Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a non-dormancy treatment method for peaches in a sunlight greenhouse, which is used for breaking through the traditional peach tree cultivation growth period, enabling the peaches to bloom in autumn and mature in winter, and further advancing the mature period of facility peaches.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a non-dormancy treatment method for peaches in a sunlight greenhouse comprises the following steps:
(1) trimming after harvesting in late 4 months, pressing down the crown height by 100cm, retracting 10-15cm of fruiting branch groups after fruiting, and spraying paclobutrazol for 2 times in late 4 months to middle 5 months at an interval of 20 days;
(2) spraying 12 times of composite dormancy breaking liquid 3-5 days before shed-closing in last ten days of 9 months, applying fertilizer 13-17 days before shed-closing, and spreading thoroughly decomposed organic 5-6 cubic meters per mu of greenhouse peach. The fertilizing method adopts the field surface broadcasting, shallow ploughing for 10cm after the broadcasting, fully irrigating, and spraying the composite dormancy breaking liquid of 12 times of liquid again 5-7 days after covering the greenhouse;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of (1) starting to buckle the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 9 months, starting to perform greenhouse closing treatment all day long after buckling the greenhouse, spraying 12 times of liquid composite dormancy breaking liquid once after 5 days after buckling the greenhouse, performing reverse heat preservation treatment after 7-10 days, namely putting down heat preservation materials in the daytime, rolling up the heat preservation materials at night, opening a ventilation opening, and performing temperature reduction treatment for 13 days;
(4) heating up from the bottom of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months, immediately pruning after heating up, mainly thinning out, secondarily cutting off, strengthening fruit branches, only cutting off the middle of long and thin fruit branches, reserving 2-3 fruit branches on each branch group, reserving 20-30 fruit branches on each peach tree, and immediately cleaning an orchard after pruning is finished; spraying 5 times of fruit setting agent once at the end of the full-bloom period, spraying 5 times of fruit setting agent for the second time 10-15 days after flower falling, and managing the peaches in the sunlight greenhouse, wherein the management method comprises the following steps: heating to 22-24 deg.C during day, 15-18 deg.C at night, and controlling relative air humidity at 70-80%; from the flowering period to the flower falling period, the temperature is controlled to be 21-23 ℃ in the daytime, 13-15 ℃ at night and the relative humidity of air is controlled to be 50-60%; in the fruit development period, the temperature is controlled to be 22-25 ℃ in the daytime, 12-15 ℃ at night and the relative air humidity is controlled to be 50-60%; thinning fruits 20-30 days after flower falling, and reserving 2 fruits per fruit branch.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: on the premise of keeping the nutrient components and the taste of the peaches in the sunlight greenhouse, the growth cycle of the traditional peach trees is broken through, the peaches normally bloom and bear fruits without dormancy treatment are realized, the peaches mature and come into the market in spring festival, and the economic benefit is increased.
Further, the method also comprises top dressing and water filling, wherein the top dressing and water filling operation comprises the following steps: in 5 days after the temperature is raised, 75kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of furrow in the first topdressing irrigation, large water is irrigated once, and soil is loosened and the mulching film is turned over after the soil is not sticky; applying 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer in each mu of furrow after the flowers fall for the second time of topdressing and irrigation, and irrigating small water for the first time; and applying 40kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 40kg of potassium sulfate in each mu of furrow in the hard core period by topdressing and irrigating for the third time, and irrigating once with large water.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to do: fully ensures the nutritional requirement of the peach tree in the growth process
Further, paclobutrazol is a solution diluted by 40-50 times by 15% of PP333 solution;
the composite broken sleep liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-10 parts of copper sulfate, 1-5 parts of cyanamide, 1-5 parts of calcium phosphate, 1-8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-3 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 0.1-5 parts of organic silicon, 0.1-5 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.01-3 parts of indoleacetic acid, 1-5 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate and 60-100 parts of water;
preferably, 6 parts of copper sulfate, 1.2 parts of cyanamide, 1.2 parts of calcium phosphate, 2.4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.25 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.35 part of organic silicon, 0.35 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.08 part of indoleacetic acid, 1.2 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate and 87 parts of water;
the fruit setting agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.01-3 parts of brassinolide, 0.01-10 parts of cytokinin, 0.1-8 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.1-1 part of nitrogen, 0.1-2 parts of silicon, 0.1-0.8 part of magnesium, 0.1-1 part of boron and 80-120 parts of water;
preferably, 0.02 part of brassinolide, 0.05 part of cytokinin, 0.8 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.3 part of nitrogen, 0.1 part of silicon, 0.15 part of magnesium, 0.1 part of boron and 98 parts of water.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to do: effectively changes the growth cycle of the heliogreenhouse peaches and increases the stress resistance of plants.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described below, and the peach tree cultivation and management method in the following embodiment is as follows:
(1) pruning after picking, pressing down the height of the crown by 100cm, keeping the fruiting branch group with a retraction of 10-15cm after fruiting, and spraying paclobutrazol;
(2) fertilizing 13-17 days before shed-off in last ten days of 9 months, and broadcasting fully-rotten organic 5-6 cubic meters in each mu of greenhouse peaches. The fertilizing method adopts the field surface broadcasting, shallow ploughing for 10cm after the broadcasting, fully irrigating, and spraying 12 times of composite dormancy breaking liquid once before and after buckling the shed;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of (1) starting to buckle the greenhouse in the middle ten days of 9 months, starting to perform greenhouse closing treatment all day long after buckling the greenhouse, spraying a composite dormancy breaking liquid after buckling the greenhouse, and performing reverse heat preservation treatment 7-10 days later, namely putting down a heat preservation material in the daytime, rolling up the heat preservation material at night, opening a ventilation opening, and performing cooling treatment for 13 days;
(4) heating is started from the bottom of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months, trimming is immediately carried out after heating, thinning is mainly carried out, short sections are supplemented, strong fruit branches are placed in a long mode, only the middle of long and thin fruit branches are cut, 2-3 fruit branches are reserved on each branch group, 20-30 fruit branches are reserved on each peach tree, an orchard is immediately cleaned after trimming is finished, 75kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to ditches per mu within 5 days after heating, large water is poured once, soil is loosened and a cover-turning mulching film is formed after soil is not sticky; spraying 5 times of bidens at the end of full-bloom stage, spraying 5 times of bidens for the second time 10-15 days after flower falling, and managing peaches in sunlight greenhouse;
the management method comprises the following steps: heating to 22-24 deg.C during day, 15-18 deg.C at night, and controlling relative air humidity at 70-80%; from the flowering period to the flower falling period, the temperature is controlled to be 21-23 ℃ in the daytime, 13-15 ℃ at night and the relative humidity of air is controlled to be 50-60%; in the fruit development period, the temperature is controlled to be 22-25 ℃ in the daytime, 12-15 ℃ at night and the relative air humidity is controlled to be 50-60%; thinning fruits 20-30 days after flower falling, reserving 2 fruits per fruit branch, applying 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer in each mu of furrow, and irrigating small water once; in the period of hard peach, 40kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 40kg of potassium sulfate are applied in each mu of furrow, and the soil is irrigated with large water once.
Example 1
Influence of spraying PP333 at different periods on peach flower bud differentiation process
To ensure the bud differentiation of peach before shed-covering (9 months and 1 day) to enter the pistil stage. The peach blossom bud differentiation process is researched by spraying PP333 at different periods. The PP333 adopts paclobutrazol produced by Sichuan nations.
1. Materials and methods
(1) Experimental Material
The material is from \28390, spring snow peach of spring festival peach test greenhouse of specialized cooperative society for planting south Tang fruit in south county. The tree is 4 years old and robust. Postharvest trimming was performed on day 4/22 of 2012.
(2) Test treatment
The periods of spraying the PP333 are respectively set as: day 18, month 5, day 18, month 6, and day 18, month 7. The concentration of the PP333 with the spraying content of 15 percent is 40 times of the solution, and the second spraying is carried out after 10 days. Spraying 5 trees in each period.
(3) Investigation method
After 8 months and 30 days, 5 trees of PP333 were sprayed from three periods, and 2 shoots were collected from each tree and observed as a section of the flower bud differentiation process. Axillary buds on each shoot collected on the day of sampling were sliced by hand (5-6 pieces per bud) and microscopic observation of the development process of flowers in each bud was performed, requiring 30 buds per treatment.
2. Results and analysis
(1) Peach flower bud morphological differentiation process
The flower buds of the peach trees are pure flower buds, and each flower bud contains one flower. Therefore, the peach flower bud morphological differentiation process should include: the differentiation period is 5 stages including the differentiation initial stage, sepal differentiation stage, petal differentiation stage, stamen differentiation stage and pistil differentiation stage. When the peach trees are cultivated in open field to 10 mid-month, the peach trees should be differentiated to the pistil differentiation stage.
(2) Spraying PP333 peach blossom bud differentiation process in different periods
As can be seen from the fine cutting of the slices, the flower bud differentiation process of peach trees sprayed with PP333 at different periods is different from 8 months to 20 days. In the peach trees treated in the days of 5 months and 18, 73.3 percent of flower buds are differentiated to the pistil stage, 20.0 percent of flower buds are differentiated to the stamen stage, and 6.7 percent of flower buds are differentiated to the petal stage; in the peach trees treated in 18 days after 6 months, the flower bud differentiation stage does not reach the pistil differentiation stage, 36.7 percent of flower buds differentiate to the stamen stage, 43.3 percent of flower buds differentiate to the petal stage, and 20.0 percent of flower buds differentiate to the sepal stage; the peach trees treated in 7 months and 18 days still have 63.3 percent of treatment undifferentiated stage, and only 36.7 percent of the peach trees enter the early stage of flower bud differentiation.
3. Small knot
From the above results, it is known that the time for applying PP333 is 5 months in the middle and before when the temperature of the peach tree is increased in the first 9 months of the spring festival, the flower bud of the peach tree is differentiated to the pistil stage. The delayed spraying of the PP333 can delay the flower bud differentiation process of the peach tree when the canopy is closed in the last 9 th month, thereby affecting the fruit setting of the peach.
Example 2
Investigation of growth results of spring snow peaches by spraying composite dormancy breaking liquid in different years
1. Materials and methods
(1) The material is from \28390, spring snow peach of spring festival peach test greenhouse of specialized cooperative society for planting south Tang fruit in south county. 4 years old, strong and strong tree body, and planting density of 1m multiplied by 1 m.
The formula of the composite dormancy breaking liquid in the embodiment is calculated by 1L: 6 percent of copper sulfate, 1.2 percent of cyanamide 50 percent, 1.2 percent of calcium phosphate, 2.4 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.25 percent of 5 percent of naphthoic acid, 0.35 percent of organic silicon, 0.35 percent of 1.6 percent of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.08 percent of indoleacetic acid, 1.2 percent of compound sodium nitrophenolate and 87 percent of water.
(2) Method for treating different years
TABLE 1 greenhouse-covering temperature rise time in different years
Year of year
|
Greenhouse fastening period (moon, day)
|
Date of heating up (moon, day)
|
2012
|
8.25
|
9.15
|
2013
|
9.10
|
9.28
|
2014
|
9.15
|
10.1 |
Except that 2 rows are reserved in the middle of the greenhouse as a control (water spraying), the rest peach trees are sprayed with the composite dormancy breaking liquid with the concentration of 12 times for 1 time before covering the greenhouse, and the composite dormancy breaking liquid with the same concentration is sprayed for 1 time after covering the greenhouse for 5 days. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be below 25 ℃ in the daytime after the temperature is raised.
(3) Survey content and method
(ii) survey content
And A, surveying flowering and fruit maturity phenological periods of different years, recording greenhouse covering dates, heating dates, flowering initial stages, full-bloom periods, falling flowering periods and fruit maturity periods of different years.
B, investigating the flowering rate of fruit branches, the germination rate of leaf buds, the height, the branch group quantity, the fruit branch number and the flowering number of each plant in the flowering period, and investigating the fruit result number of each plant in the mature period of the fruits.
② investigation method
In the flowering period, 20 peach trees are randomly extracted from the middle part of the greenhouse, and the labels are hung. Respectively investigating the tree height, branch group quantity, fruit branch number and total flowering number of each tree, investigating the fruit number of each tree in the fruit maturity period, randomly extracting 10 trees, collecting all fruits of 5 trees, weighing the fruit weight and the fruit number, and counting the single fruit weight; in addition, 1 fruit branch is randomly extracted from the upper part and the lower part of each calibrated tree in the flowering period, and the total number of flower buds, the flowering number, the total number of leaf buds and the number of germinated leaf buds on each fruit branch are investigated.
2. Results and analysis
(1) The phenological period of the peaches in the spring festival of different years
TABLE 2 phenological period of spring snow peach of different years
As can be seen from table 2, the greenhouse leaf dropping treatment was performed at 8/25/2012, the temperature was increased at 9/15, the flowering was performed 18 days after the temperature increase, the flowering period was 18 days, the fruit ripening period was 12/23/2012, and 81 days were required from the flowering to the fruit ripening. Is matured 49 days before the spring festival (2 months and 10 spring festival in 2013). The greenhouse covering date in 2013 is 9 months and 10 days, the temperature rising date is 9 months and 28 days, the flower blossoms 29 days after the temperature rising, the flowering period is 26 days, the fruit mature period is 2014, 1 month and 26 days, and the period from the flower blossoms to the fruit mature is 92 days. Is ripe 5 days before the spring festival (1 month 31 spring festival 2014); the canopy covering date in 2014 is 9 months and 15 days, the temperature rise date is 10 months and 1 day, the flower is carried out 33 days after the temperature rise, the flowering period is 28 days, the fruit mature period is 2015 years and 2 months and 10 days, and 100 days are required from the flowering period to the fruit mature period. The fruit ripened 10 days before the spring festival (spring festival of 19/2/2015).
(2) Germination and flowering conditions of leaf buds of bearing branches at different parts of crown
The temperature rise period of the greenhouse peaches in the spring festival is to raise the temperature when the peaches are not released, and the treated peaches are sprayed with the compound dormancy breaking liquid for 2 times. In the flowering period (11/20/2013), the flowering and leaf bud germination of the treated and control trees were examined. The flower bud and leaf bud of the control tree at this stage did not sprout, and the results are shown in tables 3-5.
TABLE 3 investigation of flower bud and leaf bud germination of fruiting branch on crown
Note: investigation date 2013.11.20
TABLE 4 investigation of flower bud and leaf bud germination of bearing branch at lower part of crown
Note: investigation date 2013.11.20
TABLE 5 comparison of germination rates of flower bud and leaf bud of bearing branch at different parts of crown
As can be seen from tables 3, 4 and 5, the flowering rate and the leaf bud germination rate of the upper bearing branch and the lower bearing branch of the crown were different in the trees treated with the sleep liquid. The average flowering rate of single branches of upper bearing branches is 30.5 percent, and the germination rate of leaf buds is 46.3 percent; the average flowering rate of single branches of lower bearing branches is only 9.1 percent, and the germination rate of leaf buds is only 17.4 percent. Through statistical analysis, the single-branch flowering rate and the leaf bud germination rate of the upper bearing branch are both remarkably higher than those of the lower bearing branch.
The results show that spraying the dormancy breaking liquid has obvious effect on promoting flowering and leaf bud germination of the peach in spring festival, but is obviously lower than that of the peach which normally passes through natural dormancy (the flowering rate of the flower buds reaches 100%).
(3) Spring festival peach tree phase index and flowering and fruiting conditions
TABLE 6 survey of peach tree facies indexes and flowering and fruiting conditions in spring festival
As can be seen from Table 6, when the planting density is 666 plants per mu and the cylindrical shaping mode is adopted, the average height of 4-year-old spring festival peach trees is 92.5cm, the group quantity of single plant branches is 10.9, and the quantity of fruiting branches is 30.9. In 2013, the average flowering number of each plant is 49.9, and the average fruiting number of each plant in the fruit mature period is 22.3. Randomly drawing 10 trees, wherein the number of the trees is 230, the total weight is 17.2kg, the average yield of the trees is 1.72kg, the average single fruit weight is 74.8g, and the yield per mu is 1145.52 kg.
3. Small knot
(1) According to the 3-year test results, due to the fact that the temperature rise time and the environment after temperature rise are different, the flowering period and the flowering period of the spring snow peaches are greatly changed in the greenhouse cultivation condition; in addition, the spring festival date also changes greatly among different years. Therefore, in actual production, the temperature rise time is determined by comprehensively considering the spring festival date, the temperature change in the autumn and winter of a single year, and the like.
(2) In this embodiment, the application of the composite dormancy breaking liquid of the present invention has a certain effect of breaking dormancy of peaches.
(3) This example reduced the average yield per mu of 1145.52kg, and the average single fruit weight was 74.8 g.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.