CN103053339A - Method for growing mulberry in Karst mountain area - Google Patents
Method for growing mulberry in Karst mountain area Download PDFInfo
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- CN103053339A CN103053339A CN2012105821871A CN201210582187A CN103053339A CN 103053339 A CN103053339 A CN 103053339A CN 2012105821871 A CN2012105821871 A CN 2012105821871A CN 201210582187 A CN201210582187 A CN 201210582187A CN 103053339 A CN103053339 A CN 103053339A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for growing a mulberry in the Karst mountain area. The mulberry of a 'Qinzhou mulbeery' variety of Guangxi province serves as a stock, and a '8632 mulberry' which is cultivated by northwest agriculture and forestry university serves as a scion. The method comprises steps of arranging the soil, cultivating seedlings, grafting, processing seedlings, growing, trimming, managing the field, preventing and curing plant diseases and insect pests and managing the mulberry in blossom. The cultivated mulberry is drought-enduring, root systems are rich, the mulberry has rich contained water, branches and fruits, the sugar degree is in a range from 9.5% to 13.2%, the yield per mu is from 2500kg to 3000kg, mulberries can be eaten directly or processed, mulberry leaves can cultivate silkworms, the mulberry is suitable to planning in lean soil of the Karst mountain area of the Guangxi, the water and the soil can be retained, the ecological environment of the poor region can be restored, and farmers can earn more.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of economic plants, particularly the mulberry cultivation method of high yield mulberries.
Background technology
Mulberries (s ā ng shen), [Latin literary fame] Fructus Mori is the ripening fruits of Moraceae deciduous tree mulberry tree, [another name] mulberry reality, Shen, black mulberry, civil and military real, black mulberry, mulberry jujube, mulberries, mulberry grain, sorosis, ripe fresh fruit flavor sweet juice is many, is one of fruit of the normal food of people.Ripe mulberries matter is glossy, sour and sweet palatability, take individual large, meat is thick, look purplish red, the sufficient person of sugar is as good.Annual 4～June gathers during fruit maturation, and [nature and flavor with return through] of mulberries are sweet, sour, cold.The thoughts of returning home, liver, kidney channel.[function with the cure mainly] enriching yin of enriching blood is promoted the production of body fluid and is moisturized.Be used for dizzy tinnitus, palpitation and insomnia, poliosis, Tianjin wound is thirsty, and interior heat is quenched one's thirst, blood deficiency and constipation.Tonifying liver, kidney-nourishing relieves dizziness, high fever, infantile convulsions, epilepsy, etc., and grows liquid.Control liver-kidney Yin deficiency, quench one's thirst, constipation, order is dark, tinnitus, scrofula, articular instability.
Mulberries are improved skin (comprising scalp) blood supply, and the nutrition skin makes the effects such as the delicate and Wu Fa of skin, and can delay senility.Mulberries are be healthy and strong U.S. face, antidotal good fruit and good medicine of the elderly.Normal food mulberry fruit can make eye bright the symptom that relieving eye strain is dry and astringent.Mulberries have immunologic enhancement.Mulberries have effect of gain to spleen, and reaction has humidification to hemolytic, can prevent human body artery sclerosis, bone arthrosclerosis, enhance metabolism.It can promote the growth of erythrocyte, prevents that leucocyte from reducing, and the illnesss such as treatment diabetes, anaemia, hypertension, high fat of blood, coronary heart disease, neurasthenia are had auxiliary effect.Mulberry fruit has promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, promote digestion, help the effect such as defecation, and proper amount of edible can promote gastric secretion, stimulates enterocinesia and removes scorching.Motherland's medical science thinks that mulberries are sweet in flavor and cold in property, has liver-kidney tonifying, an effect such as the ease constipation of promoting the production of body fluid, black invention order.
The past southerner is the ground such as Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Jiangxi of ALFISOL IN CENTRAL particularly, the plantation mulberry tree is few, and the plantation mulberry tree is used for the more few of results mulberries, in recent years because the prosperity of road and rail, it is unobstructed that transport in north and south, and mulberries begin to enter people's the edible category of fruit.But because the soil property weather of ALFISOL IN CENTRAL, the mulberry tree breed of special production mulberries is bad, the mulberries of results are individual little, meta-acid, and the mulberry tree breed in other places is not easy to adapt to local characteristic of acid red soil, growing way is relatively poor, so the southerner is difficult to picture North China, the Northwest, such as the high-quality mulberries on the ground such as Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Shandong.
There is a lot of Karst hills area in a lot of provinces, cities and autonomous regions of south China such as Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Jiangxi and other places.The characteristics in Karst hill area are water with corrosion power carries out the formed earth's surface of effect such as corrosion and underground form to solublerock general names, claim again karst features.Except corrosion, also comprise the erosion of flowing water, the erosion of diving, and the mechanical erosion process such as collapse.Before centuries, the Karst hill area rainfall of south China is abundant, have abundant water resources, the virgin forest coverage rate is high, aboundresources, beautiful scenery, but the growth along with entrance, human in Karst hill area Fast Activities, just caused the destruction of mountain areas forest, the Karst Desertification of Southwestern China karst has been one of the most serious environment in the current whole world and socioeconomic problem at present, when we are having a taste of karst stone forests in different poses and with different expressions and stone forest wonder, after the superb craftsmanship of admiration the Nature, hardly realize that Karst Rocky Desertification engulfing our home just gradually, threatening our production and life.Under the fragile ecological environment of karst, because the locals, causes vegetation deterioration, water and soil loss, land capability decline or forfeiture to the unreasonable exploitation of land resources, rock is exposed gradually, and the earth's surface presents similar desertscape.At present, the nearly Rocky desertification hazard more than 70% of China mainly is distributed in southern 8 provinces such as Guizhou centered by Guizhou Plateau, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guangdong (district, city), the stony desertification area reaches 12.96 ten thousand square kilometres, annual land area of approximately engulfing 1856 square kilometres totally is aggravation trend.
For the intensity Rocky Desertification Region, because the relation of human and environment is seriously lacked of proper care, the basic life condition of human shortage, therefore the improvement of stony desertification is mainly taked naturally to revert to main ecological strategy, except planned, do systematically Ecological Immigration, the measure such as take to close hillsides to facilitate afforestation progressively recovers vegetation, and the eco-tour of reasonable development karst.For the moderate Rocky Desertification Region, mainly taking to administer is main ecological strategy, actively administers by conceding the land to forestry, develop the measures such as farm forestry.For slight Rocky Desertification Region; mainly taking to administer is ecological strategy main, that strengthen prevention; carry out the Comprehensive ecological control of the ecological agriculture, courtyard economy; strengthen farmland capital construction, rural energy construction and man and livestock drinking water project construction; protect existing soil and vegetation cover, prevent new stony desertification soil.
After through for many years scientific research and practice, people begin to recognize Rocky Desertification Region plantation mulberry tree be a kind of can planting trees on barren hills, Revegetation of Eco-environment, can develop again Sericulture, livestock breeding and the development outlet of fancy fruit (mulberry fruit) is provided, through investigating, it is found that the botany characteristic of mulberry tree, determined its ecological functions.The vitality of mulberry tree is extremely vigorous, still can grow with the basic status self-sow at 200 millimeters arid-desert areas up and down of precipitation.The root system of mulberry tree is very flourishing, and root system nature expanded area is several times and even tens times of tree crown projected area.The root system network that the water storage function is arranged has extremely strong containment dust storm, the ability that conserves water and soil.The root turion ability is strong, anti-felling.The resistance of mulberry tree can be born 40 ℃ high temperature, the low temperature that ability is subzero 35 ℃.Soil pH value all can be grown between 4.5～8.5, but soil salt content normal growth 0.2% time.Therefore mulberry tree has very wide adaptability to soil to weather, and breeding brings convenience to spread easily, and it has become planting trees on barren hills, the pioneer tree species of checking winds and fixing drifting sand.Mulberry leaf can also be as the good feed of cowboying, sheep raising except breeding silkworms
Some areas in Guangxi Hechi, Yizhou and the Guizhou Province of Southwestern China; had and successfully planted the mulberry tree sericulture and obtained preferably achievement; but, how to obtain the fancy fruit mulberries in the more serious area plantation high-quality mulberry tree of stony desertification, also there is not scale to implement.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method that is adapted at the acquisition fancy fruit mulberries mulberry tree breed in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region, make it to become planting trees on barren hills, the pioneer tree species of windproof solid soil.Except obtaining the fancy fruit mulberries, mulberry leaf also can be bred silkworms, can also be as the good feed of cowboying, sheep raising, and bring Revegetation of Eco-environment and increase income to mass peasants for the Karst hill area.
Karst mountain area sorosis tree cultivation method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1, breed breeding
Choose " 8632 " good mulberries mulberry tree breed and southern good mulberry tree " Qiezhou Jing Sang " kind drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant of cultivating in China Taiwan Province and hybridize or grafting, obtain being fit to the good mulberries mulberry tree breed of Karst Mountains Desertification Area.The present invention adopts Guangxi Local kind " Qiezhou Jing Sang " mulberry tree breed as stock; " 8632 " fruit mulberry races that NORTHWEST CHINA agriculture and forestry science and technology university cultivates is as scion.
Agent mulberry in Qiezhou is the landrace in Guangxi, is the natural crossing colony of growing directly from seeds, to the red soil strong adaptability in Guangxi, well developed root system, impoverishment tolerant, growing way is vigorous, but horizontal branch is many, and blade is little and thin, leaf yield is lower, and most mulberry fields, the 's 0,70 Guangxi build on the tableland, hillside of arid more, and soil layer is more shallow, soil property is poor, the managing of mulberry field majority is more extensive, and therefore, mulberry field general mu leaf yield is all at 75 0～15 00 kilograms.
It is the special-purpose fruit of high yield mulberry races that NORTHWEST CHINA agriculture and forestry science and technology university cultivates " 8632 " kind, to administer seminar of research institute by Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology's loess to introduce,. to have passed through national acceptance and experts' evaluation and identified (No. the 096th, Shan section mirror word [96]). the resistance such as its drought resisting is cold-resistant are very strong, suitable Beijing. Gansu. apply in area and on the south the Yangtze river basin and similar area that Inner Mongol, northern Shensi etc. are arid and cold.
So, the inventor with " Qiezhou Jing Sang " mulberry tree breed as stock; " 8632 " fruit mulberry races that NORTHWEST CHINA agriculture and forestry science and technology university cultivates is as scion, complementary its advantage, the new varieties that obtain are fit to Guangxi Subtropics weather conditions and Karst Mountains Desertification Area plantation, well developed root system after the grafting, water moisture self restraint, drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, growing way is vigorous, the result is many, the ripe initial stage be red, is atropurpureus after well-done, and really pork is sweet.
It is many that Grafting Mulberry kind of the present invention has a branch, and the result is many, pol 9.5-13.2%, per mu yield mulberries 2500-3000 kilogram, (the general pol of the kind of southern area is all below 10%) has obtained to embody the kind of its primary characteristic and genetic stability, and need not hang down autumn in south and to cut, can keep 2 meters-3 meters height of tree crown, as long as suitably fertilising, fruiting rate is very high, the bright jealous U.S. of fruit, make beverage or the fruit wine mouthfeel is good, taste alcohol.
2, wholely
Should be chosen in soil thickness and be more than 30 centimetres, the soil is porous, drainage and good air permeability, tailo, half light hillside fields section that illumination condition is good are better, is generally 40～100 centimetres if the plot is the strip soil preparation bandwidth, dark 30～50 centimetres; Belt length is determined according to landform, should keep at a certain distance 50～100 centimetres of natural vegetations, if the plot is block (cave is cultivated), regular size has: 40 centimetres of 40 cm x, 40 cm x, 50 centimetres of 50 cm x, 50 cm x, centered by kind of plant hole, shrubbery and weeds around removing, the cleaning scope is decided according to the size of whole ground specification; Gesture forms terraced fields near the mountain.
3, grow seedlings and grafting
" Qiezhou Jing Sang " can adopt live or cuttage and seedling culture, if the mountain region is arid, live stock growth is slower, so need to carry out live in fertile field, Plain, " Qiezhou Jing Sang " mulberry tree breed is the 2-3 month in spring to use seed sowing, seminal propagation: take the ripe mulberry fruit of purple, rub with the hands and remove pulp, clean seed, immediately sowing or damp sand storage.Spring sowing, summer sowing, autumn sowing all can.Summer sowing, autumn sowing can be used then new seed.Broadcast frontly with 40-50 ℃ of water seed soaking, after natural cooling, soaked 12 hours again, storing and germination accelerating in the moisture releasing sand often keeps moistening, treat kind of a skin break reveal from the time can sow, by distance between rows and hills 20cm * 30cm trench digging, ditch depth 1cm, every 1hm2 sowing quantity 7.5～15kg.Earthing.Emerged through 10 days approximately.Height of seedling 3～4cm thinning is stayed a little less than going by force, and is filled the gaps with seedlings.Spring, autumn are by spacing in the rows 10～15cm final singling.Live seedling generally wants trunk long to the just grafting of chopsticks size, adopts then or the live seedling of the previous year can grafting; Perhaps after the cuttage and seedling culture 1 year as stock.Cuttage and seedling culture can carry out cuttage with long trunk last year to the chopsticks size in the 3-4 month.
The scion of " 8632 " kind can be adopted cuttage and seedling culture, and the 3-4 month is carried out cuttage in fertile field, Plain, treats that cuttage long can the cutting as the scion grafting to the chopsticks size of branch of sprouting arrive on the stock of " Qiezhou Jing Sang ".
Grafting method can adopt fringe connection or tooth connection, and fringe to be grafted survives and grows about 5 centimetres and can transplant.
To notice when growing seedlings that the staminiferous plant of disposing 5-10% does pollinizers, could the result.
4, nursery stock is processed: stay the 2-5 bud more than grafting fringe place, be about 20cm, remainder cuts off, and the part fibrous root cut off, will can add an amount of peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers during the slurry root with fertile pond sludge or stream mud slurry root simultaneously, the slurry root is the key that improves survival rate.
5, plantation
After finishing wholely, just can directly plant, banded ground can become the ridge row to plant, and block ground can single or many, and the base area block size is planted, dig pit first before the plantation, the degree of depth of digging pit than the dark 2-10 in Plain centimetre, mainly is that stony desert mountain soil is few suitably, arid, appropriate depth dig pit can so that mulberry sapling take root deeply, drought-enduring; Add an amount of farmyard manure or composite fertilizer after digging pit as base manure in the hole, the root of noting mulberry sapling is direct contact fertilizer not, can put into fertilizer after covering one deck native, then plant mulberry sapling.
6, pruner cuts down
Reasonably beta pruning is one of important measures of mulberry field mulberries volume increase.Mulberry branch cutting mainly contains the winter and cuts down, and the present invention is owing to be to plant at Karst Mountains Desertification Area, and water and soil is few, stays as much as possible branch, and the beta pruning form is that height is cut, and can not hang down and cut.Cut and stay vigorous branches to remove weak branch, sick branch when cutting down.
7, field management
The rear management of planting, in time trickle, apply fertilizer and loosen the soil, after planting, soil drought will in time be irrigated trickle; Ponding is arranged to mulberry, answer smooth low-lying place or trench digging to drain the water away.Loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding, keep soil from packing together, strengthen soil permeability.After new Sang Faya opens leaf, drench execute liquid dung or 0.5% urea solution once, later on according to new mulberry growing state, dressing fertilizer 1 ~ 2 time.Fertilizing amount is per 667 m
2Execute urea 5 kg-10 kg or composite fertilizer 10 kg-15 kg.Discovery has is short of seedling, and should in time reseed.The plant of reseeding will be strengthened management.
The fertilizer that use in the mulberry field mainly contains: organic manure, inorganic fertilizer, mixed organic manure, inorganic composite mixed fertilizer, trace element fertilizer and foliage fertilizer etc.Require nitrogen phosphorus potassium compounding application, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) is 2: 1: 1.Purity nitrogen (N) 1.9 ㎏-2.0 ㎏, phosphorus (P2O5) 1 ㎏-2.0 ㎏, potassium (K2O) 1.0 ㎏-1.3 ㎏ need be executed in the mulberry field that land fertility is not high, every production 100 kg mulberry leaf.
8, the extermination of disease and insect pest
The Major Diseases of mulberry tree is leaf roll blight and powdery mildew, causes harm the initial stage, and the bud-leaf shrinkage of branch middle and upper part, irregular incising and hole appears in blade, and scrolls up and be the wooden dipper shape, the visible yellowish green alternate scab of blade back, strumae appears in the vein place; The atrophy of middle and advanced stage blade is rolled seriously, and strumae is more obvious, and axillalry bud occurs and early send out, and spring leaf quality is caused certain influence.Spray with 1000 times of liquid of 50% topsin or 1500 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl, every 10 d spray once comprehensively.But silkworm is fed in 3 d picking leaves behind the spray medicine.
The mulberry thrips, the winter is cut down rear comprehensively clear garden, eliminates the worm source of surviving the winter; When the mulberry field reaches certain insect density, in time with 700 times of-1000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion or with 1000 times of liquid of 80% ddvp emulsion, spray blade back, spray again medicine once every 5d.But silkworm is fed in 5 d picking leaves behind the spray medicine.
Mulberry leaf mite (two spotted spider mite), uproot weeds ploughs the soil, eliminates the worm source; Find insect pest, early control.1200 times of liquid of available 73% propargite spray blade back.But silkworm is fed in 10 d picking leaves behind the spray medicine.
Diaphania was about in time spray with 1000 times ~ 2000 times liquid of 80% ddvp emulsion before the leaf roll in diaphania hatching to 2 age Mos.But silkworm is fed in 5 d picking leaves behind the spray medicine.
In time remove the disease branches and leaves in conjunction with the mulberry field that winter ploughing beta pruning and summer are cut down, sick branches and leaves are concentrated and are burnt, and will eliminate or root is cut the mulberry tree of morbidity.2. extract the disease leaf, in time weed a garden, the sterilization hibernacle.
9, the phase mulberry tree management of yielding positive results
More in order to yield positive results, need annual 2-3 to topdress before the month 1 time, execute every mu of 800-1000 kilogram of hurdle fertilizer (perhaps cake fertilizer, chicken manure), yield positive results the phase (having by the end of March first to 4) expands rapidly every mu of palpus sealing fertilizer 15-20 kilogram for making young fruit.After this, select 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate etc. to carry out foliage fertilization, beneficial to improving the sugar content of fruit and color and luster.SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING and Chinese olive phase, with 800～1200 times of liquid of 40% dimethachlon wetting powder, or 1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl pulvis, or 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder to branch, do, leaf, fruit and earth's surface spray prevention comprehensively, every 6 days once, spray altogether 2～3 times; When ill, per 4 days once, until a small amount of sorosis stop-spraying when red by blue-stain.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, the karst Karst Desertification is one of the most serious environment in the current whole world and socioeconomic problem.The stony desertification of Southwestern China karst is that the very outstanding territorial environment problem that ecological construction faces is implemented in development of the West Regions.Have in the world three large karsts and concentrate the distribution section, be respectively European Mediterranean, eastern united states and southwest China.Wherein the section, East Asia is that the carbonate rock outcrop area is maximum, Karst Development is the strongest, landscape types maximum, ecotope is the most complicated, the most sharp-pointed area of contradiction, people ground, the West Guangxi of China and the ground such as Guizhou, Yunnan, because deforestation, the earth's surface can not water moisture self restraint, and water all runs off seriously, so plantation mulberry tree, fine effect is played in loss to water and soil, and the peasant plants Sang Yangcan, both can keep water and soil, by breeding silkworms, improved income.Realize that karst area Southwest China is ecological, economical, social coordination, sustainable development has important realistic meaning and far-reaching historic significance.
2, the mulberry tree characteristic of the mulberries that cultivate of the present invention: well developed root system, water moisture self restraint is tree-like larger, branch is many, and joint shape is outstanding, and growing way is vigorous, the result is many, and the fruit pork is sweet, behind the picking fruit, mulberry leaf also can be used for breeding silkworms or making feed to cattle and sheep, can keep 2 meters-3 meters height of tree crown, as long as suitably fertilising, fruiting rate is very high, beverage is made by the bright jealous U.S. of fruit or the fruit wine mouthfeel is good, taste alcohol.
3, Guangxi Karst Region hectare mulberry field High yield complex art, the applicant tests in large new, the Ningming County of Chongzuo City, Guangxi, promote the mulberry cultivation technology of good Hybrid Mulberry kind high yield mulberries, produce 1000 kilograms of fruits per year for average every mu second, the 3rd produces 2500 kilograms of fruits per year, and after this output rises year by year.The 3-4 month gets final product fruit picking, this kind pol 10-13%, acidity 4.5-5 grams per liter, pH value 3.7-4.4, crushing juice rate 75-78%.The mulberry leaf peasant who plucks behind the mulberries is used for breeding silkworms, and 100 kilograms of per mu yield silk cocoons have promoted the silkworm and mulberry production on tor ground simultaneously, to the local economy sustainable growth, larger effect has been brought into play in increasing peasant income.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, breed breeding adopts Guangxi Local kind " Qiezhou Jing Sang " mulberry tree breed as stock; " 8632 " fruit mulberry races that NORTHWEST CHINA agriculture and forestry science and technology university cultivates is as scion.
2, whole ground is chosen in soil thickness and is more than 30 centimetres, the soil is porous, drainage and good air permeability, tailo, half light hillside fields section that illumination condition is good are better, is generally 40～100 centimetres if the plot is the strip soil preparation bandwidth, dark 30～50 centimetres; Belt length is determined according to landform, should keep at a certain distance 50～100 centimetres of natural vegetations, if the plot is block (cave is cultivated), regular size has: 40 centimetres of 40 cm x, 40 cm x, 50 centimetres of 50 cm x, 50 cm x, centered by kind of plant hole, shrubbery and weeds around removing, the cleaning scope is decided according to the size of whole ground specification; Gesture forms terraced fields near the mountain.
3, grow seedlings and grafting, adopt " Qiezhou Jing Sang " as stock then or the live seedling of the previous year can grafting; Perhaps after the cuttage and seedling culture 1 year as stock; The scion of " 8632 " can be adopted cuttage and seedling culture, the 2-3 month is carried out cuttage in fertile field, Plain, the fringe bar of propagation by grafiting is clip before the Spring Festival, trunk is long can to carry out grafting to the chopsticks size, grafting method can adopt fringe connection or tooth connection, and fringe to be grafted survives and grows about 5 centimetres and can transplant.To notice when growing seedlings that the staminiferous plant of disposing 5-10% does pollinizers, could the result.
4, nursery stock is processed: stay 2-5 buds more than grafting fringe place, be about 20cm, remainder cuts off, and the part fibrous root is cut off, and will with fertile pond sludge or stream mud slurry root, can add an amount of peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers during the slurry root simultaneously.
5, the plantation, after finishing, just can directly plant wholely, appropriate depth dig pit can so that mulberry sapling take root deeply, drought-enduring; Add an amount of farmyard manure or composite fertilizer after digging pit as base manure in the hole, the root of noting mulberry sapling is direct contact fertilizer not, can put into fertilizer after covering one deck native, then plant mulberry sapling.
6, pruner cuts down, and the inventor cuts down at halcyon days in the winter, and the beta pruning form is to cut off unnecessary side shoot and sick branch, stays vigorous branches to remove weak branch, and branch can not hang down and cut as a result.
7, field management; The rear management of planting, in time trickle, apply fertilizer and loosen the soil, after planting, soil drought will in time be irrigated trickle; Ponding is arranged to mulberry, answer smooth low-lying place or trench digging to drain the water away.Loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding, keep soil from packing together, strengthen soil permeability.After new Sang Faya opens leaf, drench execute liquid dung or 0.5% urea solution once, later on according to new mulberry growing state, dressing fertilizer 1 ~ 2 time.Fertilizing amount is per 667 m
2Execute urea 5 kg-10 kg or composite fertilizer 10 kg-15 kg.Discovery has is short of seedling, and should in time reseed.The plant of reseeding will be strengthened management.
The fertilizer that use in the mulberry field mainly contains: organic manure, inorganic fertilizer, mixed organic manure, inorganic composite mixed fertilizer, trace element fertilizer and foliage fertilizer etc.Require nitrogen phosphorus potassium compounding application, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) is 2: 1: 1.Purity nitrogen (N) 1.9 ㎏-2.0 ㎏, phosphorus (P2O5) 1 ㎏-2.0 ㎏, potassium (K2O) 1.0 ㎏-1.3 ㎏ need be executed in the mulberry field that land fertility is not high, every production 100 kg mulberry leaf.
8, the extermination of disease and insect pest, the Major Diseases of mulberry tree is leaf roll blight and powdery mildew, causes harm the initial stage, the bud-leaf shrinkage of branch middle and upper part, irregular incising and hole appears in blade, and scrolls up and be the wooden dipper shape, the visible yellowish green alternate scab of blade back, strumae appears in the vein place; The atrophy of middle and advanced stage blade is rolled seriously, and strumae is more obvious, and axillalry bud occurs and early send out, and spring leaf quality is caused certain influence.Spray with 1000 times of liquid of 50% topsin or 1500 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl, every 10 d spray once comprehensively.But silkworm is fed in 3 d picking leaves behind the spray medicine.The mulberry thrips, the winter is cut down rear comprehensively clear garden, eliminates the worm source of surviving the winter; When the mulberry field reaches certain insect density, in time use 700 times ~ 1000 times liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion or with 1000 times of liquid of 80% ddvp emulsion, spray blade back, spray again medicine once every 5d.But silkworm is fed in 5 d picking leaves behind the spray medicine.Mulberry leaf mite (two spotted spider mite), uproot weeds ploughs the soil, eliminates the worm source; Find insect pest, early control.1200 times of liquid of available 73% propargite spray blade back.But silkworm is fed in 10 d picking leaves behind the spray medicine.
Diaphania was about in time spray with 1000 times of-2000 times of liquid of 80% ddvp emulsion before the leaf roll in diaphania hatching to 2 age Mos.But silkworm is fed in 5 d picking leaves behind the spray medicine.In time remove the disease branches and leaves in conjunction with the mulberry field that winter ploughing beta pruning and summer are cut down, sick branches and leaves are concentrated and are burnt, and will eliminate or root is cut the mulberry tree of morbidity.2. extract the disease leaf, in time weed a garden, the sterilization hibernacle.
The mulberry tree management of 9, yielding positive results
More in order to yield positive results, need annual 2-3 to topdress before the month 1 time, execute every mu of 800-1000 kilogram of hurdle fertilizer (perhaps cake fertilizer, chicken manure), yield positive results the phase (having by the end of March first to 4) expands rapidly every mu of palpus sealing fertilizer 15-20 kilogram for making young fruit.After this, select 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate etc. to carry out foliage fertilization, beneficial to improving the sugar content of fruit and color and luster.SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING and Chinese olive phase, with 40% dimethachlon wetting powder 800～1 200 times liquid, or 1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl pulvis, or 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder to branch, do, leaf, fruit and earth's surface spray prevention comprehensively, every 6 days once, spray altogether 2～3 times; When ill, per 4 days once, until a small amount of sorosis stop-spraying when red by blue-stain.
Claims (9)
1. a karst mountain area sorosis tree cultivation method is characterized in that: use Guangxi Local kind " Qiezhou Jing Sang " mulberry tree breed as stock; " 8632 fruit mulberry " that NORTHWEST CHINA agriculture and forestry science and technology university cultivates as scion, and cultivation method comprises whole ground, grow seedlings and grafting, nursery stock processing, plantation, pruner are cut down, the step of field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and the phase mulberry tree management of yielding positive results.
2. karst mountain area sorosis according to claim 1 tree cultivation method is characterized in that: describedly be selected at wholely that soil thickness is more than 30 centimetres, the soil is porous, drainage and good air permeability, tailo, half light hillside fields section that illumination condition is good.
3. karst mountain area sorosis according to claim 1 is set cultivation method, it is characterized in that: described grow seedlings and grafting is that " Qiezhou Jing Sang " kind is the 2-3 month in spring to use seed sowing, live " Qiezhou Jing Sang " seedling wants trunk long to the just grafting of chopsticks size, adopt then or the live seedling of the previous year can grafting, perhaps cuttage and seedling culture after 1 year as stock; Cuttage and seedling culture is adopted in the scion of " 8632 fruit mulberry " kind, the 2-3 month is carried out cuttage in fertile field, Plain, the fringe bar of propagation by grafiting is clip before the Spring Festival, trunk is long can to carry out grafting to the chopsticks size, grafting method can adopt fringe connection or tooth connection, and fringe to be grafted survives and grows more than 5 centimetres and can transplant; To notice when growing seedlings that the staminiferous plant of disposing 5-10% does pollinizers.
4. karst mountain area sorosis according to claim 1 is set cultivation method, it is characterized in that: it is to stay the 2-5 bud more than grafting fringe place that described nursery stock is processed, and is about 20cm, and remainder cuts off, and the part fibrous root cut off, simultaneously will be with fertile pond sludge or stream mud slurry root.
5. karst mountain area sorosis according to claim 1 is set cultivation method, and it is characterized in that: described plantation is in the plantation of finishing wholely, becomes ridge row plantation, blockly single or many plantations bandedly.
6. karst mountain area sorosis according to claim 1 is set cultivation method, and it is characterized in that: described pruner has cut down the winter and cut down, and stays as much as possible branch, and the beta pruning form is that height is cut, and can not hang down and cut, and cuts and stays vigorous branches to remove weak branch, sick branch when cutting down.
7. karst mountain area sorosis according to claim 1 tree cultivation method, it is characterized in that: described field management is the rear management of planting, in time trickle, apply fertilizer and loosen the soil, after planting, soil drought will in time be irrigated trickle, suitably fertilising.
8. karst mountain area sorosis according to claim 1 tree cultivation method is characterized in that: the described extermination of disease and insect pest is to leaf roll blight and powdery mildew, mulberry thrips, the control of mulberry leaf mite and diaphania.
9. karst mountain area sorosis according to claim 1 is set cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the described phase mulberry tree management of yielding positive results is that annual 2-3 topdressed before the month 1 time, execute the fertile every mu of 800-1000 kilogram in hurdle, phase every mu of sealing fertilizer 15-20 kilogram of yielding positive results, after this, select 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate etc. to carry out foliage fertilization, SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING and Chinese olive phase, with 40% dimethachlon wetting powder 800～1 200 times liquid, or 1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl pulvis, or 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder are to branch, do, leaf, prevention is sprayed on fruit and earth's surface comprehensively, every 6 days once, sprays altogether 2～3 times; When ill, per 4 days once, until a small amount of sorosis stop-spraying when red by blue-stain.
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| CN107593247A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-01-19 | 陈金水 | A kind of planting technology of stone gorge tree-longan |
| CN108094340A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-01 | 德宏正信实业股份有限公司 | Suitable for the cooperative rearing of young silkworm method of highlands |
| CN110637629A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-03 | 山东省蚕业研究所 | Greenhouse cultivation method for achieving multiple fruiting of Taiwan Changguo mulberry |
| CN112616465A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-09 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Coffee seedling grafting method |
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