CN102282993B - Post film covering cultivation method for potato seedlings - Google Patents
Post film covering cultivation method for potato seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN102282993B CN102282993B CN201110173621A CN201110173621A CN102282993B CN 102282993 B CN102282993 B CN 102282993B CN 201110173621 A CN201110173621 A CN 201110173621A CN 201110173621 A CN201110173621 A CN 201110173621A CN 102282993 B CN102282993 B CN 102282993B
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Abstract
The invention provides a post film covering cultivation method for potato seedlings. Seeds are sowed between October 20th and November 20th, and a mulching film is covered after topdressing and hilling when the seedlings are grown to 15 centimeters, so that the yield of the soil is improved; 2,861 kilograms of potatoes can be produced in '88' mu, and 3,624 kilograms of Lishu No.6 can be produced in each mu; compared with the conventional planted potatoes, more than 300 kilograms of potatoes is increased, and 1,400 yuan is increased in mu production value; because the mulching film is covered,the effects of warming and holding water and fertilizer can be achieved, balanced supply of potato water manure is promoted, the commodity rate of the potatoes is improved, the commodity rate reaches94 percent, and the commodity rate is improved by over 10 percent compared with the conventional planted potatoes; and by the method, the problems of low yield in each mu, low commodity rate and the like of the potatoes are effectively solved, and improvement on income of peasants and effect of agriculture is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crop cultivation methods, relate in particular to the potato high-yield cultivating method, belong to the arviculture technical field.
Background technology
Potato is a Solanaceae Solanum annual herb plant, is to occupy at present after paddy rice and the wheat, as the big important crops in third place in the world.Because the moisture of potato tubers is more, fat is less, and the heat of unit volume is quite low; Nutrient component is very comprehensive; Trophic structure is more reasonable, and contains unexistent carotin of cereal crop and ascorbic acid, therefore; Having very high nutritive value and medical value, is the important improved seeds that integrate grain and vegetables.The plantation of potato simultaneously also is one of mass peasants important channel of increasing income, shaking off poverty and setting out on the road to prosperity.The history of Mang Shi plantation potato is comparatively long, but most of peasant household also adopts traditional planting technology, and this method causes potato yield not high, receives the influence of damage by disease and insect easily, and labour intensity is big etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the high-yield cultivating method of overlay film behind a kind of potato set, problem such as it is low to have solved the potato per mu yield early of awns city winter effectively, and commodity rate is low promotes increasing peasant income and growth of agricultural efficiency.
The object of the invention is implemented by following technical scheme:
1, the selection of potato seed and processing.160 kilograms of every mu of seeding quantitys are sowed preceding 50 days and are bought potato seed, purchase kind of a best September.Be placed on potato seed on the ground that cleaning, drying, no insect pest infect, suck eye,, cover potato seed with film again and prevented and treated in 4 hours, once prevented and treated secondary continuously in per 7 days with the excellent rich or happy spraying of farmland like the stem tuber moth.The selection kind is pure, stalwartness, and the big potato seed stripping and slicing that will germinate in preceding 3 days is sowed in the potato sowing in strong age of germination, apparatus such as used cutter, plank, the alcohol disinfecting with 70% carries disease germs with the minimizing apparatus, avoids germ propagation each other between potato seed.During stripping and slicing from terminal bud to navel rip cutting 1～2 cutter, divide 2～4 equally, every potato piece 40 grams, little potato piece stays the bud of 2 health; Cutting sick potato, rejecting at any time, changing cutting knife and cut another potato seed again, after the stripping and slicing; With the Ke Lu and the withered peaceful spray otch of bursting, lie in dry ground, make its wound healing.
2, base manure preparation: according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of soil nutrient situation and potato; The disposable base manure that uses sufficient; Every mu requires composite fertilizer (N: P: K=15: 40 kilograms of 50 kilograms of 15: 15 NPKs or NPKs, 10 kilograms of potassium sulphates), 2 kilograms of boron fertilizers, 40 kilograms in calcium magnesium phosphorus, 1500 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures; Sow preceding 15 days and mix farmyard manure and calcium magnesium phosphorus thoroughly, spray insecticide heap is sealed subsequent use.
3, begin sowing in good time: best sowing climate and other natural phenomena of a season October 20 was to November 20.
4, meticulous whole ground improves seeding quality.The selection physical features is smooth, and soil layer is deep, and quality is loose, the plantation of the husky easily earth of irrigation and drainage field.Behind the paddy rice harvesting, shone 5～7 days in dark moldboard field, carefully harrows then, shines to seal and carried out once thin thin rake of ploughing in 10～15 days again; Trench digging is made moisture in the soil, requires moisture in the soil wide 80 centimetres, and 30 centimetres of furrow widths are opened wide 40 centimetres in the middle of moisture in the soil; Dark 5 centimetres seed furrow, elder generation is placed on base manure in the middle of the seed furrow, and with 40 centimetres of line-spacings, spacing in the rows is put (every trench sowing two row) for 30 centimetres potato seed; Distance is 5 centimetres between fertilizer and potato seed, avoids fertilizer to burn potato seed, plants with the farmyard manure lid again, covers 8～10 centimetres with ditch soil at last.
5, the ridging of topdressing: when potato grows to about 15 centimetres, 10～15 kilograms of urea of every mu of usefulness spread fertilizer over the fields apart from stock 5 centimeters, with ditch soil whole moisture in the soil face are earthed up deeply then, and it is wide and thick to earth up, and promote the formation of potato piece and expand, and prevent that the potato piece from exposing to turn green.
6, overlay film: adopt wide 60 centimetres, thick 0.005 millimeter mulch film, 4 kilograms of mu consumptions.Earlier film is pulled in potato moisture in the soil face, takes out potato set with scissors or hand rupture of membranes then, at last all around tight and rupture of membranes mouth with soil pressure.The quality requirement of epiphragma: the one, soil is in small, broken bits during epiphragma, and it is sufficient that soil moisture is wanted, and the 5 centimetres of soil moisture contents in general top layer are 15%; The 2nd, film will balance, stretching, strain, be adjacent to the furrow face, then with earth around compress compacting; The 3rd, north and south furrow that be parallel with wind direction are more suitable.
7, the extermination of disease and insect pest: it is main employing prevention, and rice field-upland field rotation is carried out in integrated control, has cleared up the field irrigation canals and ditches, controls moisture well, irritates shallow water, reduces the place that grows of damage by disease and insect.
The potato disease has potato late blight, mosaic disease, bacterial wilt etc., after potato is neat, and the generation of spray " safe and sound life " or " Jin Lei " prevention late blight; After late blight takes place; Must be used alternatingly with medicaments such as peace gram, Ke Lu, dimethomorphs, per five days once, continuous three times.Mosaic disease adopts moroxydine, leaflet spirit control.Can adopt agricultural streptomycin, kasumin control to bacterial wilt.
Insect pest mainly contains wireworm and cutworm, and the medicament of land used worm spirit control or high-efficiency low-toxicity is irritated root at seeding time, also should control the harm to plant such as liriomyza bryoniae, aphid, hang spring worm.
8, the standardization of gathering in the crops in good time, improve the quality.The ripe outstanding feature of potato is plant senesecence flavescence or withered, and this moment, stem tuber no longer expanded, and output no longer increases; The potato skin changes, and explanation can have been gathered in the crops, and excavate general morning; Shine cool at 5 in afternoon on the ground; It is grade packaged to begin branch, and like this, it is rotten with the potato piece in the long-distance transport process, just can not peel.The potato piece is by 75～250 grams and above two the grade packing of 250 grams, and the potato after the classification can be used the net packing, will avoid solar radiation after the packing and prevent that the potato skin from turing green, in time outward transport.
The cultivation method of overlay film behind this potato set provided by the invention; In awns city winter potato morning (sowing on 20-November 20 October) group's phase (seedling grows to 15 centimetres), the ridging back covering with plastic film that topdresses, the output capacity in raising soil; Cooperation " 88 " per mu yield can reach 2861 kilograms; No. 6 per mu yields of beautiful potato can reach 3624 kilograms, increase more than 300 kilogram than the potato per mu yield of general planting, and the per mu yield value increases 1400 yuan.Because covering with plastic film, can reach the effect of insulation preserve moisture and fertility, promote the equilibrium supply of potato liquid manure, improve the commodity rate of potato, commodity rate reaches 94%, improves more than 10% than the potato commodity rate of general planting.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
Plastic-film-covered cultivation method behind cooperation " 88 " article seedling
1, selects the high-yield disease resisting kind.As: " cooperation 88 " kind.
2, select best sowing time.20～November 20 October.
3, the selection of potato seed: select " cooperation 88 " kind that regular, the no scab of potato shape, nothing are rotted, the potato skin is smooth to carry out the high-ridge double-row sowing.
4, the ridging of topdressing.When potato grows to about 15 centimetres, 10～15 kilograms of urea of every mu of usefulness spread fertilizer over the fields apart from stock 5 centimeters, with ditch soil whole moisture in the soil face are earthed up deeply then, and it is wide and thick to earth up, and promote the formation of potato piece and expand, and prevent that the potato piece from exposing to turn green.
5, overlay film.Adopt wide 60 centimetres, thick 0.005 millimeter mulch film, 4 kilograms of mu consumptions.Earlier film is pulled in potato moisture in the soil face, takes out potato set with scissors or hand rupture of membranes then, at last all around tight and rupture of membranes mouth with soil pressure.The quality requirement of epiphragma: the one, soil is in small, broken bits during epiphragma, and it is sufficient that soil moisture is wanted, and the 5 centimetres of soil moisture contents in general top layer are 15%; The 2nd, film will balance, stretching, strain, be adjacent to the furrow face, then with earth around compress compacting; The 3rd, north and south furrow that be parallel with wind direction are more suitable.
6, late blight integrated control.Mainly be to have cleared up the field irrigation canals and ditches, strict control moisture is irritated shallow water, reduces late blight and grows the place.Behind the neat seedling of potato; The generation of spray " safe and sound life " or " Jin Lei " prevention late blight, potato group's phase and spray in flowering stage " dimethomorph " once prevent, after late blight takes place; Must be used alternatingly with medicaments such as " Ke Lu ", " peace gram ", " silver hair are sharp ", in order to avoid develop immunity to drugs.Whenever once, prevent and treat for continuous three times at a distance from spray in 5 days.
7, the standardization of gathering in the crops in good time, improve the quality.
Survey product through on the spot, overlay film is compared with conventional cultivation behind the seedling, and the overlay film commodity rate improves 13% behind the seedling, and the yampi rate improves 12%, and per mu yield increases 327 kilograms, and the per mu yield value increases 1452 yuan, and the mu net income increases 1296 yuan; Overlay film is compared with broadcasting the back overlay film behind the seedling, and the overlay film commodity rate improves 8% behind the seedling, and the yampi rate improves 4%, and per mu yield increases 166 kilograms, and the per mu yield value increases 776 yuan, and the mu net income increases 684 yuan.Like table 1, table 2:
Table 1: overlay film test commodity rate tables of data behind cooperation " 88 " seedling
Table 2: test output value rate schedule behind cooperation " 88 " seedling
Annotate: 1, handling 1 is overlay film behind the seedling; Handle 2 for broadcasting the back overlay film; Handling 3 is conventional cultivation.
2, single potato weight>=150g is a yampi, and 150g≤single potato weight>=50g is middle potato, and single potato weight≤50g is little potato.
3, the output value=(potato weighs the little potato price of the heavy * of the little potato of potato price+actual measurement among the * in the heavy * yampi of actual measurement yampi price+actual measurement)/measured area * 667; Wherein yampi is 2.1 yuan/kilogram, 1.7 yuan/kilogram of middle potatos, 0.7 yuan of/kilogram note of little potato.
Embodiment two
Plastic-film-covered cultivation method behind No. 6 seedlings of beautiful potato
1, the selection of potato seed and processing.160 kilograms of every mu of seeding quantitys; Sow preceding 50 days and buy potato seed (purchasing kind of a best September), be placed on potato seed on the ground that cleaning, drying, no insect pest infect, suck eye like the stem tuber moth; With the excellent rich or happy spraying of farmland; Cover potato seed with film again and prevented and treated in 4 hours, once prevented and treated secondary continuously in per 7 days.The selection kind is pure, stalwartness, and the big potato seed stripping and slicing that will germinate in preceding 3 days is sowed in the potato sowing in strong age of germination, apparatus such as used cutter, plank, the alcohol disinfecting with 70% carries disease germs with the minimizing apparatus, avoids germ propagation each other between potato seed.During stripping and slicing from terminal bud to navel rip cutting 1～2 cutter, divide 2～4 equally, every potato piece 40 grams, little potato piece stays the bud of 2 health; Cutting sick potato, rejecting at any time, changing cutting knife and cut another potato seed again, after the stripping and slicing; With the Ke Lu and the withered peaceful spray otch of bursting, lie in dry ground, make its wound healing.
2, base manure preparation: according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of soil nutrient situation and potato; The disposable base manure that uses sufficient; Every mu requires composite fertilizer (N: P: K=15: 40 kilograms of 50 kilograms of 15: 15 composite fertilizers or NPKs, 10 kilograms of potassium sulphates), 2 kilograms of boron fertilizers, 40 kilograms in calcium magnesium phosphorus, 1500 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures; Sow preceding 15 days and mix farmyard manure and calcium magnesium phosphorus thoroughly, spray insecticide heap is sealed subsequent use.
3, begin sowing in good time.Best sowing climate and other natural phenomena of a season October 20 was to November 20.
4, meticulous whole ground improves seeding quality.The selection physical features is smooth, and soil layer is deep, and quality is loose, the plantation of the husky easily earth of irrigation and drainage field.Behind the paddy rice harvesting, shone 5～7 days in dark moldboard field, carefully harrows then, shines to seal and carried out once thin thin rake of ploughing in 10～15 days again; Trench digging is made moisture in the soil, requires moisture in the soil wide 80 centimetres, and 30 centimetres of furrow widths are opened wide 40 centimetres in the middle of moisture in the soil; Dark 5 centimetres seed furrow, elder generation is placed on base manure in the middle of the seed furrow, and with 40 centimetres of line-spacings, spacing in the rows is put (every trench sowing two row) for 30 centimetres potato seed; Distance is 5 centimetres between fertilizer and potato seed, avoids fertilizer to burn potato seed, plants with the farmyard manure lid again, covers 8～10 centimetres with ditch soil at last.
5, the ridging of topdressing.When potato grows to about 15 centimetres, 10～15 kilograms of urea of every mu of usefulness spread fertilizer over the fields apart from stock 5 centimeters, with ditch soil whole moisture in the soil face are earthed up deeply then, and it is wide and thick to earth up, and promote the formation of potato piece and expand, and prevent that the potato piece from exposing to turn green.
6, overlay film.Adopt wide 60 centimetres, thick 0.005 millimeter mulch film, 4 kilograms of mu consumptions.Earlier film is pulled in potato moisture in the soil face, takes out potato set with scissors or hand rupture of membranes then, at last all around tight and rupture of membranes mouth with soil pressure.The quality requirement of epiphragma: the one, soil is in small, broken bits during epiphragma, and it is sufficient that soil moisture is wanted, and the 5 centimetres of soil moisture contents in general top layer are 15%; The 2nd, film will balance, stretching, strain, be adjacent to the furrow face, then with earth around compress compacting; The 3rd, north and south furrow that be parallel with wind direction are more suitable.
7, the extermination of disease and insect pest.It is main employing prevention, and rice field-upland field rotation is carried out in integrated control, has cleared up the field irrigation canals and ditches, controls moisture well, irritates shallow water, reduces the place that grows of damage by disease and insect.
The potato disease has potato late blight, mosaic disease, bacterial wilt etc., after potato is neat, and the generation of spray " safe and sound life " or " Jin Lei " prevention late blight; After late blight takes place; Must be used alternatingly with medicaments such as peace gram, Ke Lu, dimethomorphs, per five days once, continuous three times.Mosaic disease adopts moroxydine, leaflet spirit control.Can adopt agricultural streptomycin, kasumin control to bacterial wilt.
Insect pest mainly contains wireworm and cutworm, and the medicament of land used worm spirit control or high-efficiency low-toxicity is irritated root at seeding time, also should control the harm to plant such as liriomyza bryoniae, aphid, hang spring worm.
8, the standardization of gathering in the crops in good time, improve the quality.The potato piece is by 75～250 grams and above two the grade packing of 250 grams, and the potato after the classification can be used the net packing, will avoid solar radiation after the packing and prevent that the potato skin from turing green, in time outward transport.
Survey product through on the spot, overlay film is compared with conventional cultivation behind No. 6 seedlings of beautiful potato, and the overlay film commodity rate improves 11% behind the seedling, and the yampi rate improves 10%, and per mu yield increases 306 kilograms, and the per mu yield value increases 1529 yuan, and the mu net income increases 1373 yuan; No. 6, beautiful potato, overlay film is compared with broadcasting the back overlay film behind the seedling, and the overlay film commodity rate improves 6% behind the seedling, and the yampi rate improves 5%, and per mu yield increases 177 kilograms, and the per mu yield value increases 822 yuan, and the mu net income increases 730 yuan.Like table 3, table 4:
Table 3: overlay film test commodity rate tables of data behind No. 6 seedlings of beautiful potato
Unit: m
2Kg %
Table 4: overlay film test per mu yield output value table behind No. 6 seedlings of beautiful potato
Unit: m
2Kg g unit
Annotate: 1, handling 1 is overlay film behind the seedling; Handle 2 for broadcasting the back overlay film; Handling 3 is conventional cultivation.
2,, single potato weight>=150g is yampi, 150g≤single potato weight>=50g is middle potato, single potato weight≤50g is little potato.
3, the output value=(potato weighs the little potato price of the heavy * of the little potato of potato price+actual measurement among the * in the heavy * yampi of actual measurement yampi price+actual measurement)/measured area * 667; Wherein yampi is 2.1 yuan/kilogram, 1.7 yuan/kilogram of middle potatos, 0.7 yuan of/kilogram note of little potato.
Claims (1)
1. plastic-film-covered cultivation method behind the potato set is characterized in that step is following:
(1), the potato in strong age selecting that potato shape is regular, the potato skin is smooth, healthy and strong, germinate, carry out high-ridge double-row annual 20～November 20 October and sow;
(2), the ridging of topdressing: when potato grows to about 15 centimetres; 10～15 kilograms of urea of every mu of usefulness spread fertilizer over the fields apart from stock 5 centimeters, with ditch soil whole moisture in the soil face are earthed up deeply then, and it is wide and thick to earth up; Promote the formation of potato piece and expand, prevent that the potato piece from exposing and turn green;
(3), overlay film: adopt wide 60 centimetres, thick 0.005 millimeter mulch film, 4 kilograms of every mu of consumptions are pulled in potato moisture in the soil face with film earlier, take out potato set with scissors or hand rupture of membranes then, at last with soil pressure tight around and the rupture of membranes mouth;
(4), late blight integrated control: cleared up the field irrigation canals and ditches, irritated the strict control of shallow water moisture, the place that grows of reducing damage by disease and insect; Behind the neat seedling of potato; The generation of spray " safe and sound life " or " Jin Lei " prevention late blight, potato group's phase and spray in flowering stage " dimethomorph " once prevent, after late blight takes place; Must be used alternatingly with " Ke Lu ", " peace gram ", " Yin Fali " medicament; In order to avoid develop immunity to drugs, every sprayed once at a distance from 5 days, prevent and treat for continuous three times;
(5), by conventional time results.
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102577810B (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2013-07-03 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | Prevention and control method of potato late blight |
| CN103329693B (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2014-07-02 | 恩施清江生物工程有限公司 | Planting method of potato and potato honeycomb incubator |
| CN102893791A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-30 | 南京大地冷冻食品有限公司 | Efficient method for cultivating potatoes |
| CN102986430B (en) * | 2012-11-18 | 2014-10-15 | 云南农业大学 | Anti-season potato mechanization planting matched cultivation technique |
| CN103039477A (en) * | 2012-12-22 | 2013-04-17 | 嘉峪关市凯瑞特农业科技有限责任公司 | Detoxication micro-murphy sanitizer and production method thereof |
| CN103380691A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-11-06 | 句容根生药材有限公司 | Novel cultivation method for root tuber type Chinese herbal medicine |
| CN103609315A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-05 | 狄正兴 | High-furrow deep-groove cultivation method for planting spring rice-stubble potatoes through straw application |
| CN103583224A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-02-19 | 狄正兴 | Rice stubble spring potato furrow-expanding hilling straw field returning cultivation method |
| CN108739183A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 彭阳县壹珍药业有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Radix Astragali high yield |
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