CN105453883A - Maca cultivation method - Google Patents
Maca cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105453883A CN105453883A CN201610019410.XA CN201610019410A CN105453883A CN 105453883 A CN105453883 A CN 105453883A CN 201610019410 A CN201610019410 A CN 201610019410A CN 105453883 A CN105453883 A CN 105453883A
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- agate coffee
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- fertilizer
- amino acid
- maca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a Maca cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, a 200-400-fold dilute solution of fertilizer A is sprayed to leaves 45-60 days after Maca seedling transplanting, the spraying amount is 1.0-2.0 kg/mu, the fertilizer A is sprayed every 15-20 days, and the total spraying number of times is 3-4; secondly, a 400-600-fold dilute solution of fertilizer B is sprayed to leaves 45-60 days before Maca harvesting, the spraying amount is 0.8-1.5 kg/mu, the fertilizer B is sprayed every 10-15 days, and the total spraying number of times is 1-2. The Maca cultivation method is simple, safe and efficient, the special requirements of Maca for nitrogen phosphorus and potassium, amino acid, microelements, active factors and the like in the growth process can be sufficiently met, the Maca root yield can be increased, the content of the effective active constituent glucosinolate of Maca can be significantly improved, and therefore the Maca quality is obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agate coffee planting technology field, in particular, relate to a kind of agate coffee breeding method improving glucosinolate content in agate coffee.
Background technology
Agate coffee (LepdiummeyeniiWalp, Maca) be the annual or 2 years raw herbaceous plant of Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) separate row Vegetable spp (Lepidium), originate in the mountain area, Andean of Peru's height above sea level more than 3500 meters, one of Important Economic crop of mountain area, Andean people for thousands of years always, because it has abundant nutritive value and health-care efficacy, as strengthened energy, improve fertility, improvement function, improving water flood, develop immunitypty and antitumor etc., be described as " Peru's national treasure " and " South America ginseng ", the refreshing rich gift vouchsafed in Andes is considered as by people.
As a kind of medicine food dual purpose plant, containing the nutrient component of multiple balanced and reasonable and the secondary metabolite of physiologically active in agate coffee.Agate coffee has rich in protein, unique amino acid composition, multiple unsaturated fatty acid, mineral matter element and vitamin etc., these are factors that agate coffee becomes high-quality food, and containing secondary metabolites such as aromatic series glucosinolate, macamide, agate coffee alkene and imidazole alkaloids in agate coffee, wherein aromatic series glucosinolate and macamide are unique or even exclusive compositions, there is plurality of health care functions and therapeutic action, as the major criterion evaluating agate coffee quality.
Much research to show in agate coffee its catabolite of glucosinolate may with antibacterial, alleviate benign prostatic hyperplasis, antitumor, antifatigue and raising fertility etc. act on relevant, and agate coffee contains abundant benzyl mustard oil glycosides, account for total glucosinolate more than 75%, benzyl mustard oil glycosides is simultaneously closely related with the synthesis of important secondary metabolite macamide in agate coffee again, therefore, the lifting of glucosinolate content to agate coffee quality in agate coffee is improved significant.
Along with pueraria root powder is as the approval of new resource food, China's agate coffee industry presents explosion type development, planting area and area are also expanding rapidly, owing to belonging to alien species, there is particularity in planting conditions, agate coffee Middle nutrition composition is not only relevant with the environment that agate coffee grows with active ingredient, and the nutritive element needed in growing with agate coffee is relevant with active factors, such as rational nutrient formula, signaling molecule etc., if the material requisite in agate coffee process of growth cannot be met, its output and active constituent content sharply decline, and cannot ensure agate coffee quality.At present, in agate coffee planting process, main applications of farmyard manure or single chemical fertilizer carry out the material demand in regulable control agate coffee growth and development process, usual poor effect, the output of agate coffee root and active ingredient agate coffee glucosinolate content is directly caused to decline, and easily produce that resistance is poor, damage by disease and insect is multiple and the problem such as continuous cropping obstacle, agate coffee integrated quality is caused to reduce, the sustainable development of serious restriction agate coffee industry.Therefore, how overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art is problems that solution is needed in current agate coffee planting technology field badly.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provides a kind of breeding method of agate coffee, solves the problem that quality in agate coffee planting process reduces year by year, is unfavorable for the optimum sustainable development of agate coffee plantation industry.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problem is: the breeding method providing a kind of agate coffee, comprises the steps:
S100,200 ~ 400 times of dilute solutions at agate coffee transplantation of seedlings foliage-spray A after 45 ~ 60 days, the consumption 1.0 ~ 2.0kg of every mu of fertilizer A, every 15 ~ 20 days once, sprays 3 ~ 4 times altogether; Described fertilizer A comprises urea, superphosphate, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, the former powder of amino acid, trace element, single silicic acid, brassinolide, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, α-naphthaleneacidsodium;
S200, agate coffee gather before 400 ~ 600 times of dilute solutions of 45 ~ 60 days foliar applied fertilizer B, the consumption 0.8 ~ 1.5kg of every mu of fertilizer B, every 10 ~ 15 days once, sprays 1 ~ 2 time altogether; Described fertilizer B comprises biochemical fulvic acid potassium, the former powder of amino acid, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate.
In the breeding method of agate coffee provided by the invention, described fertilizer A comprises the component of following mass ratio:
8 ~ 15 parts, urea, superphosphate 5 ~ 10 parts, 35 ~ 48 parts, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 14 ~ 27 parts, the former powder of amino acid, single silicic acid 4 ~ 8 parts, trace element 2 ~ 8 parts, brassinolide 0.0027 ~ 0.025 part, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate 0.2 ~ 0.65 part, α-naphthaleneacidsodium 0.04 ~ 0.15 part.
In the breeding method of agate coffee provided by the invention, described fertilizer B comprises the component of following mass ratio:
30 ~ 45 parts, the former powder of 50 ~ 70 parts, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, amino acid, salicylic acid 0.08 ~ 0.25 part, methyl jasmonate 0.03 ~ 0.12 part.
In the breeding method of agate coffee provided by the invention, described biochemical fulvic acid potassium is natural fermented product, wherein containing fulvic acid 70 ~ 80%, organic potassium 10 ~ 15%, is water-solublely greater than 99%.
In the breeding method of agate coffee provided by the invention, total amino acid content 60 ~ 75% in the former powder of described amino acid, phenylpropyl alcohol amino acid and tyrosine content 10 ~ 16%, biologically active nitrogen is greater than 20%, is water-solublely greater than 99%.
In the breeding method of agate coffee provided by the invention, described trace element comprises the component of following mass ratio: 10 ~ 13 parts, ferrous sulfate, 0.5 ~ 1 part, zinc sulphate, 0.4 ~ 1 part, copper sulphate, manganese sulphate 1 ~ 2 part, borax 2 ~ 4 parts, ammonium molybdate 1.5 ~ 2.
Implement the present invention, there is following beneficial effect: the present invention is in nursery, wholely, transplant, field management, to gather etc. on the basis of conventional breeding method, according to agate coffee growth demand, regularly implement the present invention step by step, fully can meet agate coffee in process of growth to N P and K, amino acid, the specific demands such as trace element and active factors, the growth of regulation and control agate coffee acrial part and under ground portion again, promote synthesis and the accumulation of effective component in Maka, agate coffee Root yield improves more than 30%, glucosinolate content improves more than 65%, reach the object improving agate coffee output and active ingredient glucosinolate content, and macamide content improves more than 28%, protein content improves more than 18%, remarkable lifting agate coffee quality, simultaneously, be applicable to large-scale production application, there are economic benefit and social benefit widely.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.
In conventional agate coffee planting process, main applications of farmyard manure or single chemical fertilizer promote that agate coffee grows, but owing to planting the soil depletion caused continuously, agate coffee output and active constituent content are sharply declined, the sustainable development of serious restriction agate coffee industry.
Main innovate point of the present invention is, according to agate coffee growth demand, regularly fertilizer A, the fertilizer B of substep foliage-spray particular combination, meets the material requisite of agate coffee in the synthesis and cumulative process of process of growth and active ingredient, significantly promotes agate coffee quality.
In the fertilizer formula component that the inventive method different phase sprays, biochemical fulvic acid potassium with natural plants slag body for fermenting raw materials forms, it is the condensation polymer of a kind of multivalence phenolic aromatic compound and nitrogenous compound, the growth of agate coffee is had no side effect, containing various plants nutrient, can as required just market directly customize purchase, be pure natural fermentation product, fulvic acid content is high, also be rich in almost whole amino acid required in growing process, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, multiple enzyme, carbohydrate (oligosaccharide, fructose etc.), protein, the nutritions such as nucleic acid, nutrient is sufficient, supply is reasonable, fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, activation potassium, complexing power is strong, not only for giving necessary agate coffee micro-nutrient composition, and have obvious facilitation for the absorption of other composition and running, single silicic acid both can make fertilizer, provided nutrient, can be used as soil conditioner again, the root environment of improvement soil and the growth of agate coffee, had the effect of fine diseases prevention, insect protected and attenuation in the process of growth of agate coffee, plant growth regulator, can induce and regulate the synthesis of functional protein in agate coffee body, strengthen adaptive capacity to environment and improve resistance, reduce the impact that envirment factor (low temperature, arid etc.) grows it, in addition specifically, plant growth regulator can suppress aerial growth targeted specifically, promotes root development, improves agate coffee output, plant endogenous sex hormone has the physiological effect of wide spectrum, coordinate plant growth and growth, and participate in biotic factor (damage by disease and insect etc.) and envirment factor (low temperature, arid etc.) Stress response as endogenous signal molecule, promote synthesis and the accumulation of glucosinolate, improve the content of the functional components such as agate coffee sulphur glycosides.
Embodiment 1
Conventionally carry out the steps such as the nursery of agate coffee, whole, transplanting, field management, at 300 times of dilute solutions of agate coffee transplantation of seedlings 45 days foliar applied fertilizer A, every mu of fertilizer A consumption 2kg, every 15 days once, sprays 3 times altogether;
Fertilizer A comprises 8 parts, urea, superphosphate 5 parts, 48 parts, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 14 parts, the former powder of amino acid, single silicic acid 4 parts, trace element 2 parts, brassinolide 0.0027 part, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate 0.2 part, α-naphthaleneacidsodium 0.04 part;
400 times of dilute solutions of foliar applied fertilizer B when 60 days before agate coffee is gathered, every mu of fertilizer B consumption 1kg, every 10 days once, spray 2 times altogether, fertilizer B comprises 50 parts, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 45 parts, the former powder of amino acid, salicylic acid 0.08 part, methyl jasmonate 0.12 part.
Use the method for the present embodiment, gather in the crops agate coffee root picking time, its application effect is as shown in table 1.
The method implementation result of table 1 the present embodiment
Embodiment 2
Conventionally carry out the steps such as the nursery of agate coffee, whole, transplanting, field management, at 400 times of dilute solutions of agate coffee transplantation of seedlings about 60 days foliar applied fertilizer A, every mu of fertilizer A consumption 1.5kg, every 15 days once, sprays 3 times altogether;
Fertilizer A comprises 15 parts, urea, superphosphate 10 parts, 35 parts, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 27 parts, the former powder of amino acid, single silicic acid 8 parts, trace element 8 parts, brassinolide 0.025 part, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate 0.65 part, α-naphthaleneacidsodium 0.15 part;
500 times of dilute solutions of about 45 days foliar applied fertilizer B before agate coffee is gathered, every mu of fertilizer B consumption 1.5kg, every 10 days once, spray 2 times altogether, fertilizer B comprises 70 parts, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 30 parts, the former powder of amino acid, salicylic acid 0.25 part, methyl jasmonate 0.03 part.
Use the method for the present embodiment, gather in the crops agate coffee root picking time, its application effect is as shown in table 2.
The method implementation result of table 2 the present embodiment
Embodiment 3
Conventionally carry out the steps such as the nursery of agate coffee, whole, transplanting, field management, at 200 times of dilute solutions of agate coffee transplantation of seedlings 50 days foliar applied fertilizer A, every mu of fertilizer A consumption 1.0kg, every 20 days once, sprays 4 times altogether;
Fertilizer A comprises 11 parts, urea, superphosphate 8 parts, 44 parts, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 25 parts, the former powder of amino acid, single silicic acid 7 parts, trace element 4.4 parts, brassinolide 0.006 part, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate 0.49 part, α-naphthaleneacidsodium 0.104 part;
600 times of dilute solutions of 50 days foliar applied fertilizer B before agate coffee is gathered, every mu of fertilizer B consumption 0.8kg, every 15 days once, spray 1 time altogether, fertilizer B comprises 68 parts, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 32 parts, the former powder of amino acid, salicylic acid 0.20 part, methyl jasmonate 0.08 part.
Use the method for the present embodiment, gather in the crops agate coffee root picking time, its application effect is as shown in table 3.
The method implementation result of table 3 the present embodiment
Breeding method in the various embodiments described above of the present invention, implementation and operation method is simple, safe and effective, fully can meet agate coffee in process of growth to specific demands such as N P and K, amino acid, trace element and active factorses, not only can increase the output of agate coffee root, and significantly improve the content of its effective active composition glucosinolate, thus obviously promote agate coffee quality.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite not making creative work, all belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. a breeding method for agate coffee, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S100,200 ~ 400 times of dilute solutions at agate coffee transplantation of seedlings foliage-spray A after 45 ~ 60 days, the consumption 1.0 ~ 2.0kg of every mu of fertilizer A, every 15 ~ 20 days once, sprays 3 ~ 4 times altogether; Described fertilizer A comprises urea, superphosphate, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, the former powder of amino acid, trace element, single silicic acid, brassinolide, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, α-naphthaleneacidsodium;
S200, agate coffee gather before 400 ~ 600 times of dilute solutions of 45 ~ 60 days foliar applied fertilizer B, the consumption 0.8 ~ 1.5kg of every mu of fertilizer B, every 10 ~ 15 days once, sprays 1 ~ 2 time altogether; Described fertilizer B comprises biochemical fulvic acid potassium, the former powder of amino acid, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate.
2. the breeding method of agate coffee according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fertilizer A comprises the component of following mass ratio:
8 ~ 15 parts, urea, superphosphate 5 ~ 10 parts, 35 ~ 48 parts, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 14 ~ 27 parts, the former powder of amino acid, single silicic acid 4 ~ 8 parts, trace element 2 ~ 8 parts, brassinolide 0.0027 ~ 0.025 part, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate 0.2 ~ 0.65 part, α-naphthaleneacidsodium 0.04 ~ 0.15 part.
3. the breeding method of agate coffee according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fertilizer B comprises the component of following mass ratio:
30 ~ 45 parts, the former powder of 50 ~ 70 parts, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, amino acid, salicylic acid 0.08 ~ 0.25 part, methyl jasmonate 0.03 ~ 0.12 part.
4. the breeding method of agate coffee according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described biochemical fulvic acid potassium is natural fermented product, wherein containing fulvic acid 70 ~ 80%, organic potassium 10 ~ 15%, is water-solublely greater than 99%.
5. the breeding method of agate coffee according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, total amino acid content 60 ~ 75% in the former powder of described amino acid, phenylpropyl alcohol amino acid and tyrosine content 10 ~ 16%, biologically active nitrogen is greater than 20%, is water-solublely greater than 99%.
6. the breeding method of agate coffee according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described trace element comprises the component of following mass ratio: 10 ~ 13 parts, ferrous sulfate, 0.5 ~ 1 part, zinc sulphate, 0.4 ~ 1 part, copper sulphate, manganese sulphate 1 ~ 2 part, borax 2 ~ 4 parts, ammonium molybdate 1.5 ~ 2.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107285929A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-10-24 | 安徽农耕年华农业发展有限公司 | A kind of pleurotus eryngii efficient culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN107522575A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-29 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | A kind of bio-organic fertilizer special of suitable highlands maca and preparation method thereof |
| CN111056873A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-24 | 威海金颐阳药业有限公司 | Leaf fertilizer for two-year-old American ginseng |
| CN111056875A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-24 | 威海金颐阳药业有限公司 | Foliar fertilizer for three-year-old American ginseng |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107285929A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-10-24 | 安徽农耕年华农业发展有限公司 | A kind of pleurotus eryngii efficient culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN107522575A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-29 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | A kind of bio-organic fertilizer special of suitable highlands maca and preparation method thereof |
| CN111056873A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-24 | 威海金颐阳药业有限公司 | Leaf fertilizer for two-year-old American ginseng |
| CN111056875A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-24 | 威海金颐阳药业有限公司 | Foliar fertilizer for three-year-old American ginseng |
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| CN105453883B (en) | 2019-03-01 |
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