CN108566794A - A kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil - Google Patents
A kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN108566794A CN108566794A CN201810393149.9A CN201810393149A CN108566794A CN 108566794 A CN108566794 A CN 108566794A CN 201810393149 A CN201810393149 A CN 201810393149A CN 108566794 A CN108566794 A CN 108566794A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to agriculture field more particularly to a kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil, and this approach includes the following steps：Sowing and overlay film, the breeding crops by the way of under-film drip irrigation are carried out on the ridge in salt-soda soil；During crop is cultivated, non-overlay film region overlay non-woven fabrics between the ridge in salt-soda soil.Method combination provided by the invention salt-soda soil farming feature, under the premise of not changing tillage method, the less salt moist environment conducive to plant seed germination and growth is createed using the capillarity of non-woven fabrics, this method is easy to operate, salinity in soil can be quickly collected, can ensure the emergence rate and growing way of institute serike, and used non-woven fabrics can be repeated as many times and use, it is of low cost, secondary pollution will not be caused to soil.The experimental results showed that：Using method provided by the invention on salt-soda soil after farming for a period of time, the salt content at 0~20cm of soil can reduce by 50% or more, and the emergence rate of planted plant is significantly improved with growing way.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field more particularly to a kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil is administered and is of great significance in China, the implementation of biological cover technique improves salt-soda soil
Soil property improves soil fertility, reduces soil salt content, and crops is allow to take root on the soil after improvement hair
Bud is yielded positive results, and crop yield is improved, and increases ecosystem ability to pool carbon effect, has to the sustainable development in China
Active influence.
Xinjiang is located at NW China border area, is in Eurasia center, 1,660,000 km of the gross area2, belong to typical inland property north
Temperate climate, long-term drought, dust storm are more.59,810,000 mu of the existing total cultivated area in Xinjiang, wherein 19,190,000 mu of salt-soda soil,
Account for the 32% of cultivated area.Wherein：15.8% slightly is accounted for, moderate accounts for 8.4%, and severe accounts for 5.9%.Pedotransfer function is with day
The most western irrigated area in mountain southern foot, Tarim Basin is the most serious.
In recent years, the salinization of soil in arable land has attracted more and more focus of attention.Wherein under-film drip irrigation regulates and controls soil water-stable aggregates
Distribution technique is widely used in varieties in saline-alkali areas side area.Drip irrigation under film can reduce Evaporation among plants, inhibit soil salt
It moves up, good water salt environment is created for crop.It is at present the overlay film on ridge, bare area is still retained between ridge, referred to as between film.And
Presence between film leads to the accumulation of soil moisture scattered and disappeared with surface layer salinity.The accumulation of surface layer salinity between film, on the one hand can cause
The water potential gradient that narrow row is asked each other due to the different increases of salt concentration between film and on film, under the action of water potential gradient,
The soil moisture of narrow row can aggravate to move between film, lead to soil salinity accumulation and the increase of coming year upper soll layer salinity between film.Separately
On the one hand, soil moisture between film it is a large amount of evaporation scatter and disappear, groundwater level depth than it is shallower when, can make in underground water
Salinity migrates upwards, to make the salt accumulation of underground water to the root layer of crop, exacerbates the degree of salinity of soil.Therefore,
Soil water evaporation and salt accumulation are of great significance for improving the crop-planting in salt-soda soil between control film.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil, farming side provided by the invention
Method can be that vegetable seeds rudiment on salt-soda soil creates good soil environment with growth.
The present invention provides a kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil, include the following steps：
Sowing and overlay film, the breeding crops by the way of under-film drip irrigation are carried out on the ridge in salt-soda soil；During crop is cultivated,
Non- overlay film region overlay non-woven fabrics between the ridge in salt-soda soil.
Preferably, the non-woven fabrics include polylactic acid non-woven fabrics, polyester non-woven fabric, acrylic fibers non-woven fabrics, nonwoven polypropylene fabric and
It is one or more in polyamide fibre non-woven fabrics.
Preferably, the surface density of the non-woven fabrics is 100~200g/m2。
Preferably, the cladding thickness of the non-woven fabrics is 1~4mm.
Preferably, the cover width of the non-woven fabrics is 30~50cm.
Preferably, during the crop is cultivated, interval is replaced the non-woven fabrics of covering in 30~90 days.
Preferably, it after the non-woven fabrics under replacing is washed and dried, reuses.
Preferably, the height on the ridge is 5~10cm；The width on the ridge is 30~35cm.
Preferably, during the crop is cultivated, the trickle irrigation amount of the under-film drip irrigation is 3750~3800m3.hm-2。
Preferably, the salt content in the salt-soda soil is 30~50g/kg.
Compared with prior art, the present invention provides a kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil.Method provided by the invention includes
Following steps：Sowing and overlay film, the breeding crops by the way of under-film drip irrigation are carried out on the ridge in salt-soda soil；Crop establishment period
Between, non-overlay film region overlay non-woven fabrics between the ridge in salt-soda soil.In the present invention, the moisture of trickle irrigation can carry the salt in soil on ridge
Divide the non-woven fabrics for moving between ridge, and being covered between ridge that can be sucked by capillarity, later moisture evaporation, salinity is detained
In non-woven fabrics, to realize the collection and removal of soil salt.Meanwhile the non-woven fabrics covered between ridge can also slow down soil between ridge
The moisture evaporation of earth maintains the moist environment of soil.Method combination provided by the invention salt-soda soil farming feature, it is cultivated not changing
Under the premise of making mode, is createed using the capillarity of non-woven fabrics and moisten ring conducive to plant seed germination and the less salt of growth
Border, this method is easy to operate, can quickly collect salinity in soil, can ensure the emergence rate and growing way of institute serike, and
And used non-woven fabrics can be repeated as many times and use, and it is of low cost, secondary pollution will not be caused to soil.Experimental result table
It is bright：Using method provided by the invention on salt-soda soil after farming for a period of time, the salt content at 0~20cm of soil can reduce
50% or more, and the emergence rate of planted plant is significantly improved with growing way.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is not cover the emergence that sorghum is cultivated under the conditions of non-woven fabrics and growing way feelings between the ridge that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides
Condition；
Fig. 2 be the embodiment of the present invention 1 provide ridge between covering non-woven fabrics under the conditions of cultivate sorghum emergence and growing way situation；
Fig. 3 is not cover the emergence that sorghum is cultivated under the conditions of non-woven fabrics and growing way feelings between the ridge that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Condition；
Fig. 4 be the embodiment of the present invention 2 provide ridge between covering non-woven fabrics under the conditions of cultivate sorghum emergence and growing way situation；
Fig. 5 is not cover the emergence that sorghum is cultivated under the conditions of non-woven fabrics and growing way feelings between the ridge that the embodiment of the present invention 3 provides
Condition；
Fig. 6 be the embodiment of the present invention 3 provide ridge between covering non-woven fabrics under the conditions of cultivate sorghum emergence and growing way situation.
Specific implementation mode
The following is a clear and complete description of the technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention, it is clear that described embodiment
Only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the common skill in this field
The every other embodiment that art personnel are obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
The present invention provides a kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil, include the following steps：
Sowing and overlay film, the breeding crops by the way of under-film drip irrigation are carried out on the ridge in salt-soda soil；During crop is cultivated,
Non- overlay film region overlay non-woven fabrics between the ridge in salt-soda soil.
In the present invention, sowing and overlay film are carried out on the ridge in salt-soda soil first, and is laid with drip irrigation zone.It is provided in the present invention
One embodiment in, the salt content in the salt-soda soil is 30~50g/kg；In another embodiment provided by the invention, institute
The salt content for stating salt-soda soil is 39~44g/kg.In one embodiment provided by the invention, the ridge it is highly preferred be 5~
10cm；The width on ridge is preferably 30~35cm；Bare area between ridge, i.e. between two ridges the width in non-overlay film region be preferably 40~
60cm, concretely 50cm.In one embodiment provided by the invention, the vegetable seeds of sowing is the fluffy seed of alkali or sorghum kind
Son, planting density are maintained at 14000~15000 caves/mu.
Later, the breeding crops by the way of under-film drip irrigation, during crop is cultivated, non-overlay film region is covered between the ridge in salt-soda soil
Lid non-woven fabrics.Wherein, the non-woven fabrics preferably have anti-uv-ray, including but not limited to polylactic acid non-woven fabrics, polyester without
It is one or more in woven fabric, acrylic fibers non-woven fabrics, nonwoven polypropylene fabric and polyamide fibre non-woven fabrics；The surface density of the non-woven fabrics is preferably
100~200g/m2, concretely 100g/m2、105g/m2、110g/m2、115g/m2、120g/m2、125g/m2、130g/m2、
135g/m2、140g/m2、145g/m2、150g/m2、155g/m2、160g/m2、165g/m2、170g/m2、175g/m2、180g/m2、
185g/m2、190g/m2、195g/m2Or 200g/m2；The cladding thickness of the non-woven fabrics is preferably 1~4mm, concretely 1mm,
1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm or 4mm；The cover width of the non-woven fabrics is preferably 30~50cm, more specifically can be
30cm, 35cm, 40cm, 45cm or 50cm.In the present invention, it during crop is cultivated, preferably by 30~90 days, can specifically be spaced
The non-woven fabrics of covering was replaced in 60 days, the non-woven fabrics under replacing is reused after preferably being washed and dried.
In the present invention, during crop is cultivated, the trickle irrigation amount of the under-film drip irrigation is preferably 3000~4000m3.hm-2, more preferably 3750
~3800m3.hm-2。
In the present invention, the moisture of trickle irrigation can carry the nothing that the salinity in soil is moved between ridge, and covered between ridge on ridge
Woven fabric can be sucked by capillarity, later moisture evaporation, and salinity is stranded in non-woven fabrics, to realize soil salt
Collection and removal.Meanwhile the non-woven fabrics covered between ridge can also slow down the moisture evaporation of soil between ridge, maintain the moistening of soil
Environment.
Method combination provided by the invention salt-soda soil farming feature utilizes nonwoven under the premise of not changing tillage method
The capillarity of cloth creates the less salt moist environment conducive to plant seed germination and growth, and this method is easy to operate, can be with
Salinity in soil is quickly collected, can ensure the emergence rate and growing way of institute serike, and used non-woven fabrics can weigh
It is used for multiple times again, it is of low cost, secondary pollution will not be caused to soil.
The experimental results showed that：Using method provided by the invention on salt-soda soil after farming for a period of time, 0~20cm of soil
The salt content at place can reduce by 50% or more, and the emergence rate of planted plant is significantly improved with growing way.
For the sake of becoming apparent from, it is described in detail below by following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
It is tested in Kelamayi multi-form agriculture area：
Sorghum (the high 5cm in ridge, row spacing 30cm, ridge spacing 50cm, 14120 caves of application rate/mu) is sowed on ridge, then overlay film
(trickle irrigation amount is 3750m to lower progress trickle irrigation3.hm-2), while bare area between ridge is smooth, by polylactic acid non-woven fabrics, (surface density is
100g/m2) combine closely with bare area, the cladding thickness of polylactic acid non-woven fabrics is 3mm, cover width 50cm.In the present embodiment
In, moisture after trickle irrigation carries on ridge that salinity between ridge at exposed soil to moving, with the evaporation of moisture, salinity enter polylactic acid without
Woven fabric (coating), and coating cap rock is captured.
After carrying out field management 20 days, the salt content of soil topsoil is detected, the results are shown in Table 1.
The influence of 1 different depth soil layer salt content of table
It can be seen from Table 1 that after covering polylactic acid non-woven fabrics between ridge, the salt content of soil topsoil lowers.
After field management 25 days, emergence and the growing way of sorghum are observed, as a result as shown in Fig. 1~2.Fig. 1 is implementation of the present invention
It is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 carries not covered between the ridge that example 1 provides and cultivate the emergence of sorghum and growing way situation, Fig. 2 under the conditions of non-woven fabrics
Emergence and the growing way situation of sorghum are cultivated between the ridge of confession under the conditions of covering non-woven fabrics.By Fig. 1~2 as can be seen that being covered between ridge
After polylactic acid non-woven fabrics, emergence and the growing way of plant are can obviously improve, covering polylactic acid non-woven fabrics can be to plant between this illustrates ridge
Object provides less salt damp soil environment, promotes the emergence and growth of plant.
After field management 60 days, the replacement of covering non-woven fabrics is carried out.
Embodiment 2
It is tested in Kelamayi multi-form agriculture area：
Sorghum (the high 5cm in ridge, row spacing 30cm, ridge spacing 50cm, 14020 caves of application rate/mu) is sowed on ridge, then overlay film
(trickle irrigation amount is 3800m to lower progress trickle irrigation3.hm-2), while bare area between ridge is smooth, it is 150g/m by surface density2Polylactic acid without
Woven fabric is combined closely with bare area, and the cladding thickness of polylactic acid non-woven fabrics is 3mm, cover width 50cm.In the present embodiment, it drips
Salinity between ridge at exposed soil to moving on moisture carrying ridge after filling, and with the evaporation of moisture, salinity enters polylactic acid non-woven fabrics
(coating), and coating cap rock is captured.
After carrying out field management 20 days, the salt content of soil topsoil is detected, the results are shown in Table 2.
The influence of 2 different depth soil layer salt content of table
It can be seen from Table 2 that after covering polylactic acid non-woven fabrics between ridge, the salt content of soil topsoil lowers.
After field management 25 days, emergence and the growing way of sorghum are observed, as a result as shown in figs. 34.Fig. 3 is implementation of the present invention
It is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 carries not covered between the ridge that example 2 provides and cultivate the emergence of sorghum and growing way situation, Fig. 4 under the conditions of non-woven fabrics
Emergence and the growing way situation of sorghum are cultivated between the ridge of confession under the conditions of covering non-woven fabrics.By Fig. 3~4 as can be seen that being covered between ridge
After polylactic acid non-woven fabrics, emergence and the growing way of plant are can obviously improve, covering polylactic acid non-woven fabrics can be to plant between this illustrates ridge
Object provides less salt damp soil environment, promotes the emergence and growth of plant.
After field management 60 days, the replacement of covering non-woven fabrics is carried out.
Embodiment 3
It is tested in Kelamayi multi-form agriculture area：
Sorghum (the high 5cm in ridge, row spacing 30cm, ridge spacing 50cm, application rate are 14230 caves/mu) is sowed on ridge, is then covered
Trickle irrigation is carried out under film, and (trickle irrigation amount is 3760m3.hm-2), while bare area between ridge is smooth, it is 100g/m by surface density2Polyester without
Woven fabric is combined closely with bare area, and the cladding thickness of polyester non-woven fabric is 2mm, cover width 50cm.In the present embodiment, trickle irrigation
Salinity between ridge at exposed soil to moving on moisture carrying ridge afterwards, and with the evaporation of moisture, salinity enters polyester non-woven fabric (covering
Layer) in, and coating cap rock is captured.
After carrying out field management 25 days, the salt content of soil topsoil is detected, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 covers the influence to different depth soil layer salt content
It can be seen from Table 3 that after covering polyester non-woven fabric between ridge, the salt content of soil topsoil lowers.
After field management 25 days, emergence and the growing way of sorghum are observed, as a result as shown in Fig. 5~6.Fig. 5 is implementation of the present invention
It is that the embodiment of the present invention 3 carries not covered between the ridge that example 3 provides and cultivate the emergence of sorghum and growing way situation, Fig. 6 under the conditions of non-woven fabrics
Emergence and the growing way situation of sorghum are cultivated between the ridge of confession under the conditions of covering non-woven fabrics.By Fig. 5~6 as can be seen that being covered between ridge
After polyester non-woven fabric, emergence and the growing way of plant are can obviously improve, covering polyester non-woven fabric can carry for plant between this illustrates ridge
For less salt damp soil environment, promote the emergence and growth of plant.
After field management 60 days, the replacement of covering non-woven fabrics is carried out.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil, include the following steps：
Sowing and overlay film, the breeding crops by the way of under-film drip irrigation are carried out on the ridge in salt-soda soil；It is saline and alkaline during crop is cultivated
Non- overlay film region overlay non-woven fabrics between the ridge on ground.
2. the methods of cultivation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the non-woven fabrics includes polylactic acid non-woven fabrics, polyester
It is one or more in non-woven fabrics, acrylic fibers non-woven fabrics, nonwoven polypropylene fabric and polyamide fibre non-woven fabrics.
3. the methods of cultivation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the surface density of the non-woven fabrics is 100~200g/m2。
4. the methods of cultivation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cladding thickness of the non-woven fabrics is 1~4mm.
5. the methods of cultivation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cover width of the non-woven fabrics is 30~50cm.
6. the methods of cultivation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that during the crop is cultivated, interval 30~90 days is right
The non-woven fabrics of covering is replaced.
7. the methods of cultivation according to claim 6, which is characterized in that after the non-woven fabrics under replacing is washed and is dried,
It reuses.
8. the methods of cultivation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the height on the ridge is 5~10cm；The width on the ridge
Degree is 30~35cm.
9. the methods of cultivation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that during the crop is cultivated, the under-film drip irrigation
Trickle irrigation amount is 3750~3800m3.hm-2。
10. according to claim 1~9 any one of them methods of cultivation, which is characterized in that the salt content in the salt-soda soil is 30
~50g/kg.
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| CN201810393149.9A CN108566794A (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2018-04-27 | A kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109392348A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-01 | 杨龙斌 | A method of reducing soil secondary salinization |
| CN109429601A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-08 | 天水师范学院 | A kind of inland alkaline land soil restorative procedure based on covering and recycling ground cloth |
| CN109601050A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-04-12 | 石河子大学 | Level for administering the poly- phenomenon of soil salt table turns over technology |
| CN109964742A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-05 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of biology less salt prevention and treatment saliferous method of muskmelon facility operation |
| CN110603919A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-24 | 石河子大学 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil |
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