CN101720646A - Forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave - Google Patents
Forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave Download PDFInfo
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- CN101720646A CN101720646A CN200910220657A CN200910220657A CN101720646A CN 101720646 A CN101720646 A CN 101720646A CN 200910220657 A CN200910220657 A CN 200910220657A CN 200910220657 A CN200910220657 A CN 200910220657A CN 101720646 A CN101720646 A CN 101720646A
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Abstract
The invention provides a forced dormancy culture method for peach with leaves, which comprises the following steps of: spraying a somnifacient to a peach tree so that the peach with leaves enters dormancy; then carrying out artificial four-section temperature change and reduction processing of the peach with leaves; supplementing illumination by an illumination supplementing lamp during temperature reduction; spraying a dormancy breaking agent to the peach tree when the final reduced temperature is reached so that the peach tree is released from the dormancy; after the dormancy is broken out, leading the peach tree to grow by embedding and covering a straw on a soil layer of the root of the peach tree to be used as a temperature booster and fermenting to maintain the temperature of the soil layer to be more than 10 DEG C; and carrying out illumination supplementation by the illumination supplementing lamp from a peach tree sprouting period to a fruit coloring period. By the steps of spraying the somnifacient to a peach tree plant, artificially cooling the peach with leaves, spraying the dormancy breaking agent, artificially supplementing illumination in the cooling period, heating by a biological temperature booster and carrying out artificial illumination supplementation processing in the growing and developing period, the peach can be ripe in the period of the Spring Festival by the method. The invention has the characteristics of obvious effect, convenient implementation, accurate adjustment and control and high operability and is suitable for being used for controlling the culture of the ripe period of the peach and other fruits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of agriculture field fruit tree, specifically forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave.
Background technology
The facility cultivation of peach is the important form that peach produces, and has vast potential for future development, but conventional facility cultivation peach fruit mainly concentrates on ripe listing in 4～May, can only advance to late March the earliest, lacks bright peach supply during the Spring Festival.
At present, be used to adjust the universal method of fruit tree fructescence and be, in outdoor cooling naturally, leaf comes off naturally, enters resting stage, and plastic covering booth on fruit tree then makes the fruit tree breaking dormancy by the temperature of booth, makes its germination, grows and yields positive results.Because adopt nature cooling dormancy method, dormancy is not thorough, behind the breaking dormancy, flower bud development is not full, and influence is bloomed and beared fruit, and fruit is not of uniform size, influences maturing stage and economy.Therefore, be subjected to climatic influences easily and cause fruiting period indefinite, yield poorly poor quality.
In order to make fruit tree in time enter resting stage, the employing that has sprays dormancy agent on fruit tree, but because the composition effect is uncertain, thereby effect is also obvious not to the utmost, add the uncertainty and the problem that is difficult to control and regulate of greenhouse temperature, also often do not reach the problem of accurate setting fructescence.
Summary of the invention
Sleep and the setting fructescence with broken in order to control the peach dormancy, the present invention proposes forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave.This method is by spraying hypnotic and chemicals for breaking dormancy to peach, lower the temperature simultaneously and heat and adjust illumination, solves the technical problem that the peach maturing stage sets.
The scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is adopted is:
1, sprays hypnotic
According to the peach bud developmental state, when bud and branch angle reach 50～70 ℃ in the middle part of the branch, spray hypnotic.
Hypnotic prescription: in every premium on currency, add 10～20 gram urea, 0.3～0.6 gram tween, add abscisic acid again, make abscisic acid concentration reach 50～200 μ mol, be mixed with the hypnotic aqueous solution.
When spraying hypnotic, spray 0.1～0.2 kilogram of hypnotic aqueous solution by every strain peach.
2, band leaf artificial hypothermia
When spraying hypnotic, peach is carried out the plastic tunnel protection, peach is grown in the greenhouse, and the open cold blower fan is set four sections alternating temperature coolings of body band leaf processing.
First section: reduced to 17 ℃ from 20 ℃ on the 1st～5 day;
Second section: reduced to 12 ℃ from 17 ℃ on the 6th～10 day;
The 3rd section: reduced to 6 ℃ from 12 ℃ on the 11st～15 day, and forced peach to enter deep-sleep.
The 4th section: treat that the peach dormancy degree of depth reaches the darkest, the 13rd～17 effective low temperature accumulation after cooling is handled reaches 3/2/3rds to four o'clock of peach chilling requirement and stops the cooling processing, with temperature adjusting to 2.1～7.2 ℃.
3, the artificial light filling of cooldown period
In through four sections alternating temperature cooling processing procedures, also to keep blade simultaneously and carry out the artificial light filling of light filling lamp the tree body, light filling intensity is 40～100 μ mol.m
-2S
-1
Stop light filling when temperature in the greenhouse is reduced to 12 ℃, the light filling time is 6～18 o'clock of every day.
4, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy
After the peach cooling is finished, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, make the peach breaking dormancy.
When spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy, spray the 0.1-0.2 kilogram chemicals for breaking dormancy aqueous solution by every strain peach.
Chemicals for breaking dormancy prescription: in every premium on currency, add 2～8 gram cyanamides, 3～6 gram potassium nitrate, 0.3～0.6 gram tween, 0.2～0.4 gram 6-benzyladenine, 0.8～1.6 gram gibberellin.
5, biological heat booster heats
Spray and carry out ambient soil behind the chemicals for breaking dormancy and heat, adopt biological heat booster to heat.
Being prepared as follows of biological heat booster: excavate wide 30～50cm in the ranks, dark 30～50cm, length with set the groove that width in the ranks is equal to, then corn stalk, wheat straw, weeds etc. are inserted, spray the bacteria agent that promotes stalk fermentation simultaneously, the thick garden mould of landfill 10～20cm above the last stalk, during the garden mould landfill at two and middle every 2～3 meters ventilation holes of keeping somewhere about a wide 20cm, for bacteria agent provides oxygen channel, promote the stalk fermentation heating, after the garden mould landfill is intact, water permeable from two ventilation hole.After biological heat booster preparation is finished the insulation of body root is set with the thick plastic foamboard complete closed of 10cm in ground.
6, the artificial light filling of growth and development stage
At germination period to the fruit color phase, utilize the light filling lamp in the morning with at dusk and cloudy day, snow day available light carry out the artificial light source light filling when dark at any time.
Good effect adopts the inventive method, by the peach plant sprayed hypnotic, band leaf artificial hypothermia, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, the artificial light filling of cooldown period, biological heat booster heats and the artificial light filling of growth and development stage is handled, and can make peach ripe during the Spring Festival.Have and act on obviously, be convenient to implement, regulate and control accurate and workable characteristics.Use in the cultivation in suitable peach and other fruit control maturing stage.
Embodiment
The present invention carries out the cultivation method that peach is set the fructescence in the cold district greenhouse in the winter time.
The process following steps:
1, sprays hypnotic
According to the flower bud development situation, when bud and branch angle reach 50-70 ℃ in the middle part of the branch, spray hypnotic.
Hypnotic prescription: in every premium on currency, add 10～20 gram urea, 0.3～0.6 gram tween, add abscisic acid again, make abscisic acid concentration reach 50～200 μ mol, be mixed with the hypnotic aqueous solution.
When spraying hypnotic, spray the 0.1-0.2 kilogram hypnotic aqueous solution by every strain peach.
2, band leaf artificial hypothermia
When spraying hypnotic, peach is carried out the plastic tunnel protection, peach is grown in the greenhouse, and the open cold blower fan is set four sections alternating temperature coolings of body band leaf processing.
First section: reduced to 17 ℃ from 20 ℃ on the 1st～5 day;
Second section: reduced to 12 ℃ from 17 ℃ on the 6th～10 day;
The 3rd section: reduced to 6 ℃ from 12 ℃ on the 11st～15 day, and forced peach to enter deep-sleep.
The 4th section: treat that the peach dormancy degree of depth reaches the darkest, the 13rd～17 effective low temperature accumulation after cooling is handled reaches 3/2/3rds to four o'clock of peach chilling requirement and stops the cooling processing, with temperature adjusting to 2.1～7.2 ℃.
3, the artificial light filling of cooldown period
In through four sections alternating temperature cooling processing procedures, also to keep blade simultaneously and carry out the artificial light filling of light filling lamp the tree body, light filling intensity is 40～100 μ mol.m
-2S
-1
The effect of the artificial light filling of cooldown period is to impel peach bud further to grow, and stops light filling when temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, and the light filling time is 6～18 o'clock of every day.
4, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy
After the peach cooling is finished, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, make the peach breaking dormancy.
Chemicals for breaking dormancy prescription: in every premium on currency, add 2～8 gram cyanamides, 3～6 gram potassium nitrate, 0.3～0.6 gram tween, 0.2～0.4 gram 6-benzyladenine, 0.8～1.6 gram gibberellin.
When spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy, spray the 0.1-0.2 kilogram chemicals for breaking dormancy aqueous solution by every strain peach.After spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy the peach dormancy is removed fully, thereby the heating-up time is further shifted to an earlier date.
5, biological heat booster heats
Spray and carry out ambient soil behind the chemicals for breaking dormancy and heat, adopt biological heat booster to heat.
Being prepared as follows of biological heat booster: excavate wide 30～50cm in the ranks, dark 30～50cm, length with set the groove that width in the ranks is equal to, then corn stalk, wheat straw, weeds etc. are inserted, spray the bacteria agent that promotes stalk fermentation simultaneously, the thick garden mould of landfill 10～20cm above the last stalk, during the garden mould landfill at two and middle every 2～3 meters ventilation holes of keeping somewhere about a wide 20cm, for bacteria agent provides oxygen channel, promote the stalk fermentation heating, after the garden mould landfill is intact, water permeable from two ventilation hole.After biological heat booster preparation is finished with ground with the thick plastic foamboard complete closed of 10cm, so that keep the suitable temperature of root system.Prevent the temperature that ground temperature is subjected to the influence of temperature cooling and can not keeps root system is suited.
When tree body overground part takes to be with four sections alternating temperature coolings of leaf to handle, partly take biological heat booster to heat for the underground part root system, can keep the root system soil temperature more than 10 ℃, prevent that root system is subjected to freeze injury or damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, influence growing of root system, and then influence the releasing of peach bud dormancy and the setting of blooming of peach.
6, the artificial light filling of growth and development stage
To the fruit color phase, utilize the light filling lamp to carry out the artificial light source light filling more than 2 hours with the dusk in the morning at germination period, carry out the artificial light source light filling at any time when cloudy day while, snow sky available light dark, every day, light filling was more than 3 hours.Can effectively overcome the harmful effect that the short-day environment grows and causes peach by the artificial light source light filling.Generally at 667m
250～60 50～100 watts of light filling lamps are set in the booth, and the light filling lamp is positioned at about 1m place, tree body top.
Heat up during the greenhouse management of back, sunshine duration decrescence.Owing to be subjected to the short-day environmental influence, the peach young sprout stops too early long, the growth of young sprout leaf area is not enough, and the leaf area of considerable part fails to reach the normal physiological standard, the photosynthesis weak effect, influence setting and hinder fruit to continue to expand, have a strong impact on fruit yield and quality, so must carry out the artificial light source light filling.
The light filling lamp adopts fluorescent lamp, incandescent lamp or Biological lamp.
The embodiment explanation
Select the little peach variety of resting stage chilling requirement, as selecting prompt peach of spring etc.
Peach milpa point selection is in area, Huludao City, Liaoning Province, 40 ° 46 in latitude '.
Carry out through following steps:
1, sprays hypnotic
The peach of land being cultivated late August～mid-September that enters fruiting period sprays dormancy agent, makes peach enter resting stage.
The preparation of hypnotic: in every premium on currency, add 15 gram urea, 0.5 gram tween, add abscisic acid again, make abscisic acid concentration reach 100 μ mol, be mixed with the hypnotic aqueous solution.
When spraying hypnotic, spray 0.15 kilogram of hypnotic aqueous solution by every peach.
Through spraying peach behind the hypnotic, be with the leaf artificial hypothermia to handle through after 5～7 days.
2, band leaf artificial hypothermia handles
Reduced to 17 ℃ from 20 ℃ on the 1st～5 day; Reduced to 12 ℃ from 17 ℃ on the 6th～10 day; Reduce to 6 ℃ from 12 ℃ on the 11st～15 day, and forced peach to enter deep-sleep.Treat the peach dormancy degree of depth reach the darkest after, ℃ the peach dormancy is removed gradually temperature adjusting to 2.5～5.2; Treat that the accumulation of effective low temperature reaches 3/2/3rds to four o'clock of peach chilling requirement and stops cooling.
3, the artificial light filling of cooldown period
In through four sections alternating temperature cooling processing procedures, adopt fluorescent lamp that the tree body is kept blade and carry out artificial light filling, when reducing to 12 ℃, temperature stops light filling, and the light filling time is 6～18 o'clock of every day.The light filling light source is a fluorescent lamp, and light filling intensity is 50～80 μ molm
-2S
-1
4, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy
After peach enters resting stage fully, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy to peach, make peach breaking dormancy state, recover growth.
Chemicals for breaking dormancy preparation: in every premium on currency, add 5 gram cyanamides, 5 gram potassium nitrate, 0.5 gram tween, 0.3 gram 6-benzyladenine, 1 gram gibberellin, be mixed with the chemicals for breaking dormancy aqueous solution.
When spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy, spray 0.1 kilogram of chemicals for breaking dormancy aqueous solution by every peach.
5, biological heat booster heats
Utilize biological heat booster to heat after spraying chemicals for breaking dormancy, make the peach root system concentrate the distribution layer soil temperature to remain on more than 10 ℃.
6, the artificial light filling of growth and development stage
To the fruit color phase, utilize fluorescent lamp to carry out artificial light filling, every 667m at germination period on peach top
245 100 watts fluorescent lamp is set, and respectively shine more than 2 hours every day sooner or later, when daytime, available light was dark, and the light filling of turning on light at any time.About 1 meter of the setting height(from bottom) of fluorescent lamp apart from treetop top.
Handle through 6～7 months peach dormancy, broken dormancy and cooling and light filling, can make the peach fruit ripe during a end of month to the Spring Festival of the beginning of February.
Utilize this method can also set and adjust the maturing stage of other dormancy fruit tree.
Claims (2)
1. forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave, through spraying hypnotic, band leaf artificial hypothermia, the artificial light filling of cooldown period, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, biological heat booster heats and the artificial light filling step of growth and development stage, it is characterized in that:
(1), sprays hypnotic: according to the flower bud development situation, when bud and branch angle reach 50-70 ℃ in the middle part of the branch, spray hypnotic, when spraying hypnotic, spray 0.1～0.2 kilogram of hypnotic aqueous solution by every strain peach;
Hypnotic prescription: in every premium on currency, add 10～20 gram urea, 0.3～0.6 gram tween, add abscisic acid again, make abscisic acid concentration reach 50～200 μ mol, be mixed with the hypnotic aqueous solution;
(2), band leaf artificial hypothermia: when spraying hypnotic, peach is carried out the plastic tunnel protection, and the open cold blower fan is set four sections alternating temperatures coolings of body band leaf and handled first section: reduced to 17 ℃ from 20 ℃ on the 1st～5 day; Second section: reduced to 12 ℃ from 17 ℃ on the 6th～10 day; The 3rd section: reduced to 6 ℃ from 12 ℃ on the 11st～15 day, and forced peach to enter deep-sleep; The 4th section: after treating that the peach dormancy degree of depth reaches, with temperature adjusting to 2.1～7.2 ℃, the effective low temperature accumulation in the 13rd～17 day after cooling is handled reaches 3/2/3rds to four o'clock of peach chilling requirement, stops to lower the temperature;
(3), the artificial light filling of cooldown period: in four sections alternating temperature cooling processing procedures, also will keep blade to the tree body simultaneously and carry out the artificial light filling of light filling lamp, light filling intensity is 40～100 μ molm
-2S
-1Stop light filling when temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, the light filling time is 6～18 o'clock of every day;
(4), spray chemicals for breaking dormancy: after cooling is finished dealing with, spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, spray the 0.1-0.2 kilogram chemicals for breaking dormancy aqueous solution, the peach dormancy is removed fully by every strain peach;
Chemicals for breaking dormancy prescription: in every premium on currency, add 2～8 gram cyanamides, 3～6 gram potassium nitrate, 0.3～0.6 gram tween, 0.2～0.4 gram 6-benzyladenine, 0.8～1.6 gram gibberellin.
(5), biological heat booster heats: spray and carry out ambient soil behind the chemicals for breaking dormancy and heat, adopt biological heat booster to heat;
Being prepared as follows of biological heat booster: excavate wide 30～50cm in the ranks, dark 30～50cm, length with set the groove that width in the ranks is equal to, then corn stalk, wheat straw, weeds etc. are inserted, spray the bacteria agent that promotes stalk fermentation simultaneously, the thick garden mould of landfill 10～20cm above the last stalk, during the garden mould landfill at two and middle every 2～3 meters ventilation holes of keeping somewhere about a wide 20cm, for bacteria agent provides oxygen channel, promote the stalk fermentation heating, after the garden mould landfill is intact, water permeable from two ventilation hole.After biological heat booster preparation is finished with ground with the thick plastic foamboard complete closed of 10cm, so that keep the suitable temperature of root system.Prevent the temperature that ground temperature is subjected to the influence of temperature cooling and can not keeps root system is suited, peach root coating temperature is remained on more than 10 ℃;
(6), the artificial light filling of growth and development stage: at germination period to the fruit color phase, utilize the light filling lamp respectively to carry out the artificial light source light filling more than 2 hours in every morning and dusk, cloudy day while, snow day available light carry out the artificial light source light filling when dark at any time, and on average every day, light filling was more than 3 hours;
2. forced dormancy culture method for peach with leave according to claim 1 is characterized in that: at 667m
250～60 50～100 watts light filling lamp is set in the booth, and the light filling lamp is positioned at the 1m place, top of tree body treetop.
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| CN103053618A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-24 | 浙江新蓝天园林苗木科技有限公司中泰分公司 | Tree dormancy activator and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103053618A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-24 | 浙江新蓝天园林苗木科技有限公司中泰分公司 | Tree dormancy activator and preparation method thereof |
| CN103109860A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-05-22 | 浙江新蓝天园林苗木科技有限公司中泰分公司 | Plant dormancy agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN103109860B (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2014-08-13 | 杭州蓝天园林生态科技股份有限公司中泰分公司 | Plant dormancy agent and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104429783A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-03-25 | 廊坊市农林科学院 | Chilling-free cultivating method of peaches in greenhouse |
| CN105875315A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-08-24 | 山东农业大学 | Protected non-dormancy peach cultivation method |
| CN106973739A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-07-25 | 重庆柯雷农业发展有限公司 | The implantation methods of crisp peach |
| CN105875345A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-08-24 | 云南同邦农业开发有限公司 | Cultivation method for prompting grape dormancy in advance |
| CN107258442A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-20 | 固镇县春雪桃树种植专业合作社 | A kind of greenhouse gardening method for improving nectarine sugariness |
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