装置和中间轴之间的锁定环。
附图仅是示意性的并且仅用于理解本发明。相同的元件设有相同的附图标记。不同实施方式的细节可以相互组合或者彼此交换。
具体实施方式
在两个实施方式中，如图1至图3所示，总是示出了根据本发明的用于机动车，例如轿车、货车、公交车或者农用车的混合模块2的分离离合器1。在此，分离离合器1总是具有能由曲轴3驱动的、中央布置的中间轴4。分离离合器1还具有与中间轴4抗相对转动地连接的离合器盘5以及能与变速器输入轴6连接的反压板7。反压板7在分离离合器1的至少一个接合位中与离合器盘5抗相对转动地连接。分离离合器1还具有第一滚动轴承8，第一滚动轴承8设计用于径向支承中间轴4。此外，被提供用于径向支撑电动机11的转子10的承载元件9还以相对混合模块壳体/分离离合器壳体固定的方式受支承。除了承载元件9至少在径向方向上支承/支撑电动机11的转子10的特性之外，承载元件9还被设计成使其容纳离合器操纵装置23，尤其是离合器操纵装置23的脱开轴承。
第一滚动轴承8在嵌套布置中径向/径向嵌套地布置在承载元件9的支撑区段12与中间轴4的外周侧13之间。
此外，针对分离离合器1以及混合模块2的在图1至图3中所示的两个实施方式还要提及的是，分离离合器和混合模块基本上像DE 10 2012 221 618 A1中所公开的混合模块和所公开的转矩传递装置那样实施，其中，该文件的内容因此应被视为整合在本发明中。
在图1中首先详细示出根据本发明的分离离合器1的第一实施方式。如在此可以很好地看到的那样，在内燃机侧，其中，为了清楚起见未示出内燃机，中间轴4借助转动振动补偿装置14，这里是单质量飞轮与内燃机的曲轴3抗相对转动地连接，内燃机优选实施为汽油机或者柴油机。转动振动补偿装置14在端侧与曲轴3连接并且抗相对转动地紧固在该曲轴上。中间轴4借助滑动齿部15与转动振动补偿装置14连接，其中，转动振动补偿装置14的轮毂区段30的径向内侧具有滑动齿部15的齿部区段，该齿部区段与滑动齿部15的与其互补设计的齿部区段在中间轴4的外周侧13上形状锁合地(formschlüssig)啮合。由此，实现了在混合模块2/分离离合器1的运行状态中，中间轴4和转动振动补偿装置14的抗相对转动的连接。滑动齿部15也可以实施为花键齿部。
除了第一滚动轴承8之外，中间轴4还附加地在径向方向上借助第二滚动轴承16来支承。第二滚动轴承16在该实施方式中设计为球轴承并且优选地是单值轴承，即优选仅在径向方向上传递力的轴承。因此，第二滚动轴承16同样是向心轴承。第二滚动轴承16被布置成使其以其内圈安置在中间轴4的外周面/外周侧13上，并且以轴承外圈与曲轴和/或转动振动补偿装置抗相对转动地连接。
中间轴4在混合模块2中以及在分离离合器1中在中央延伸一定的长度。在此，中间轴4可以针对其长度划分成两个半部，其中，第一(轴向)半部17是背离曲轴3的半部，而与第一半部17联接的第二(轴向)半部18是面对曲轴3的半部。在第二半部18上布置有第二滚动轴承16。在第一半部17上再次布置有第一滚动轴承8。
在此，第一滚动轴承8设计为滚子轴承/滚针轴承(滚针轴承也被称为滚针套筒)。第一滚动轴承8径向布置在承载元件9之内以及径向布置在混合模块2之内。在此，第一滚动轴承8的滚动体19以其滚动面直接贴靠在中间轴4的外周侧13上。第一滚动轴承8的轴承衬套20抗相对转动地紧固在支撑区段12中，支撑区段设计成大致套筒状并且同样在轴向方向上延伸。轴承衬套20抗相对转动地紧固在支撑区段12中。为了径向支承，在滚针轴承的情况下构造成滚针/滚子的滚动体19沿着外周侧的周边以及沿着轴承衬套20的内侧的周边滚动。
在中间轴4的轴向端部区域中，离合器盘5再次借助铆钉21抗相对转动地与中间轴4连接，该端部区域背离曲轴3。在此，离合器盘5属于分离离合器1的第一离合器部分。同样属于该第一离合器部分的是与转子10抗相对转动地连接的反压板7以及能轴向移动的按压板22。在此，按压板22可以借助离合器操纵装置23来移动，其中，离合器操纵装置23为此确定可以使按压板22在接合位与脱离位之间来回移动，在接合位中，离合器盘5与反压板7抗相对转动地连接，在脱离位中，离合器盘不将转矩传递到反压板7上。
此外，转子10相对承载元件9的支撑区段12借助中央法兰24俩支撑并定位。除了转子10之外，电动机11还具有定子25，定子在电动机11的运行状态中驱动转子10。定子25以相对混合模块壳体/分离离合器壳体固定的方式安装。
此外，在图2中还示出根据本发明的分离离合器1的第二实施方式，该第二实施方式基本上像根据图1的第一实施方式那样实施。因此，混合模块2和分离离合器1的实施方案和设计方案也适用于第二实施例。下面仅对该两个实施例之间的区别进行探讨。
如在图2中在此处构造成空心轴的中间轴4的第一半部17上可以很好地看到的那样，第一滚动轴承8再次构造成滚子轴承/滚针轴承，但第一滚动轴承在该实施方式中相对周围环境，即在轴向方向上借助两个密封元件/密封环26密封。因此，第一滚动轴承8的内部空间相对周围环境密封。由于第一滚动轴承8是被涂油脂的滚动轴承，所以保护了滚动轴承8之内的油脂免受外部影响。由此，尤其是进一步改善了第一滚动轴承8的耐久性。
如还可以看到的那样，在第二半部18上，除了第一滚动轴承8之外还存在用于中间轴4的轴向锁定/方位锁定的锁定环27。锁定环27在运行状态中不仅卡入/移入转动振动补偿装置14中的第一槽28中，而且卡入/移入中间轴4中的第二槽29中。因此，中间轴4在这里相对转动振动补偿装置14轴向锁定，转动振动补偿装置14在运行状态中再次牢固地布置在曲轴3上，即在轴向方向上牢固地以及在径向方向上牢固地布置在该曲轴3上。转动振动补偿装置14在该实施方式中构造成双质量飞轮。
第一槽28以及第二槽29位于滑动齿部15的轴向区域中。第一槽28在转动振动补偿装置14中引入滑动齿部15的区域中，并且第二槽29在中间轴中引入滑动齿部15的区域中。两个槽28和29分别沿着周边连贯地延伸。径向向内或向外预紧的锁定环27在运行状态中不仅移入中间轴4的第二槽29中，而且移入转动振动补偿装置14的第一槽28中。在安装时，两个槽28和29在轴向方向上布置在相同高度，从而使得锁定环27同时移入两个槽中，并且使得中间轴4相对转动振动补偿装置14锁定，转动振动补偿装置在运行状态中与曲轴3抗相对转动地连接。
还如图2所示的那样，第二滚动轴承16不是如图1中那样构造成球轴承，而是同样构造成滚针轴承(替代地也可以构造成滚子轴承)。
还如根据图3的细节图可以看到的那样，转动振动补偿装置14在轮毂区段30的其中引入有滑动齿部15以及第一槽28的区域中具有两个倒棱31，这两个倒棱大致以45°延伸地布置，其中，第一倒棱31联接到第一槽28(即使槽28的棱边倾斜)，而第二倒棱31安置在轮毂区段30在径向内侧上的在运行状态中背离曲轴3的端部上。由此，进一步简化了安装。
因此换而言之，设置有分离离合器1连同用于径向支撑轴/中间轴4的轴承(第一滚动轴承8)，该轴承被布置成使其不需要附加的轴向结构空间。这在该结构中以如下方式来保证，即，轴承8径向布置在该承载件/承载元件9之内。轴承8被布置/设计成两侧密封的、被涂油脂的滚针轴承/密封的被涂油脂的滚针套筒。轴4的轴向固定由锁定环27来保证。锁定环27被开槽并且在所示的实施方式(第二实施方式)中分别在轴4中在滑动齿部15的区域中预安装在槽中。锁定环27具有径向向外的预紧部，也就是说大于轴槽(第二槽29)的槽底。在安装到减振器/转动振动补偿装置14的轮毂/轮毂区段30中时，环/锁定环27径向向内压入轴4的槽底中，并且于是轴4与锁定环27可以一起移入减振器14的轮毂30中。在减振器14的轮毂30中再次同样布置有槽(第一槽28)。只要轴4上的锁定环27到达减振器14的轮毂30中的槽28的轴向位置，那么锁定环以其径向预紧部压入减振器14的轮毂30的槽28中。于是，轴4相对减振器14的轮毂区段30轴向固定。为此替选地还可行的是，锁定环27预安装在减振器14的轮毂30中并且具有径向向内的预紧部。原则上也可以实现***的拆卸。
此外，通过轮毂30或槽28的倒棱31在一定范围内调节出用于将轴4安装到轮毂30中或将轴4拆卸的力。为了将轴4安装到轮毂30中，可以通过第一倒棱/棱角的角度和大小来调节安装力。为了将轴4从减振器4的轮毂30中拆卸，可以通过另一棱角31的角度和大小来调节拆卸力。
附图标记列表
1 分离离合器
2 混合模块
3 曲轴
4 中间轴
5 离合器盘
6 变速器输入轴
7 反压板
8 第一滚动轴承
9 承载元件
10 转子
11 电动机
12 支撑区段
13 外周侧
14 转动振动补偿装置
15 滑动齿部
16 第二滚动轴承
17 第一半部
18 第二半部
19 滚动体
20 轴承衬套
21 铆钉
22 按压板
23 离合器操纵装置
24 中央法兰
25 定子
26 密封元件/密封环
27 锁定环
28 第一槽
29 第二槽
30 轮毂区段
31 倒棱

Claims (10)

1.用于机动车的混合模块(2)的分离离合器(1)，所述分离离合器包括：能由曲轴(3)驱动的中间轴(4)；与所述中间轴(4)抗相对转动地连接的离合器盘(5)；能与变速器输入轴(6)连接的反压板(7)，所述反压板(7)在所述分离离合器(1)的至少一个接合位中与所述离合器盘(5)抗相对转动地连接；至少径向支承所述中间轴(4)的第一滚动轴承(8)；以及承载元件(9)，所述承载元件被提供用于径向支撑电动机(11)的转子(10)，其特征在于，所述第一滚动轴承(8)径向嵌套地布置在所述承载元件(9)的支撑区段(12)与所述中间轴(4)的外周侧(13)之间，并且所述第一滚动轴承(8)的滚动体(19)以其滚动面直接贴靠在所述中间轴(4)的外周侧(13)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分离离合器(1)，其特征在于，所述第一滚动轴承(8)设计为向心轴承。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的分离离合器(1)，其特征在于，所述第一滚动轴承(8)设计为滚子轴承或者滚针轴承。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的分离离合器(1)，其特征在于，所述中间轴(4)借助能沿径向方向向内或者向外预紧的锁定环(27)轴向固定。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的分离离合器(1)，其特征在于，所述中间轴(4)在曲轴侧与能跟所述曲轴(3)连接的转动振动补偿装置(14)经由滑动齿部(15)抗相对转动地连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的分离离合器(1)，其特征在于，所述中间轴(4)借助能沿径向方向向内或者向外预紧的锁定环(27)轴向固定，所述锁定环(27)移入所述转动振动补偿装置(14)中的第一槽(28)中以及所述中间轴(4)中的第二槽(29)中。
7.根据权利要求5所述的分离离合器(1)，其特征在于，所述中间轴(4)借助能沿径向方向向内或者向外预紧的锁定环(27)轴向固定，所述锁定环(27)布置在所述滑动齿部(15)之内的轴向区域中。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的分离离合器(1)，其特征在于，所述第一滚动轴承(8)布置在所述中间轴(4)的面对变速器的轴向半部中。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的分离离合器(1)，其特征在于，所述第一滚动轴承(8)相对周围环境借助密封元件(26)密封。
10.混合模块(2)，所述混合模块具有整合在电动机(11)的转子(10)中的根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的分离离合器(1)。
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