CN103392487A - Arid region saline-alkali soil biology improvement method - Google Patents
Arid region saline-alkali soil biology improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103392487A CN103392487A CN2013103506966A CN201310350696A CN103392487A CN 103392487 A CN103392487 A CN 103392487A CN 2013103506966 A CN2013103506966 A CN 2013103506966A CN 201310350696 A CN201310350696 A CN 201310350696A CN 103392487 A CN103392487 A CN 103392487A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an arid region saline-alkali soil biology improvement method which comprises the following steps: conducting ditching salt avoidance and drip irrigation salt drench to create a low salt moist soil environment that seed germination needs, in the first year, excess salt of farmland plough layer soil is removed through halophyte above ground part cradling, and in the second year, improvement of soil fertility can be realized through salt tolerance leguminous green manure plant. The method is sample and convenient to operate and low in cost, by adopting the halophyte to gather salt and salt tolerance leguminous green manure plant to fertility soil, rapid desalt fertility of saline alkali soil can be realized, saline-alkali soil biology improvement and cyclic utilization mode is built, and the problem that saline-alkali soil common water conservancy improvement is difficult under the background of water resource shortage is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of saline and alkali land improvement method, specifically the biological desalination fertilizer application method in a kind of arid biogeographic zone saline land.
Background technology
Saline and alkaline soil extensively distributes in Xinjiang, is subjected to the impact of arid climate and sealing interior basin, and regional saline and alkaline soil has the characteristics such as area is large, type is many, salification is heavy, formation is complicated, the saline-alkali soil gross area approximately 8.476 * 10
6Hm
2.In existing the arable land, have 31% area to be subject to saline and alkaline harm, soil secondary salinization is the threatening area Regional Cultivated Land Resources Security, affect the key factor of Farmland Productivity raising.At present, China's cultivated land resource more fully excavates, conventional Farmland Productivity level further promotes and faces bottleneck, and saline land utilizes the raising of technical capability will increase substantially the salination middle-and-low-yielding fields level of the productive forces and agricultural production efficiency, and this will promote and produce material impact China's arable land farming production capacity.
The high-efficiency continuous exploitation in saline land need technical support.Since the sixties in 20th century, large-scale farmland water conservancy works construction has been carried out in Xinjiang, build the filling drainage system, tens million of mu of saline-alkali wastelands are opened up wasteland as farmland, find out the method in the saline land such as the improvement such as large hydraulic pressure salt, vertical shaft irrigation and drainage, but be subject to the regional water resources deficiency, the scale and the long-term difficulty of effect that develop saline-alkali soil have large breakthrough.1996 start, the under-film drip irrigation technology is widelyd popularize and is applied in Xinjiang, in the agricultural water conservation field, obtained breakthrough, the promotion arable area enlarges, but drip irrigation technique has also changed traditional water salt migrational mode when improving water use efficiency, salinity constantly accumulates on plow layer and can't get rid of farmland, has formed modern remaining solonchak.
For finding scientific and reasonable improvement method; 2009 begin; digest and assimilate alkaline land improving and improvement technology; we have studied the impact of halophytes plantation on alkaline land soil physical property, soil chemical properties and Biological character of soil; introduce and filter out Eco-economic Type halophytes kind and the salt tolerant leguminous green manure kind of Production Zones Suitable heavy saline large-scale planting, proposed the exploitation saline land technical system that biological modification is administered the method in saline land and set up " drip irrigation+biological salt discharge+rapid aging ".The shown outstanding effect of this new technology system is that water saving, Soil Desalting speed are fast, soil fertility promotes rapidly, and the soil productivity level can increase substantially in 2-3.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of arid biogeographic zone saline land biological modification method, at first the method is ditched and is kept away salt, drip irrigation is drenched salt to create the moistening soil environment of the required less salt of seed germination, First Year cradles to remove the too much salinity of farming operation layer soil by the halophytes acrial part, and Second Year is realized improvement of soil fertility by salt tolerant leguminous green manure plant.This method is easy and simple to handle, cost is low, utilizes the characteristics of the high enrichment salinity of halophytes and salt tolerant leguminous green manure plant fertilizing soil, has realized that the quick desalination of salt affected soil is fostered and apply fertilizer.Built biological modification and the Cycling And Utilizing Patterns in saline land, alleviated the conventional water conservancy improvement in saline land under the shortage of water resources background and be difficult to tie up a difficult problem that continues.
A kind of arid biogeographic zone of the present invention saline land biological modification method follows these steps to carry out:
A, level land: select heavy saline, before sowing, plough, rake and smooth operation;
B, First Year farming:
The machinery trench digging: ditch spacing 0.6-1.0 m, ditching depth 10-15 cm's is parallel to the V-type shallow ridges, and the shallow ridges A/F is 30 cm;
Lay irrigate band: after the V-type shallow ridges is held successfully, at bottom of trench, lay irrigate band;
Sowing: select Suaeda salsa or wild mountain spinach, the both sides, irrigate band in shallow ridges by Suaeda salsa or wild mountain spinach seed broadcasting;
Irrigate: after planting pour water immediately, seeding stage is by every other day pouring water once, pour water at every turn and take moistening peak, just covered V-type shallow ridges bank as degree, when soil moisture is 15%, again pour water, pour water take two moistening peak, adjacent irrigate band average headways as 5-10 cm at every turn;
Harvesting: will take farmland out of after the harvesting of the acrial part of halophytes Suaeda salsa or wild mountain spinach;
C, Second Year farming:
On the heavy saline of First Year farming, re-start plough, rake and smooth;
The machinery trench digging: ditch spacing 0.6-1.0 m, ditching depth 10-15 cm's is parallel to the V-type shallow ridges, and the shallow ridges A/F is 30 cm;
Lay irrigate band: after the V-type shallow ridges is held successfully, at bottom of trench, lay irrigate band;
Sowing: the plant of fostering and apply fertilizer is selected salt tolerant leguminous plant daghestan sweet clover, and Sweetclover is sown in to both sides, irrigate band in shallow ridges;
Irrigate: after planting pour water immediately, seeding stage is by every other day pouring water once, pour water at every turn and take moistening peak, just covered V-type shallow ridges bank as degree, when soil moisture is 15%, again pour water, pour water take two moistening peak, adjacent irrigate band average headways as 5-10 cm at every turn;
One batch of daghestan sweet clover of harvesting at the beginning of mid-August to 9 month, will will take farmland out of after the acrial part harvesting, at the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month, the daghestan sweet clover of recurrence be ploughed deeply to processing.
The selected heavy saline of step a is the heavy saline that is not suitable for conventional crop farming.
Halophytes salt accumulation ability is strong, can, according to the soil salt situation, select plantation 1 year or continuous 2 years plantation halophytess to carry out Soil Desalting.
A kind of arid biogeographic zone of the present invention saline land biological modification method, the characteristics of the method are:
The salt submeter is poly-is the saline soil main feature, adopts to open that shallow ridges is kept away salt and drip irrigation drip washing salt assigns to create the moistening soil environment of seed germination less salt, to realize that plant is at the vertical seedling of salt affected soil.By the halophytes acrial part, cradle to remove the too much salinity of topsoil; By plantation salt tolerant leguminous green manure plant plait wooden slippers, realize improvement of soil fertility.The method of the invention, solved conventional water conservancy improvement in the not enough situation of water resource and be difficult to tie up a difficult problem that continues, for the utilization of saline and alkaline low-yield land efficient circulation and the quick improvement utilization of newly-ploughed saline land provide technical support.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
2009-2010, in the no longer cultivated heavy salinized ground of Kelamayi agricultural development, carried out experiment and demonstration:
A, level land: select to be not suitable for the heavy saline of conventional crop farming, before sowing, plough, rake and smooth operation;
B, First Year farming: 2009
The machinery trench digging: ditch spacing 0.6 m, ditching depth 10 cm's is parallel to the V-type shallow ridges, and the shallow ridges A/F is 30 cm;
Lay irrigate band: after the V-type shallow ridges is held successfully, at bottom of trench, lay irrigate band;
Sowing: the plantation Suaeda salsa, by Suaeda salsa seed broadcasting both sides, irrigate band in shallow ridges;
Irrigate: after planting pour water immediately, seeding stage is by every other day pouring water once, pour water at every turn and take moistening peak, just covered V-type shallow ridges bank as degree, when soil moisture is 15%, again pour water, pour water take two moistening peak, adjacent irrigate band average headways as 5-10 cm at every turn;
Harvesting: Suaeda salsa acrial part dry weight biomass then reaches 23193 kg/hm
2, will after the acrial part harvesting, take farmland out of, harvesting removes salt amount 6469 kg/hm
2, plow layer 0-30 cm soil salt reduces by 32.9 %;
C, Second Year farming: 2010
On the heavy saline of First Year farming, re-start plough, rake and smooth;
The machinery trench digging: ditch spacing 0.6m, ditching depth 10 cm's is parallel to the V-type shallow ridges, and the shallow ridges A/F is 30 cm;
Lay irrigate band: after the V-type shallow ridges is held successfully, at bottom of trench, lay irrigate band;
Sowing: the plant of fostering and apply fertilizer is selected salt tolerant leguminous plant daghestan sweet clover, and Sweetclover is sown in to both sides, irrigate band in shallow ridges;
Irrigate: after planting pour water immediately, seeding stage is by every other day pouring water once, pour water at every turn and take moistening peak, just covered V-type shallow ridges bank as degree, when soil moisture is 15%, again pour water, pour water take two moistening peak, adjacent irrigate band average headways as 5-10 cm at every turn;
The plantation daghestan sweet clover,
One batch of daghestan sweet clover of harvesting at the beginning of mid-August to 9 month, to after the acrial part harvesting, to take farmland out of, at the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month, the daghestan sweet clover of recurrence is ploughed deeply to processing, bulk density of soil decline 12.2 %, soil porosity increases by 19.7%, organic, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increase respectively 30.5 %, 18.6 %, 15.2 %, and the alkaline land soil structure has had obvious improvement, and soil fertility obviously promotes.
Embodiment 2
2011-2012, on newly-ploughed saline land, Xiao Guai township, Kelamayi, test:
A, level land: select to be not suitable for the heavy saline of conventional crop farming, before sowing, plough, rake and smooth operation;
B, First Year farming: 2011
The machinery trench digging: ditch spacing 1.0 m, ditching depth 15 cm's is parallel to the V-type shallow ridges, and the shallow ridges A/F is 30 cm;
Lay irrigate band: after the V-type shallow ridges is held successfully, at bottom of trench, lay irrigate band;
Sowing: select wild mountain spinach, by wild mountain spinach seed broadcasting both sides, irrigate band in shallow ridges;
Irrigate: after planting pour water immediately, seeding stage is by every other day pouring water once, pour water at every turn and take moistening peak, just covered V-type shallow ridges bank as degree, when soil moisture is 15%, again pour water, pour water take two moistening peak, adjacent irrigate band average headways as 5-10 cm at every turn;
Harvesting: will after the harvesting of the acrial part of wild mountain spinach, take farmland out of, acrial part dry weight biomass reaches 30182 kg/hm then
2, harvesting removes salt amount 7016 kg/hm
2, plow layer 0-30 cm soil salt reduces by 39.6 %;
C, Second Year farming: 2012
On the heavy saline of First Year farming, re-start plough, rake and smooth;
The machinery trench digging: ditch spacing 0.6-1.0 m, ditching depth 10-15 cm's is parallel to the V-type shallow ridges, and the shallow ridges A/F is 30 cm;
Lay irrigate band: after the V-type shallow ridges is held successfully, at bottom of trench, lay irrigate band;
Sowing: the plant of fostering and apply fertilizer is selected salt tolerant leguminous plant daghestan sweet clover, and Sweetclover is sown in to both sides, irrigate band in shallow ridges;
Irrigate: after planting pour water immediately, seeding stage is by every other day pouring water once, pour water at every turn and take moistening peak, just covered V-type shallow ridges bank as degree, when soil moisture is 15%, again pour water, pour water take two moistening peak, adjacent irrigate band average headways as 5-10 cm at every turn;
One batch of daghestan sweet clover of harvesting at the beginning of mid-August to 9 month, to after the acrial part harvesting, to take farmland out of, at the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month, the daghestan sweet clover of recurrence is ploughed deeply to processing, bulk density of soil decline 14.2 %, soil porosity has increased by 21.1 %, and organic, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen have increased respectively 29.6 %, 21.2 %, 14.7 %.
Claims (2)
1. arid biogeographic zone saline land biological modification method is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
A, level land: select heavy saline, before sowing, plough, rake and smooth operation;
B, First Year farming:
The machinery trench digging: ditch spacing 0.6-1.0 m, ditching depth 10-15 cm's is parallel to the V-type shallow ridges, and the shallow ridges A/F is 30 cm;
Lay irrigate band: after the V-type shallow ridges is held successfully, at bottom of trench, lay irrigate band;
Sowing: select Suaeda salsa or wild mountain spinach, the both sides, irrigate band in shallow ridges by Suaeda salsa or wild mountain spinach seed broadcasting;
Irrigate: after planting pour water immediately, seeding stage is by every other day pouring water once, pour water at every turn and take moistening peak, just covered V-type shallow ridges bank as degree, when soil moisture is 15%, again pour water, pour water take two moistening peak, adjacent irrigate band average headways as 5-10 cm at every turn;
Harvesting: will take farmland out of after the harvesting of the acrial part of halophytes Suaeda salsa or wild mountain spinach;
C, Second Year farming:
On the heavy saline of First Year farming, re-start plough, rake and smooth;
The machinery trench digging: ditch spacing 0.6-1.0 m, ditching depth 10-15 cm's is parallel to the V-type shallow ridges, and the shallow ridges A/F is 30 cm;
Lay irrigate band: after the V-type shallow ridges is held successfully, at bottom of trench, lay irrigate band;
Sowing: the plant of fostering and apply fertilizer is selected salt tolerant leguminous plant daghestan sweet clover, and Sweetclover is sown in to both sides, irrigate band in shallow ridges;
Irrigate: after planting pour water immediately, seeding stage is by every other day pouring water once, pour water at every turn and take moistening peak, just covered V-type shallow ridges bank as degree, when soil moisture is 15%, again pour water, pour water take two moistening peak, adjacent irrigate band average headways as 5-10 cm at every turn;
One batch of daghestan sweet clover of harvesting at the beginning of mid-August to 9 month, will will take farmland out of after the acrial part harvesting, at the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month, the daghestan sweet clover of recurrence be ploughed deeply to processing.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the selected heavy saline of step a is the heavy saline that is not suitable for conventional crop farming.
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| CN104082031A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-10-08 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Arid region heavily-salted original soil afforesting method |
| CN104396541A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-11 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Long-acting improvement method for improving original slat stain soil of farmland in draughty region |
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| CN104938173A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-30 | 新疆新绿农业开发有限责任公司 | Method for planting sainfoin at saline-alkali slope wasteland of arid region |
| CN105027937A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-11 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for improving closed irrigation area saline-alkali land through combination of trees, shrubs and grass |
| CN105432178A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-03-30 | 北京碧青园园林绿化工程有限公司 | Salt elimination and construction method of seriously saline-alkali land |
| CN105580620A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-18 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Afforestation method for arid region secondary salinization land |
| CN105638017A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-06-08 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for improving hardened viscous heavy saline soil in arid region |
| CN105993577A (en) * | 2016-07-31 | 2016-10-12 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | Method for planting malus asiatica in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN106613119A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-05-10 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Planting method for salt-tolerant forage grass with brackish water irrigation in saline-alkali sand wasteland |
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| CN108575604A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-09-28 | 盐城市大丰区绿洲农业发展有限公司 | The pattern of farming and implantation methods of greenhouse salinization soil |
| CN109362466A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-02-22 | 山东柽霖生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of arid biogeographic zone heavy saline seedling growth |
| CN109601264A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-12 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A kind of method of drought-hit area alkaline earth building sustained release water-fertilizer library plantation Saline Forage |
| CN110972597A (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-04-10 | 上海交通大学 | Method for improving secondary salinization of facility vegetable field by utilizing symbiotic cultivation of lawn and vegetables |
| CN112243630A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Soil-improving and salt-transferring method for regional scale |
| CN112243630B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-07-05 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Soil-improving and salt-transferring method for regional scale |
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