CN103650886A - Lepidium meyenii planting method - Google Patents
Lepidium meyenii planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103650886A CN103650886A CN201310703896.5A CN201310703896A CN103650886A CN 103650886 A CN103650886 A CN 103650886A CN 201310703896 A CN201310703896 A CN 201310703896A CN 103650886 A CN103650886 A CN 103650886A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lepidium meyenii planting method. The method includes the steps of a, selection and preparation of land, b, transplanting and fixed planting, c, management, d, harvesting and the like, wherein the management method in the step c comprises (1) reducing seedlings and filling the gaps with seedlings, (2) intertilling and weeding, (3) conducting fertilizer application and (4) irrigating and draining. According to the lepidium meyenii planting method, a cultivated field is plowed and insolated first, then field planting is carried out in longitudinal parallel and staggered modes, the modes of reducing seedlings and filling the gaps with seedlings, manually weeding, conducting fertilizer application and the like are matched to be conducted, the yield and quality of lepidium meyenii are guaranteed, and the lepidium meyenii planting method is simple and easy to popularize, high in yield due to the fact that the average yield per mu can reach up to 400kg, and capable of achieving proportional value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, be specifically related to a kind of implantation methods of agate coffee.
Background technology
Agate coffee, crucifer, plant is called Lepidium meyenii, is similar to the rhizome of radish sample hypertrophy, originates in base peaceful (Jinin) and near the 4000 meters of above Andes of Pasco (Pasco) at the middle part, Andean of 3500~4500 meters of Peru's height above sea level.Agate coffee contains 59% carbohydrate, 11% protein, 2.2% fat, phytosterol, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, copper, 18 seed amino acids and unsaturated fatty acid, contains abundant nutrition composition.The distinctive two kinds of unique active substances of agate coffee that wherein agate coffee acid amides and Ma Kaxishi U.S. botanist Zheng of Chinese origin B.L finds, are described as " natural vigour nutrient " by scientist.
The rhizome of agate coffee can be edible, is this arid area aborigines' staple food.Dry rhizome can add clear water or milk boiling to eat, or make fruit juice, cocktail, alcoholic beverage and drink, agate coffee not only can be used as food consumption, and can be used as a kind of conventional medicament and use, especially as medea, can improve sexual desire and the fertility of the mankind and domestic animal.When conquering Inca Theocracy, Spaniard raises their battle steed with agate coffee, to keep animal in the fecundity of high altitude localities.Legend seal adds soldier and makes to eat prewar agate coffee to increase energy and vigor.According to traditional medicine idea, agate coffee also has other medical values, such as: treat and alleviate rheumatism, improve breathing, catharsis, adjusting hormone secretion, enhance metabolism, improve memory, antidepression and effectively prevent and treat anaemia, leukemia, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), cancer, alcoholism etc.Although declare to have the advantages that multiple curative effect is conventional medicament, the current trend from natural drug effective component extracting clearly illustrates that carries out a large amount of scientific researches reason behind to agate coffee composition and potential pharmacological action thereof.These magical effects have caused countries in the world scientists' very big interest in nearly ten years.Nutrition and health care and pharmacology, drug effect and clinical and experimental study about agate coffee are just worldwide in full swing, and will make increasing contribution for the development of the mankind's healthy cause.
Agate coffee all has the plantation of certain area on Yunnan Province of China, Xinjiang and other places at present, but ubiquity yields poorly, inferior problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide that a kind of output is high, the agate coffee implantation methods of quality better.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of agate coffee implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
The whole ground of a, selection of land: select 2800~3300 meters of height above sea level, land readjustment on the sunny side, fertile, good, the well-drained arable land of soil property permeability of loosing soil is as planting site; Before transplanting, planting site is turned over to plough twice, soil is fully exposed to the sun, rake soil is in small, broken bits, turn over for the first time that plough time weeds a garden, stalk, while turning over for the second time plough, every mu execute 2500~3500 kilograms of farmyard manures, farmyard manure is evenly sprinkling upon and transplants land for growing field crops, and the rear rake of turning over is thin, rake, and farmyard manure and soil are fully mixed; Standard according to single ridge duplicate rows, wide railway carriage or compartment multirow is opened railway carriage or compartment ridging;
B, transplant planting: seedling age 50~70 days, during 6~8 of the numbers of blade, according to the mode of parallel longitudinal, dislocation plantation, dig the pool and transplant, one strain of every pool, during transplanting, shoot root is straight can not be crooked, and seedling will expose soil layer, waters sufficient normal root water;
C, management: (1) subtracts seedling, fills the gaps with seedlings: seedling replanting checks in time, the seedling that subtracts to every pool more than 1 seedling, only stays 1 seedling, if find, dead seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling pull out in time, and fill the gaps with seedlings at cloudy day or little rainy day, guarantees the basic seedling amount of every mu;
(2) intertill and clean tillage: seedling replanting, after 15~20 days, carries out manual weeding for the first time, afterwards every weeding in 15~20 days once, weeding in vegetative period 3~4 times, forbidding chemical herbicide, monthly digs furrow weeding, loosens the soil;
(3) topdress: topdress and carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage simultaneously, every 15~20 days, spray once, spray altogether 3~4 times;
(4) irrigation and drainage: after plantation, in case of arid weather will water in time, sooner or later respectively water 1 time, continuous 5~6 days, until seedling is revival from transplanting completely; Get rid of field internal water accumulation rainy season in time, prevents the generation of damage by disease and insect;
D, gather: plant to be planted leaf look turns Huang and fades, and fleshy root fully expands, and base portion is mellow and full can gather, and digs out complete stool while gathering, excision leaf neck portion, removes earth and fibrous root, and water cleans up, and after gathering, fresh goods is avoided long-time air storage.
Further, in described step a, planting site is selected the arable land of not planting crucifer the previous year.
Further, in described step a, planting site soil pH value is 6.5~7.5.
Further, in described step a, ridging standard is the wide 60~80cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30~35cm, railway carriage or compartment face height 25~35cm.
Further, in described step b, the transplant planting time is that early June is to mid-July.
Further, in described step b according to the wide selection duplicate rows in railway carriage or compartment, three row or the field planting of four lines dislocation mode, line-spacing 15~20cm, spacing in the rows 15~20cm.
Further, in described step c, subtract seedling, the job requirement of filling the gaps with seedlings completes in 7~15 days after transplanting.
Further, in described step c, fertilizing type is selected 200~300 times of liquid fertilizers.
Further, in described step c, fertilizing type also can impose fertilizer according to 20~30 kgs/acre in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the second time.
Further, in described steps d, agate coffee picking time is late January early December to next year.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the principal element that affects agate coffee output is soil, fertilizer, management, four aspects of moisture, and management quality is to improve the most critical factor of agate coffee output, selection soil, the region opposed flattened that the present invention is suitable at height above sea level weather conditions, ecotope is good, draining good soil is loose fertile, soil property permeability is good, and the arable land that front stubble was not planted crucifer (as turnip, radish, rape, agate coffee etc.) is as planting site.Before plantation, turn over plough twice, soil is fully exposed to the sun, rake soil is in small, broken bits, weeds a garden, stalk while turning over for the first time plough, while having ready conditions, stalk, weeds is burnt till to fire soil.While plowing for the second time, execute farmyard manure for every mu, turn over and be buried in the earth, and controlling depth, agate coffee absorbs nutrient region generally at 20~30cm soil layer, in conjunction with the ridge culture railway carriage or compartment of having applied fertilizer, every railway carriage or compartment line number is according to wide duplicate rows, three row or the four lines of being decided to be in railway carriage or compartment, plant dislocation plantation between row and row, Basic Seedling guarantees that every mu in 8000~12000 strains, had both guaranteed plant strain growth requisite space, utilized to greatest extent again soil, for agate coffee high yield lays the first stone.
Through experimental study, show, two first quarter moons after the plantation of agate coffee are that the aerial growth of agate coffee is fastest, the period that dry-matter accumulation is maximum, be simultaneously also the period of rainwater condition enrichment, if manage not in placely, the aerial growth of agate coffee is not enough, dry-matter accumulation is not enough, directly affect the nutrition of agate coffee acrial part to the transfer capability of rhizome, therefore, this time period management quality be the key of agate coffee high yield.The present invention fills the gaps with seedlings in time, subtracts seedling after the field planting of agate coffee, pulls out in time dead seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling, guarantees the basic seedling amount of every mu.The agate coffee summit of growth phase is also the most vigorous period of weed growth.Weeds not only fight for the nutrient of agate coffee, and are the hotbeds of damage by disease and insect, and the present invention roots out weeds in ditch the phase of managing in time, pulls out railway carriage or compartment face weeds, avoids injuring agate coffee seedling simultaneously; The present invention coordinates intertill and clean tillage to topdress according to a small amount of principle repeatedly, to promote seedling robust plant, reduces the harm of disease worm.
Through studying for a long period of time, the present invention has determined that the optimal harvest time of agate coffee is late January early December to next year, gathers and after late, all can affect too early agate coffee yield and quality.Gather too early, the dry matter of agate coffee and active ingredient accumulation are not enough, gather evening, and the nutrient component of agate coffee starts to transform, and easily occurs hollow, lignification.
In the inventive method, planting site first tans by the sun, then adopts the mode field planting of parallel longitudinal, dislocation plantation through turning over plough, cooperation subtracts seedling, fills the gaps with seedlings, manually weeding, the mode such as topdress, output and the quality of agate coffee have been guaranteed, agate coffee implantation methods of the present invention is simple and easy to promote, output is high, and average yield per mu can reach more than 400 kilograms, has promotional value.
Embodiment
For making those skilled in the art understand in detail method of the present invention and technique effect, with specific embodiment, further introduce application of the present invention and technique effect below.
Embodiment 1
An agate coffee implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
A, the whole ground of selection of land: selection 2800 meters of left and right of height above sea level, land readjustment are on the sunny side, loosing soil is fertile, soil property permeability is good, draining is good, does not plant the arable land of crucifer the previous year as planting site, and planting site soil pH value is 6.5 left and right; Before transplanting, planting site is turned over to plough twice, soil is fully exposed to the sun, rake soil is in small, broken bits, turn over for the first time that plough time weeds a garden, stalk, while turning over for the second time plough, every mu execute 2500 kilograms of farmyard manures, farmyard manure is evenly sprinkling upon and transplants land for growing field crops, the rear rake of turning over is thin, rake, and farmyard manure and soil are fully mixed; Standard according to single ridge duplicate rows, wide railway carriage or compartment multirow is opened railway carriage or compartment ridging, the wide 60cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30cm, railway carriage or compartment face height 25cm;
B, transplant planting: in early June, to mid-July, seedling age 50 days, digs the pool according to the mode of parallel longitudinal, duplicate rows dislocation plantation during 6 of the numbers of blade and transplant, one strain of every pool, during transplanting, shoot root is straight can not be crooked, and seedling will expose soil layer, waters sufficient normal root water;
C, management: (1) subtracts seedling, fills the gaps with seedlings: after seedling replanting, in 7~15 days, check in time, the seedling that subtracts to every pool more than 1 seedling, only stays 1 seedling, if find, dead seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling pull out in time, and fill the gaps with seedlings at cloudy day or little rainy day, guarantee the basic seedling amount of every mu;
(2) intertill and clean tillage: seedling replanting, after 15~20 days, carries out manual weeding for the first time, afterwards every weeding in 15 days once, weeding in vegetative period 3 times, forbidding chemical herbicide, monthly digs furrow weeding, loosens the soil;
(3) topdress: topdress and carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage simultaneously, every 15 days, spray once, spray altogether 3 times, select 200 times of liquid fertilizers;
(4) irrigation and drainage: after plantation, in case of arid weather will water in time, sooner or later respectively water 1 time, continuous 5~6 days, until seedling is revival from transplanting completely; Get rid of field internal water accumulation rainy season in time, prevents the generation of damage by disease and insect;
D, gather: late January early December to next year, plant to be planted leaf look turns Huang and fades, and fleshy root fully expands, base portion is mellow and full can gather, and digs out complete stool while gathering, excision leaf neck portion, remove earth and fibrous root, water cleans up, and after gathering, fresh goods is avoided long-time air storage.
Embodiment 2
An agate coffee implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
A, the whole ground of selection of land: selection 3000 meters of left and right of height above sea level, land readjustment are on the sunny side, loosing soil is fertile, soil property permeability is good, draining is good, does not plant the arable land of crucifer the previous year as planting site, and planting site soil pH value is 7.0 left and right; Before transplanting, planting site is turned over to plough twice, soil is fully exposed to the sun, rake soil is in small, broken bits, turn over for the first time that plough time weeds a garden, stalk, while turning over for the second time plough, every mu execute 3000 kilograms of farmyard manures, farmyard manure is evenly sprinkling upon and transplants land for growing field crops, the rear rake of turning over is thin, rake, and farmyard manure and soil are fully mixed; Standard according to single ridge duplicate rows, wide railway carriage or compartment multirow is opened railway carriage or compartment ridging, the wide 70cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 35cm, railway carriage or compartment face height 30cm;
B, transplant planting: in early June, to mid-July, seedling age 60 days, digs the pool according to the mode of parallel longitudinal, three line misregistrations plantations during 7 of the numbers of blade and transplant, one strain of every pool, during transplanting, shoot root is straight can not be crooked, and seedling will expose soil layer, waters sufficient normal root water;
C, management: (1) subtracts seedling, fills the gaps with seedlings: after seedling replanting, in 7~15 days, check in time, the seedling that subtracts to every pool more than 1 seedling, only stays 1 seedling, if find, dead seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling pull out in time, and fill the gaps with seedlings at cloudy day or little rainy day, guarantee the basic seedling amount of every mu;
(2) intertill and clean tillage: seedling replanting, after 15~20 days, carries out manual weeding for the first time, afterwards every weeding in 17 days once, weeding in vegetative period 4 times, forbidding chemical herbicide, monthly digs furrow weeding, loosens the soil;
(3) topdress: topdress and carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage simultaneously, every 17 days, spray once, spray altogether 4 times, select 300 times of liquid fertilizers;
(4) irrigation and drainage: after plantation, in case of arid weather will water in time, sooner or later respectively water 1 time, continuous 5~6 days, until seedling is revival from transplanting completely; Get rid of field internal water accumulation rainy season in time, prevents the generation of damage by disease and insect;
D, gather: late January early December to next year, plant to be planted leaf look turns Huang and fades, and fleshy root fully expands, base portion is mellow and full can gather, and digs out complete stool while gathering, excision leaf neck portion, remove earth and fibrous root, water cleans up, and after gathering, fresh goods is avoided long-time air storage.
Embodiment 3
An agate coffee implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
A, the whole ground of selection of land: selection 3300 meters of left and right of height above sea level, land readjustment are on the sunny side, loosing soil is fertile, soil property permeability is good, draining is good, does not plant the arable land of crucifer the previous year as planting site, and planting site soil pH value is 7.5 left and right; Before transplanting, planting site is turned over to plough twice, soil is fully exposed to the sun, rake soil is in small, broken bits, turn over for the first time that plough time weeds a garden, stalk, while turning over for the second time plough, every mu execute 3500 kilograms of farmyard manures, farmyard manure is evenly sprinkling upon and transplants land for growing field crops, the rear rake of turning over is thin, rake, and farmyard manure and soil are fully mixed; Standard according to single ridge duplicate rows, wide railway carriage or compartment multirow is opened railway carriage or compartment ridging, the wide 80cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30cm, railway carriage or compartment face height 35cm;
B, transplant planting: in early June, to mid-July, seedling age 70 days, digs the pool according to the mode of parallel longitudinal, four lines dislocation plantation during 8 of the numbers of blade and transplant, one strain of every pool, during transplanting, shoot root is straight can not be crooked, and seedling will expose soil layer, waters sufficient normal root water;
C, management: (1) subtracts seedling, fills the gaps with seedlings: after seedling replanting, in 7~15 days, check in time, the seedling that subtracts to every pool more than 1 seedling, only stays 1 seedling, if find, dead seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling pull out in time, and fill the gaps with seedlings at cloudy day or little rainy day, guarantee the basic seedling amount of every mu;
(2) intertill and clean tillage: seedling replanting, after 15~20 days, carries out manual weeding for the first time, afterwards every weeding in 20 days once, weeding in vegetative period 3 times, forbidding chemical herbicide, monthly digs furrow weeding, loosens the soil;
(3) topdress: topdress and carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage simultaneously, every 15~20 days, spray once, spray altogether 3 times, select 200 times of liquid fertilizers;
(4) irrigation and drainage: after plantation, in case of arid weather will water in time, sooner or later respectively water 1 time, continuous 5~6 days, until seedling is revival from transplanting completely; Get rid of field internal water accumulation rainy season in time, prevents the generation of damage by disease and insect;
D, gather: late January early December to next year, plant to be planted leaf look turns Huang and fades, and fleshy root fully expands, base portion is mellow and full can gather, and digs out complete stool while gathering, excision leaf neck portion, remove earth and fibrous root, water cleans up, and after gathering, fresh goods is avoided long-time air storage.
Embodiment 4
An agate coffee implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
A, the whole ground of selection of land: selection 2800 meters of left and right of height above sea level, land readjustment are on the sunny side, loosing soil is fertile, soil property permeability is good, draining is good, does not plant the arable land of crucifer the previous year as planting site, and planting site soil pH value is 6.5 left and right; Before transplanting, planting site is turned over to plough twice, soil is fully exposed to the sun, rake soil is in small, broken bits, turn over for the first time that plough time weeds a garden, stalk, while turning over for the second time plough, every mu execute 2500 kilograms of farmyard manures, farmyard manure is evenly sprinkling upon and transplants land for growing field crops, the rear rake of turning over is thin, rake, and farmyard manure and soil are fully mixed; Standard according to single ridge duplicate rows, wide railway carriage or compartment multirow is opened railway carriage or compartment ridging, the wide 60cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30cm, railway carriage or compartment face height 25cm;
B, transplant planting: in early June, to mid-July, seedling age 50 days, digs the pool according to the mode of parallel longitudinal, duplicate rows dislocation plantation during 6 of the numbers of blade and transplant, one strain of every pool, during transplanting, shoot root is straight can not be crooked, and seedling will expose soil layer, waters sufficient normal root water;
C, management: (1) subtracts seedling, fills the gaps with seedlings: after seedling replanting, in 7~15 days, check in time, the seedling that subtracts to every pool more than 1 seedling, only stays 1 seedling, if find, dead seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling pull out in time, and fill the gaps with seedlings at cloudy day or little rainy day, guarantee the basic seedling amount of every mu;
(2) intertill and clean tillage: seedling replanting, after 15~20 days, carries out manual weeding for the first time, afterwards every weeding in 15 days once, weeding in vegetative period 3 times, forbidding chemical herbicide, monthly digs furrow weeding, loosens the soil;
(3) topdress: combination for the second time intertill and clean tillage imposes fertilizer according to 20~30 kgs/acre;
(4) irrigation and drainage: after plantation, in case of arid weather will water in time, sooner or later respectively water 1 time, continuous 5~6 days, until seedling is revival from transplanting completely; Get rid of field internal water accumulation rainy season in time, prevents the generation of damage by disease and insect;
D, gather: late January early December to next year, plant to be planted leaf look turns Huang and fades, and fleshy root fully expands, base portion is mellow and full can gather, and digs out complete stool while gathering, excision leaf neck portion, remove earth and fibrous root, water cleans up, and after gathering, fresh goods is avoided long-time air storage.
The technical scheme above embodiment of the present invention being provided is described in detail, applied specific case herein the principle of the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment is only applicable to help to understand the principle of the embodiment of the present invention; , for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the embodiment of the present invention, in embodiment and range of application, all will change, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention meanwhile.
Claims (10)
1. an agate coffee implantation methods, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
The whole ground of a, selection of land: select 2800~3300 meters of height above sea level, land readjustment on the sunny side, fertile, good, the well-drained arable land of soil property permeability of loosing soil is as planting site; Before transplanting, planting site is turned over to plough twice, soil is fully exposed to the sun, rake soil is in small, broken bits, turn over for the first time that plough time weeds a garden, stalk, while turning over for the second time plough, every mu execute 2500~3500 kilograms of farmyard manures, farmyard manure is evenly sprinkling upon and transplants land for growing field crops, and the rear rake of turning over is thin, rake, and farmyard manure and soil are fully mixed; Standard according to single ridge duplicate rows, wide railway carriage or compartment multirow is opened railway carriage or compartment ridging;
B, transplant planting: seedling age 50~70 days, during 6~8 of the numbers of blade, according to the mode of parallel longitudinal, dislocation plantation, dig the pool and transplant, one strain of every pool, during transplanting, shoot root is straight can not be crooked, and seedling will expose soil layer, waters sufficient normal root water;
C, management: (1) subtracts seedling, fills the gaps with seedlings: within after Seeding planting 7~15 days, check in time, the seedling that subtracts to every pool more than 1 seedling, only stays 1 seedling, if find, dead seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling pull out in time, and fill the gaps with seedlings at cloudy day or little rainy day, guarantee the basic seedling amount of every mu;
(2) intertill and clean tillage: seedling replanting, after 15~20 days, carries out manual weeding for the first time, afterwards every weeding in 15~20 days once, weeding in vegetative period 3~4 times, forbidding chemical herbicide, monthly digs furrow weeding, loosens the soil;
(3) topdress: topdress and carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage simultaneously, every 15~20 days, spray once, spray altogether 3~4 times;
(4) irrigation and drainage: after plantation, in case of arid weather will water in time, sooner or later respectively water 1 time, continuous 5~6 days, until seedling is revival from transplanting completely; Get rid of field internal water accumulation rainy season in time, prevents the generation of damage by disease and insect;
D, gather: plant to be planted leaf look turns Huang and fades, and fleshy root fully expands, and base portion is mellow and full can gather, and digs out complete stool while gathering, excision leaf neck portion, removes earth and fibrous root, and water cleans up, and after gathering, fresh goods is avoided long-time air storage.
2. agate coffee implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step a, planting site is selected the arable land of not planting crucifer the previous year.
3. agate coffee implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step a, planting site soil pH value is 6.5~7.5.
4. agate coffee implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step a, ridging standard is the wide 60~80cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30~35cm, railway carriage or compartment face height 25~35cm.
5. agate coffee implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step b, the transplant planting time is that early June is to mid-July.
6. agate coffee implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step b according to the wide selection duplicate rows in railway carriage or compartment, three row or the field planting of four lines dislocation mode, line-spacing 15~20cm, spacing in the rows 15~20cm.
7. agate coffee implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step c, subtract seedling, the job requirement of filling the gaps with seedlings completes in 7~15 days after transplanting.
8. agate coffee implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step c, fertilizing type is selected 200~300 times of liquid fertilizers.
9. agate coffee implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step c, fertilizing type also can impose fertilizer according to 20~30 kgs/acre in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage for the second time.
10. agate coffee implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described steps d, agate coffee picking time is late January early December to next year.
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