CN104429783B - A kind of facility peach is not necessarily to cold cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of facility peach is not necessarily to cold cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104429783B CN104429783B CN201410804640.8A CN201410804640A CN104429783B CN 104429783 B CN104429783 B CN 104429783B CN 201410804640 A CN201410804640 A CN 201410804640A CN 104429783 B CN104429783 B CN 104429783B
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- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 240000006413 Prunus persica var. persica Species 0.000 title 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 240000005809 Prunus persica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005078 fruit development Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 15
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004345 fruit ripening Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000422 nocturnal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- CGIDKJRJBMFXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-n'-benzylpurine-6,6-diamine Chemical compound N1=CN=C2N=CN=C2C1(N)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 CGIDKJRJBMFXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000182264 Lucuma nervosa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- YGGXZTQSGNFKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-naphthalen-1-ylacetate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)OC)=CC=CC2=C1 YGGXZTQSGNFKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MAUPQMMJSA-N uniconazole P Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1/C([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)=C/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MAUPQMMJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002789 length control Methods 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006266 hibernation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of facility peaches to be not necessarily to cold cultural method, by promoting bud differentiation is sufficiently full, spray nutritional agents is protected from light close plastic shed fallen leaves, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy temperature control rush is bloomed, spray seat fruit promotees branch agent to prevent a series of without cold cultivation technique means of secondary dormancy, temperature and humidity Reasonable Regulation And Control, artificially feed and carbon dioxide fertilization in advance, it is greatly advanced by the facility peach maturity period.The present invention has the characteristics that wide applicable variety range, strong operability, regulation is accurate, increasing benefit is high, be suitable for the mid-early maturity peach in current production within most chilling requirement 700h facility Forcing cultivation in apply, also there is good directive significance to other northern fruit trees adjusting maturity periods, make facility peach pole early ripe, it is listed before year, Spring Festival consumption market and sightseeing picking demand can be met, selling price is several times or even ten times or more of four Mays listing peach price, and increasing benefit is extremely significant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of a planting fruit-trees, specifically a kind of facility peach is not necessarily to cold cultural method.
Background technique
For a long time, for northern deciduous, it is necessary to the low temperature in one very long period is undergone during suspend mode in winter,
Rudiment could be continued after a certain amount of low temperature accumulates by, which meeting, blooms into next round growth and development, and otherwise peach does not just bloom,
Or bloom significantly delay and it is irregular.This " a certain amount of low temperature " accumulation is known as chilling requirement.Fruit tree on traditional understanding start into
Enter suspend mode and chilling requirement start accumulation be it is synchronous, i.e., just initially enter suspend mode after the left and right defoliation of fruit trees at the beginning of 11 months of the north, need cold
Amount also just starts to accumulate gradually.But actually time for starting of fruit tree suspend mode is more much earlier than this, i.e., 2 months or so before fallen leaves
It is the end of summer, just turning into autumn fruit tree autumn growth stop it is long after just gradually start, when arriving leaf-fall, degree of hibernation is in fact very deep.
For the Forcing cultivation of facility peach, how to meet as soon as possible chilling requirement accumulation, even completely without
Cross chilling requirement accumulation directly promote peach enter next round growth and development be decision facility peach maturity period can advance to when
Most critical factor.Currently, Forcing cultivation measure general on facility peach is to meet chilling requirement or people naturally after peach fallen leaves
Work detains canopy heating immediately and promotes to enter next round production after concentrating pre-cooling to meet chilling requirement, this Forcing cultivation measure is to peach maturation
The effect that phase shifts to an earlier date is limited, and fruit Time To Market can only generally advance to 4-5 month.Since Time To Market is concentrated, lead to fruit
On the low side, cultivation benefit is not high.
In recent years, in facility peach, extremely early cultivation and Non-dormancy culture technical aspect units concerned and individual have carried out preliminary spy
Rope and research, but the problem of reality production, is more, is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
First is that requiring the chilling requirement of involved kind extremely harsh, it is necessary to be that chilling requirement is extremely low no more than 200 hours
Chilling requirement kind, this kind is considerably less, and the chilling requirement of most precocious Peach cultivars is in 400-700 hour in producing
Between, it is much higher than required standard, so not high to the directive significance of reality production；
Second is that these ultralow universal mouthfeels of chilling requirement kind are bad, acidity is high, sugariness is low, and Consumer acceptance is poor；
Third is that required need cool equipment costly, common orchard worker, which holds, to dare not accept, and is unfavorable for promoting；
Fourth is that broken dormancy effect is not thorough, chemicals for breaking dormancy formula and application technique are also wait further strengthen；
Fifth is that temperature and humidity, illumination regulation are bad in facility, floral leaf sprouting is uncoordinated, and " first Ye Houhua " phenomenon is serious, Ye Zao
It spends less, and it is extremely irregular to bloom；Sixth is that causing shedding phenomenon tight there are serious unsolved secondary dormancy phenomenon in cultivation
Weight, fruit is few, fruit is small, low output, and fruit is often resulted in when serious and is unable to normal mature even total crop failure.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the facility peaches of a kind of strong operability, pole early ripe to be not necessarily to cold cultural method, with
Solve the problems mentioned above in the background art.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of facility peach is not necessarily to cold cultural method, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) promote bud differentiation sufficiently full in advance: at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April, when peach branch grows to 15-20cm, passing through spray
Applying control medicament control nitrogen control water, imposes bud differentiation fertilizer, foliage application, trims sparse branching and pest and disease damage and prevent to set to control in time
It applies peach nutrient growth, promote bud differentiation；
A, medicament control: start from early May, foliage-spray 1000-2000ppm paclobutrazol, 200-400ppm uniconazole P or
One of 100-150 times of liquid PBO, every 20-30d spray is primary, and even spray 2-4 times, spray value is 60-75kg per acre every time, finally
By branch length control within 50cm；
B, control nitrogen control water: strict control nitrogenous fertilizer, control watering, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer keep soil appropriateness during bud differentiation
Arid controls nutrient growth, promotes bud differentiation；
C, it imposes bud differentiation fertilizer: imposing a bud differentiation fertilizer mid-May, impose the potassium sulfate type based on phosphate fertilizer per acre
Ternary compound fertilizer 30-50kg, ditch spread or cave are applied, and fertilization depth 20-30cm waters in time after fertilising；
D, foliage application: start every 15-20d from early May and spray a foliar fertilizer one, per acre dose 60-75kg；
E, it trims sparse branching: carrying out 1-2 trimming during bud differentiation, keep optical path penetrating, avoid the overstocked mutual screening of branch
Shade influences bud differentiation；
F, pest and disease damage prevents in time: timely pre- preventing disease and pest, fallen leaves front vane function is good at the beginning of being kept for autumn late summer；
G, basal dressing: late August applies base manure, applies 10-20m per acre3The ternary of abundant well-rotted farmyard manure and 40-50kg are multiple
Hefei；
(2) spray nutritional agents is protected from light close plastic shed fallen leaves: by the end of August at the beginning of September, opening canopy film air port up and down, puts down straw screen or mat and be protected from light close plastic shed
15-20d promotes to fall leaves, the urea of foliage-spray 5-7% before close plastic shed, and close plastic shed is opened the ventilation of part straw screen or mat at night and removed during falling leaves
It is wet, it is trimmed immediately after fallen leaves；
(3) spray chemicals for breaking dormancy promotees to bloom: without the accumulation of chilling requirement after mid or late September fallen leaves trimming, directly spraying brokenly dormancy
Agent promotes peach to enter next round growth and development；
A, it sprays chemicals for breaking dormancy one: first spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy one in 1-3d after fallen leaves trimming, spray value 45-60kg, sprays brokenly per acre
10-12d bud starts to expand after dormancy agent one, starts to bloom after 28-30d；
B, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy two: bud sprays chemicals for breaking dormancy two before expanding, per acre spray value 45-60kg；
(4) spray seat fruit, which promotees branch agent, prevents secondary dormancy:
A, artificial pollination: late October enters flowering stage, and full canopy covers black mulch film before blooming, and florescence Pollination Modes are main
For artificial pollination, every 1-2d pollination is primary, and pollination time is between 9:00-15:00；
B, spray fruit setting and promote branch agent: full-bloom stage, which sprays fruit setting rush branch agent, prevents secondary dormancy, per acre spray value 45-60kg；
C, flower thinning: full-bloom stage presses 3 times of progress flower thinnings of reserved fruit amount, and long fruit branch stays colored 6-8, and medium fruit branch stays colored 3-5,
Fruit spur stays colored 2-3, and bouquet shape fruit branch is stayed less or do not stayed, and stays flower under branch middle and upper part and back；
D, fruit thinning: Hua Hou 20-25 days, i.e. mid or late November, young fruit is in de- trousers phase niblet size, by reserved fruit amount
2 times of progress fruit thinnings, long fruit branch stay fruit 3-5, and medium fruit branch stays fruit 2-3, and fruit spur stays fruit 1-2, and bouquet shape fruit branch stays fruit 1
Or do not stay, sick, weak, small, malformed fruit is removed, young fruit expanding stage imposes the once ternary compound fertilizer 30- based on nitrogenous fertilizer per acre
40kg pours small water after fertilising；
E, determine fruit: Hua Hou 50-60 days, i.e. mid or late December carry out determining fruit, 18-22d before fruit maturation before fruit stone
The ternary compound fertilizer 30-40kg once based on potash fertilizer is imposed per acre, and small water is poured after fertilising；
F, spray foliar fertilizer: the every 15-20d of fruit development period sprays a foliar fertilizer two, and dose is 45-60kg per acre；
(5) temperature and humidity Reasonable Regulation And Control:
A, after fallen leaves to before blooming Temperature and Humidity Control: after fallen leaves in two weeks maximum temperature on daytime be no more than 25 DEG C；Before blooming
Maximum temperature on daytime is no more than 22 DEG C in two weeks, is not less than 7 DEG C at night, pours 1-2 times small water after fallen leaves to before blooming, and keeps in canopy
Higher soil moisture and relative air humidity forbid broad irrigation to cause root anoxic and injure tree body；
B, duration of flowering Temperature and Humidity Control: duration of flowering 23 DEG C of highest on temperature of shed daytime of control, minimum 8 DEG C of night；Flower
Phase relative humidity controls between 50%-70%；
C, fruit development period Temperature and Humidity Control: fruit development day temperature early period is 23-25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 10-12
℃；Fruit development later period day temperature is 26-28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 12-14 DEG C；
(6) it artificially feed and carbon dioxide fertilization: since mid or late October flowering stage, is mended using plant growth lamp
Light, while applying carbon dioxide suspender belt fertilizer；
A, light filling: light compensating lamp 40-60 of 60-100W are arranged per acre, is located above tree body at 1-1.5m, mends at dusk daily
Light 3-5h, when the insufficient adverse weather of the illumination such as overcast and rainy haze, daytime whole day light filling, light filling is continued until fruit maturation；
B, it applies carbon dioxide suspender belt fertilizer: applying 10-20 bags of carbon dioxide fertilizer per acre, be hung on above tree body at 1-1.5m, apply
Uptake is opened when canopy domestic demand is aeration-cooling after carbon dioxide suspender belt fertilizer, does not open bottom wind and waist wind；
(7) harvesting listing
Rear 80-90d, i.e. fruit maturation during early Febuary late January-are spent, is listed after being harvested.
As a further solution of the present invention: the foliar fertilizer one includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the 0.2- of 0.2-0.4%
0.4% boric acid, the sucrose of 0.2-0.4%, 0.05-0.1% urea, 600-1000 times of amino-acid trace element fertilizer and
The agricultural organosilicon of 0.05-0.1%.
As a further solution of the present invention: the chemicals for breaking dormancy one includes the nitric acid of the cyanamide of 0.5-0.8%, 3-5%
The agricultural organosilicon of potassium and 0.05-0.1%.
As a further solution of the present invention: the chemicals for breaking dormancy two includes gibberellin, the 100-150ppm of 100-150ppm
6- benzyl aminoadenine, the urea of 3-5%, the boric acid of 0.2-0.3% and 0.05-0.1% agricultural organosilicon.
As a further solution of the present invention: it includes the gibberellin of 60-100ppm, 10-15ppm that the fruit setting, which promotees branch agent,
Methyl α-naphthyl acetate, the boric acid of 0.2-0.3%, the sucrose of 0.2-0.3%, the urea of 0.3-0.5% and 0.05-0.1% it is agricultural organic
Silicon.
As further scheme of the invention: the foliar fertilizer two includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the 0.2- of 0.2-0.4%
0.4% urea, sucrose, 600-1000 times of amino-acid trace element fertilizer and the agricultural of 0.05-0.1% of 0.2-0.4% have
Machine silicon.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention has the characteristics that applicable variety range wide, strong operability, regulation is accurate, increasing benefit is high, be suitable for
It is applied in the facility Forcing cultivation of the mid-early maturity peach in production within most chilling requirement 700h at present, to other northern fruit trees
Adjusting the maturity period also has good directive significance, makes facility peach pole early ripe, lists before year, can meet Spring Festival consumption market
And sightseeing picking demand, selling price are several times or even ten times or more of four Mays listing peach price, increasing benefit is extremely aobvious
It writes.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution of the patent is explained in further detail With reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of facility peach is not necessarily to cold cultural method, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) promote bud differentiation sufficiently full in advance: it is to realize facility that guarantee bud differentiation is sufficiently full before It is the end of summer, just turning into autumn
Peach is not necessarily to the basis that lists before cold grower's year, at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April, when peach branch grows to 15cm, by spraying control medicament,
Control nitrogen control water imposes bud differentiation fertilizer, foliage application, trims sparse branching and pest and disease damage prevents in time to control facility peach nutrition life
Long, promotion bud differentiation；
A, medicament controls: starting from early May, foliage-spray 1000ppm paclobutrazol, every 20d spray is primary, even spray 3 times, every time
Spray value is 60kg per acre, finally by branch length control within 50cm；
B, nitrogen control water: strict control nitrogenous fertilizer increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer during bud differentiation is controlled, control watering keeps soil moderately dry
Drought controls nutrient growth, promotes bud differentiation；
C, it imposes bud differentiation fertilizer: imposing a bud differentiation fertilizer mid-May, impose the potassium sulfate type based on phosphate fertilizer per acre
Ternary compound fertilizer 30kg, ditch spread, fertilization depth 20cm water in time after fertilising；
D, foliage application: start every 15d from early May and spray a foliar fertilizer one, foliar fertilizer one includes 0.3% di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium, 0.2% boric acid, 0.2% sucrose, 0.1% urea, 600 times of amino-acid trace element are fertile and 0.05% is agricultural has
Machine silicon, per acre dose 75kg；
E, it trims sparse branching: carries out 1 trimming during bud differentiation, trim mode is based on sparse branching, not cutting back as far as possible, holding
Optical path is penetrating, avoids the overstocked mutual shade of branch, influences bud differentiation；
F, pest and disease damage prevents in time: timely pre- preventing disease and pest keeps fallen leaves front vane function good；
G, basal dressing: late August applies base manure, applies 10m per acre3The ternary compound fertilizer of abundant well-rotted farmyard manure and 40kg；
(2) spray nutritional agents is protected from light close plastic shed fallen leaves: by the end of August at the beginning of September, opening canopy film air port up and down, puts down straw screen or mat and be protected from light close plastic shed
20d promotes to fall leaves, the urea of foliage-spray 5% before close plastic shed, not only improves and quickly absorbs nutrition, and is conducive to promote to fall leaves, bored
Canopy opens part straw screen or mat ventilation drying during falling leaves at night, is trimmed immediately after fallen leaves；
(3) spray chemicals for breaking dormancy promotees to bloom: without the accumulation of chilling requirement after mid or late September fallen leaves trimming, directly spraying brokenly dormancy
Agent promotes peach to enter next round growth and development；
A, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy one: first spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy one after fallen leaves trimming in 1d, chemicals for breaking dormancy one include 0.5% cyanamide,
3% potassium nitrate and 0.05% agricultural organosilicon, spray value 75kg per acre, 12d bud starts to expand after spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy one,
Start to bloom after 30d；
B, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy two: bud sprays chemicals for breaking dormancy two before expanding, and chemicals for breaking dormancy two includes gibberellin, the 100ppm of 100ppm
6- benzyl aminoadenine, 3% urea, 0.2% boric acid and 0.05% agricultural organosilicon, spray value 45kg per acre；
(4) spray seat fruit, which promotees branch agent, prevents secondary dormancy:
A, artificial pollination: late October enters flowering stage, and full canopy covers black mulch film before blooming, and is conducive to improve the mild control in ground
Humidity processed, florescence Pollination Modes are mainly artificial pollination, and every 1d pollination is primary, and pollination time is between 9:00-15:00；
B, spray fruit setting and promote branch agent: full-bloom stage, which sprays fruit setting rush branch agent, prevents secondary dormancy, and it includes 60ppm that fruit setting, which promotees branch agent,
Gibberellin, 10ppm methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 0.2% boric acid, 0.3% sucrose, 0.3% urea and 0.05% agricultural organosilicon, often
Mu spray value 60kg；
C, flower thinning: full-bloom stage presses 3 times of progress flower thinnings of reserved fruit amount, and long fruit branch, which stays, spends 6, and medium fruit branch, which stays, spends 3, short fruit
Branch, which stays, spends 2, and bouquet shape fruit branch is stayed less or do not stayed, and stays flower under branch middle and upper part and back, is conducive to fruit setting；
D, fruit thinning: Hua Hou 20 days, i.e. mid or late November, young fruit is in de- trousers phase niblet size, by 2 times of reserved fruit amount
Fruit thinning is carried out, long fruit branch stays fruit 3, and medium fruit branch stays fruit 2, and fruit spur stays fruit 1, and bouquet shape fruit branch stays fruit 1 or do not stay, and goes
Except sick, weak, small, malformed fruit, young fruit expanding stage imposes the once ternary compound fertilizer 40kg based on nitrogenous fertilizer per acre, pours after fertilising small
Water；
E, determine fruit: Hua Hou 50 days, i.e. mid-December carry out determining fruit before fruit stone, and 20d is imposed per acre before fruit maturation
The once ternary compound fertilizer 40kg based on potash fertilizer, pours small water after fertilising；
F, spray foliar fertilizer: the every 15d of fruit development period sprays a foliar fertilizer two, and foliar fertilizer two includes 0.3% biphosphate
Potassium, 0.3% urea, 0.2% sucrose, 600 times amino-acid trace element fertilizer and 0.05% agricultural organosilicon, apply per acre
Fertilizer amount is 60kg；
(5) temperature and humidity Reasonable Regulation And Control:
A, after fallen leaves to before blooming Temperature and Humidity Control: after fallen leaves in two weeks maximum temperature on daytime be 25 DEG C；It blooms the last fortnight
Interior maximum temperature on daytime is 22 DEG C, minimum 7 DEG C of nocturnal temperature, before avoiding spending temperature it is excessively high and cause " first Ye Houhua " phenomenon and
The normal development of pollen activity and ovule blastular is influenced, pours 1 small water after fallen leaves to before blooming, keeps higher soil moisture in canopy
And relative air humidity, forbid broad irrigation to cause root anoxic and injure tree body；
B, duration of flowering Temperature and Humidity Control: duration of flowering control temperature of shed daytime be 22 DEG C, night be 8 DEG C, temperature mistake
It is high that pollen inactivation, ovule Embryo Sac Development is easily caused to be obstructed；Florescence relative humidity 50%, the too low column cap of humidity is done too fast, unfavorable
It is stained in pollen and falls and sprout, humidity is too high to be unfavorable for loose powder；
C, fruit development period Temperature and Humidity Control: fruit development day temperature early period is 24 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 11 DEG C；Fruit
Development later stage day temperature is 26 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 13 DEG C；
(6) it artificially feed and carbon dioxide fertilization: since mid or late October flowering stage, is mended using plant growth lamp
Light, while applying carbon dioxide suspender belt fertilizer；
A, light filling: being arranged light compensating lamp 60 of 60W per acre, is located above tree body at 1.5m, and daily dusk light filling 5h is overcast and rainy
When the insufficient adverse weather of the illumination such as haze, daytime whole day light filling, light filling is continued until fruit maturation；
B, it applies carbon dioxide suspender belt fertilizer: applying 10 bags of carbon dioxide fertilizer per acre, be hung on above tree body at 1m, apply carbon dioxide
Uptake is opened when canopy domestic demand is aeration-cooling after suspender belt fertilizer, does not open bottom wind and waist wind, prevents from influencing fertilizer efficiency and temperature decrease to fruit
It is unfavorable to develop；
(7) harvesting listing
Rear 80d, i.e. fruit maturation during early Febuary late January-are spent, is listed after being harvested.
Embodiment 2
In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of facility peach is not necessarily to cold cultural method, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) promote bud differentiation sufficiently full in advance: it is to realize facility that guarantee bud differentiation is sufficiently full before It is the end of summer, just turning into autumn
Peach is not necessarily to the basis that lists before cold grower's year, at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April, when peach branch grows to 25cm, by spraying control medicament,
Control nitrogen control water imposes bud differentiation fertilizer, foliage application, trims sparse branching and pest and disease damage prevents in time to control facility peach nutrition life
Long, promotion bud differentiation；
A, medicament controls: starting from early May, the uniconazole P of foliage-spray 300ppm, every 25d spray is primary, even spray 3 times, often
Secondary spray value per acre is 75kg, finally by branch length control within 50cm；
B, nitrogen control water: strict control nitrogenous fertilizer increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer during bud differentiation is controlled, control watering keeps soil moderately dry
Drought controls nutrient growth, promotes bud differentiation；
C, it imposes bud differentiation fertilizer: imposing a bud differentiation fertilizer mid-May, impose the potassium sulfate type based on phosphate fertilizer per acre
Ternary compound fertilizer 40kg, ditch spread, fertilization depth 25cm water in time after fertilising；
D, foliage application: start every 20d from early May and spray a foliar fertilizer one, foliar fertilizer one includes 0.3% di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium, 0.3% boric acid, 0.3% sucrose, 0.1% urea, 800 times of amino-acid trace element are fertile and 0.08% is agricultural has
Machine silicon, per acre dose 75kg；
E, it trims sparse branching: carries out 2 trimmings during bud differentiation, trim mode is based on sparse branching, not cutting back as far as possible, holding
Optical path is penetrating, avoids the overstocked mutual shade of branch, influences bud differentiation；
F, pest and disease damage prevents in time: timely pre- preventing disease and pest keeps fallen leaves front vane function good；
G, basal dressing: late August applies base manure, applies 15m per acre3The ternary compound fertilizer of abundant well-rotted farmyard manure and 45kg；
(2) spray nutritional agents is protected from light close plastic shed fallen leaves: by the end of August at the beginning of September, opening canopy film air port up and down, puts down straw screen or mat and be protected from light close plastic shed
18d promotes to fall leaves, the urea of foliage-spray 6% before close plastic shed, not only improves and quickly absorbs nutrition, and is conducive to promote to fall leaves, bored
Canopy opens part straw screen or mat ventilation drying during falling leaves at night, is trimmed immediately after fallen leaves；
(3) spray chemicals for breaking dormancy promotees to bloom: without the accumulation of chilling requirement after mid or late September fallen leaves trimming, directly spraying brokenly dormancy
Agent promotes peach to enter next round growth and development；
A, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy one: first spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy one after fallen leaves trimming in 2d, chemicals for breaking dormancy one include 0.6% cyanamide,
4% potassium nitrate and 0.08% agricultural organosilicon, spray value 60kg per acre, 10d bud starts to expand after spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy one,
Start to bloom after 30d；
B, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy two: bud sprays chemicals for breaking dormancy two before expanding, and chemicals for breaking dormancy two includes gibberellin, the 120ppm of 120ppm
6- benzyl aminoadenine, 4% urea, 0.2% boric acid and 0.08% agricultural organosilicon, spray value 60kg per acre；
(4) spray seat fruit, which promotees branch agent, prevents secondary dormancy:
A, artificial pollination: late October enters flowering stage, and full canopy covers black mulch film before blooming, and is conducive to improve the mild control in ground
Humidity processed, florescence Pollination Modes are mainly artificial pollination, and every 2d pollination is primary, and pollination time is between 9:00-15:00；
B, spray fruit setting and promote branch agent: full-bloom stage, which sprays fruit setting rush branch agent, prevents secondary dormancy, and it includes 80ppm that fruit setting, which promotees branch agent,
Gibberellin, 12ppm methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 0.3% boric acid, 0.3% urea and 0.08% agricultural organosilicon, spray value per acre
60kg；
C, flower thinning: full-bloom stage presses 3 times of progress flower thinnings of reserved fruit amount, and long fruit branch, which stays, spends 7, and medium fruit branch, which stays, spends 4, short fruit
Branch, which stays, spends 3, and bouquet shape fruit branch is stayed less or do not stayed, and stays flower under branch middle and upper part and back, is conducive to fruit setting；
D, fruit thinning: Hua Hou 20 days, i.e. mid or late November, young fruit is in de- trousers phase niblet size, by 2 times of reserved fruit amount
Fruit thinning is carried out, long fruit branch stays fruit 4, and medium fruit branch stays fruit 2, and fruit spur stays fruit 1, and bouquet shape fruit branch stays fruit 1 or do not stay, and goes
Except sick, weak, small, malformed fruit, young fruit expanding stage imposes the once ternary compound fertilizer 35kg based on nitrogenous fertilizer per acre, pours after fertilising small
Water；
E, determine fruit: Hua Hou 55 days, i.e. mid or late December carry out determining fruit before fruit stone, and 20d is chased after per acre before fruit maturation
The ternary compound fertilizer 35kg once based on potash fertilizer is applied, small water is poured after fertilising；
F, spray foliar fertilizer: the every 20d of fruit development period sprays a foliar fertilizer two, and foliar fertilizer two includes 0.3% biphosphate
Potassium, 0.3% urea, 0.3% sucrose, 800 times amino-acid trace element fertilizer and 0.08% agricultural organosilicon, apply per acre
Fertilizer amount is 60kg；
(5) temperature and humidity Reasonable Regulation And Control:
A, after fallen leaves to before blooming Temperature and Humidity Control: day temperature is up to 24 DEG C in two weeks after fallen leaves；It blooms the last fortnight
Interior day temperature is up to 20 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 7 DEG C, avoids spending preceding temperature excessively high and causing " first Ye Houhua " phenomenon and influence
2 small water are poured in the normal development of pollen activity and ovule blastular after fallen leaves to before blooming, and keep higher soil moisture and sky in canopy
Gas relative humidity forbids broad irrigation to cause root anoxic and injure tree body；
B, duration of flowering Temperature and Humidity Control: it is 22 DEG C that duration of flowering, which controls maximum temperature on daytime in canopy, night minimum temperature
It is 10 DEG C, temperature is excessively high easily to cause pollen inactivation, ovule Embryo Sac Development to be obstructed；Florescence relative humidity is 60%, the too low column of humidity
Dry too fast of head is unfavorable for pollen and is stained with falling and sprouting, and humidity is too high to be unfavorable for loose powder；
C, fruit development period Temperature and Humidity Control: fruit development day temperature early period is 24 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 11 DEG C；Fruit
Development later stage day temperature is 27 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 13 DEG C；
(6) it artificially feed and carbon dioxide fertilization: since mid or late October flowering stage, is mended using plant growth lamp
Light, while applying carbon dioxide suspender belt fertilizer；
A, light filling: being arranged light compensating lamp 50 of 80W per acre, is located above tree body at 1.5m, and daily dusk light filling 5h is overcast and rainy
When the insufficient adverse weather of the illumination such as haze, daytime whole day light filling, light filling is continued until fruit maturation；
B, it applies carbon dioxide suspender belt fertilizer: applying 15 bags of carbon dioxide fertilizer per acre, be hung on above tree body at 1m, apply carbon dioxide
Uptake is opened when canopy domestic demand is aeration-cooling after suspender belt fertilizer, does not open bottom wind and waist wind, prevents from influencing fertilizer efficiency and temperature decrease to fruit
It is unfavorable to develop；
(7) harvesting listing
Rear 85d, i.e. fruit maturation during early Febuary late January-are spent, is listed after being harvested.
Embodiment 3
In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of facility peach is not necessarily to cold cultural method, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) promote bud differentiation sufficiently full in advance: it is to realize facility that guarantee bud differentiation is sufficiently full before It is the end of summer, just turning into autumn
Peach is not necessarily to the basis that lists before cold grower's year, at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April, when peach branch grows to 20cm, by spraying control medicament,
Control nitrogen control water imposes bud differentiation fertilizer, foliage application, trims sparse branching and pest and disease damage prevents in time to control facility peach nutrition life
Long, promotion bud differentiation；
A, medicament controls: starting from early May, 150 times of PBO of foliage-spray, every 30d spray is primary, even spray 3 times, every time per acre
Spray value is 75kg, finally by branch length control within 50cm；
B, nitrogen control water: strict control nitrogenous fertilizer increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer during bud differentiation is controlled, control watering keeps soil moderately dry
Drought controls nutrient growth, promotes bud differentiation；
C, it imposes bud differentiation fertilizer: imposing a bud differentiation fertilizer mid-May, impose the sulfuric acid based on phosphate fertilizer per acre every time
Potassium type ternary compound fertilizer 50kg, cave are applied, and fertilization depth 30cm waters in time after fertilising；
D, foliage application: start every 20d from early May and spray a foliar fertilizer one, foliar fertilizer one includes 0.3% di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium, 0.2% boric acid, 0.3% sucrose, 0.1% urea, 1000 times of amino-acid trace element are fertile and 0.1% is agricultural has
Machine silicon, per acre dose 75kg；
E, it trims sparse branching: carries out 2 trimmings during bud differentiation, trim mode is based on sparse branching, not cutting back as far as possible, holding
Optical path is penetrating, avoids the overstocked mutual shade of branch, influences bud differentiation；
F, pest and disease damage prevents in time: timely pre- preventing disease and pest keeps fallen leaves front vane function good；
G, basal dressing: late August applies base manure, applies 20m per acre3The ternary compound fertilizer of abundant well-rotted farmyard manure and 50kg；
(2) spray nutritional agents is protected from light close plastic shed fallen leaves: by the end of August at the beginning of September, opening canopy film air port up and down, puts down straw screen or mat and be protected from light close plastic shed
15d promotes to fall leaves, the urea of foliage-spray 7% before close plastic shed, not only improves and quickly absorbs nutrition, and is conducive to promote to fall leaves, bored
Canopy opens part straw screen or mat ventilation drying during falling leaves at night, is trimmed immediately after fallen leaves；
(3) spray chemicals for breaking dormancy promotees to bloom: without the accumulation of chilling requirement after mid or late September fallen leaves trimming, directly spraying brokenly dormancy
Agent promotes peach to enter next round growth and development；
A, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy one: first spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy one after fallen leaves trimming in 3d, chemicals for breaking dormancy one include 0.8% cyanamide,
5% potassium nitrate and 0.1% agricultural organosilicon, spray value 60kg per acre, 10d bud starts to expand after spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy one,
Start to bloom after 28d；
B, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy two: bud sprays chemicals for breaking dormancy two before expanding, and chemicals for breaking dormancy two includes gibberellin, the 150ppm of 150ppm
6- benzyl aminoadenine, 5% urea, 0.3% boric acid and 0.1% agricultural organosilicon, spray value 60kg per acre；
(4) spray seat fruit, which promotees branch agent, prevents secondary dormancy:
A, artificial pollination: late October enters flowering stage, and full canopy covers black mulch film before blooming, and is conducive to improve the mild control in ground
Humidity processed, florescence Pollination Modes are mainly artificial pollination, and every 2d pollination is primary, and pollination time is between 9:00-15:00；
B, spray fruit setting and promote branch agent: full-bloom stage, which sprays fruit setting rush branch agent, prevents secondary dormancy, and fruit setting promotees branch agent and includes
The gibberellin of 100ppm, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 15ppm, 0.2% boric acid, 0.3% sucrose, 0.3% urea and 0.1% it is agricultural organic
Silicon, per acre spray value 60kg；
C, flower thinning: full-bloom stage presses 3 times of progress flower thinnings of reserved fruit amount, and long fruit branch, which stays, spends 8, and medium fruit branch, which stays, spends 5, short fruit
Branch, which stays, spends 3, and bouquet shape fruit branch is stayed less or do not stayed, and stays flower under branch middle and upper part and back, is conducive to fruit setting；
D, fruit thinning: Hua Hou 25 days, i.e. mid or late November, young fruit is in de- trousers phase niblet size, by 2 times of reserved fruit amount
Fruit thinning is carried out, long fruit branch stays fruit 5, and medium fruit branch stays fruit 3, and fruit spur stays fruit 2, and bouquet shape fruit branch stays fruit 1 or do not stay, and goes
Except sick, weak, small, malformed fruit, young fruit expanding stage imposes the once ternary compound fertilizer 40kg based on nitrogenous fertilizer per acre, pours after fertilising small
Water；
E, determine fruit: Hua Hou 60 days, i.e. late December carry out determining fruit before fruit stone, and 20d is imposed per acre before fruit maturation
The once ternary compound fertilizer 50kg based on potash fertilizer, pours small water after fertilising；
F, spray foliar fertilizer: the every 15d of fruit development period sprays a foliar fertilizer two, and foliar fertilizer two includes 0.3% biphosphate
Potassium, 0.2% urea, 0.2% sucrose, 1000 times amino-acid trace element fertilizer and 0.1% agricultural organosilicon, apply per acre
Fertilizer amount is 60kg；
(5) temperature and humidity Reasonable Regulation And Control:
A, after fallen leaves to before blooming Temperature and Humidity Control: after fallen leaves in two weeks maximum temperature on daytime be 23 DEG C；It blooms the last fortnight
Interior day temperature is 20 DEG C, and evening temperature is 7 DEG C, avoids spending preceding temperature excessively high and causing " first Ye Houhua " phenomenon and influence pollen
2 small water are poured in the normal development of vigor and ovule blastular after fallen leaves to before blooming, and keep higher soil moisture and air phase in canopy
To humidity, broad irrigation is forbidden to cause root anoxic and injure tree body；
B, duration of flowering Temperature and Humidity Control: duration of flowering control temperature of shed daytime be 21 DEG C, nocturnal temperature be 10 DEG C, temperature
Spending height easily causes pollen inactivation, ovule Embryo Sac Development to be obstructed；Florescence relative humidity is 70%, and the too low column cap of humidity is dry too
Fastly, it is unfavorable for pollen and is stained with falling and sprouting, humidity is too high to be unfavorable for loose powder；
C, fruit development period Temperature and Humidity Control: fruit development day temperature early period is up to 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is minimum
11℃；Fruit development later period day temperature is up to 28 DEG C, and minimum 14 DEG C of nocturnal temperature；
(6) it artificially feed and carbon dioxide fertilization: since mid or late October flowering stage, is mended using plant growth lamp
Light, while applying carbon dioxide suspender belt fertilizer；
A, light filling: being arranged light compensating lamp 40 of 100W per acre, is located above tree body at 1.5m, daily dusk light filling 5h, yin
When the insufficient adverse weather of the illumination such as misty rain haze, daytime whole day light filling, light filling is continued until fruit maturation；
B, it applies carbon dioxide suspender belt fertilizer: applying 20 bags of carbon dioxide fertilizer per acre, be hung on above tree body at 1.2m, apply titanium dioxide
Uptake is opened when canopy domestic demand is aeration-cooling after carbon suspender belt fertilizer, does not open bottom wind and waist wind, prevents from influencing fertilizer efficiency and temperature decrease to fruit
Real development is unfavorable；
(7) harvesting listing
Rear 90d, i.e. fruit maturation during early Febuary late January-are spent, is listed after being harvested.
The present invention has the characteristics that applicable variety range wide, strong operability, regulation is accurate, increasing benefit is high, be suitable for
It is applied in the facility Forcing cultivation of the mid-early maturity peach in production within most chilling requirement 700h at present, to other northern fruit trees
Adjusting the maturity period also has good directive significance, makes facility peach pole early ripe, lists before year, can meet Spring Festival consumption market
And sightseeing picking demand, selling price are several times or even ten times or more of four Mays listing peach price, increasing benefit is extremely aobvious
It writes.
The preferred embodiment of the patent is described in detail above, but this patent is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment party
Formula within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art can also be under the premise of not departing from this patent objective
Various changes can be made.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of facility peach is not necessarily to cold cultural method, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
(1) promote bud differentiation sufficiently full in advance: at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April, when peach branch grows to 15-20cm, by spraying
Control medicament, control nitrogen control water impose bud differentiation fertilizer, foliage application, trim sparse branching and pest and disease damage and prevent in time to control facility peach
Nutrient growth promotes bud differentiation；
A, medicament controls: starting from early May, foliage-spray 1000-2000ppm paclobutrazol, 200-400ppm uniconazole P or 100-
One of 150 times of liquid PBO, every 20-30d spray is primary, and even spray 2-4 times, spray value is 60-75kg per acre every time, finally by branch
The control of length is within 50cm；
B, control nitrogen control water: strict control nitrogenous fertilizer, control watering, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer during bud differentiation keep soil appropriateness arid,
Nutrient growth is controlled, bud differentiation is promoted；
C, it imposes bud differentiation fertilizer: imposing a bud differentiation fertilizer mid-May, impose the potassium sulphate type ternary based on phosphate fertilizer per acre
Compound fertilizer 30-50kg, ditch spread or cave are applied, and fertilization depth 20-30cm waters in time after fertilising；
D, foliage application: start every 15-20d from early May and spray a foliar fertilizer one, per acre dose 45-60kg；The blade face
Fertilizer one comprising the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2-0.4%, the boric acid of 0.2-0.4%, the sucrose of 0.2-0.4%, 0.05-0.1% urea,
600-1000 times of the agricultural organosilicon of amino-acid trace element fertilizer and 0.05-0.1%；
E, it trims sparse branching: carrying out 1-2 trimming during bud differentiation, keep optical path penetrating, avoid the overstocked mutual shade of branch, shadow
Ring bud differentiation；
F, pest and disease damage prevents in time: timely pre- preventing disease and pest keeps fallen leaves front vane function good；
G, basal dressing: late August applies base manure, applies the tri compound of 10-20m3 abundant well-rotted farmyard manure and 40-50kg per acre
Fertilizer；
(2) spray nutritional agents is protected from light close plastic shed fallen leaves: by the end of August at the beginning of September, opening canopy film air port up and down, puts down straw screen or mat and be protected from light close plastic shed 15-
20d promotes to fall leaves, the urea of foliage-spray 5-7% before close plastic shed, and close plastic shed opens part straw screen or mat ventilation drying during falling leaves at night, falls
It is trimmed immediately after leaf；
(3) spray chemicals for breaking dormancy promotees to bloom: without the accumulation of chilling requirement after mid or late September fallen leaves trimming, directly spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy rush
Peach is set to enter next round growth and development；
A, it sprays chemicals for breaking dormancy one: first spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy one in 1-3d after fallen leaves trimming, spray value 45-60kg, sprays chemicals for breaking dormancy per acre
10-12d bud starts to expand after one, starts to bloom after 28-30d；
B, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy two: bud sprays chemicals for breaking dormancy two before expanding, per acre spray value 45-60kg；
(4) spray seat fruit, which promotees branch agent, prevents secondary dormancy:
A, artificial pollination: late October enters flowering stage, and full canopy covers black mulch film before blooming, and florescence Pollination Modes are manually to award
Powder, every 1-2d pollination is primary, and pollination time is between 9:00-15:00；
B, spray fruit setting and promote branch agent: full-bloom stage, which sprays fruit setting rush branch agent, prevents secondary dormancy, per acre spray value 45-60kg；It is described
It includes the gibberellin of 60-100ppm, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 10-15ppm, the urea of 0.3-0.5%, 0.2-0.3% that fruit setting, which promotees branch agent,
The agricultural organosilicon of boric acid, the sucrose of 0.2-0.3% and 0.05-0.1%；
C, flower thinning: full-bloom stage presses 3 times of progress flower thinnings of reserved fruit amount, and long fruit branch stays colored 6-8, and medium fruit branch stays colored 3-5, short fruit
Branch stays colored 2-3, and bouquet shape fruit branch is stayed less or do not stayed, and stays flower under branch middle and upper part and back；
D, fruit thinning: Hua Hou 20-25 days, i.e. mid or late November, young fruit is in de- trousers phase niblet size, by 2 times of reserved fruit amount
Carry out fruit thinning, long fruit branch stays fruit 3-5, and medium fruit branch stays fruit 2-3, and fruit spur stays fruit 1-2, bouquet shape fruit branch stay fruit 1 or
It not staying, removes sick, weak, small, malformed fruit, young fruit expanding stage imposes the once ternary compound fertilizer 30-40kg based on nitrogenous fertilizer per acre,
Small water is poured after fertilising；
E, determine fruit: Hua Hou 50-60 days, i.e. mid or late December carry out determining fruit before fruit stone, and 18-22d is per acre before fruit maturation
The ternary compound fertilizer 30-40kg once based on potash fertilizer is imposed, small water is poured after fertilising；
F, spray foliar fertilizer: the every 14-16d of fruit development period sprays a foliar fertilizer two, and spray value is 45-60kg per acre；The blade face
Fertilizer two includes the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2-0.4%, the urea of 0.2-0.4%, the sucrose of 0.2-0.4%, 600-1000 times of ammonia
The agricultural organosilicon of base acid trace element fertilizer and 0.05-0.1%；
(5) temperature and humidity Reasonable Regulation And Control:
A, after fallen leaves to before blooming Temperature and Humidity Control: after fallen leaves in two weeks maximum temperature on daytime be no more than 25 DEG C；It blooms the last fortnight
Interior maximum temperature on daytime is no more than 22 DEG C, is not less than 7 DEG C at night, pours 1-2 times small water after fallen leaves to before blooming, and keeps higher in canopy
Soil moisture and relative air humidity forbid broad irrigation to cause root anoxic and injure tree body；
B, duration of flowering Temperature and Humidity Control: duration of flowering 23 DEG C of highest on temperature of shed daytime of control, minimum 8 DEG C of night；Florescence phase
To humid control between 50%-70%；
C, fruit development period Temperature and Humidity Control: fruit development day temperature early period is 23-25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 10-12 DEG C；Fruit
Real development later stage day temperature is 26-28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 12-14 DEG C；
(6) artificially feed and carbon dioxide fertilization: since mid or late October flowering stage, carrying out light filling using plant growth lamp,
Carbon dioxide suspender belt fertilizer is applied simultaneously；
A, light filling: light compensating lamp 40-60 of 60-100W are arranged per acre, is located above tree body at 1-1.5m, daily dusk light filling 3-
5h, when the insufficient adverse weather of overcast and rainy haze illumination, daytime whole day light filling, light filling is continued until fruit maturation；
B, it applies carbon dioxide suspender belt fertilizer: applying 10-20 bags of carbon dioxide fertilizer per acre, be hung on above tree body at 1-1.2m, apply dioxy
Uptake is opened when canopy domestic demand is aeration-cooling after change carbon suspender belt fertilizer, does not open bottom wind and waist wind；
(7) harvesting listing
Rear 80-90d, i.e. fruit maturation during early Febuary late January-are spent, is listed after being harvested；
The chemicals for breaking dormancy one includes cyanamide, the potassium nitrate of 3-5% and the agricultural organosilicon of 0.05-0.1% of 0.5-0.8%；
The chemicals for breaking dormancy two include the gibberellin of 100-150ppm, the 6- benzyl aminoadenine of 100-150ppm, 3-5% urea,
The boric acid of 0.2-0.3% and the agricultural organosilicon of 0.05-0.1%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410804640.8A CN104429783B (en) | 2014-12-13 | 2014-12-13 | A kind of facility peach is not necessarily to cold cultural method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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| CN106613419A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-05-10 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for adjusting mature period of peach fruit |
| CN106804369A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-06-09 | 云南核度生物产业发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of temperate zone deciduous fruit tree in subtropical zone |
| CN107580935A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-01-16 | 安徽梦雅黄桃种植有限公司 | A kind of method for increasing yellow peach fruit-setting rate |
| CN107820907A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-03-23 | 张家界富硒农业发展有限公司 | A kind of method for improving peach fruit-setting rate |
| CN108651129B (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2021-04-20 | 唐山南唐农业科技有限公司 | Non-dormancy treatment method for peaches in sunlight greenhouse |
| CN110870432B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2022-06-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating nectarines on semi-fixed sand-blown soil |
| CN109526522B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-12-11 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Efficient nectarine cultivation method adopting intelligent facilities |
| CN112067746B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-11-08 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Method for measuring cold demand of peaches by living body |
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