CN109588253A - A kind of sugarcane mechanization implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of sugarcane mechanization implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN109588253A CN109588253A CN201811621858.4A CN201811621858A CN109588253A CN 109588253 A CN109588253 A CN 109588253A CN 201811621858 A CN201811621858 A CN 201811621858A CN 109588253 A CN109588253 A CN 109588253A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
- A01D45/10—Harvesting of standing crops of sugar cane
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of sugarcane mechanization implantation methods, and include the following steps: step S1: site preparation, step S2: variety selection and seedling stem prepare, step S3: planting with machinery, step S4: field management, step S5: mechanical harvest.This cane planting method whole process is using mechanical site preparation, plantation, management, harvest, and agronomy is improved and is combined with agricultural equipment adjustment, to each planting link setting index strict control, it can be achieved that mechanization is precisely planted, and the quality and yield of sugarcane can be improved, 7 ton/mu of sugarcane yield or more, wherein in big 4700/mu of stem kind, every 1.50 kg or more, middle 5500/mu of stem kind, every 1.3 kg or more, sugarcane maturity period are averaged 14% or more Sucrose；Meanwhile being cultivated than conventional sugarcane and saving 15% or more production cost, improve benefit 10% or more.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivation of sugar cane technical fields, specifically provide a kind of sugarcane mechanization implantation methods.
Background technique
Sugar rich in sugarcane is the important sugaring raw material in China, and main plantation is in Guangdong, wide of south China
The torrid areas such as west, Fujian, Yunnan, Hainan.The plantation of sugarcane generally uses pre-cut kind formula to plant, i.e., sugarcane is cut into preparatory incite somebody to action
Sugarcane is cut into several segments, and every segment contains 1~2 bud, and the sugarcane kind section for then again cutting these is taken away plantation.Currently, sweet
Sugarcane plantation can't implement entire mechanization plantation, and the equipment of sugarcane site preparation is generally common apparatus on the market, Bu Nenggen
Adjustment according to sugarcane agronomy matches, and cannot execute the shallow earthing cropping pattern of subsoiling of sugarcane well.Further, since sugarcane kind
Duan Butai is straight, also long, it is easy to which card type is unsuitable for implementation mechanization and puts kind automatically.Currently, cane planting is generally still adopted
Kind is manually put, i.e., is manually sitting in the movement on planting machine with planting machine and puts kind.Planting machine is started on one side, is launching on one side
Fertilising and automatic earthing in the kind planting ditch of sugarcane kind section.Although card type can be prevented by manually putting kind, guarantee the continuous effective of planting machine
Operating, but labor intensity is larger, efficiency is lower, manually puts and plants the phenomenon that being also easy to appear broadcast leakage or replay, planting density (
Every) etc. also bad control, influence the yield of sugarcane.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming drawbacks described above, provide a kind of sugarcane mechanization implantation methods, reduce sugarcane production at
Originally, the yield and quality of cane planting is improved.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of sugarcane mechanization implantation methods include the following steps:
Step S1: site preparation specifically includes:
A1: stubble-cleaning, with the heavy duty harrow of 2.5~4.5m of tractor-drawn working width more than 165 horsepowers, to miscellaneous in earth's surface
Grass, sugarcane leaf and the chopping of sugarcane head, shred 8~12cm of length, percentage of damage >=90%, surface soil scarifying, 15~18cm of depth；
A2: level land, with the smooth sugarcane field of land leveller of 3.6~5.4m of tractor-drawn working width more than 165 horsepowers, by slope
Degree, topography are taken advantage of a situation smooth, plot flatness≤3cm, flatness qualification rate >=80% after operation；
A3: sugarcane ground subsoiling is carried out with 5~7 tooth depth pine devices of the above tractor suspension 2.3~3.3m of working width of 165 horsepowers
The Subsoiler of tilling depth 50cm or more, subsoiling device intercolumniation 45~50cm, every column deep loosening tooth 35~40cm of working width, using unidirectional depth
The mode operation of pine, for Subsoiler to penetrate plough sole, not broken subsoil is principle, is not balked, with making sugarcane deep, loose, broken, flat；
A4: starting powder ditch in advance, starts powder ditch with tractor suspensions more than 90 horsepowers equipped with GPS navigation system
Device carries out precise positioning and starts, is 2.3~2.6 meters by line-spacing and starts in advance, row 25~40cm of trench depth, wide by 60 on row ditch~
80cm, ditch 30~40cm of bottom width, bottom of trench loose soil are flat, fine crushing.
Step S2: seedling stem prepare, with kind of machine of cutting by the sugarcane stem of health seedling be cut into 3.0~4.5cm simple bud section sugarcane kind or
Person is cut into the double bud sections sugarcane kind of 15~25cm；Winter plants sugarcane and preferably uses double bud sections sugarcane kind, and spring planting sugarcane and fall planting sugarcane preferably use simple bud section
Sugarcane kind.
Step S3: planting with machinery: integral type planting machine is hung with the above tractor of 120 horsepowers, is holding row ditch successfully
Disposably complete to sugarcane fertilising, pendulum kind, earthing, spray, epiphragma process:
B1: fertilising, the nitro diamines compound fertilizer (N:P:K=19:27:0) for applying 20~30kg per acre make base manure, add insect prevention
125~150g/ mus of agent (insect-proof agent that optional insect-proof agent on the market can also be purchased on the market is compounded with synergist)；
B2: pendulum kind, the amount of sowing 1740~2320 bud per acre, two row sugarcane kind 30~35cm of spacing, and be staggered pendulum in isosceles triangle
Kind；30~35cm of planting depth；
B3: earthing, thickness of earth covering 5cm~8cm reveal bud rate≤3%；
B4: spray kind of a planting ditch, using selling city's herbicide and by specification dosage sprays；
B5: epiphragma carries out covering sown scope, mulch dew with the colorless and transparent mulch with a thickness of 0.01mm, 70~80cm of width
Light transmission part is no less than 35~40cm out, film week blinding it is closely knit, it is not hollow, be pierced by film in most of sugarcane seedling (60% or more)
Outside, temperature stabilization takes off film at 20 DEG C or more, and carries out intertillage nursing.
Step S4: field management specifically includes following aspect:
C1: intertillage soil dressing is carried out intertillage operation in the sugarcane early tillering stage, is hung using 40~100 horsepower tractors
Wide row fertilising banking machine carries out intertillage fertilising ridging, and fertilising makes Hang Goutu apart from sugarcane 10~13cm of the root and stem of certain plants, ridging 10~15cm of height
It remains basically stable with ground；Nitro phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer (N:P:K=22:8:10) or the 20~25kg sugarcane for applying 20~25kg per acre are rich
Precious Liquid Fertilizer (N:P:K=140:60:120)；
C2: the big ridging of intertillage carries out at sugarcane jointing initial stage, using the suspension wide row fertilising of 40~100 horsepower tractors
Banking machine carries out the big ridging of intertillage fertilising, and depth of implements 20cm~30cm makes deep application of fertilizer and few wound apart from sugarcane 14~16cm of the root and stem of certain plants
Root；Apply per acre 40~50kg nitro phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer (N:P:K=20:8:15) or the rich precious Liquid Fertilizer of 40~50kg sugarcane (N:
P:K=140:60:120), a height of 8cm~10cm in ridge after ridging tamps sugarcane clump base portion and forms turtleback shape, avoids the occurrence of U-shaped sugarcane ridge
It is fallen into empty in the middle part of sugarcane clump；Fertilizer coverage rate >=90%, earth up qualification rate > 80%；
C3: weeding in the ranks when sugarcane weeds grow to 8~12cm, is dragged during the growth of sugarcane with 40~100 horsepowers
Machine drawing suspension rotary tillage weeder carries out milling machinery weeding, loosens the soil；
C4: applying and attack stem fertilizer, increases in the sugarcane production later period and once attacks stem fertilizer, the nitro phosphorus potassium for applying 20~25kg per acre is multiple
Hefei (N:P:K=20:8:15) or the rich precious Liquid Fertilizer (N:P:K=140:60:120) of 20~25kg sugarcane, and add insect-proof agent 100~
125g/ mus；
C5: water management routinely manages, and irrigates in time, it is ensured that the moisture supply in sugarcane each growth period；Do not irrigate item
The sugarcane district of part can be used envelope ditch water storage and be taked precautions against drought with sugarcane leaf mulch surface process；
C6: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, snout moth's larva, thrips, continuous prevention and control of aphids apply insect-proof agent when applying base manure and attacking stem fertilizer；The tip is rotten
Disease, brown streak, rust prevention and treatment, early stage select 50% carbendazim or 75% Bravo wettable powder or 65% zineb can
500~1000 times of wet powder liquid 7 days sprays 1 time, even spray 2~3 times；Or with 400~600 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder
Liquid is mixed with 25% meter of 1500 times of liquid of fresh amine suspension, spraying primary every 15 days, even spray 3 times；Or with 32.5%
A meter Miao receive 1500~2000 times of suspension spray 1~2 time.
Step S5: combine harvest:
D1: Deere CH530 or Keyes's A8000 segmenting type harvester can be used in combined harvester, and mating field transfer car(buggy) is made
Industry；
D2: the selection plant phase is identical as far as possible, maturity is consistent, yield level is suitable, varietal characteristic (such as disleave, resistant to lodging
Property, sugarcane stem tissue crispness) similar plot concentrative operation in flakes.Early-maturing variety is first harvested, receives middle-late ripening variety afterwards；First harvest
Fall planting sugarcane, stubble cane, after cut harvest season plant, spring planting sugarcane, should be harvested to the sugarcane for root of staying overnight after mid-January；
D3: cleaning field stone etc. damages the sundries and barrier of equipment before harvest, tamps light and shade pit zanjon, evens soil out
Packet；The edge of a field should have 6m or more turning u-turn space, and such as insufficient space, it is empty to reserve turning u-turn to gather in the edge of a field sugarcane in advance
Between, furrow is flattened after harvesting, is walked convenient for equipment；
D4: harvest preferably carries out under the conditions of no rain, and harvester, field, which turn entrucking, to be entered and left by the edge of a field, in the ranks travels along sugarcane,
The sugarcane root and stem of certain plants must not be rolled across furrow, harvest sugarcane into factory, enters to squeeze no more than 24 hours in time.
Further, further include step S6: stubble cane management, specific as follows:
E1: stump, with tractor band flat stubble machines more than 90 horsepowers, bury 3~5cm, stump high position bud, promotes low level
Bud growth；
E2: the broken ridge pine root and stem of certain plants carries out brokenly the ridge pine root and stem of certain plants in the fair weather that temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, using 140 or more horsepower and is equipped with
The tractor band pine furrow device of navigation control system carries out operation in default route using navigation control system, breaks ridge culture industry and plough
Depth is 25~35cm, controls sugarcane damage ratio≤5%；
E3: fertilising, medicine, epiphragma, fertilising, medicine and ridging epiphragma are carried out simultaneously, are completed before by the end of March, fertilising, dose with newly
It is identical to plant sugarcane；The same new plant cane of other field management measures, but the management time does sth. in advance 15~20 days than new plant cane.
Further, in step S1, selection can plough soil thickness 60cm or more, the sandy loam of PH 5.0~7.0 or light viscous
Soil grows cane；Sugarcane field tractor-ploughing road surface is wide >=4m, height difference≤5cm between field and road surface.
Further, in step S2, the sugar cane breed selected is selects high yield, high sugar, resistance, perennial root good, tiller
Power is strong, high at stem rate, stem tiller growing way is neat, the suitable for mechanization cultivar of upright anti-fall, easy disleave, such as osmanthus sugared No. 29, osmanthus
Any one of kinds (strain) such as sugar 44, osmanthus sugar 49, osmanthus sugar 08~120, osmanthus sugar 08~1589.
Further, in step S2, the sugarcane kind cut is put into soak seed 25~30 minutes in coating agent after, pick up and dry, into
It takes away again plantation after row vacuum packaging；The seed soaking coating agent is made of following parts by weight ingredient: 10 parts of water-retaining agent, bleeding agent
6 parts, 0.5 part of 40% difenoconazole, 1 part of 40% Prochloraz, 35% 1 part of chlorine worm benzamide, yellow 5 parts of potassium humate, paclobutrazol
0.1 part, surplus be water.Simple bud sugarcane germination percentage after the sugarcane kind section seed soaking Cotton seeds cut is high, emergence is fast, tiller is more,
Diseases prevention vermins-proof effect is good simultaneously；In conjunction with vacuum packing machine technology, it is ensured that the quality of sugarcane seedling stem, and extend storage period, save kind
The transportation cost of seedling.
Further, in step B3, rainy season shallow earthing is met, is not suppressed after earthing, after remaining period earthing, planting machine is mating
The cylindrical pack roller being adapted with sown scope width is compacted.
Further, in step B4, herbicide can with 150~200g/ mus of 40% atrazine suspending agent or 90% atrazine
40~50g/ mus of soluble powder, add 40mL/ mus of 80% acetochlor ec, is watered 50~75kg/ mus and is made into herbicide mixed liquor,
Row ditch is planted in even sprinkling.
Further, in step B5, if soil relative water content 70% hereinafter, drench sufficient water before spray herbicide, make soil
Earth relative water content is in 70% or more epiphragma again.
Further, in step S3, the planting machine includes the rack in band connection portion, and pendulum kind machine is equipped with below the rack
Structure, casing mechanism, epiphragma mechanism, rack top are equipped with feed mechanism, fertilizing mechanism and chemical spraying mechanism；The feed mechanism includes
Spaced first feed mechanism in left and right and the second feed mechanism, first feed mechanism and the second feed mechanism include
Upper and lower opening leads kind of a frame, transmission device and Openworks shape sowing port, the transmission device include the transmission gear that front and back is arranged and
The conveyer belt being set on transmission gear, is arranged at intervals with lateral partitions on the conveyer belt, described to lead kind of an erection and be placed in transmission
Above the front end of device, the sowing port is set in the rack of transmission device end；The sowing port of first feed mechanism and
It is arranged in a staggered manner before and after the sowing port of two feed mechanisms；The Bai Zhong mechanism includes the first Bai Zhong mechanism corresponding with the sowing port
With the second Bai Zhong mechanism, first Bai Zhong mechanism and the second Bai Zhong mechanism include putting kind of funnel and being arranged at intervals on pendulum kind to leak
First pendulum kind positioning plate of bucket lower section and the second pendulum kind positioning plate, the first pendulum kind positioning plate and the second pendulum kind positioning plate are parallel to kind
Plant machine direction of travel.
In use, the interconnecting piece by rack connects this sugarcane planting machine and tractor, and driven by tractor
The walking of this planting machine.Two people carry out manually putting kind respectively in the two sides of rack, i.e., manually by the double bud kinds of the sugarcane cut in advance
Section, which is put into, to be led in kind of frame, is led kind of a sugarcane kind section for frame lower end discharge and is just fallen in the interval of the two neighboring partition of conveyer belt, and
It is moved with the rotation of conveyer belt, sugarcane kind section is fairly fallen in sowing port when being moved to transmission device end, and from seeding
Mouth is discharged into the plantation row between the first pendulum kind positioning plate and the second pendulum kind positioning plate.First feed mechanism and the second sead feeder
Structure puts kind of a sowing simultaneously, is arranged in a staggered manner before and after the sowing port of the first feed mechanism and the sowing port of the second feed mechanism, can make to arrange
Sugarcane kind out is planted in Chinese character pin-shaped duplicate rows seeding.It is planted using feed mechanism seeding, compared to traditional artificial seeding, be can avoid
Broadcast leakage or replay, and thickness of sowing is controllable, 1600-2400 bud of the amount of sowing, is advantageously implemented mechanization and precisely plants, really per acre
Protect the planting density and yield of sugarcane.Further, since sugarcane kind section some be curved, also long, it is easy to there is card type
Phenomenon, by transmission device seeding compared to directly by transmission shaft seeding, seeds-blocking phenomenon can be reduced, and if there is card type, may be used also
It puts sugarcane kind section by manually dredging to lead kind of frame or mend in conveyer belt and remedies in time, realize the continuous effective sowing of sugarcane, effect
Rate is high, can sow 5-7 mus per hour, plants 2-3 mus/hour than tradition machinery, improves 1 times or more.
Further, rotary tillage mechanism is additionally provided in front of the Bai Zhong mechanism, the rotary tillage mechanism includes rotary tillage shaft and sets
Rotary blade in rotary tillage shaft, the middle front of rotary tillage shaft are additionally provided with rotary plow, and the rotary blade of the rotary plow two sides is symmetrical
Setting；The rotary tillage shaft is connected by transmission shaft with the hydraulic motor of tractor.The subsoiling hack that takes a step forward is planted, soil is improved
The granularity of earth is conducive to the growth of sugarcane.
Advantages of the present invention: 1, this cane planting method whole process is using mechanical site preparation, plantation, harvest, and agronomy is improved
It is combined with agricultural equipment adjustment, to each planting link setting index strict control, it can be achieved that mechanization is precisely planted, and energy
Improve the quality and yield of sugarcane, 7 ton/mu of sugarcane yield or more, wherein in big 4700/mu of stem kind, every 1.50kg with
On, middle 5500/mu of stem kind, every 1.3kg or more, the sugarcane maturity period is averaged 14% or more Sucrose；Meanwhile it is sweeter than tradition
15% or more production cost is saved in sugarcane cultivation, improves benefit 10% or more.
2, broadcast leakage or replay can avoid compared to traditional artificial seeding using the automatic seeding formula planting machine of Aided design,
And thickness of sowing is controllable, 1600-2400 bud of the amount of sowing, is advantageously implemented mechanization and precisely plants per acre, it is ensured that the kind of sugarcane
Density in planting and yield；Compared to directly by transmission shaft seeding, seeds-blocking phenomenon can be reduced, and if there is card type, can also be by artificial
Dredging, which is led kind of frame or mended in conveyer belt, puts sugarcane kind section and remedies in time, realizes the continuous effective sowing of sugarcane, and improves sugarcane
Sow efficiency.This planting machine can sow 5-7 mus per hour, plant 2-3 mus/hour than tradition machinery, and efficiency improves 1 times or more.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of planting machine of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural scheme of mechanism of planting machine feed mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural scheme of mechanism of planting machine Bai Zhong of the present invention mechanism.
Drawing reference numeral in figure are as follows: 1- rack, 2- rotary tillage mechanism, 3- Bai Zhong mechanism, 4- feed mechanism, the first seeding of 41-
Mechanism, the second feed mechanism of 42-, 5- lead kind of a frame, 6- transmission device, 7- sowing port, 8- transmission gear, 9- conveyer belt, 10- every
Plate, 11- transmission shaft, 12- retarder, 13- rotary tillage shaft, 14- rotary blade, 15- rotary plow, the pendulum kind positioning plate of 16- first, 17-
Second pendulum kind positioning plate, the vertical portion 171-, 172- rake, 18- connecting plate, 19- kinds of bank deposits portion, 20- kinds of bank deposits plate, 21- fence,
22- hydraulic lifting arm, 23- pendulum kind funnel, 24- lead kind of a plate.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a kind of sugarcane planting machine, the rack 1 including band connection portion are equipped with rotary tillage below the rack 1
Mechanism 2 and Bai Zhong mechanism 3, casing mechanism, epiphragma mechanism are equipped with feed mechanism 4, fertilizing mechanism and chemical spraying mechanism above rack 1.
Wherein, in figure not illustrated casing mechanism, epiphragma mechanism, fertilizing mechanism and chemical spraying mechanism with reference to equipment mechanism in the prior art into
Row assembling.
The feed mechanism 4 includes spaced first feed mechanism 41 in left and right and the second feed mechanism 42, and described the
One feed mechanism 41 and the second feed mechanism 42 lead kind of frame 5, transmission device 6 and Openworks shape sowing port 7 including upper and lower opening.
The transmission device 6 includes the transmission gear 8 that front and back is arranged and the conveyer belt 9 being set on transmission gear 8, the conveyer belt 9
On be arranged at intervals with lateral partitions 10.The gear of 42 front end of gear and the second feed mechanism of first feed mechanism, 41 front end passes through
Transmission shaft 11 rotates coaxially, and the transmission shaft 11 is also connected with retarder 12, and the retarder 12 is by transmission shaft 11 and draws
The hydraulic motor of machine is connected.Kind of the frame 5 of leading is set to above the front end of transmission device 6.Kind of the frame 5 of leading is upper and lower opening
Cuboid, leading 5 at least one side of kind of frame is frame structure.The angle obtuse angle between kind of frame 5 and conveyer belt 9 is led, the obtuse angle is 120 °.
The sowing port 7 is set in the rack 1 of 6 end of transmission device；The sowing port and the second feed mechanism of first feed mechanism 41
It is arranged in a staggered manner before and after 42 sowing port 7.
The Bai Zhong mechanism 3 include with the corresponding first Bai Zhong mechanism of sowing port 7 and the second Bai Zhong mechanism, described
One Bai Zhong mechanism and the second Bai Zhong mechanism include pendulum kind funnel 23 and the first pendulum kind for being arranged at intervals on 23 lower section of pendulum kind funnel
Positioning plate 16 and the second pendulum kind positioning plate 17.First pendulum kind positioning plate 16 includes parallel planting machine with the second pendulum kind positioning plate 17
The vertical portion 171 of direction of travel, and it is set to 171 front of vertical portion and inwardly inclined rake 172.First pendulum kind
It is equipped with horizontal connecting plate 18 at the top of positioning plate 16 and the second pendulum kind positioning plate 17, the connecting plate 18 is equipped with screw hole, described
Connecting plate 18 by bolt with rack 1 is detachable is connected.23 bucket of pendulum kind leakage is rectangular, the inclination on 23 right side of pendulum kind funnel
Degree is greater than the gradient in left side, 23 rear side lower section of pendulum kind of funnel be additionally provided with turn forward lead kind of plate 24；Be conducive to laterally fall
Sugarcane kind section dropped between the first pendulum kind positioning plate 16 and the second pendulum kind positioning plate 17 along the longitudinal discharge of pendulum kind funnel 23.
The rotary tillage mechanism 2 is set to 3 front of Bai Zhong mechanism, and the rotary tillage mechanism 2 is including rotary tillage shaft 13 and is set to rotation
The rotary blade 14 in shaft 13 is ploughed, the middle front of rotary tillage shaft 13 is additionally provided with rotary plow 15, the rotary blade 14 of 15 two sides of rotary plow
It is symmetrical arranged；The rotary tillage shaft 13 is connected by transmission shaft 11 with the hydraulic motor of tractor.The rotary blade 14 is in " 7 " word
The overbending direction of type bending, adjacent two rotary blades 14 is opposite.
1 two sides of rack are additionally provided with kinds of bank deposits portion 19, and the kinds of bank deposits portion 19 includes the kinds of bank deposits plate 20 hinged with rack 1 and sets
Fence 21 in 20 periphery of kinds of bank deposits plate.It is additionally provided with hydraulic lifting arm 22 between the rack 1 and kinds of bank deposits plate 20, by hydraulic lifting arm 22
Control kinds of bank deposits portion 19 is laid flat or packs up vertically.
Part is not directed in the planting machine to be the same as those in the prior art or can be realized by using the prior art.
Sugarcane is started into powder ditch using big-powered tractor heavy duty harrow stubble-cleaning, land leveller level land, subsoiling device subsoiling and GPS orientation
After reuse this planting machine plantation.In use, connected this sugarcane planting machine and tractor by the interconnecting piece of rack 1,
And this planting machine is driven to walk by tractor.Two people carry out manually putting kind respectively in the two sides of rack 1, i.e., will manually cut in advance
Good sugarcane kind section, which is put into, to be led in kind of frame 5, lead the discharge of 5 lower end of kind of frame sugarcane kind section just fall on conveyer belt 9 it is two neighboring every
It in the interval of plate 10, and is moved with the transmission of conveyer belt 9, sugarcane kind section is fairly fallen in when being moved to 6 end of transmission device
In sowing port 7, and it is discharged between the first pendulum kind positioning plate 16 and the second pendulum kind positioning plate 17 from sowing port 7 through pendulum kind funnel 23
Plantation row in.First feed mechanism 41 and the second feed mechanism 42 put kind of a sowing, the sowing port 7 of the first feed mechanism 41 simultaneously
It is arranged in a staggered manner with before and after the sowing port 7 of the second feed mechanism 42, the sugarcane kind section of discharge can be made to plant in Chinese character pin-shaped duplicate rows seeding.
It is planted using 4 seeding of feed mechanism, compared to traditional artificial seeding, can avoid broadcast leakage or replay, and thickness of sowing is controllable, per acre
1600-2400 bud of the amount of sowing, is advantageously implemented mechanization and precisely plants, it is ensured that the planting density and yield of sugarcane.In addition, by
In sugarcane kind section, some are curved, also long, it is easy to seeds-blocking phenomenon occur, by transmission device seeding compared to direct
By 11 seeding of transmission shaft, seeds-blocking phenomenon can be reduced, and if there is card type, can also lead kind of frame 5 or in conveyer belt 9 by manually dredging
Middle benefit is put sugarcane kind section and is remedied in time, realizes the continuous effective sowing of sugarcane, and improves sugarcane sowing efficiency.This planting machine is per small
When can sow 5-7 mus, planted 2-3 mu/hour than tradition machinery, raising 1 times or more.
Embodiment 2
The double high bases of 2000 mu of Guangxi sugar canes are planted using entire mechanization, and varieties of plant is osmanthus sugar 49, plantation side
Method includes the following steps:
Step S1: site preparation specifically includes:
A1: stubble-cleaning, with the heavy duty harrow of the tractor-drawn working width 2.5m of 165 horsepowers, to weeds, sugarcane leaf and the sugarcane in earth's surface
Head chopping, shreds 8~10cm of length, percentage of damage >=90%, surface soil scarifying, depth 15cm.
A2: level land, it is suitable by the gradient, topography with the smooth sugarcane field of land leveller of the tractor-drawn working width 3.6m of 165 horsepowers
Gesture is smooth, plot flatness≤3cm, flatness qualification rate >=80% after operation.
A3: sugarcane ground subsoiling carries out tilling depth 50cm with the 5 tooth depth pine devices of the above tractor suspension working width 2.3m of 165 horsepowers
Above Subsoiler, subsoiling device intercolumniation 45cm, every column deep loosening tooth working width 35cm, the operation by the way of unidirectional subsoiling are deep
To penetrate plough sole, not broken subsoil is principle, is not balked, with making sugarcane deep, loose, broken, flat for loose operation.
A4: starting powder ditch in advance, starts powder ditch device with the tractor suspension of 90 horsepowers equipped with GPS navigation system, into
Row precise positioning is started, and is 2.3 meters by line-spacing and starts in advance, row trench depth 30cm；Powder ditch is hung with the tractor of 90 horsepowers again
Device carries out powder ditch, and powder trench depth is 35cm, width 60cm on row ditch, ditch 30~40cm of bottom width, and bottom of trench loose soil is flat, fine crushing.
Step S2: seedling stem prepares, and the sugarcane stem of health seedling is cut into the simple bud section sugarcane kind of 3.0~4cm with kind of machine of cutting；It cuts
Sugarcane kind put into and soak seed 25-30 minutes in coating agent after, pick up and dry, plantation of taking away again after being vacuum-packed.The leaching
Kind coating agent is made of following parts by weight ingredient: 9 parts of water-retaining agent, 6 parts of bleeding agent, 0.7 part of 40% difenoconazole, 40% miaow are fresh
1 part of amine, 35% 1.2 parts of chlorine worm benzamide, yellow 5 parts of potassium humate, 0.1 part of paclobutrazol, surplus are water.
Step S3: planting with machinery: the planting machine of embodiment 1 is hung with 120 horsepower tractors, in the sugarcane for having held row ditch successfully
Disposably complete fertilising, pendulum kind, earthing, spray, epiphragma process in ground:
B1: fertilising, the nitro diamines compound fertilizer (N:P:K=19:27:0) for applying 25kg per acre make base manure, add insect-proof agent
130g/ mus；The insect-proof agent is made of Rynaxypyr, Diacloden and synergist by weight 16:8:1.
B2: pendulum kind, the amount of sowing 1800~2000 bud per acre, two row sugarcane kind 30~35cm of spacing, and be staggered pendulum in isosceles triangle
Kind；30~35cm of planting depth.
B3: earthing, thickness of earth covering 5cm~8cm reveal bud rate≤3%；After earthing, planting machine is mating mutually to fit with sown scope width
The cylindrical pack roller answered is compacted.
B4: spray kind planting ditch, herbicide 150~200g/ mus of 40% atrazine suspending agent plus 80% acetochlor ec
It 40mL/ mus, is watered 50~75kg/ mus and is made into herbicide mixed liquor, uniformly sprinkling plantation row ditch.
B5: epiphragma carries out covering sown scope with the colorless and transparent mulch with a thickness of 0.01mm, width 70cm, and mulch exposes saturating
Light part is no less than 35cm, film week blinding it is closely knit, it is not hollow, be pierced by outside film in most of sugarcane seedling, temperature is stablized at 20 DEG C
Film is taken off when above, and carries out intertillage nursing；Step S4: field management specifically includes following aspect.
Step S4: field management specifically includes following aspect: C1: intertillage soil dressing is intertilled in the sugarcane early tillering stage
Operation, using 90 horsepower tractors suspension wide row fertilising banking machine carry out intertillage fertilising ridging, fertilising apart from the sugarcane root and stem of certain plants 10~
12cm, ridging 10~15cm of height, makes row ditch soil remain basically stable with ground；The nitro phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer of 20~25kg is applied per acre
(N:P:K=22:8:10).
C2: intertilling big ridging, carry out at sugarcane jointing initial stage, using 90 horsepower tractors suspension wide row fertilising banking machine
The big ridging of intertillage fertilising is carried out, depth of implements 20cm~30cm makes deep application of fertilizer and hurt root less apart from sugarcane root and stem of certain plants 15cm；It applies per acre
With the rich precious Liquid Fertilizer (N:P:K=140:60:120) of 50kg sugarcane, a height of 8cm~10cm in ridge after ridging tamps sugarcane clump base portion and is formed
Turtleback shape avoids the occurrence of empty in the middle part of U-shaped sugarcane ridge and sugarcane clump fall into；Fertilizer coverage rate >=90%, earth up qualification rate > 80%.
C3: weeding in the ranks, June when sugarcane weeds grow to 8~12cm, are dragged during the growth of sugarcane with 90 horsepowers
Machine drawing suspension rotary tillage weeder carries out milling machinery weeding, loosens the soil.
C4: applying and attack stem fertilizer, once attacks stem fertilizer increasing by the end of August, applies the nitro phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer (N:P:K of 25kg per acre
=20:8:15), and add insect-proof agent 100g/ mus；.
C5: water management routinely manages, and irrigates in time, it is ensured that the moisture supply in sugarcane each growth period.
C6: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, snout moth's larva, thrips, continuous prevention and control of aphids apply insect-proof agent when applying base manure and attacking stem fertilizer；The tip is rotten
Disease, brown streak, rust prevention and treatment, early stage select 500~1000 times of 50% carbendazim liquid 7 days to spray 1 time, even spray 2 times.
Step S5: combine harvest:
D1: combined harvester uses Deere CH530 harvester, mating field transfer car(buggy) operation；The sugarcane height for the stubble left≤
2cm。
D2: the selection plant phase is identical, maturity is consistent, yield level is suitable, varietal characteristic (such as disleave, lodging resistance, sugarcane
Stem tissue crispness) similar plot concentrative operation in flakes.
D3: cleaning field stone etc. damages the sundries and barrier of equipment before harvest, tamps light and shade pit zanjon, evens soil out
Packet；The edge of a field should have 6m or more turning u-turn space, and such as insufficient space, it is empty to reserve turning u-turn to gather in the edge of a field sugarcane in advance
Between, furrow is flattened after harvesting, is walked convenient for equipment.
D4: harvest carries out under the conditions of no rain, and harvester, field, which turn entrucking, to be entered and left by the edge of a field, in the ranks travel along sugarcane, no
It obtains and rolls the sugarcane root and stem of certain plants across furrow, harvest sugarcane into factory, enters to squeeze no more than 24 hours in time.
Step S6: stubble cane management, specific as follows:
E1: stump, with tractor band flat stubble machines more than 90 horsepowers, bury 3~5cm, stump high position bud, promotes low level
Bud growth.
E2: the broken ridge pine root and stem of certain plants carries out brokenly the ridge pine root and stem of certain plants in the fair weather that temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, using 140 horsepower tractor band pines
Furrow device carries out operation in default route using satellite navigation control system, and breaking ridge culture industry tilling depth is 25~35cm, controls sugarcane
Damage ratio≤5%.
E3: fertilising, medicine, epiphragma, fertilising, medicine and ridging epiphragma are carried out simultaneously, are completed before by the end of March, fertilising, dose with newly
It is identical to plant sugarcane；The same new plant cane of other field management measures, but the management time does sth. in advance 15~20 days than new plant cane.
Varieties of plant is using osmanthus sugar No. 49,450 yuan per acre of sugarcane kind expense；Please machinery farmer team carry out heavy duty harrow stubble-cleaning, level land,
And subsoiling and positioning are started and mechanical precision drilling, 350 yuan of expense per acre；It purchases 4 200,000 yuan of 504 tractor and (has deducted agriculture
Machine subsidy), 4 sets 20,000 yuan of weeder, 4 sets 20,000 yuan of banking machine, 4 60,000 yuan of liquid fertilization machine, every tractor suspension is above to match
Set equipment can manage 500 mu of ground, and by the 4 years perennial roots of planting in 1 year, totally 5 years production periods are calculated, and mechanical 120 yuan of input cost, adds per acre
Upper artificial, oil take, maintenance cost etc., mechanical per acre to put into 250 yuan；400 yuan of fertilizer pesticide, 490 yuan of machine receipts, 1000 yuan of land rent,
He pays wages 100 yuan, and 7 tons of new plant cane per mu yield, 3040 yuan of production cost per acre.=100 yuan of the pine root and stem of certain plants+of stubble cane mu cost are managed and protected 250
Member+400 yuan+machine of fertilizer pesticide receipts, 1000 yuan of 490 yuan+land rent+other 100 yuan=2340 yuan.5 years cost of investment and incomes per acre
Be shown in Table 1, the double high bases of above-mentioned 2000 mu of Guangxi sugar canes using a kind of suitable entire mechanization production cane planting method with
It is relatively shown in Table 2 using traditional cultivation method.
The entire mechanization production model of 1. example 2 of table per acre cost of production budget and income compared with tradition plantation (member/
Mu)
A kind of entire mechanization implantation methods of 2. embodiment 2 of table are compared with traditional cultivation method (mu)
It can be seen that from table 1-2, compared with traditional cultivation method, the volume increase of synergy abridged edition increases for a kind of sugarcane mechanization implantation methods
It receives it is obvious that mainly benefiting from:
(1) doing production seedling using offspring's seedling stem of the good healthy tissue-cultured seedling of Sugarcane Superior Variety and detoxification of perennial root can be improved
Germination percentage, tillering capacity can reduce the diseases such as mosaic disease, ratoon stunting disease, and the perennial root time limit was up to 4 years or more, to reach abridged edition increasing
Imitate purpose.
(2) using the double buds of unified coating or simple bud seedling stem, per acre only with 50~75 kilograms of sugarcane kind, the amount of sowing, dress are reduced
It unloads and transportation cost, and is conducive to essence amount planting with machinery, improve plantation efficiency.
(3) matched planting with machinery mode is used, wherein the matching technologies such as weeding by machine, ridging, applying liquid fertilizer, also guarantee
The germination percentage of seedling, tillering capacity and productive tiller, improve yield.
(4) using 2.3 meters of wide rows away from quantitative singling away from thin planting method, edge effect is obvious, ensure that the growth of sugarcane is empty
Between, to the tiller of sugarcane, growth promoting, plant it is uniform, it is sturdy have certain effect, can increase production, increase sugar.
(5) different harvester machines are more advantageous to and are incorporated as industry away from cropping pattern using 2.3 meters of wide rows, it is high-efficient, expense can be reduced
With.
Embodiment 3
The double high bases of 10000 mu of Guangxi sugar canes are planted using entire mechanization, and varieties of plant is used from breeding osmanthus sugar 44
Number, supporting operation machinery is bought by oneself, and implantation methods include the following steps:
Step S1: site preparation specifically includes:
A1: stubble-cleaning, with the heavy duty harrow of the tractor-drawn working width 4.5m of 180 horsepowers, to weeds, sugarcane leaf and the sugarcane in earth's surface
Head chopping, shreds 10~12cm of length, percentage of damage >=90%, surface soil scarifying, 16~18cm of depth.
A2: it is taken advantage of a situation with the smooth sugarcane field of land leveller of the tractor-drawn working width 5m of 180 horsepowers by the gradient, topography on level land
It is smooth, plot flatness≤3cm, flatness qualification rate >=80% after operation.
A3: sugarcane ground subsoiling carries out tilling depth 50cm or more with the 7 tooth depth pine devices of the tractor of 180 horsepowers suspension working width 3m
Subsoiler, subsoiling device intercolumniation 50cm, every column deep loosening tooth working width 40cm, the operation by the way of unidirectional subsoiling, subsoiling makees
For industry to penetrate plough sole, not broken subsoil is principle, is not balked, with making sugarcane deep, loose, broken, flat.
A4: starting powder ditch in advance, starts powder ditch device with the tractor suspension of 160 horsepowers equipped with GPS navigation system, into
Row precise positioning is started, and is 2.6 meters by line-spacing and starts in advance, 30~35cm of row trench depth；It is hung again with the tractor of 120 horsepowers
Powder ditch device carries out powder ditch, and powder trench depth is 35~40cm, width 80cm on row ditch, ditch 35~40cm of bottom width, and bottom of trench loose soil is flat, thin
It is broken.
Step S2: seedling stem prepares, and the sugarcane stem of health seedling is cut into the simple bud section sugarcane kind of 4.0~4.5cm with kind of machine of cutting；It cuts
Good sugarcane kind is put into soak seed 25-30 minutes in coating agent after, pick up and dry, plantation of taking away again after being vacuum-packed.Described
Seed soaking coating agent is made of following parts by weight ingredient: 11 parts of water-retaining agent, 7 parts of bleeding agent, 0.5 part of 40% difenoconazole, 40%
1.2 parts of Prochloraz, 35% 1 part of chlorine worm benzamide, yellow 4 parts of potassium humate, 0.2 part of paclobutrazol, surplus are water.
Step S3: planting with machinery: the planting machine of embodiment 1 is hung with 120 horsepower tractors, in the sugarcane for having held row ditch successfully
Disposably complete fertilising, pendulum kind, earthing, spray, epiphragma process in ground:
B1: fertilising, the nitro diamines compound fertilizer (N:P:K=19:27:0) for applying 30kg per acre make base manure, add insect-proof agent
150g/ mus；The insect-proof agent is made of Rynaxypyr, Diacloden and synergist by weight 20:9:3；
B2: pendulum kind, the amount of sowing 2000~2320 bud per acre, two row sugarcane kind 30~35cm of spacing, and be staggered pendulum in isosceles triangle
Kind；30~35cm of planting depth；
B3: earthing, thickness of earth covering 6cm~8cm reveal bud rate≤3%；Meet rainy season shallow earthing, do not suppressed after earthing, remaining when
After phase earthing, the mating cylindrical pack roller being adapted with sown scope width of planting machine is compacted.
B4: spray kind planting ditch, 40~50g/ mus of 90% atrazine soluble powder of herbicide add 80% acetochlor ec
It 40mL/ mus, is watered 50~75kg/ mus and is made into herbicide mixed liquor, uniformly sprinkling plantation row ditch；
B5: epiphragma carries out covering sown scope with the colorless and transparent mulch with a thickness of 0.01mm, width 80cm, and mulch exposes saturating
Light part is no less than 40cm, film week blinding it is closely knit, it is not hollow, be pierced by outside film in most of sugarcane seedling, temperature is stablized at 20 DEG C
Film is taken off when above, and carries out intertillage nursing.
Step S4: field management specifically includes following aspect:
C1: intertillage soil dressing carries out intertillage operation in the sugarcane early tillering stage, hangs wide row using 100 horsepower tractors
Fertilising banking machine carries out intertillage fertilising ridging, and fertilising makes row ditch soil and ground apart from sugarcane 10~13cm of the root and stem of certain plants, ridging 10~15cm of height
It remains basically stable in face；The rich precious Liquid Fertilizer (N:P:K=140:60:120) of application 25kg sugarcane per acre；
C2: the big ridging of intertillage carries out at sugarcane jointing initial stage, using the suspension wide row fertilising ridging of 100 horsepower tractors
Machine carries out the big ridging of intertillage fertilising, and depth of implements 20cm~30cm makes deep application of fertilizer and hurt root less apart from sugarcane root and stem of certain plants 15cm；Per acre
The nitro phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer (N:P:K=20:8:15) of 45kg is applied, a height of 8cm~10cm in ridge after ridging tamps sugarcane clump base portion shape
At turtleback shape, empty in the middle part of U-shaped sugarcane ridge and sugarcane clump fall into is avoided the occurrence of；Fertilizer coverage rate >=90%, earth up qualification rate > 80%；
The C3:5 month and August, during the growth of sugarcane, when sugarcane weeds grow to 8~12cm, with 160 horsepower tractors
Suspension rotary tillage weeder carries out milling machinery weeding, loosens the soil；
C4: applying and attack stem fertilizer, once attacks stem fertilizer increasing by the end of August, the rich treasured Liquid Fertilizer of 25kg sugarcane (N:P:K=140:60:
120), add 110g/ mus of insect-proof agent；
C5: water management routinely manages, and irrigates in time, it is ensured that the moisture supply in sugarcane each growth period；Do not irrigate item
The sugarcane district of part can be used envelope ditch water storage and be taked precautions against drought with sugarcane leaf mulch surface process；
C6: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, snout moth's larva, thrips, continuous prevention and control of aphids apply insect-proof agent when applying base manure and attacking stem fertilizer；The tip is rotten
Disease, brown streak, rust prevention and treatment, early stage select 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 400~600 times of liquid and 25% meter of fresh amine
1500 times of liquid of suspension are mixed, spraying primary every 15 days, even spray 3 times.
Step S5: combine harvest:
D1: combined harvester uses Keyes A8000 segmenting type harvester, mating field transfer car(buggy) operation；Sugarcane toothing is high
Degree≤2cm；
D2: the selection plant phase is identical as far as possible, maturity is consistent, yield level is suitable, varietal characteristic (such as disleave, resistant to lodging
Property, sugarcane stem tissue crispness) similar plot concentrative operation in flakes.Early-maturing variety is first harvested, receives middle-late ripening variety afterwards；First harvest
Fall planting sugarcane, stubble cane, after cut harvest season plant, spring planting sugarcane, should be harvested to the sugarcane for root of staying overnight after mid-January；
D3: cleaning field stone etc. damages the sundries and barrier of equipment before harvest, tamps light and shade pit zanjon, evens soil out
Packet；The edge of a field should have 6m or more turning u-turn space, and such as insufficient space, it is empty to reserve turning u-turn to gather in the edge of a field sugarcane in advance
Between, furrow is flattened after harvesting, is walked convenient for equipment；
D4: harvest carries out under the conditions of no rain, and harvester, field, which turn entrucking, to be entered and left by the edge of a field, in the ranks travel along sugarcane, no
It obtains and rolls the sugarcane root and stem of certain plants across furrow, harvest sugarcane into factory, enters to squeeze no more than 24 hours in time.
Step S6: stubble cane management, specific as follows:
E1: stump, with tractor band flat stubble machines more than 90 horsepowers, bury 3~5cm, stump high position bud, promotes low level
Bud growth；
E2: the broken ridge pine root and stem of certain plants carries out brokenly the ridge pine root and stem of certain plants in the fair weather that temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, using 140 horsepower tractor band pines
Furrow device carries out operation in default route using satellite navigation control system, and breaking ridge culture industry tilling depth is 25~35cm, controls sugarcane
Damage ratio≤5%；
E3: fertilising, medicine, epiphragma, fertilising, medicine and ridging epiphragma are carried out simultaneously, are completed before by the end of March, fertilising, dose with newly
It is identical to plant sugarcane；The same new plant cane of other field management measures, but the management time does sth. in advance 15~20 days than new plant cane.
Varieties of plant uses No. 44,300 yuan per acre of sugarcane kind expense sugared from breeding osmanthus；Buy 2 500,000 yuan of 160 tractors
(having deducted the allowance for purchase of agricultural machinery), 140 4, tractor 600,000 yuan (having deducted the allowance for purchase of agricultural machinery), 704 is dilatory, and 25 1,250,000 yuan (
Deduct the allowance for purchase of agricultural machinery), it 2 sets 60,000 yuan of heavy duty harrow, 2 70,000 yuan of land leveller, 2 100,000 yuan of subsoiler, 4 120,000 yuan of planting machine, opens
50,000 yuan of row device etc., 25 sets 100,000 yuan of weeder, native 25 sets 500,000 yuan of machine is sprayed, 25 250,000 yuan of liquid fertilization machine, Keyes 8000 receives
One, machine 1,400,000 yuan (having deducted the allowance for purchase of agricultural machinery) is obtained, agricultural machinery always puts into 5,000,000 yuan, by the 4 years perennial roots of planting in 1 year totally 5 years production periods
It calculates, per acre mechanical 500 yuan of input cost；100 yuan of auxiliary facility, artificial, oil takes, 500 yuan of maintenance cost etc.；Fertilizer pesticide 400
Member, 1000 yuan of land rent, other are paid wages 100 yuan, per acre 2800 yuan of production cost.=500 yuan of machinery+of stubble cane mu cost commonly set
Apply 1000 yuan+other 100 yuan=2600 yuan of 400 yuan+fertilizer pesticide, 500 yuan+land rent of 100 yuan+artificial, oily expense, maintenance cost etc..On
The double high bases of 10000 mu of Guangxi sugar canes are stated using a kind of cane planting method of suitable entire mechanization production and using tradition
Implantation methods production cost and income compare, see Table 3 for details and table 4 shown in.
Table 3: the entire mechanization production model of example 3 per acre cost of production budget and income compared with tradition plantation (member/
Mu)
The entire mechanization implantation methods of 4. embodiment 3 of table are compared with traditional cultivation method (mu)
It is excellent with cost-saving synergistic by table 3-4 it is found that using this mechanization implantation methods compared with traditional cultivation method
Gesture can not only increase yield, can also reduce sugarcane grower and plant spending, improve sugarcane grower's income.In addition, the sugarcane quality of harvest also compares
Traditional is more excellent, wherein in big 4700/mu of stem kind, every 1.50kg or more, middle 5500/mu of stem kind, every
1.3kg or more, sugarcane maturity period are averaged 14% or more Sucrose.
The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be said that
Specific implementation of the invention is only limited to these instructions.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, exist
Under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of sugarcane mechanization implantation methods, which comprises the steps of:
Step S1: site preparation specifically includes:
A1: stubble-cleaning, with the heavy duty harrow of 2.5~4.5 m of tractor-drawn working width more than 165 horsepowers, to the weeds in earth's surface, sugarcane
Leaf and the chopping of sugarcane head, shred 8~12cm of length, percentage of damage >=90%, surface soil scarifying, 15~18cm of depth；
A2: level land, with the smooth sugarcane field of land leveller of 3.6~5.4 m of tractor-drawn working width more than 165 horsepowers, by the gradient,
Topography is taken advantage of a situation smooth, plot flatness≤3 cm, flatness qualification rate >=80% after operation；
A3: sugarcane ground subsoiling is carried out cultivated with 5~7 tooth depth pine devices of above tractor suspension 2.3~3.3 m of working width of 165 horsepowers
The Subsoiler of deep 50cm or more, subsoiling device intercolumniation 45~50cm, every column deep loosening tooth 35~40cm of working width, using unidirectional subsoiling
Mode operation, for Subsoiler to penetrate plough sole, not broken subsoil is principle, is not balked, with making sugarcane deep, loose, broken, flat；
A4: starting powder ditch in advance, starts powder ditch device with tractor suspensions more than 90 horsepowers equipped with GPS navigation system, into
Row precise positioning is started, and is 2.3~2.6 meters by line-spacing and starts in advance, row 25~40cm of trench depth, wide 60 ~ 80cm on row ditch, bottom of trench
Wide 30~40cm, bottom of trench loose soil are flat, fine crushing；
Step S2: seedling stem prepares, and the sugarcane stem of health seedling is cut into the simple bud section sugarcane kind of 3.0~4.5cm with kind of machine of cutting or is cut
At the double bud sections sugarcane kind of 15~25cm；
Step S3: planting with machinery: integral type planting machine is hung with the above tractor of 120 horsepowers, with having held the sugarcane of row ditch successfully
It is disposable to complete fertilising, pendulum kind, earthing, spray, epiphragma process:
B1: fertilising, the nitro diamines compound fertilizer (N:P:K=19:27:0) for applying 20~30kg per acre make base manure, add insect-proof agent 125
~150 g/ mus；
B2: pendulum kind, the amount of sowing 1740~2320 bud per acre, two row sugarcane kind 30~35cm of spacing, and be staggered pendulum kind in isosceles triangle；Kind
Plant 30~35cm of depth；
B3: earthing, thickness of earth covering 5cm~8cm reveal bud rate≤3%；
B4: spray kind of a planting ditch, using selling city's herbicide and by specification dosage sprays；
B5: epiphragma carries out covering sown scope with the colorless and transparent mulch of 70~80cm of width, and mulch exposes light transmission part and is no less than 35
~40cm, film week blinding it is closely knit, it is not hollow, be pierced by outside film in most of sugarcane seedling, temperature stabilization is taken off at 20 DEG C or more
Film, and carry out intertillage nursing；
Step S4: field management specifically includes following aspect:
C1: intertillage soil dressing carries out intertillage operation in the sugarcane early tillering stage, hangs wide row using 40~100 horsepower tractors
Fertilising banking machine carries out intertillage fertilising ridging, and fertilising is apart from 10~13 cm of the sugarcane root and stem of certain plants, ridging 10~15cm of height, make row ditch soil with
It remains basically stable on ground；The nitro phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer (N:P:K=22:8:10) or the rich treasured of 20~25kg sugarcane of 20~25kg are applied per acre
Liquid Fertilizer (N:P:K=140:60:120)；
C2: the big ridging of intertillage carries out at sugarcane jointing initial stage, using the suspension wide row fertilising ridging of 40~100 horsepower tractors
Machine carries out the big ridging of intertillage fertilising, and depth of implements 20cm~30cm makes deep application of fertilizer and hurt root less apart from sugarcane 14 ~ 16cm of the root and stem of certain plants；Often
The rich precious Liquid Fertilizer of the nitro phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer (N:P:K=20:8:15) or 40~50kg sugarcane of 40~50kg of mu application (N:P:K=
140:60:120), a height of 8cm~10cm in ridge after ridging tamps sugarcane clump base portion and forms turtleback shape, avoids the occurrence of U-shaped sugarcane ridge and sugarcane
Clump middle part is empty to be fallen into；Fertilizer coverage rate >=90%, earth up qualification rate > 80%；
C3: weeding in the ranks, during the growth of sugarcane, when sugarcane weeds grow to 8~12cm, with 40~100 horsepower tractors
Suspension rotary tillage weeder carries out milling machinery weeding, loosens the soil；
C4: applying and attack stem fertilizer, increases in the sugarcane production later period and once attacks stem fertilizer, applies the nitro phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer of 20~25kg per acre
The rich precious Liquid Fertilizer (N:P:K=140:60:120) of (N:P:K=20:8:15) or 20~25kg sugarcane, and add 100~125 g/ of insect-proof agent
Mu；
C5: water management routinely manages, and irrigates in time, it is ensured that the moisture supply in sugarcane each growth period；There is no irrigation conditions
Sugarcane district is taked precautions against drought using envelope ditch water storage and with sugarcane leaf mulch surface process；
C6: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, snout moth's larva, thrips, continuous prevention and control of aphids apply insect-proof agent when applying base manure and attacking stem fertilizer；Top rot,
Brown streak, rust prevention and treatment, early stage select 50% carbendazim or 75% Bravo wettable powder or 65% zineb wettable powder
500~1000 times of agent liquid 7 days sprays 1 time, even spray 2~3 times；Or with 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 400~600 times of liquid and 25%
The fresh 1500 times of liquid of amine suspension of rice are mixed, spraying primary every 15 days, even spray 3 times；Or it is received with 32.5% A meter Miao
1500~2000 times of suspension spray 1~2 time；
Step S5: combine harvest:
D1: matched with combine field transfer car(buggy) operation；
D2: early-maturing variety is first harvested, receives middle-late ripening variety afterwards；First harvest fall planting sugarcane, stubble cane, after cut harvest season plant, spring planting sugarcane, stay
Harvested after mid-January to the sugarcane of perennial root；
D3: cleaning damages the sundries and barrier of equipment before harvest, tamps light and shade pit zanjon, evens Tu Bao out；There are 6m for the edge of a field
Above turning u-turn space, such as insufficient space must gather in the edge of a field sugarcane in advance to reserve turning u-turn space, flatten ridge after harvesting
Ditch is walked convenient for equipment；
D4: harvester, field, which turn entrucking, to be entered and left by the edge of a field, in the ranks travel along sugarcane, and the sugarcane root and stem of certain plants must not be rolled across furrow.
2. sugarcane mechanization implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include step S6: stubble cane pipe
Reason, specific as follows:
E1: stump, with tractor band flat stubble machines more than 90 horsepowers, bury 3~5cm, stump high position bud, promotes low level bud raw
It is long；
E2: the broken ridge pine root and stem of certain plants carries out brokenly the ridge pine root and stem of certain plants in the fair weather that temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, using 140 or more horsepower and is equipped with navigation
The tractor band pine furrow device of control system carries out operation in default route using navigation control system, and broken ridge culture industry tilling depth is
25~35cm controls sugarcane damage ratio≤5%；
E3: fertilising, medicine, epiphragma, fertilising, medicine and ridging epiphragma are carried out simultaneously, are completed before by the end of March, fertilising, dose and new plant cane
It is identical；The same new plant cane of other field management measures, but the management time does sth. in advance 15~20 days than new plant cane.
3. sugarcane mechanization implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S1, selection can plough soil layer
The sandy loam or light clay of thickness 60cm or more, PH 5.0~7.0 grows cane；Sugarcane field tractor-ploughing road surface is wide >=4m, field and road
Height difference≤5cm between face.
4. sugarcane mechanization implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S2, the sugarcane product of selection
Kind is any one of osmanthus sugar 29, osmanthus sugar 44, osmanthus sugar 49, osmanthus sugar 08=120, osmanthus sugar 08=589.
5. sugarcane mechanization implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S2, the sugarcane kind cut is put
Into after soaking seed 25 ~ 30 minutes in coating agent, picks up and dry, plantation of taking away again after being vacuum-packed；The seed soaking coating agent
Be made of following parts by weight ingredient: 9 ~ 11 parts of water-retaining agent, 5 ~ 7 parts of bleeding agent, 0.5 ~ 0.7 part of 40% difenoconazole, 40% miaow are fresh
1 ~ 1.2 part of amine, 35% 1 ~ 1.2 part of chlorine worm benzamide, yellow 4 ~ 5 parts of potassium humate, 0.1 ~ 0.2 part of paclobutrazol, surplus are water.
6. sugarcane mechanization implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step B3, rainy season shallow earthing is met,
It is not suppressed after earthing, after remaining period earthing, the mating cylindrical pack roller being adapted with sown scope width of planting machine is compacted.
7. sugarcane mechanization implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step B4,40% green bristlegrass of herbicide
40~50g/ mus of 150~200 g/ mus of saliva suspending agent or 90% atrazine soluble powder are removed, 80% acetochlor ec, 40 mL/ is added
Mu, is watered 50~75kg/ mus and is made into herbicide mixed liquor, uniformly sprinkling plantation row ditch.
8. sugarcane mechanization implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step B5, contain if soil is opposite
Water hereinafter, drench sufficient water before spray herbicide, makes soil relative water content in 70% or more epiphragma again 70%.
9. sugarcane mechanization implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step S3, the planting machine packet
The rack in band connection portion is included, Bai Zhong mechanism, casing mechanism, epiphragma mechanism are equipped with below the rack, is equipped with seeding above rack
Mechanism, fertilizing mechanism and chemical spraying mechanism；The feed mechanism includes spaced first feed mechanism in left and right and the second seeding
Mechanism, first feed mechanism and the second feed mechanism include that lead kind of a frame, transmission device and the Openworks shape of upper and lower opening are arranged
Kind mouth, the transmission device include the transmission gear that front and back is arranged and the conveyer belt being set on transmission gear, the conveyer belt
On be arranged at intervals with lateral partitions, it is described lead kind to set up be placed in above the front end of transmission device, the sowing port is set to transmission
In the rack of device end；It is arranged in a staggered manner before and after the sowing port of first feed mechanism and the sowing port of the second feed mechanism；It is described
Bai Zhong mechanism includes the first Bai Zhong mechanism corresponding with the sowing port and the second Bai Zhong mechanism, first Bai Zhong mechanism and
Two Bai Zhong mechanisms include that pendulum kind funnel and the first pendulum kind positioning plate being arranged at intervals below pendulum kind funnel and the second pendulum kind are fixed
Position plate, the first pendulum kind positioning plate and the second pendulum kind positioning plate are parallel to planting machine direction of travel.
10. sugarcane mechanization implantation methods according to claim 9, which is characterized in that also set in front of the Bai Zhong mechanism
There is rotary tillage mechanism, the rotary tillage mechanism includes rotary tillage shaft and the rotary blade in rotary tillage shaft, the middle front of rotary tillage shaft
It is additionally provided with rotary plow, the rotary blade of the rotary plow two sides is symmetrical arranged；The rotary tillage shaft passes through transmission shaft and tractor
Hydraulic motor is connected.
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| CN109984005A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of sugarcane simple bud precision drilling implantation methods |
| CN110583125A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Horizontal sugarcane precision planter |
| CN110663492A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane mechanical planting method with ultra-wide row spacing |
| CN111096207A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-05-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Low-lying wide-row-spacing sugarcane mechanized planting method |
| CN111165302A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cost-saving sugarcane planting method suitable for mechanical planting |
| CN111386997A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcane |
| CN111386823A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-10 | 广州甘蔗糖业研究所湛江甘蔗研究中心 | Sugarcane planting method applying slow-release granular pesticide fertilizer |
| CN112470849A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane double-bud-section planting method integrating square shape and accurately placing seeds, applying fertilizers and applying pesticides |
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| CN109984005A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of sugarcane simple bud precision drilling implantation methods |
| CN109984005B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2021-01-15 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane single-bud precision seeding planting method |
| CN110583125A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Horizontal sugarcane precision planter |
| CN110663492A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane mechanical planting method with ultra-wide row spacing |
| CN111096207A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-05-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Low-lying wide-row-spacing sugarcane mechanized planting method |
| CN111165302A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cost-saving sugarcane planting method suitable for mechanical planting |
| CN111386997A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Wide-row soil moisture conservation planting method for sugarcane |
| CN111386823A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-10 | 广州甘蔗糖业研究所湛江甘蔗研究中心 | Sugarcane planting method applying slow-release granular pesticide fertilizer |
| CN112470849A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane double-bud-section planting method integrating square shape and accurately placing seeds, applying fertilizers and applying pesticides |
| CN113424751A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Management method for mechanically stumping, ridging, deep loosening and stumping perennial root sugarcane |
| CN113424751B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-10-28 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Management method for mechanically stumping, ridging, deep loosening and stumping perennial root sugarcane |
| CN113973681A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-28 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane planting and management method for eliminating wide and narrow row craters |
| CN113973681B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-02-17 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane planting and management method for eliminating wide and narrow row craters |
| CN114287215A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-04-08 | 华南农业大学 | Automatic sequencing and directional seed sowing device and method suitable for double-bud-section sugarcane planting |
| CN114287215B (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-11-01 | 华南农业大学 | Automatic sequencing and directional seed sowing device and method suitable for double-bud-section sugarcane planting |
| CN114680010A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-01 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-yield planting method for sugar cane in red soil area and with consideration of soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction |
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