CN104904473A - Method for cultivating and growing maca in plain area in temperate zone - Google Patents
Method for cultivating and growing maca in plain area in temperate zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN104904473A CN104904473A CN201510298466.9A CN201510298466A CN104904473A CN 104904473 A CN104904473 A CN 104904473A CN 201510298466 A CN201510298466 A CN 201510298466A CN 104904473 A CN104904473 A CN 104904473A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating and growing maca in a plain area in the temperate zone, and aims to solve the technical problem of incapability of promoting the planting of maca in the plain area in the temperate zone. The method comprises the following steps of (1) performing seed treatment by adopting a cold storage sprouting method; (2) treating a seedling raising substrate by virtue of EM bacteria; (3) sowing seeds; (4) performing seedling management; (5) performing field planting. According to the method, the limitations of the altitude, the area and a growing environment in a mama planting process can be broken, the planting of maca in the plain area in the temperate zone can be promoted, rich cultivated land resources in the plain area can be fully utilized, the maca planting yield can be improved, and economic crops in the plain area can be developed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, be specifically related to the cultivation and grow method of flat area, a kind of temperate zone agate coffee.
Background technology
Agate coffee (Maca) is Cruciferae, separate row Vegetable spp plant, has high nutritive value and the medicinal and edible plants of multiple biologically active time metabolite containing needed by human body.Can be used for traditionally strengthening energy, improve fertility, improvement function, the illnesss such as treatment climacteric metancholia, rheumatism, depression, anaemia, also have effect that is anticancer and anti-white mass formed by blood stasis in addition.Modern medicine study shows, agate coffee has antifatigue, regulates the multiple unique effects such as internal secretion.Agate coffee is extensively familiar with by countries in the world as the medicinal and edible plants of high nutritive value, and its goods are favored as autonomic drug in some developed countries.Because people more and more advocate non-prescribed medicine and functional food in the world, this brings good development prospect to the agate coffee with dietotherapeutic.The demand of people to agate coffee is increasing, in the urgent need to expanding its planting area.
But originate in High aititude mountain area due to agate card, be suitable for growing in High aititude, low latitudes, high day and night temperature, subacidity sandy loam, sun-drenched soil; Be distributed in Andes, South America, artificial planting in the middle part of Peru and south.
agate cardgrowth conditions very harsh, main suitable growth is at mountain area, plateau severe cold areas, and require that day and night temperature is comparatively large, rainfall abundant, have fresh water lake around, the growth conditions of this uniqueness limits its planting area.If height above sea level declines, temperature is too high, agate coffee plant respiratory intensity is large, nutrient consumption is many, and accumulation is not enough, and block root can not expand, and affects output, and damage by disease and insect increases simultaneously; If soil moisture content is lower than 20%, growing of agate coffee can be affected, but excess moisture, also easily cause the generation of the diseases such as root rot; Under the condition of illumination deficiency, agate coffee yields poorly, of poor quality.Experimental study shows, shelter from heat or light under condition 70%, agate coffee plant is dead gradually.Therefore, the region outside its original producton location, especially will overcome a Multiple techniques difficult problem at flat area, temperate zone popularizing planting agate coffee.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve agate coffee cannot in the technical problem of flat area, temperate zone popularizing planting.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Design the cultivation and grow method of flat area, a kind of temperate zone agate coffee, comprise the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: choose full grains, glossiness seed, with the water seed soaking 25 ~ 35 minutes of 24 ~ 26 DEG C, is positioned over germinating box; Germinating box is placed in freezer and carries out vernalization process;
(2) seedling medium is prepared: do seedling medium with turfy soil, the turfy soil of every 500 liters ferments 10 ~ 15 days with the EM bacterium of 0.8 ~ 1.2 ㎏, with formalin sterilization seedling-cultivating tray and the seedbed of concentration of volume percent 0.3%, then by for subsequent use for the seedling medium sabot fermented;
(3) sow: in early April, sow when selecting fine, the seed after step (1) vernalization process is evenly sprinkling upon in the seedling-cultivating tray of preparation in step (2), then covers the thick turfy soil of 0.4 ~ 0.6CM, to water compacting, be positioned in the black sunshade put up;
(4) seedling management: after planting, every day sprinkles water in time, keeps soil moisture to be 60% ~ 75%; After seedling all sprouts and grows one month, the sunshade net removing sunshade carries out hardening, removes sick and wounded seedling simultaneously, weeds out the rank grass;
(5) field planting:
A. soil turns over whole: select front stubble did not plant crop in cruciferae, pH value is 6 ~ 7 sandy loam or light loam ground, turn over whole soil in advance, organic fertilizer 3 ~ 5m3/666.7m
2, add microorganism potash fertilizer 3KG, rake whole thin after, by 2 meters of wide trench diggings, make cold bed and wait to plant;
B. transplant: late May, when seedling grows to 7 ~ 8 true leaves, pick strong sprout, band medium is transplanted, line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, every 666.7m
2plant 8000 ~ 10000 strains, water after transplanting one time permeable;
C. water and fertilizer management: after field planting survives, waters in good time, and note rainy day water drainage, centre imposes the organic humic acid fertilizers 2 ~ 3 times meeting NY1106-2006 standard, all sprays (consumption is as the criterion evenly to spray one time) with the concentration of 0.05% at every turn; Artificial weeding simultaneously, keeps sufficient nutrient;
D. gather in the crops: late October, plant to be planted leaf look turned yellow, after root system expands, can gather in the crops, and removes blade, removes earth and fibrous root, rinses well can sell or deep processing with water to early December.
Preferably, in step (1), the mode of vernalization process is: first under the temperature condition of 10 ~ 12 DEG C, process 22 ~ 26 hours, then under the condition of 15 ~ 17 DEG C, processes 35 ~ 38 hours, then germinating box is shifted out the placement of freezer normal temperature, and vernalization prepares to transplant.
Preferably, in step (5) the field planting stage, keep relative air humidity to be 65% ~ 75%, soil content water is 20% ~ 30%.
Preferably, in the field planting stage in described step (5), after kind of transplantation of seedlings, the rate of sheltering from heat or light in one month, is made to control, 25% ~ 35%, to prevent solar exposure.
Preferably, the plantation soil selected in step a is arbor forest land or forest land, hillside.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. can to solve seed sprouting uneven in freezer vernalization, the problem that growing way is weak; Mix medium with EM bacterium and can prevent and kill off disease from seedling stage, improve quality; Omnidistance manure use material, bio-fertilizer, can ensure the non-harmful product of production high-quality; In arbor forest land, plantation can avoid high light, and high temperature is exposed to the sun, and moisture evaporation is too fast, carries out forest economy, improves income.
2. the inventive method by adopting rational date of seeding, low-temperature germination, suitably shelter from heat or light, the technical measures such as land for growing field crops Temperature and Humidity Control, can overcome be subject in agate coffee planting process height above sea level, area, growing environment restriction, agate coffee is enable to carry out popularizing planting in flat area, temperate zone, abolish the traditional understanding of people to agate card planting area, the cultivated land resource that flat area is abundant can be made full use of, improve the output of agate coffee plantation, the economic crops of development flat area.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, but following examples are only used to describe the present invention in detail, and limit the scope of the invention never in any form.In following examples, involved raw material if no special instructions, is commercially available.
Embodiment 1: the cultivation and grow method of flat area, temperate zone agate coffee, comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: choose full grains, glossiness seed, with the water seed soaking 30 minutes of 25 DEG C, is positioned over germinating box; Germinating box is placed in freezer, first under the condition of 10 ~ 12 DEG C, processes 24 hours, then under the condition of 15 ~ 17 DEG C, process 36 hours, then germinating box is shifted out the placement of freezer normal temperature, vernalization prepares to transplant.
(2) prepare seedling medium: do seedling medium with turfy soil, the EM bacterium of the turfy soil 1KG of every 500 liters is fermented 15 days, and the formalin with 0.3% is sterilized seedling-cultivating tray and seedbed, then by for subsequent use for the seedling medium sabot fermented;
(3) sow: in sowing on April 5th, 2014, the seed after step (1) vernalization process is evenly sprinkling upon in the seedling-cultivating tray of preparation in step (2), then covers the thick turfy soil of 0.5CM, compacting of watering, be positioned in the black sunshade put up.
(4) seedling management: after planting, every day sprinkles water in time, keeps soil moisture to be 60% ~ 75%; After seedling all sprouts and grows one month, the sunshade net removing sunshade carries out hardening, notes the sick and wounded seedling of removing simultaneously, weeds out the rank grass.
(5) field planting (Lee stockaded village, Zhenping County ecological park):
A. soil turns over whole: the sandy loam that front stubble did not plant crop in cruciferae, pH value is 6.8, the arbor interplanting in woodland of part shading; Turn over whole soil in advance, execute decomposed manure 4m3/666.7m
2, add biological potassium fertilizer (the huge micro-board in Hebei) 3KG, rake whole thin after, by 2 meters of wide trench diggings, make cold bed and wait to plant.
B. transplant: late May, when seedling grows to 8 true leaves, pick strong sprout, band medium is transplanted, line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, every 666.7m
2plant about 9000 strains, water after transplanting one time permeable.
C. water and fertilizer management: after field planting survives, waters in good time, notes rainy day water drainage; Middle (respectively at June 25, August 20, September 15) imposes organic humic acid fertilizers 3 times, all sprays with the concentration of 0.05% at every turn; Carry out artificial weeding simultaneously, keep sufficient nutrient.
In the field planting stage, keep relative air humidity to be 65% ~ 75%, soil content water is 20% ~ 30%, the rate of sheltering from heat or light is controlled, 25% ~ 35%, to prevent solar exposure after kind of transplantation of seedlings in one month.Be the nutrient accumulation phase of September, period artificially improves day and night temperature, and accumulation stores nutrient, and mean temperature of air controls within 20 degree.
D. gather in the crops: late October, plant to be planted leaf look turned yellow to early December, and after root system expands, (average yield reaches 198.5 ㎏/666.7m to results
2, and analyze every primary quality measure and original producton location agate card without essential distinction), remove blade, remove earth and fibrous root, rinse well with water and can sell or deep processing.
Cultivate administration method involved in the embodiment above if no special instructions, is general planting management method.
Adopt method of the present invention at flat area plantation agate coffee, general output can reach 100 ~ 200 ㎏/666.7m
2, every 500g is by 60 ~ 80 yuan of calculating, and output ratio is 5 ~ 10 times of general economic crop; The agate coffee quality that crop output quality and High aititude mountain area are planted does not have significant difference.Instant invention overcomes height above sea level, area, growing environment to the restriction of agate coffee crop popularizing planting, the cultivated land resource that flat area is abundant can be made full use of, improve the output of agate coffee plantation, agate coffee is enable to carry out popularizing planting in flat area, temperate zone, be conducive to the economic crops of developing flat area, improve peasant income.
The present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with the embodiments, but, person of ordinary skill in the field can understand, under the prerequisite not departing from present inventive concept, each design parameter in above-described embodiment can also be changed, form multiple specific embodiment, be common excursion of the present invention, describe in detail no longer one by one at this.
Claims (5)
1. a cultivation and grow method for flat area, temperate zone agate coffee, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: choose full grains, glossiness seed, with the water seed soaking 25 ~ 35 minutes of 24 ~ 26 DEG C, is positioned over germinating box; Germinating box is placed in freezer and carries out vernalization process;
(2) prepare seedling medium: do seedling medium with turfy soil, the turfy soil of every 500 liters ferments 10 ~ 15 days with the EM bacterium of 0.8 ~ 1.2 ㎏, with formalin sterilization seedling-cultivating tray and the seedbed of 0.3%, then by for subsequent use for the seedling medium sabot fermented;
(3) sow: in early April, sow when selecting fine, the seed after step (1) vernalization process is evenly sprinkling upon in the seedling-cultivating tray of preparation in step (2), then covers the thick turfy soil of 0.4 ~ 0.6CM, to water compacting, be positioned in the black sunshade put up;
(4) seedling management: after planting, every day sprinkles water in time, keeps soil moisture to be 60% ~ 75%; After seedling all sprouts and grows one month, the sunshade net removing sunshade carries out hardening, removes sick and wounded seedling simultaneously, weeds out the rank grass;
(5) field planting:
A. soil turns over whole: select front stubble did not plant crop in cruciferae, pH value is 6 ~ 7 sandy loam or light loam ground, turn over whole soil in advance, organic fertilizer 3 ~ 5m3/666.7m
2, add microorganism potash fertilizer 3KG, rake whole thin after, by 2 meters of wide trench diggings, make cold bed and wait to plant;
B. transplant: late May, when seedling grows to 7 ~ 8 true leaves, pick strong sprout, band medium is transplanted, line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, every 666.7m
2plant 8000 ~ 10000 strains, water after transplanting one time permeable;
C. water and fertilizer management: after field planting survives, carries out management of watering according to a conventional method, the rainy day drain flooded fields, period separated in time impose organic humic acid fertilizers 2 ~ 3 times, spray with the weight percent concentration of 0.05%, carry out artificial weeding simultaneously;
D. gather in the crops: late October, plant to be planted leaf look turned yellow, after root system expands, can gather in the crops, and removes blade, removes earth and fibrous root, rinses well can sell or deep processing with water to early December.
2. the cultivation and grow method of flat area, temperate zone according to claim 1 agate coffee, it is characterized in that, in step (1), the mode of vernalization process is: first under the temperature condition of 10 ~ 12 DEG C, process 22 ~ 26 hours, then under the condition of 15 ~ 17 DEG C, 35 ~ 38 hours are processed, germinating box is shifted out freezer normal temperature to place, vernalization prepares to transplant again.
3. the cultivation and grow method of flat area, temperate zone according to claim 1 agate coffee, is characterized in that, in step (5) the field planting stage, keep relative air humidity to be 65% ~ 75%, soil content water is 20% ~ 30%.
4. the cultivation and grow method of flat area, temperate zone according to claim 1 agate coffee, is characterized in that, the field planting stage in described step (5), makes the rate of sheltering from heat or light control, 25% ~ 35%, to prevent solar exposure after kind of transplantation of seedlings in one month.
5. the cultivation and grow method of flat area, temperate zone according to claim 1 agate coffee, is characterized in that, in described step a, the plantation soil of selection is arbor forest land or forest land, hillside.
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| CN201510298466.9A CN104904473B (en) | 2015-06-03 | 2015-06-03 | The cultivating and growing method of temperate zone plains region maca |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN105453883A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-04-06 | 武汉华士特工业生物技术开发有限公司 | Maca cultivation method |
| CN107522575A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-29 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | A kind of bio-organic fertilizer special of suitable highlands maca and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107522575A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-29 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | A kind of bio-organic fertilizer special of suitable highlands maca and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104904473B (en) | 2017-09-22 |
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