CN105145261B - A kind of cultural method of fertile mandarin orange - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of fertile mandarin orange Download PDFInfo
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- CN105145261B CN105145261B CN201510608813.3A CN201510608813A CN105145261B CN 105145261 B CN105145261 B CN 105145261B CN 201510608813 A CN201510608813 A CN 201510608813A CN 105145261 B CN105145261 B CN 105145261B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to agriculture field of fruit tree cultivation, specifically provides a kind of cultural method of fertile mandarin orange, comprises the following steps：（1）Prepare without sick seedling；（2）Soil cultivation：Using big-powered tractor list colter deep ploughing subsoiling method, depth of plowing is 65 70cm；（3）Fertile mandarin orange field planting；（4）Water and fertilizer management；（5）Pruning；（6）Floral leaf fruit manages；（7）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；（8）Timely collecting etc., cultivation that can be more efficient irrigate mandarin orange, control disease pest harm, improve fruit yield and quality, the construction in more than the hundred mu area Wo Gan gardens that are particularly suitable for use in.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fruit tree cultivation, specifically provides a kind of cultural method of fertile mandarin orange.
Background technology
Fertile mandarin orange（Orah）For Rutaceae（Rutaceae）Citrus（Citrus）Perennial evergreen fruit tree, it is " temple " tangerine
The cenospecies of orange and " Dan Xi " red tangerine, belongs to wide skin citrus cultivars." fertile mandarin orange " is with tree vigo(u)r is strong, fruit appearance is beautiful, quality
Excellent, late-maturing, early fruiting and high yield, the features such as fruit harvesting phase is long, wide adaptability and disease resistance are strong, suitably as late-maturing miscellaneous mandarin orange kind
Promoted.
Fertile mandarin orange is mainly planted in the ground such as Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan at present, wherein with Guangxi Wuming County growing surface
Product is maximum.Traditional method for planting is to dig the hole or ditch that 80 cm are wide, 60 cm are deep, often cheats the organic fertilizer and soil with tens of kilograms
Mix back soil thoroughly, this method shows as less efficient when large area is planted, and also pruning guiding theory is not clear and definite enough in addition, easily
Canker occurs, the spot that day is bright, pericarp easily leaves disease pest harm occurs, stock is made using Fructus Aurantii and nutritional deficiency yellow easily occurs early
The problems such as declining.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome drawbacks described above, there is provided a kind of efficiently fertile mandarin orange cultural method, improves cultivation efficiency, fruit
Real yield and quality.
A kind of cultural method of fertile mandarin orange of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
（1）Prepare without sick seedling
In strict accordance with《The virus-free seedling-wood breeding technical regulation of citrus》Nursery, it is ensured that the fertile mandarin orange seedling plant type cultivated is good,
Root system is complete, without the quarantine disease cause of disease such as Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen, canker, decline disease.
（2）Soil cultivation
The hillside fields below 40 ° of the gradient is selected, using big-powered tractor list colter deep ploughing subsoiling method（Abbreviation high-power Dan Li
Head depth tilling depth pine method）, plowed when soil moisture is little, direction takes contour or vertical road, and plough can once plough depth 65-
70 centimetres, then one is harrowed to twice to smooth;Then according to the drainage situation in hillside fields, level land or paddy field, draining is excavated with the machine of hook
Ditch.
（3）Fertile mandarin orange field planting
A, plantation density：For convenience of mechanized operation, 2 × 4 meters, 2.5 × 3.5 meters etc. seeding row spacings of seeding row spacing can be used, are drawn
After good rectilinear point is cheated well, depth 10cm or so is dug in each hole, waits to be colonized；
B, resident time：Preferably in the 2-4 months, temperature on average gos up to 10 DEG C or so, and is colonized during rainfall；Or in 9-11
Month, rainfall or it is cloudy when be colonized；
C, field planting method：Seedling is separately planted according to size fractionation, big seedling；Treaded after being earthed up on a small quantity during field planting with both feet
And help directly, and graft union is exposed native 4 ~ 6cm of face, it is that 58 ~ 62cm is wide to earth up and form a 14 ~ 16cm height/base diameter
Hill, hill cover black film, the black film center, the outdoor mouth for being provided with by trunk one end an a diameter of 18 ~ 22cm, with profit
Absorb liquid manure.
（4）Water and fertilizer management：
A ', childhood tree：Using fast culture tree crown as target, accomplish frequently to apply thin apply；When tree crown up to 0.8-1m, every plant is applied
14 ~ 16kg of organic fertilizer；
B ', bearing-age tree：The spring tip and spring flower want moderate liquid manure, and summer will control, and autumn is fruit expanding period and bearing basal shoot
Key period, to increase liquid manure dosage, winter it is noted that control liquid manure, to increase sugar；Annual early autumn exists after field planting Second Year
28 ~ 32kg of organic fertilizer at the both sides drip of every plant of tree, has once been applied.
（5）Pruning
It is highly 20-30cm to determine mobile jib, after trimmed according to the guiding theory of " one fork three " method, that is, each
3 uniform sturdy branches are stayed on bifurcated, unnecessary erases, and long branch carries out cutting back when branch is substantially aging, each
Branch retains 20-25cm length；This method has that shaping guiding theory is clear and definite, and operation is easy, can also cause whole tree-like conjunction
Reason, branch can be more sturdy, aging as early as possible, sprouts sprouting, is advantageous to the streamlining management of fertile mandarin orange fruit tree；Appropriateness is paid attention to after high yield period
The spring tip is stayed, does not stay summer shoot substantially, ensures autumn growth quality, controls the winter tip.
（6）Floral leaf fruit manages
Fertile mandarin orange amount is big, good year it is noted that fruit thinning, can fruit thinning at twice, every plant is stayed 500 after first time high yield period fruit thinning
Fruit or so, every plant is stayed 400-450 fruit after second of fruit thinning, and because fertile mandarin orange shedding amount is few, can so arrive when harvesting every plant can receive
350-400 fruit is obtained, 150-180 grams of single fruit weight, fruit size is moderate, and fruit type is beautiful, every plant of 60 kilograms or so of yield.Off year will
Pay attention to spraying the foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and protect flower, pay attention to striving for staying every plant of 400-500 fruit, every plant of 50-60 kilograms of yield,
Had a good harvest every year so as to reach.Blade provides nutriment by photosynthesis, is the basis of fruit production, it should be ensured that have enough
Blade, leaf dark green.Protecting leaf method has attention irrigation, draining, sprays foliar fertilizer, preventing and treating pest and disease damage etc..
Biennial bearing refers to that fruit tree produces more than a year（Claim good year）One young production（Claim off year）Phenomenon.
（7）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Fertile mandarin orange Major Diseases have yellow twig, canker, anthracnose, and insect pest has wood louse, leaf miner, aphid, chafer, thrips
Deng.
Yellow twig is the number one killer of Citrus Industry, belongs to bacterial disease, can not cured thoroughly also so far
Medicine, mainly propagated by wood louse, can also pass through grafting, in spite of illness scion, nursery stock and Semen Cuscutae propagation.Prevention and controls have, in skill
It should be done a good job of it in art " three broad axes "：First, the disease-free nursery stock of plantation；Second, prevent wood louse（Large area Unifying control in flakes）；Third, dig net
Disease tree（Hypopathia area removes totally in time, and grave illness area updates in flakes）；In management：First, strengthen training, popularization prevention and control knowledge；Two
It is to establish joint defence mechanism, such as signs rules and regulations for the village and villagers pledges；Third, local government's responsibility system（Experience have shown that the local Huanglong that government payes attention to
Disease damage is lost just few）.
Susceptible canker is the major defect of fertile mandarin orange, and canker also belongs to bacterial disease.The germ is mainly in diseased tissues
Survive the winter, closely propagated by means of the contact of wind, rain, insect and branches and leaves, long-distance communications are propagated by nursery stock, scion and fruit.Storm wind
Yi Shengfa after rain.Prevention and controls are except plantation is without sick seedling, and outside attention control leaf miner, medicine can be selected：A, 23% resin acid
2000 times of 500 times of+80% S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate of copper, 1500 times+organosilicon synergist；B, 23% copper rosinate, 500 times of+72% agricultural streptomycin
2000 times of 2000 times+organosilicon synergist of soluble powder；And pay attention to using after at 4 points in afternoon when cloudy day or sun hot weather
Medicine.
Anthracnose category fungal disease, susceptible disease under the conditions of high temperature and humidity.Cultivation management should be strengthened, applying organic manure, avoided
Inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, pay attention to draining the water away.Medical treatment can be selected：65% 500 times of+70% thiophanate-methyl of Zineb wettable powder
800 times of liquid of wettable powder, 77% Kocide SD（It can kill）500 times of liquid of wettable powder.
Diaphorina citri is the insect vector that yellow twig is propagated, and mainly sucks young shoot and tender leaf, should be noted that in management makes fertile mandarin orange
The tip is uniformly put, is prevented and treated in favor of unified.Medical treatment can use：40% 1000 times of chlopyrifos liquid, 10% imidacloprid pulvis, 1500 times of liquid,
20% first hydrogen chrysanthemum 1000 times of liquid of emulsifiable concentrate it is any, when population number is more with it is therein any two combination, pay attention to rotation medication.
Leaf miner is also known as scrawly handwriting, main harm tender leaf spray, should concentrate and put the tip, in long 1cm of bud or so, spray, and 7-
Spray again once within 10 days or so, medicine can be selected：25% 500 times of the dimehypo water solution imidacloprid of liquid+5%, 1500 times of liquid of missible oil, or
Any group in 1.8% 2000 times of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 2500 times of the decis of liquid+2.5% liquid.
Orange caterpillar, chafer, thrips etc. can prevent and treat according to a conventional method.
（8）Timely collecting
Fertile mandarin orange can emphasis 10-15 days before the Spring Festival, before Lantern Festival 7 days or so harvest, to supply two important festivals, Qi Tashi
Between January early and middle ten dayses can be harvested to early and middle ten dayses in March according to market conditions, should not harvest too late, so as not under the influence of bloom in season.
Preferably, step（C）In, it is handled as follows before field planting：If bare-root seeding, by whole young plant with 0.5% Gao Meng
Or so sour potassium solution immersion 8-12 minutes, then rinsed with clear water, the root system of fertile mandarin orange seedling is then immersed in 6- in composite nutrient-fluid
When 10 or so, fertile mandarin orange seedling is then taken out, and its root is spread into the yellow mud containing the composite nutrient-fluid to take away field planting；
If nutrient bag seedling, then sprayed with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate, with can be taken after clear water hydro-peening after 20 ~ 40min
Go to plant；
The composite nutrient-fluid is thiophanate-methyl, metrifonate, nucleotides, root-inducing powder, more strong root are 1 in mass ratio:1:
1:1:The mixed liquor that 1 ratio is prepared.
Preferably, step（4）In, the organic fertilizer is formed by the material mixing of following mass ratio：Chicken manure：Offal filter mud：
Calcium superphosphate：Peanut press pulp=10:3:1:1.
Preferably, step（4）In, before organic fertilizer, on tree crown both sides, drip is ditched, the length and width of the ditch, it is deep successively
For 80cm, 20cm, 30cm, organic fertilizer is put into the ditch, mixed thoroughly with soil after return soil.
Preferably, step（1）In, planting site is arid hillside field and alkaline soil, and the fertile mandarin orange seedling strain is using Ziyang fragrant citrus as stock；
Planting site is paddy field, and the fertile mandarin orange seedling strain, can resisting etiolation using great Ye Fructus Aurantiis as stock.
Preferably, step（8）In, fertile mandarin orange after harvesting mould frustrated 2000 mg/kgs and/or 45% flutters mould clever 2000 with pressing down
Times liquid, leaching fruit carry out sterilization processing in 1 minute, improve the resting period of fruit；Can also be by waxing, being classified, labelling, casing etc. and
Row commercial treatment.
Preferably, in fertile mandarin orange fruit diameter length to 3 ~ 5cm or so, fruit can once be whitewashed, white-out agent is carbon
Sour calcium latex solution, both can prevent pest and disease damage from endangering pericarp, can prevent day from burning again.
Advantage of the present invention：Patent of the present invention is using big-powered tractor list colter deep ploughing subsoiling method, " fork three " shaping
Pruning method, water-fertilizer integral, the method integrated control canker that decoction and ulcer specific drug are combined is soaked during seedling, disposably
Calcium carbonate emulsion whitewashes that prevention day is burnt and pericarp is endangered by disease pest, and formula modulation organic fertilizer plays the integrated approach such as fertile medicine two effect, energy
Cultivation is efficiently carried out when irrigating mandarin orange, control disease pest harm, improve fruit yield, lifting fruit quality, increase farmers' income.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of fertile mandarin orange " fork three " pruning method；
Fig. 2 is the growth conditions figure that Gan Shu is irrigated after cultivating 1 year；
A is the fertile Gan Shu using the inventive method；
B is the fertile Gan Shu of common plow harrow cultivation.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment 1
On March 20th, 2012 is efficient using above-mentioned high-power list colter deep ploughing subsoiling in Nanning Wuming city proper and areas just outside its gates town Jiu Lian villages
The fertile mandarin orange of cultivation cultivation, is experimental field sandy loam, and physical features is gentle, preceding to be used as sugarcane, in fertility on, 20 mu of test area.Control
Pattern be common plow harrow, not plow harrow, greatly hook three kinds of tillage system reforms of machine+rake, each 3 mu of area.
This test procedure is as follows：
（1）Prepare without sick seedling：Selection plant type is good, root system is complete, disease-free cause of disease, and using Ziyang fragrant citrus as stock
Miao Zhu.
（2）Soil cultivation：Deep ploughing subsoiling is carried out using big-powered tractor list colter（120 horsepower above tractors）,
First plough 1 time and harrow again once, depth of plowing is 65-70cm.
（3）Fertile mandarin orange field planting：Due to being bare-root seeding, before field planting, whole young plant is soaked 10 points with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate
Clock or so, then rinsed once with clear water, the root system of fertile mandarin orange seedling is then immersed in thiophanate-methyl+metrifonate+nucleotides+and taken root
The more strong composite nutrient-fluid of powder+root（Match as 1:1:1:1:1, concentration by specification sprays standard preparation）In 8 hours left sides
The right side, then takes out fertile mandarin orange seedling, and its root is spread into the yellow mud containing the composite nutrient-fluid and taken away field planting；
The seeding row spacing of field planting is 2.5 × 3.5 meters；The cm of plant height 35 during field planting, graft union expose native face 5cm, ridging
And a 15cm height is formed, base diameter is the wide hills of 60cm, and hill covers black film, the black film center, by trunk
One end is provided with the outdoor mouth of an a diameter of 20cm, absorbs liquid manure with profit.
（4）Water and fertilizer management：Water-fertilizer integral device is installed, brief device has fertilizer dissolving tank, pond, filter, taken out
Water pump, water main, branch pipe, switch, drop band, water dropper etc., such as economic condition permission, can install advanced Israel's fully-automatic intelligent
Water-fertilizer integral device.
When the height of tree, tree crown are to 0.8-1m, with Mini-type ditcher, deep 30cm, wide 20cm, length 80cm or so ditch are opened,
Every plant of First Year puts organic fertilizer 15kg or so and makees base manure, and organic fertilizer returns soil after being mixed thoroughly with soil.Put after Second Year during annual early autumn
30kg organic fertilizers make base manure, and other is all that root is outer or foliage spray, other daily managements are as described above.Wherein, organic fertilizer
Match and be：20 jin of chicken manure, 6 jin of offal filter mud, 2 jin of calcium superphosphate, 2 jin of peanut press pulp.
（5）Pruning
As shown in figure 1, it is highly 20-30cm or so to determine mobile jib, trimmed using " fork three " method, both each bifurcated
On stay 3 sturdy branches, each branch retains 20-25cm length.
（6）Floral leaf fruit manages
Spraying in the flowering stage biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer protects flower, strives for that every plant is stayed 400-500 fruit.
（7）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Fertile mandarin orange main diseases and insect pests have yellow twig, canker, anthracnose, wood louse, leaf miner, aphid, chafer, thrips etc..
Yellow twig is the number one killer of Citrus Industry, belongs to bacterial disease, can not cured thoroughly also so far
Medicine, mainly propagated by wood louse, can also pass through grafting, in spite of illness scion, nursery stock and Semen Cuscutae propagation.To yellow twig hypopathia area and
When dig net disease tree, remove clean, grave illness area updates in flakes.Susceptible canker is the major defect of fertile mandarin orange, and canker also belongs to bacterium
Venereal disease does harm to.Storm passes pay attention to preventing.Prevention and controls are except plantation is without sick seedling, and outside attention control leaf miner, medicine is optional
With：A, 2000 times of the 1500 times+organosilicon synergist of S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate of board 23% copper rosinate, 500 times+decent job board 80% is carefully liked（Trade name：
King is opened up in infiltration）；B, carefully happiness 23% copper rosinate of board, 500 times of+72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder, 2000 times+organosilicon synergy
2000 times of agent（Trade name：King is opened up in infiltration）；And pay attention to medication after at 4 points in afternoon when cloudy day or sun hot weather.
Anthracnose category fungal disease, susceptible disease under the conditions of high temperature and humidity.Cultivation management should be strengthened, applying organic manure, avoided
Inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, pay attention to draining the water away.Medical treatment can be selected：65% 500 times of+70% thiophanate-methyl of Zineb wettable powder
800 times of liquid of wettable powder, or select 77% Kocide SD（It can kill）500 times of liquid of wettable powder.
Diaphorina citri is the insect vector that yellow twig is propagated, and mainly sucks young shoot and tender leaf, should be noted that in management makes fertile mandarin orange
The tip is uniformly put, is prevented and treated in favor of unified.Medical treatment can use：40% 1000 times of chlopyrifos liquid, 10% imidacloprid pulvis, 1500 times of liquid,
20% first hydrogen chrysanthemum 1000 times of liquid of emulsifiable concentrate etc..
Leaf miner is also known as scrawly handwriting, main harm tender leaf spray, should concentrate and put the tip, in long 1cm of bud or so, spray, and 7-
Spray again once within 10 days or so, medicine can be selected：25% 500 times of the dimehypo water solution imidacloprid of liquid+5%, 1500 times of liquid of missible oil, 1.8% Ah
Tie up any group in rhzomorph 2000 times of missible oil, 2500 times of the decis of liquid+2.5% liquid.
Orange caterpillar, chafer, thrips etc. can prevent and treat according to a conventional method.In addition, it can be carried out in fertile mandarin orange fruit 4cm or so
Once whitewash, white-out agent is calcium carbonate latex solution, both can prevent pest and disease damage from endangering pericarp, and can prevent day from burning again.
（8）Timely collecting：Fertile mandarin orange can emphasis 10-15 days before the Spring Festival, 7 days or so before Lantern Festival, to supply two important sections
Day, January other time, early and middle ten dayses should not harvest too late to can be harvested according to market conditions before March early and middle ten dayses, in order to avoid under the influence of season
Bloom.
Fertile mandarin orange after harvesting with press down it is mould frustrate 2000 mg/kgs and/or 45% flutter mould clever 2000 times of liquid, leaching fruit is carried out for 1 minute
Sterilization processing, in favor of the transport in later stage, storage.
Fertile mandarin orange resident time, tilth, First Year tree crown, Second Year tree crown and production under investigation and record different mode
Amount, the 3rd year tree crown and yield.
Result of the test is as shown in table 1 and Fig. 2, wherein the time of measuring of 1 year tree crown of field planting is on March 20th, 2013, field planting
The time of measuring of 2 years tree crowns is on 2 26th, 2014, and tree crown and yield monitoring time are 2 months 2015 12 after being colonized 3 years
Day.The subsoiling method it can be seen that high-power list colter is deep ploughed（Hereinafter referred to as big single deep ploughing）Efficient Cultivation irrigates the tree crown that mandarin orange is colonized 1 year
Substantially than common plow harrow and not plow harrow it is big, and greatly hook machine+rake it is similar.Field planting two, three years also in this way, big single deep ploughing
The plant height of field planting 3 years is 252.1cm, higher 42.8cm than common plow harrow plant height 209.3cm, higher than not plow harrow plant height 171.6cm
70.5cm, reach pole significant difference level, it is similar with the big plant height 246.0cm for hooking machine+rake.Tree crown crown diameter is close.Producing
In amount, big single deep ploughing is colonized 3 years, the single plant yield singly deep ploughed greatly not only after being colonized 2 years than the high yield of other manner
Reach 62.3kg, per mu yield 4746.9kg is converted into, than common plow harrow（Individual plant produces 48.5kg, converts into per mu yield 3695.2kg）Extremely significantly increase
Production 22.15%, than not plow harrow（Individual plant produces 37.6kg, converts into per mu yield 2864.7kg）Extremely significantly volume increase 39.6%, than big hook machine+rake
（Individual plant produces 58.1kg, converts into per mu yield 4426.6kg）It is slightly higher, but difference is not notable.
4 kinds of tillage system reforms compare, and high-power list colter deep ploughs subsoiling method yield than common plow harrow volume increase 22.15%, than not ploughing
Rake volume increase 39.6%, it is more slightly higher than big hook machine+rake method.Big single every big tractor of method deep ploughing can plough 40-50 mus for one day, every
It can harrow 60-70 mus daily, plough 90 yuan of a cost, 40 yuan of rake one time, yuan/mu of farming cost accounting 130, it may be said that be low cost
High efficiency, a large amount of weeds are embedded under soil after farming is complete, and after subsoiling of deep ploughing, the soil is porous, are advantageous to store moisture, are irrigated mandarin orange root
System is easy to grow.
Although it is not low to hook machine+rake method yield greatly, deep to hook 1 every machine cost per mu be 180 yuan, 40 yuan of rake 1 time, is closed
Count yuan/mu of cost 220, every loom one day can 20 mu or so of farming, cost high efficiency is low, and this mode has also easily been grown miscellaneous
Grass, later stage weeding worker employed in a plant nursery are more.Although cost is relatively low or without spending at the beginning for common plow harrow and not plow harrow method, save trouble,
But the tree later stage growing way of fertile mandarin orange is weak, yields poorly, poor quality.
Table 1 is irrigated mandarin orange Different Cultivated Model yield traits and compared
Note：Variance analysis uses duncan's new multiple range method, and lowercase letter 5% is horizontal, and capitalization represents that 1% is horizontal.
It can be yielded positive results after being colonized 1 year using the fertile mandarin orange of the inventive method cultivation, general strain production 10kg or so, Gao Zheke
Up to 30kg.Field planting 2 years after yield positive results, about 3 years can harvest fruit strain production more than 60kg, more than 5000 kilograms of per mu yield, often
Mu sells fruit and takes in more than 60,000 yuan, and 20,000 yuan or so are increased income than commonsense method abridged edition, and fruit quality has been lifted, and soluble solid increases
Add 1.2% or so, fruit can be placed more than 35 days at normal temperatures, more resistance to accumulating, without make sterilization processing be only capable of put 15-25
My god.Fertile mandarin orange aggregate performance is that fruit appearance is beautiful, in good taste, late-maturing height sugar, early fruiting and high yield, the fruit harvesting phase is long, keeping quality is good,
Practicality is wide, good stress resistance, late-maturing high sugar, early fruiting and high yield, the excellent feature of Comprehensive Traits, has good popularizing application prospect.
Embodiment 2
On April 20th, 2013 carries out the cultivation of fertile mandarin orange in Nanning Wuming city proper and areas just outside its gates town Jiu Lian villages base, and same day weather is cloudy
My god, 23-28 °C of temperature, hereafter weather is largely 22-30 °C or so.This experiment is divided into 4 groups, and respectively root system immersion is compound
Nutrient solution, do not make decoction processing, and apply homemade compound organic fertilizer and Shi Chun chicken manure, remaining step is with reference in embodiment 1
Carry out；Each 2 mu of ground of every group of experiment.
From table 2, the processing of composite nutrient-fluid is soaked（Thiophanate-methyl：Metrifonate：Nucleotides：Root-inducing powder：Root is more strong
=1:1:1:1:1, and smear the yellow mud of this liquid dosage）Survival rate ratio does not make decoction processing（Root system only smearing is prepared with clear water
Yellow mud）It is obvious high, be particularly suitable for irrigating the transplanting of mandarin orange seedling at osmanthus ALFISOL IN CENTRAL latter stage in spring to initial stage in summer, beneficial to improve into
Motility rate, preventing and treating underground disease pest harm, fast quick-recovery irrigate the growing way of mandarin orange seedling.
From table 3, using the organic fertilizer from preparation（By 20 jin of chicken manure, 6 jin of offal filter mud, 2 jin of calcium superphosphate, peanut
The ratio that 2 jin of bran is blended）, compared with applying pure chicken manure, due to adding offal, certain expeling pest and disease damage can be played and made
With bud differentiation can be promoted by adding calcium superphosphate, and beneficial to growing, adding peanut press pulp can make blade more dark green, fruit
Quality has been lifted, and soluble solid increase by 1.2% or so, fruit more sweet tea, mouthfeel are more preferable.
The immersion composite nutrient-fluid contrast of the bare-root seeding of table 2
The self-prepared organic fertilizer of table 3 contrasts
It should be understood that these embodiments are only illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.In addition, it is to be understood that
After the content of the invention lectured has been read, those skilled in the art can various modifications may be made or change to the present invention, these
The equivalent form of value equally falls within the application appended claims limited range.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of cultural method of fertile mandarin orange, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Prepare without sick seedling
Select disease-free fertile mandarin orange seedling strain；
（2）Soil cultivation
Using deep ploughing subsoiling method, depth of plowing is 65-70cm, then rakes the soil level smooth to ground, and digs gutter；
（3）Fertile mandarin orange field planting
A, plantation density：Seeding row spacing is（2-2.5）×（3.5-4）M, cheat deep 8-12cm；
B, resident time：In the 2-4 months, temperature on average gos up to more than 10 DEG C, and can be colonized during rainfall；In the 9-11 months, rainfall
Or it is colonized when cloudy；
C, field planting method：Seedling is separately planted according to size fractionation, big seedling；During field planting, graft union exposes native 4 ~ 6cm of face, training
Soil simultaneously forms that 14 ~ 16cm is high, base diameter is the wide hills of 58 ~ 62cm, and hill covers black film, in the black film
The heart, by trunk one end be provided with an a diameter of 18 ~ 22cm outdoor mouth；
（4）Water and fertilizer management：
A ', childhood tree：When tree crown up to 0.8-1m, every plant of 14 ~ 16kg of organic fertilizer；
B ', bearing-age tree：Annual early autumn ditches every plant of 28-32kg of organic fertilizer at tree crown drip after field planting Second Year, once
Apply；
（5）Pruning
It is highly 20-30cm to determine mobile jib, and 3 sturdy branches are stayed on each bifurcated, and each branch retains 20-25cm length；
（6）Floral leaf fruit manages
Good year wants fruit thinning, and off year is strengthened spraying biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer guarantor's flower；Every plant is stayed 400-500 fruit；
（7）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
A, canker is prevented and treated：Early stage, selection cloudy day or medication after at 4 points in afternoon during sun hot weather；Medicine is selected：
23% 2000 times of 500 times+80% of copper rosinate S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate, 1500 times+organosilicon synergist, or 500 times+72% of 23% copper rosinate
2000 times of 2000 times+organosilicon synergist of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder；
B, anthracnose category fungal disease：Early stage, from 65% 500 times of+70% thiophanate-methyl of Zineb wettable powder
800 times of liquid of wettable powder；Or 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder, 500 times of liquid are selected to spray；
C, diaphorina citri is prevented and treated：Fertile mandarin orange is uniformly put the tip, and spray 40% chlopyrifos, 1000 times of liquid, 1500 times of 10% imidacloprid pulvis
One or both of liquid, 20% fenpropathrin milk oil, 1000 times of liquid combine；
D, leaf miner is prevented and treated：Concentration puts the tip, in long 1cm of bud or so, spray, is sprayed again once after 7-10 days, choice of drug used：
25% 500 times of the dimehypo water solution imidacloprid of liquid+5% missible oil, 1500 times of liquid or 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 2000 times of bromines of liquid+2.5%
Any group in 2500 times of liquid of Cyano chrysanthemate；
（8）Timely collecting
January early and middle ten dayses to March early and middle ten dayses harvesting；
Step（2）In, plough, rake the soil level using big-powered tractor list colter；
Step（C）In, it is handled as follows before field planting：If bare-root seeding, whole young plant is soaked with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate
8-12 minutes are steeped, then are rinsed with clear water, the root system of fertile mandarin orange seedling is then immersed in 6-10 hours in composite nutrient-fluid, then taken out
Fertile mandarin orange seedling, and the yellow mud containing the composite nutrient-fluid is spread into its root can take away field planting；
If nutrient bag seedling, then sprayed with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate, with the kind that can be taken away after clear water hydro-peening after 20 ~ 40min
Plant；
The composite nutrient-fluid is thiophanate-methyl, metrifonate, nucleotides, root-inducing powder, more strong root are 1 in mass ratio:1:1:1:1
Ratio prepare mixed liquor；
Step（4）In, the organic fertilizer is formed by the material mixing of following mass ratio, chicken manure：Offal filter mud：Calcium superphosphate：Flower
Raw bran=10:3:1:1.
2. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（4）In, before organic fertilizer, dripped on tree crown both sides
Waterline is ditched, and the length and width of the ditch, is followed successively by 80cm, 20cm, 30cm deeply, organic fertilizer is put into the ditch, mixed thoroughly with soil
After return soil.
3. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）In, planting site is arid hillside field and alkaline soil,
The fertile mandarin orange seedling strain is using Ziyang fragrant citrus as stock；Planting site is paddy field, and the fertile mandarin orange seedling strain is using great Ye Fructus Aurantiis as stock.
4. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（8）In, the fertile mandarin orange imazalil after harvesting
2000 mg/kgs and/or 45% flutter mould clever 2000 times of liquid, leaching fruit carries out sterilization processing in 1 minute.
5. cultural method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that when fertile mandarin orange fruit diameter length is to 3 ~ 5cm, use calcium carbonate
Latex solution whitewashes fruit.
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