CN104322238A - Process-machine integral cultivation method for cultivating potatoes in northern dry land - Google Patents
Process-machine integral cultivation method for cultivating potatoes in northern dry land Download PDFInfo
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- CN104322238A CN104322238A CN201410432376.XA CN201410432376A CN104322238A CN 104322238 A CN104322238 A CN 104322238A CN 201410432376 A CN201410432376 A CN 201410432376A CN 104322238 A CN104322238 A CN 104322238A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a process-machine integral cultivation method for cultivating potatoes in a northern dry land, and relates to the field of potato cultivation. Through adoption of the method, the benefit can be increased, and the cost can be saved. The method comprises: land selection; variety selection and potato seed treatment; fertilization; seeding: seeding by using a double-line potato planter integrating ditching, fertilization, seeding, suppression, film mulching and earthing; performing intertillage and ridging: performing mechanical intertillage and ridging twice: the first intertillage and ridging is performed during earth ejection of seedlings and comprises the steps of performing intertillage in furrows by adopting a rotary tillage earth adding machine, earthing up and pressing a film simultaneously, and adding 5 centimeters of earth, wherein the distance between a furrow and the ridge top is up to 12 centimeters, the ridge top is 50 centimeters in width, and the ridge bottom is 100 centimeters in width; spraying a soil enclosing weed killer by using a spray rod sprayer; the secondary cultivation and banking is performed by adopting a intertillage fertilizer distributor at the squaring stage of plants, wherein the ridging height is 5 centimeters, and potato seeds are 20 centimeters away from the earth surface; preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests; harvesting by using a machine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potato culture field, particularly relate to the machine integrated cultivation method of a kind of Drought land in North potato skill.
Background technology
Be important cereal crops and economic crops northern potato, the place of production of 80% is distributed in again arid, semiarid Hills underdeveloped.Drought, soil are barren, farming is extensive, backward in technique, cause potato large area high-yield and high-efficiency to be subject to serious restriction.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of Drought land in North potato skill machine integrated cultivation method, can increase the benefit, and save cost.
For achieving the above object, embodiments of the invention adopt following technical scheme:
The machine integrated cultivation method of a kind of Drought land in North potato skill, comprises the following steps:
Select plot;
Fruit variety, potato seed process: select improved seeds, healthy potato seed; Before sowing, 20d potato seed goes out cellar for storing things, is placed in the scattered light greenhouse of 16-20 DEG C, carries out vernalization, as the long 3-5mm of bud, stir up and down and make bud evenly form little green bud; Each stripping and slicing should have 1-3 eye, and average monolithic weight reaches 30-40g; Cutting knife cuts out disease potato all with the alcohol of 70% or the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of 0.5% before cutting kind with when to cut kind; Every 100kg potato seed thiophanate-methyl 70g adds talcum powder 1kg and dresses seed;
Fertilising: according to N5: P2: K10 regulation of fertilizer requirement fertilising; 70% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, 100% of phosphate fertilizer total amount, potash fertilizer total amount 50% do seed manure, supplement 150-225kg/hm
2magnesium sulfate and 15-30kg/hm
2zinc sulphate;
Sowing: select the two row potato planter integrating trench digging, fertilising, sowing, suppression, overlay film, earthing operation; When temperature reach 10-12 DEG C, ground temperature stable by 7-8 DEG C time, can sow, 10d sowing during plastic mulching, can be shifted to an earlier date; Adopt flat planting mode: trench digging, fertilising, sowing, suppression, overlay film, earthing once complete;
Cultivation and banking: a point secondary carries out mechanization cultivation and banking, first time carries out when seedling top soil, native machine furrow intertillage on rotary tilling-type, press mold of simultaneously earthing up, upper native 5cm, and furrow reaches 12cm to ridge heights of roofs, ridge top width 50cm, ridge bottom width 100cm; Spray soil closure weed killer herbicide with spray bar type spraying machine after completing, weed killer herbicide can be selected: closure weed killer herbicide, and weed killer herbicide can select Tian Pu (45% pendimethalin) microcapsules 2L/900kg water/hm
2, or Jin Douer (S-metolachlor) 1152g/900kg water/hm
2; Adopt cultivator-fertilizer to carry out second time cultivation and banking squaring period plant, ridging height 5cm, make potato seed arrive soil and express 20cm; Topdress, Nitrogen Top Dressing is 30% of total amount simultaneously, and potash fertilizer is 50% of total amount;
Prevention and elimination of disease and pests; Results.
Optionally, described prevention and elimination of disease and pests comprises:
Pest control: grub, mole cricket, wireworm, black cutworm 3% phoxim granule 60kg ~ 125kg/hm
2, ditch spread during sowing; Aphid clear (the Profenofos)/hm of the many worms of 250-500g
2spraying; 28 stars waft worm with 25% Acker Thailand (Diacloden) 90-150g/hm
2, spraying control; Beans blister beetle 4.5% r 450-750ml/hm
2;
Disease control:
Cultural control: crop rotation, avoids and solanaceous crops continuous cropping, pulls out diseased plant in time, removes weeds in field, improves penetrating condition; Select disease-resistant variety;
Chemical control: with 70% thiophanate-methyl or happy (2.5% fludioxonil) seed dressing in good time; Prevent and treat late blight: large raw (80% mancozeb) 1500g/hm of protectant
2, when field finds primary infection focus, select 72% gram of dew (64% mancozeb+8% cymoxanil mancozeb) pulvis 1200-1500g/hm
2, generation high (10% Difenoconazole) 600ml/hm
2, Amici reaches (Fluoxastrobin) 600ml/hm
2, Yin Fali (fluopicolide) 1200ml/hm
2alternating spray, every 7-10d once;
Optionally, described results comprise:
When field cauline leaf 2/3 turns yellow, gather in the crops in time; Be used as shifted to an earlier date 5d ~ 7d results of planting; Before results, 15d carries out killing seedling machine machinery and kills seedling.
The machine integrated cultivation method of Drought land in North potato skill that technique scheme provides, by the machine integrated light simple technology of the skill of the supporting small-sized machine of potato agronomic technique, the existing cultivation step of specification, changes the mode of production that tradition falls behind, improves potato whole economic efficiency; And machine receipts can reduce the loss of leakage receipts, reduce hurt, greatly improve work efficiency, saving cost of labor.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention; those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention, the experimental technique in following embodiment; if no special instructions, conventional method is.
Embodiments provide the machine integrated cultivation method of a kind of Drought land in North potato skill, comprise the following steps:
S1, selection plot.
Selection light loam, loam, the plot that physical features is smooth, area is large.
S2, Fruit variety, potato seed process: select improved seeds, healthy potato seed; Before sowing, 20d potato seed goes out cellar for storing things, is placed in the scattered light greenhouse of 16-20 DEG C, carries out vernalization, as the long 3-5mm of bud, stir up and down and make bud evenly form little green bud; Each stripping and slicing should have 1-3 eye, and average monolithic weight reaches 30-40g; Cutting knife cuts out disease potato all with the alcohol of 70% or the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of 0.5% before cutting kind with when to cut kind; Every 100kg potato seed thiophanate methyl 70g adds talcum powder 1kg and dresses seed.
S3, fertilising: according to N5: P2: K10 regulation of fertilizer requirement fertilising; 70% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, 100% of phosphate fertilizer total amount, potash fertilizer total amount 50% do seed manure, supplement 150-225kg/hm
2magnesium sulfate and 15-30kg/hm
2zinc sulphate.
S4, sowing: select the two row potato planter integrating trench digging, fertilising, sowing, suppression, overlay film, earthing operation; When temperature reach 10-12 DEG C, ground temperature stable by 7-8 DEG C time, can sow, 10d sowing during plastic mulching, can be shifted to an earlier date; Adopt flat planting mode: trench digging, fertilising, sowing, suppression, overlay film, earthing once complete.
S5, cultivation and banking: a point secondary carries out mechanization cultivation and banking, first time carries out when seedling top soil, native machine furrow intertillage on rotary tilling-type, press mold of simultaneously earthing up, upper native 5cm, and furrow reaches 12cm to ridge heights of roofs, ridge top width 50cm, ridge bottom width 100cm; Spray soil closure weed killer herbicide with spray bar type spraying machine after completing, weed killer herbicide can be selected: closure weed killer herbicide, and weed killer herbicide can select Tian Pu (45% pendimethalin) microcapsules 2L/900kg water/hm
2, or Jin Douer (S-metolachlor) 1152g/900kg water/hm
2; Adopt cultivator-fertilizer to carry out second time cultivation and banking squaring period plant, ridging height 5cm, make potato seed arrive soil and express 20cm; Topdress, Nitrogen Top Dressing is 30% of total amount simultaneously, and potash fertilizer is 50% of total amount.
S6, prevention and elimination of disease and pests; Mechanical harvest.
Optionally, described prevention and elimination of disease and pests comprises:
Pest control: grub, mole cricket, wireworm, black cutworm 3% phoxim granule 60kg ~ 125kg/hm
2, ditch spread during sowing; Aphid clear (the Profenofos)/hm of the many worms of 250-500g
2spraying; 28 stars waft worm with 25% Acker Thailand (Diacloden) 90-150g/hm
2, spraying control; Beans blister beetle 4.5% r 450-750ml/hm
2;
Disease control:
Cultural control: crop rotation, avoids and solanaceous crops continuous cropping, pulls out diseased plant in time, removes weeds in field, improves penetrating condition; Select disease-resistant variety;
Chemical control: with 70% thiophanate-methyl or happy (2.5% fludioxonil) seed dressing in good time; Prevent and treat late blight: large raw (80% mancozeb) 1500g/hm of protectant
2, when field finds primary infection focus, select 72% gram of dew (64% mancozeb+8% cymoxanil mancozeb) pulvis 1200-1500g/hm
2, generation high (10% Difenoconazole) 600ml/hm
2, Amici reaches (Fluoxastrobin) 600ml/hm
2, Yin Fali (fluopicolide) 1200ml/hm
2alternating spray, every 7-10d once.
Optionally, when field cauline leaf 2/3 turns yellow, gather in the crops in time; Be used as shifted to an earlier date 5d ~ 7d results of planting; Before results, 15d carries out killing seedling machine machinery and kills seedling.
Method provided by the invention is suitable for doing producing region in Jin Bei, Northwest Shanxi potato one season.
Apply method of the present invention, Potato Mechanization results can reduce to leak receives loss 50kg/667m
2, reduce hurt 30kg/667m
2, adopt the machine integrated cultivation of skill, can 300kg/667m be increased production
2, greatly improve work efficiency, save cost of labor.
Points for attention: adjustment, maintenance that machinery will be carried out when sowing, results in advance.During sowing: (1) regulates sprocket wheel before broadcasting, and reaches required spacing in the rows.(2) regulate fertilizer apparatus, control defertilizing amount well.(3) often observe kind of a cup during operation and hold kind of a situation, regulate in time.(4) tilling depth of plough is regulated.(5) the vertical lateral balance of frame is ensured.During the control of mechanical spray medicine, the locomotive speed of travel and interval width be calculated, in time clean shower nozzle, anti-clogging.To note during results adjusting reaping machine excavating depth.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should described be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (4)
1. the machine integrated cultivation method of Drought land in North potato skill, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Select plot;
Fruit variety, potato seed process;
Fertilising: according to N5: P2: K10 regulation of fertilizer requirement fertilising; 70% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, 100% of phosphate fertilizer total amount, potash fertilizer total amount 50% do seed manure, supplement 150-225kg/hm
2magnesium sulfate and 15-30kg/hm
2zinc sulphate;
Sowing: select the two row potato planter integrating trench digging, fertilising, sowing, suppression, overlay film, earthing operation; When temperature reach 10-12 DEG C, ground temperature stable by 7-8 DEG C time, can sow, 10d sowing during plastic mulching, can be shifted to an earlier date; Adopt flat planting mode: trench digging, fertilising, sowing, suppression, overlay film, earthing once complete;
Cultivation and banking: a point secondary carries out mechanization cultivation and banking, first time carries out when seedling top soil, native machine furrow intertillage on rotary tilling-type, press mold of simultaneously earthing up, upper native 5cm, and furrow reaches 12cm to ridge heights of roofs, ridge top width 50cm, ridge bottom width 100cm; Spray soil closure weed killer herbicide with spray bar type spraying machine after completing, weed killer herbicide can select the general microcapsules 2L/900kg water/hm in field
2, or gold all that 1152g/900kg water/hm
2; Adopt cultivator-fertilizer to carry out second time cultivation and banking squaring period plant, ridging height 5cm, make potato seed arrive soil and express 20cm; Topdress, Nitrogen Top Dressing is 30% of total amount simultaneously, and potash fertilizer is 50% of total amount;
Prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
Mechanical harvest.
2. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Fruit variety, potato seed process comprise: select improved seeds, healthy potato seed; Before sowing, 20d potato seed goes out cellar for storing things, is placed in the scattered light greenhouse of 16-20 DEG C, carries out vernalization, as the long 3-5mm of bud, stir up and down and make bud evenly form little green bud; Each stripping and slicing should have 1-3 eye, and average monolithic weight reaches 30-40g; Cutting knife cuts out disease potato all with the alcohol of 70% or the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of 0.5% before cutting kind with when to cut kind; Every 100kg potato seed thiophanate-methyl 70g+ talcum powder 1kg dresses seed.
3. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described prevention and elimination of disease and pests comprises:
Pest control: grub, mole cricket, wireworm, black cutworm 3% phoxim granule 60kg ~ 125kg/hm
2, ditch spread during sowing; Aphid with the many worms of 250-500g clear/hm
2spraying; 28 stars waft worm with 25% the safe 90-150g/hm of Acker
2, spraying control; Beans blister beetle 4.5% r 450-750ml/hm
2;
Disease control:
Cultural control: crop rotation, avoids and solanaceous crops continuous cropping, pulls out diseased plant in time, removes weeds in field, improves penetrating condition; Select disease-resistant variety;
Chemical control: with 70% thiophanate-methyl or happy seed dressing in good time; Prevent and treat late blight: the large raw 1500g/hm of protectant
2, when field finds primary infection focus, select 72% gram to reveal pulvis 1200-1500g/hm
2, generation height 600ml/hm
2, Amici reaches 600ml/hm
2, Yin Fali 1200ml/hm
2alternating spray, every 7-10d once.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described results comprise:
When field cauline leaf 2/3 turns yellow, gather in the crops in time; Be used as shifted to an earlier date 5d ~ 7d results of planting; Before results, 15d carries out killing seedling machine machinery and kills seedling.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104798589A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-07-29 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Mechanized planting method for performing whole plastic-film mulching on potatoes on dry land |
| CN105660095A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Mechanical winter culture method for ramie |
| CN110291908A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-10-01 | 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所（宁夏植物病虫害防治重点实验室） | A method of prevention and treatment potato weeds in field |
| CN111264326A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-12 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method |
| CN113498720A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-10-15 | 呼伦贝尔市农牧科学研究所 | Potato cultivation method |
| CN114128579A (en) * | 2021-12-12 | 2022-03-04 | 淄博市农业科学研究院 | Water and fertilizer accurate utilization cultivation method for potato in bud orientation seeding |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104798589A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-07-29 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Mechanized planting method for performing whole plastic-film mulching on potatoes on dry land |
| CN105660095A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Mechanical winter culture method for ramie |
| CN110291908A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-10-01 | 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所（宁夏植物病虫害防治重点实验室） | A method of prevention and treatment potato weeds in field |
| CN111264326A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-12 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method |
| CN113498720A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-10-15 | 呼伦贝尔市农牧科学研究所 | Potato cultivation method |
| CN113498720B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-05-12 | 呼伦贝尔市农牧科学研究所 | Cultivation method of potatoes |
| CN114128579A (en) * | 2021-12-12 | 2022-03-04 | 淄博市农业科学研究院 | Water and fertilizer accurate utilization cultivation method for potato in bud orientation seeding |
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