The long-acting improvement method of original soil of a kind of arid biogeographic zone farmland salting stain
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for the long-acting improvement of original soil of a kind of arid biogeographic zone farmland salting stain.
Background technology
The formation of salting stain: salting stain, is named again salt hole, has three sources: (1), under the condition of underground water comparatively dark (﹥ 4 meters), plant polysalt (Chinese tamarisk bag) is the main cause forming salting stain ground.(2), soil out-of-flatness is the reason forming salting stain ground.The reallocation of mima type microrelief received heat Different Effects salinity, " salt is climbed toward eminence " is the vivid saying that salting stain is formed.Ground height is 4-5cm only, and salting stain earth's surface salt content just exceeds 3-6 doubly than surrounding.(3), soil profile has argillic horizon is the reason forming salting stain ground.Soil profile argillic horizon is the sediment deposit of horizontal distribution, and quality is fine and close, not easily permeable, and during flushing, salt accumulation is in this layer, and later along with strong evaporation, salinity rises to top layer again, forms salting stain.
Salting stain endangers: salting stain ground saliferous is high, general plow layer (0-25 centimetre) total salt content 3-6%, 0-100 cm layer of soil total salt content 2-4%, and comparatively surrounding soil exceeds one times to several times.The salinity of high concentration, constantly movement, farming is improper in addition, and salting stain area has and expands trend year by year, brings soil secondary salinization, impact around goodly.Generally account for land for growing field crops about 10%.These salting stain ground, except minority has a small amount of harvest, mostly have kind of a nothing to receive.Cause the waste of the farm investments such as seed, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, irrigation water and cultivation management, and leave Yanyuan, to setting up high yield, stable yields field is an obstacle.
The improvement of salting stain: have a large amount of bibliographical informations in improving saline soil, the most direct effective method of Xinjiang improving saline soil is still up to now in " Drainage of salt " mode of the row's of filling engineering construction, but under water resource situation day by day in short supply, the engineering measure centered by water conservancy is hard to carry on.The improvement method on saline-alkaline spot soil ground in a kind of farmland that Chinese Patent Application No. 200710180033.9 is set forth, in the middle of saline and alkaline patch ground, first fix the water-retention well be made up of the pipe of cement of sand gravel, tube wall belt hole, water inlet, lead, water leg, top cover and gate, pressure of constantly pouring water is saline and alkaline, realizes the improvement to saline-alkaline spot soil ground in farmland; The administering method in the broken multilayer haftplatte layer saline land that number of patent application 01122255.7 is set forth, by ditching, is oozed passage under forming moisture, is oozed water, salt are discharged by soil moisture side; The alkali-removing modifying method far alkaline land step that number of patent application 200710090142.1 is set forth comprises: level land, excavate the unidirectional parallel ditch of dark 26-60cm or intersect in length and breadth, in length and breadth to the parallel ditch that density is different, and form row's alkali sand furrow at bottom landfill sand, dig again and the row's alkali ditch arranged alkali sand furrow and communicate, beat ground Leng, diversion irrigation row alkali; The feature that the method for improving kaline soil by layered drainage that number of patent application 200910113232.7 is set forth coexists for argillic horizon fluid-tight in the soil body and sand bed, adopt the method for Subsoiling, break argillic horizon, build drain ditch, make farmland irrigating water carry salt alkaloid substance by sand bed and discharge.The method agricultural crop straw that number of patent application 200610140584.8 is set forth is bundled into column by latticed vertical landfill after bacterium immersion bubble, produce dialysis by the agricultural crop straw cylinder of stereoscopic grid and soil, stop underground water salinity directly to rise to earth's surface and produce salination; The earth's surface that number of patent application 200910071366.7 is set forth is made and Lous is improved saline land method, inserts grit and makes leakage with beating vertical shaft by ground detritus soil layer and fine and close soil layer, well head cover grate plate husky net prevent shallow groundwater evaporation generation salination.Above method is mainly engineering measure, comprises: break haftplatte layer method, build the up measure of gravel layer obstruct salinity, discharge saline and alkaline in conjunction with washing salinity by irrigation.Lack the integrated measure of a kind of optimization under water-saving condition, both succinctly easy, cost is low, integrated approach long-acting again.
The improved treatment of arable land salting stain is different from the cultivation management in general land for growing field crops, and should to after salting stain specially treated, then with land for growing field crops general management.Saline land regulation to harness the river as core, should improve irrigation and drainage system, is aided with engineering and biological control measure, Scientific Regulation soil water-stable aggregates athleticism long-acting solution farmland salting stain problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, the long-acting improvement method of original soil of a kind of arid biogeographic zone farmland salting stain is provided, the method is under the condition of under-film drip irrigation, and incorporation engineering and biological control measure, take mechanical execution to dig topsoil salting stain, fill out gravel, cover permeable geotextiles, backfill original soil and flatten; Along broadcasting to trench digging, filling out gravel and crushing straw, level land successively from bottom to top; The steps such as under-film drip irrigation+plantation daghestan sweet clover complete.In order to block, topsoil salinity is up, the long-acting desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of original soil provides condition for landfill gravel layer; Breaking argillic horizon by broadcasting to trench digging, landfill filtrate, both having blocked salinity up along capillary, form again the down going channel of desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water, make desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water come together in the downward drip washing of gravel layer; Under-film drip irrigation and plantation salt tolerant green manure--daghestan sweet clover, not only water saving, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, increase cover, and the improved effect of acceleration and stabilization works measure.Within general 2 years, just crop growth can be suitable for, afterwards the not easily accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
The long-acting improvement method of original soil of a kind of arid biogeographic zone farmland of the present invention salting stain, follows these steps to carry out:
A, landfill gravel layer:
Select construction in autumn, dark for the salting stain 60cm soil body is dug out, fills out the thick gravel of 20cm (3) layer, cover permeable geotextiles or felt (4), then backfill original soil, leveling;
B, ditch, fill out filtrate:
The every 5-10 rice of salting stain ground ditching machine after step a is smooth is along broadcasting to trench digging, ditch depth 40cm, wide 40cm, the thick gravel of 10cm (3) and the dark crushing straw (2) of 30cm is filled out from bottom to top successively in ditch, level land, salt macular area makes marks, then carry out drip irrigation planting patterns under mulch film (1) spring in next year;
C, plant desalination loam:
In spring, at salt macular area plantation daghestan sweet clover, turn over also field culture fertility the 9-10 month, Second Year gets final product Planting Crops.
Step a cobble-stone (3) layer lower gravel (3) diameter 4cm, top gravel (3) diameter 1-2cm.
Gravel (3) layer of step b landfill connects with gravel (3) layer of step a, and the length of crushing straw (2) is 6-10cm, and under mulch film (1), salt macular area on the basis in land for growing field crops, irrigate band increases by 30% again.
In step c, salt macular area plantation daghestan sweet clover does not gather in, and turning over also field the 9-10 month, Second Year is at salt macular area applying organic manure material.
The long-acting improvement method of original soil of a kind of arid biogeographic zone farmland of the present invention salting stain, the feature of the method is:
Improve the methods such as existing soil moved in improve the original, the flood desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, vertical drain ground, under under-film drip irrigation condition, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching row of channels and gravel interlayer formation salt discharge passage is under water set up to trench digging by broadcasting, and integrated biological control measure--plantation salt tolerant green manure--improved effect of stabilization works measure, the long-acting improvement difficult problem solving arid biogeographic zone farmland salting stain.Broadcast to trench digging, fill gravel and stalk, effectively can break argillic horizon, be conducive to the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and ooze under water, and suppress salinity along the upstroke of capillary.Plantation salt tolerant green manure, can improve saline soil fertility, improve its permeability, increase cover degree, also blocked capillarity well, suppress the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.The long-acting improvement method of original soil of farmland salting stain proposed by the invention, decrease the links such as conventional soil moved in improve the original, repeatedly washing salinity by irrigation, that mentioned digs topsoil salting stain, original soil backfill, broadcasts and be general farm machinery to machineries such as trench diggings, constructs convenient and cost is low, is convenient to peasant household and operates.Adopt the inventive method, be particularly useful for the farmland of carrying out water-saving drip irrigation, next year can take effect, and the later not easily accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention, wherein 1 mulch film, 2 crushing straws, 3 gravels, 4 permeable geotextiles or felts.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Implementation period on October 25th, 2009, implementing plot is agricultural development area in Kelamayi blue sky four tunnel and white clouds three-way intersection salting stain ground, salting stain approximate range in 50m × 50m, 0-30cm soil layer total salt content 2.16%, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
A, landfill gravel layer:
Select construction in autumn, dug out by dark for the salting stain 60cm soil body with excavator, fill out 3 layers, the thick gravel of 20cm, gravel 3 layers of lower gravel 3 diameter 4cm, top gravel 3 diameter 1cm, covers felt 4, then backfills original soil, leveling;
B, ditch, fill out filtrate:
The every 5 meters of edges of salting stain ground ditching machine after step a is smooth are broadcast to trench digging, ditch depth 40cm, wide 40cm, fill out the dark gravel of 10cm 3 and the dark crushing straw 2 of 30cm in ditch from bottom to top successively, the length of crushing straw 2 is 6cm, and 3 layers, the gravel of landfill connects with 3 layers, the gravel of step a, take the mode identical with land for growing field crops wholely, salt macular area makes marks, and then carries out mulch film 1 time drip irrigation planting patterns spring in next year, and salt macular area on original basis, mulch film 1 time irrigate band increases by 30% again;
C, plant desalination loam:
In the spring of Second Year, enrich 20% pig manure in salt macular area, plantation daghestan sweet clover, and in turning over also field culture fertility the 9-10 month then, the coming year can take the way to manage identical with land for growing field crops and Planting Crops.
Embodiment 2
Implementation period on November 10th, 2010, implementing plot is little Guai township, Kelamayi newly broken, salting stain ground approximate range in 50m × 40m, 0-30cm soil layer total salt content 1.26%, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
A, landfill gravel layer
Select construction in autumn, dug out by the dark soil body of salting stain ground 60cm with excavator, fill out 3 layers, the thick gravel of 20cm, gravel 3 layers of lower gravel 3 diameter 4cm, top gravel 3 diameter 2cm, covers permeable geotextiles 4, then backfills original soil, leveling;
B, ditch, fill out filtrate
The every 10 meters of edges of salting stain ground ditching machine after step a is smooth are broadcast to trench digging, ditch depth 40cm, wide 40cm, fill out the dark gravel of 10cm 3 and the dark crushing straw 2 of 30cm in ditch from bottom to top successively, 3 layers, gravel connects with 3 layers, the gravel of step a, and the length of crushing straw 2 is 10cm, level land, salt macular area make marks, then take the tillage management measure identical with land for growing field crops, place, carry out mulch film 1 time drip irrigation planting patterns, salt macular area on original basis, mulch film 1 time irrigate band increases by 30% again;
C, plant desalination loam
In the spring of Second Year, enrich 20% pig manure, plantation daghestan sweet clover in salt macular area, and in turning over also field culture fertility the 9-10 month then, within the 3rd year, the way to manage identical with land for growing field crops and Planting Crops can be taked.
The present invention improves test in 2 years show at Kelamayi agricultural development and little Guai township salting stain: adopt the mode increasing by 30% irrigate band on basis, original irrigate band again to water, by digging topsoil salting stain, broadcasting to the down going channel of ditching, landfill filtrate forms topsoil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water, can fast the salinity in topsoil salting stain ground be discharged.The effect of the method long-acting improvement farmland salting stain of permeable-biological loam of integration engineering is obvious, difficulty and earth's surface accumulation of salt in the surface soil problem is oozed under no longer there is irrigation water during drip irrigation, plant after 1 year, salting stain ground 0-30cm soil layer soil total salt content have dropped 50-62%, institute's survival rate of seedlings that grows cotton is all more than 85%, and per mu yield unginned cotton reaches 280kg/hm
2; After plantation daghestan sweet clover turns over 1 year, soil porosity increases 8%-15%, and unit weight reduces 0.35-0.23, and compared with No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity, 4-5 can regain the cost of engineering construction, and soil fertility increases, salting stain does not rebound.