CN111264326A - Northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method - Google Patents

Northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111264326A
CN111264326A CN202010240413.2A CN202010240413A CN111264326A CN 111264326 A CN111264326 A CN 111264326A CN 202010240413 A CN202010240413 A CN 202010240413A CN 111264326 A CN111264326 A CN 111264326A
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seed
potato
potatoes
sowing
seeds
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Inventor
白小东
杜培兵
齐海英
范向斌
朱智慧
毛向红
杨春
张永福
王兴涛
陈云
岳新丽
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CROP Science Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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CROP Science Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated cultivation method of potatoes in northern dry land by an art machine, which comprises the steps of soaking seed potatoes cut with a plurality of V-shaped cuts in a seed soaking agent added with moonlight essence and potassium permanganate 20 days before sowing, fishing out, wrapping with gauze, placing in a scattered light greenhouse for accelerating germination, cutting the seed potatoes into a plurality of potato blocks by a cutter soaked by potassium permanganate solution after accelerating germination, spraying a layer of 10% difenoconazole 1000 times solution on the surfaces of the potato blocks, and drying in the shade; choose for use and collect ditching, fertilization, seeding, suppression, tectorial membrane, earthing operation double-row potato planter as an organic whole to sow, sow seed potato seed block and chemical fertilizer granule simultaneously in the soil of the different degree of depth during the seeding to make the chemical fertilizer granule broadcast in the left side of seed potato piece, right side, front side and certain distance department of posterolateral, and the setting of staggering of chemical fertilizer granule of four sides of two adjacent seed potato pieces. The invention realizes the stable and high yield of the potatoes.

Description

Northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of potato cultivation, in particular to a northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method.
Background
In northern China, potatoes are important food crops and economic crops, and 80 percent of producing areas are distributed in arid and semiarid economically undeveloped hilly mountain areas. The large-area high yield and high efficiency of the potatoes are seriously restricted due to drought climate, barren soil, extensive cultivation and laggard technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the north dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method, which can improve the germination rate of seed potatoes, improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, finally promote healthy and robust growth of potato blocks and realize stable and high yield of potatoes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and soaking seeds;
selecting high-quality and high-yield potato seeds with wide adaptability and strong disease resistance, manually cutting a plurality of V-shaped cuts on the potato seeds 20 days before sowing, and soaking the potato seeds in a seed soaking agent added with moonlight flower essence and potassium permanganate for 20-30 min;
s2, accelerating germination and cutting seeds;
fishing out the seed potatoes after seed soaking treatment, wrapping the seed potatoes with gauze, placing the seed potatoes in a scattered light greenhouse at 15-20 ℃, accelerating germination, and turning the seed potatoes up and down to enable the sprouts to be uniform to form small green sprouts when the sprouts are 3-5 mm long;
after a cutter is soaked in a potassium permanganate solution for 3-5 minutes, cutting seed potatoes into a plurality of potato blocks with the mass of 15-25 g, and ensuring that 1-3 buds are arranged on each potato block;
s3, seed dressing;
spraying a layer of 1000 times solution of 10% difenoconazole on the surface of the obtained potato blocks, and drying in the shade for later use;
s4, sowing seeds;
sowing can be carried out when the temperature reaches 10-12 ℃ and the ground temperature stably passes 7-8 ℃, and a flat sowing mode is adopted by selecting a double-row potato planter integrating ditching, fertilizing, sowing, pressing, mulching and earthing operations; ditching, fertilizing, sowing, pressing, laminating and earthing are completed at one time, seed potato blocks and fertilizer particles are simultaneously sown in soil with different depths during sowing, the fertilizer particles are sown at the left side, the right side, the front side and the rear side of the seed potato blocks at certain distances, and the fertilizer particles on the four sides of two adjacent seed potato blocks are arranged in a staggered manner;
and S5, performing reasonable pest control until harvesting.
Further, in the step S1, the number of the V-shaped cuts is selected according to the weight of the seed potatoes, and each 15-25 g of potato blocks corresponds to one V-shaped cut.
Further, the concentration of the moonlight florigen in the seed soaking agent is 1.0-3.0 mg/L, and the mass percentage of the potassium permanganate is 0.2-0.3%.
Furthermore, the fertilizer granules are composed of decomposed farmyard manure, pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, amino-oligosaccharin,5-aminolevulinic acid and gamma-PGA polyglutamic acid are compounded; wherein, the decomposed farmyard manure is 20 t/hm2Pure nitrogen 180kg/hm2200 kg/hm of phosphorus pentoxide2150 kg/hm of potassium oxide2、1.5 kg/hm2Amino-oligosaccharin and 5-aminolevulinic acid 1.8 kg/hm25.1 kg/hm of gamma-PGA polyglutamic acid2。
Further, in the step S4, the distance between the fertilizer particles and the potato blocks is 5-7 cm.
Further, the step S5 includes:
intertillage and hilling: performing mechanical intertillage ridging for two times, performing intertillage for the first time when seedlings top soil, performing furrow intertillage by a rotary tillage type ridging machine, simultaneously ridging and pressing the soil, and carrying out ridging for 5cm, wherein the height from the furrow to the ridge top reaches 12cm, the width of the ridge top is 50cm, and the width of the ridge bottom is 100 cm; spraying soil closed herbicide with a boom sprayer after the completion, wherein the herbicide can be 2L/900kg water/hm of Tianpu microcapsule2Or Jindou 1152g/900kg water/hm2(ii) a The soil surface reaches 20 cm; simultaneously, topdressing is carried out, wherein the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 30 percent of the total amount, and the potassium fertilizer accounts for 50 percent of the total amount;
pest control: 60 kg-125 kg/hm of 3% phoxim granules for grubs, mole cricket, wireworms and cutworms2Furrow application is carried out during sowing; aphid is controlled by using 1000 times of solution of 5 percent acetamiprid missible oil and 1000 times of solution of 70 percent imidacloprid water dispersible granules alternately or in a mixing way; the 28-star winged insect is prevented and controlled by 4000 times of liquid sprayed with 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules; spraying 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon crystal liquid in the adult emergence period of the soybean turnip;
in the bud stage of the plant, intertillage and hilling for the second time by adopting an intertillage fertilizer applicator, wherein the hilling height is 5cm, so that the seed potatoes are grown to
Disease control:
agricultural control: crop rotation and stubble replacement are carried out, continuous cropping with solanaceae crops is avoided, diseased plants are removed in time, field weeds are removed, and transparent conditions are improved; selecting a disease-resistant variety;
chemical control: preventing and treating late blight: the protectant is 1500g/hm of Dasheng2When central plants are found in the field, 1200-1500 g/hm of 72% gram dew powder is selected2And height of 600ml/hm2Ammi, AmmiXida 600ml/hm2Yinfeili 1200ml/hm2Alternately spraying every 7-10 days.
Further, when the stems and leaves 2/3 turn yellow in the field, harvesting in time; the seeds can be harvested 5d to 7d in advance; and (5) mechanically killing the seedlings by a seedling killing machine 15d before harvesting.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the seed soaking agent and the germination accelerating mode are optimized, so that the germination rate of the seed potatoes can be obviously improved; by cooperating with the optimization of the fertilizer application mode and the fertilizer formula, the fertilizer utilization rate can be obviously improved, the growth of potato blocks can be promoted, the self resistance of the potato blocks can be improved, and the stable and high yield of potatoes can be realized.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and soaking seeds;
selecting high-quality and high-yield potato seeds with wide adaptability and strong disease resistance, manually cutting a plurality of V-shaped cuts on the potato seeds 20 days before sowing, and soaking the potato seeds in a seed soaking agent added with moonlight flower essence and potassium permanganate for 20-30 min; the number of the V-shaped cuts is selected according to the weight of the seed potatoes, each 15-25 g of potato blocks corresponds to one V-shaped cut, the cutting depth is 2-3 cm, the concentration of the moonlight flower essence in the seed soaking agent is 1.0mg/L, and the mass percent of potassium permanganate is 0.2%;
s2, accelerating germination and cutting seeds;
fishing out the seed potatoes after seed soaking treatment, wrapping the seed potatoes with gauze, placing the seed potatoes in a scattered light greenhouse at 15 ℃, accelerating germination, and turning over the seed potatoes up and down to enable the sprouts to be uniform to form small green sprouts when the sprouts are 3-5 mm long;
after a cutter is soaked in a potassium permanganate solution for 3-5 minutes, cutting seed potatoes into a plurality of potato blocks with the mass of 15-25 g, and ensuring that 1-3 buds are arranged on each potato block;
s3, seed dressing;
spraying a layer of 1000 times solution of 10% difenoconazole on the surface of the obtained potato blocks, and drying in the shade for later use;
s4, sowing seeds;
sowing can be carried out when the temperature reaches 10-12 ℃ and the ground temperature stably passes 7-8 ℃, and a flat sowing mode is adopted by selecting a double-row potato planter integrating ditching, fertilizing, sowing, pressing, mulching and earthing operations; ditching, fertilizing, sowing, pressing, laminating and earthing are completed at one time, seed potato blocks and fertilizer particles are simultaneously sown in soil with different depths during sowing, the fertilizer particles are sown at the left side, the right side, the front side and the rear side of the seed potato blocks at certain distances, and the fertilizer particles on the four sides of two adjacent seed potato blocks are arranged in a staggered manner; the distance between the fertilizer granules and the potato blocks is 5-7 cm, and the fertilizer granules are obtained by compounding decomposed farmyard manure, pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, amino-oligosaccharin, 5-aminolevulinic acid and gamma-PGA polyglutamic acid; wherein, the decomposed farmyard manure is 20 t/hm2Pure nitrogen 180kg/hm2200 kg/hm of phosphorus pentoxide2150 kg/hm of potassium oxide2、1.5 kg/hm2Amino-oligosaccharin and 5-aminolevulinic acid 1.8 kg/hm25.1 kg/hm of gamma-PGA polyglutamic acid2。
S5, performing reasonable pest control until harvesting;
intertillage and hilling: performing mechanical intertillage ridging for two times, performing intertillage for the first time when seedlings top soil, performing furrow intertillage by a rotary tillage type ridging machine, simultaneously ridging and pressing the soil, and carrying out ridging for 5cm, wherein the height from the furrow to the ridge top reaches 12cm, the width of the ridge top is 50cm, and the width of the ridge bottom is 100 cm; spraying soil closed herbicide with a boom sprayer after the completion, wherein the herbicide can be 2L/900kg water/hm of Tianpu microcapsule2Or Jindou 1152g/900kg water/hm2(ii) a The soil surface reaches 20 cm; at the same time, the top dressing is carried out, and the top dressing nitrogen fertilizer is taken as the total amount30 percent of the total amount of the potash fertilizer;
pest control: 60 kg-125 kg/hm of 3% phoxim granules for grubs, mole cricket, wireworms and cutworms2Furrow application is carried out during sowing; aphid is controlled by using 1000 times of solution of 5 percent acetamiprid missible oil and 1000 times of solution of 70 percent imidacloprid water dispersible granules alternately or in a mixing way; the 28-star winged insect is prevented and controlled by 4000 times of liquid sprayed with 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules; spraying 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon crystal liquid in the adult emergence period of the soybean turnip;
in the bud stage of the plant, intertillage and hilling for the second time by adopting an intertillage fertilizer applicator, wherein the hilling height is 5cm, so that the seed potatoes are grown to
Disease control:
agricultural control: crop rotation and stubble replacement are carried out, continuous cropping with solanaceae crops is avoided, diseased plants are removed in time, field weeds are removed, and transparent conditions are improved; selecting a disease-resistant variety;
chemical control: preventing and treating late blight: the protectant is 1500g/hm of Dasheng2When central plants are found in the field, 1200-1500 g/hm of 72% gram dew powder is selected2And height of 600ml/hm2Amixida 600ml/hm2Yinfeili 1200ml/hm2Alternately spraying every 7-10 days.
Harvesting: harvesting timely when the stems and leaves 2/3 turn yellow; the seeds can be harvested 5d to 7d in advance; and (5) mechanically killing the seedlings by a seedling killing machine 15d before harvesting.
Example 2
A northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and soaking seeds;
selecting high-quality and high-yield potato seeds with wide adaptability and strong disease resistance, manually cutting a plurality of V-shaped cuts on the potato seeds 20 days before sowing, and soaking the potato seeds in a seed soaking agent added with moonlight flower essence and potassium permanganate for 20-30 min; the number of the V-shaped cuts is selected according to the weight of the seed potatoes, each 15-25 g of potato blocks corresponds to one V-shaped cut, the cutting depth is 2-3 cm, the concentration of the moonlight flower essence in the seed soaking agent is 3.0mg/L, and the mass percentage of the potassium permanganate is 0.3%;
s2, accelerating germination and cutting seeds;
fishing out the seed potatoes after seed soaking treatment, wrapping the seed potatoes with gauze, placing the seed potatoes in a scattered light greenhouse at the temperature of 20 ℃, accelerating germination, and turning over the seed potatoes up and down to ensure that the sprouts are uniform to form small green sprouts when the sprouts are 3-5 mm long;
after a cutter is soaked in a potassium permanganate solution for 3-5 minutes, cutting seed potatoes into a plurality of potato blocks with the mass of 15-25 g, and ensuring that 1-3 buds are arranged on each potato block;
s3, seed dressing;
spraying a layer of 1000 times solution of 10% difenoconazole on the surface of the obtained potato blocks, and drying in the shade for later use;
s4, sowing seeds;
sowing can be carried out when the temperature reaches 10-12 ℃ and the ground temperature stably passes 7-8 ℃, and a flat sowing mode is adopted by selecting a double-row potato planter integrating ditching, fertilizing, sowing, pressing, mulching and earthing operations; ditching, fertilizing, sowing, pressing, laminating and earthing are completed at one time, seed potato blocks and fertilizer particles are simultaneously sown in soil with different depths during sowing, the fertilizer particles are sown at the left side, the right side, the front side and the rear side of the seed potato blocks at certain distances, and the fertilizer particles on the four sides of two adjacent seed potato blocks are arranged in a staggered manner; the distance between the fertilizer granules and the potato blocks is 5-7 cm, and the fertilizer granules are obtained by compounding decomposed farmyard manure, pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, amino-oligosaccharin, 5-aminolevulinic acid and gamma-PGA polyglutamic acid; wherein, the decomposed farmyard manure is 20 t/hm2Pure nitrogen 180kg/hm2200 kg/hm of phosphorus pentoxide2150 kg/hm of potassium oxide2、1.5 kg/hm2Amino-oligosaccharin and 5-aminolevulinic acid 1.8 kg/hm25.1 kg/hm of gamma-PGA polyglutamic acid2。
S5, performing reasonable pest control until harvesting;
intertillage and hilling: performing mechanical intertillage ridging for two times, performing intertillage for the first time when seedlings top soil, performing furrow intertillage by a rotary tillage type ridging machine, simultaneously ridging and pressing the soil, and carrying out ridging for 5cm, wherein the height from the furrow to the ridge top reaches 12cm, the width of the ridge top is 50cm, and the width of the ridge bottom is 100 cm; spraying soil seal with spray lance type sprayer after completionClosed herbicide, wherein the herbicide can be selected from Tianpu microcapsule 2L/900kg water/hm2Or Jindou 1152g/900kg water/hm2(ii) a The soil surface reaches 20 cm; simultaneously, topdressing is carried out, wherein the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 30 percent of the total amount, and the potassium fertilizer accounts for 50 percent of the total amount;
pest control: 60 kg-125 kg/hm of 3% phoxim granules for grubs, mole cricket, wireworms and cutworms2Furrow application is carried out during sowing; aphid is controlled by using 1000 times of solution of 5 percent acetamiprid missible oil and 1000 times of solution of 70 percent imidacloprid water dispersible granules alternately or in a mixing way; the 28-star winged insect is prevented and controlled by 4000 times of liquid sprayed with 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules; spraying 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon crystal liquid in the adult emergence period of the soybean turnip;
in the bud stage of the plant, intertillage and hilling for the second time by adopting an intertillage fertilizer applicator, wherein the hilling height is 5cm, so that the seed potatoes are grown to
Disease control:
agricultural control: crop rotation and stubble replacement are carried out, continuous cropping with solanaceae crops is avoided, diseased plants are removed in time, field weeds are removed, and transparent conditions are improved; selecting a disease-resistant variety;
chemical control: preventing and treating late blight: the protectant is 1500g/hm of Dasheng2When central plants are found in the field, 1200-1500 g/hm of 72% gram dew powder is selected2And height of 600ml/hm2Amixida 600ml/hm2Yinfeili 1200ml/hm2Alternately spraying every 7-10 days.
Harvesting: harvesting timely when the stems and leaves 2/3 turn yellow; the seeds can be harvested 5d to 7d in advance; and (5) mechanically killing the seedlings by a seedling killing machine 15d before harvesting.
Example 3
A northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and soaking seeds;
selecting high-quality and high-yield potato seeds with wide adaptability and strong disease resistance, manually cutting a plurality of V-shaped cuts on the potato seeds 20 days before sowing, and soaking the potato seeds in a seed soaking agent added with moonlight flower essence and potassium permanganate for 20-30 min; the number of the V-shaped cuts is selected according to the weight of the seed potatoes, each 15-25 g of potato blocks corresponds to one V-shaped cut, the cutting depth is 2-3 cm, the concentration of the moonlight flower essence in the seed soaking agent is 2.0mg/L, and the mass percentage of the potassium permanganate is 0.25%;
s2, accelerating germination and cutting seeds;
fishing out the seed potatoes after seed soaking treatment, wrapping the seed potatoes with gauze, placing the seed potatoes in a scattered light greenhouse at 17 ℃, accelerating germination, and turning over the seed potatoes up and down to enable the sprouts to be uniform to form small green sprouts when the sprouts are 3-5 mm long;
after a cutter is soaked in a potassium permanganate solution for 3-5 minutes, cutting seed potatoes into a plurality of potato blocks with the mass of 15-25 g, and ensuring that 1-3 buds are arranged on each potato block;
s3, seed dressing;
spraying a layer of 1000 times solution of 10% difenoconazole on the surface of the obtained potato blocks, and drying in the shade for later use;
s4, sowing seeds;
sowing can be carried out when the temperature reaches 10-12 ℃ and the ground temperature stably passes 7-8 ℃, and a flat sowing mode is adopted by selecting a double-row potato planter integrating ditching, fertilizing, sowing, pressing, mulching and earthing operations; ditching, fertilizing, sowing, pressing, laminating and earthing are completed at one time, seed potato blocks and fertilizer particles are simultaneously sown in soil with different depths during sowing, the fertilizer particles are sown at the left side, the right side, the front side and the rear side of the seed potato blocks at certain distances, and the fertilizer particles on the four sides of two adjacent seed potato blocks are arranged in a staggered manner; the distance between the fertilizer granules and the potato blocks is 5-7 cm, and the fertilizer granules are obtained by compounding decomposed farmyard manure, pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, amino-oligosaccharin, 5-aminolevulinic acid and gamma-PGA polyglutamic acid; wherein, the decomposed farmyard manure is 20 t/hm2Pure nitrogen 180kg/hm2200 kg/hm of phosphorus pentoxide2150 kg/hm of potassium oxide2、1.5 kg/hm2Amino-oligosaccharin and 5-aminolevulinic acid 1.8 kg/hm25.1 kg/hm of gamma-PGA polyglutamic acid2。
S5, performing reasonable pest control until harvesting;
intertillage and hilling: the mechanical intertillage and hilling are carried out twice, and the first time is carried out when the seedlings are earthedCarrying out row-by-row cultivation, cultivating in furrows by a rotary tillage type soil applicator, simultaneously carrying out soil application and film pressing, wherein the height from the furrows to the ridge tops reaches 12cm, the width of the ridge tops is 50cm, and the width of the ridge bottoms is 100 cm; spraying soil closed herbicide with a boom sprayer after the completion, wherein the herbicide can be 2L/900kg water/hm of Tianpu microcapsule2Or Jindou 1152g/900kg water/hm2(ii) a The soil surface reaches 20 cm; simultaneously, topdressing is carried out, wherein the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 30 percent of the total amount, and the potassium fertilizer accounts for 50 percent of the total amount;
pest control: 60 kg-125 kg/hm of 3% phoxim granules for grubs, mole cricket, wireworms and cutworms2Furrow application is carried out during sowing; aphid is controlled by using 1000 times of solution of 5 percent acetamiprid missible oil and 1000 times of solution of 70 percent imidacloprid water dispersible granules alternately or in a mixing way; the 28-star winged insect is prevented and controlled by 4000 times of liquid sprayed with 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules; spraying 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon crystal liquid in the adult emergence period of the soybean turnip;
in the bud stage of the plant, intertillage and hilling for the second time by adopting an intertillage fertilizer applicator, wherein the hilling height is 5cm, so that the seed potatoes are grown to
Disease control:
agricultural control: crop rotation and stubble replacement are carried out, continuous cropping with solanaceae crops is avoided, diseased plants are removed in time, field weeds are removed, and transparent conditions are improved; selecting a disease-resistant variety;
chemical control: preventing and treating late blight: the protectant is 1500g/hm of Dasheng2When central plants are found in the field, 1200-1500 g/hm of 72% gram dew powder is selected2And height of 600ml/hm2Amixida 600ml/hm2Yinfeili 1200ml/hm2Alternately spraying every 7-10 days.
Harvesting: harvesting timely when the stems and leaves 2/3 turn yellow; the seeds can be harvested 5d to 7d in advance; and (5) mechanically killing the seedlings by a seedling killing machine 15d before harvesting.
Proved by verification, when the method disclosed by the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3 is used for cultivating the potatoes, compared with the traditional cultivation technology, the pest and disease incidence rate is reduced by 61.3-75.4%, and the yield per mu is improved by 25.74-27.31%.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (7)

1. A northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and soaking seeds;
selecting high-quality and high-yield potato seeds with wide adaptability and strong disease resistance, manually cutting a plurality of V-shaped cuts on the potato seeds 20 days before sowing, and soaking the potato seeds in a seed soaking agent added with moonlight flower essence and potassium permanganate for 20-30 min;
s2, accelerating germination and cutting seeds;
fishing out the seed potatoes after seed soaking treatment, wrapping the seed potatoes with gauze, placing the seed potatoes in a scattered light greenhouse at 15-20 ℃, accelerating germination, and turning the seed potatoes up and down to enable the sprouts to be uniform to form small green sprouts when the sprouts are 3-5 mm long;
after a cutter is soaked in a potassium permanganate solution for 3-5 minutes, cutting seed potatoes into a plurality of potato blocks with the mass of 15-25 g, and ensuring that 1-3 buds are arranged on each potato block;
s3, seed dressing;
spraying a layer of 1000 times solution of 10% difenoconazole on the surface of the obtained potato blocks, and drying in the shade for later use;
s4, sowing seeds;
sowing can be carried out when the temperature reaches 10-12 ℃ and the ground temperature stably passes 7-8 ℃, and a flat sowing mode is adopted by selecting a double-row potato planter integrating ditching, fertilizing, sowing, pressing, mulching and earthing operations; ditching, fertilizing, sowing, pressing, laminating and earthing are completed at one time, seed potato blocks and fertilizer particles are simultaneously sown in soil with different depths during sowing, the fertilizer particles are sown at the left side, the right side, the front side and the rear side of the seed potato blocks at certain distances, and the fertilizer particles on the four sides of two adjacent seed potato blocks are arranged in a staggered manner;
and S5, performing reasonable pest control until harvesting.
2. The method for cultivating potatoes in northern dry land by using the integrated process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step S1, the number of the V-shaped cuts is selected according to the weight of the seed potatoes, and each 15-25 g of potato blocks corresponds to one V-shaped cut.
3. The method for cultivating potatoes in northern dry land by using the integrated process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the moonlight florigen in the seed soaking agent is 1.0-3.0 mg/L, and the mass percentage of the potassium permanganate is 0.2-0.3%.
4. The method for cultivating potatoes in northern dry land by using the integrated process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer granules are prepared by compounding decomposed farmyard manure, pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, amino-oligosaccharin, 5-aminolevulinic acid and gamma-PGA polyglutamic acid; wherein, the decomposed farmyard manure is 20 t/hm2Pure nitrogen 180kg/hm2200 kg/hm of phosphorus pentoxide2150 kg/hm of potassium oxide2、1.5 kg/hm2Amino-oligosaccharin and 5-aminolevulinic acid 1.8 kg/hm25.1 kg/hm of gamma-PGA polyglutamic acid2。
5. The method for cultivating potatoes in northern dry land by using the integrated process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, the distance between the fertilizer particles and the potato blocks is 5-7 cm.
6. The method for cultivating potatoes in northern dry land by using the integrated process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S5 includes:
intertillage and hilling: performing mechanical intertillage ridging for two times, performing intertillage for the first time when seedlings top soil, performing furrow intertillage by a rotary tillage type ridging machine, simultaneously ridging and pressing the soil, and carrying out ridging for 5cm, wherein the height from the furrow to the ridge top reaches 12cm, the width of the ridge top is 50cm, and the width of the ridge bottom is 100 cm; spraying soil closed herbicide with spray boom sprayer after the completion, wherein the herbicide can be 2L of Tianpu microcapsule900kg of water per hm2Or Jindou 1152g/900kg water/hm2(ii) a The soil surface reaches 20 cm; simultaneously, topdressing is carried out, wherein the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 30 percent of the total amount, and the potassium fertilizer accounts for 50 percent of the total amount;
pest control: 60 kg-125 kg/hm of 3% phoxim granules for grubs, mole cricket, wireworms and cutworms2Furrow application is carried out during sowing; aphid is controlled by using 1000 times of solution of 5 percent acetamiprid missible oil and 1000 times of solution of 70 percent imidacloprid water dispersible granules alternately or in a mixing way; the 28-star winged insect is prevented and controlled by 4000 times of liquid sprayed with 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules; spraying 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon crystal liquid in the adult emergence period of the soybean turnip;
in the bud stage of the plant, intertillage and hilling for the second time by adopting an intertillage fertilizer applicator, wherein the hilling height is 5cm, so that the seed potatoes are grown to
Disease control:
agricultural control: crop rotation and stubble replacement are carried out, continuous cropping with solanaceae crops is avoided, diseased plants are removed in time, field weeds are removed, and transparent conditions are improved; selecting a disease-resistant variety;
chemical control: preventing and treating late blight: the protectant is 1500g/hm of Dasheng2When central plants are found in the field, 1200-1500 g/hm of 72% gram dew powder is selected2And height of 600ml/hm2Amixida 600ml/hm2Yinfeili 1200ml/hm2Alternately spraying every 7-10 days.
7. The method for cultivating potatoes in northern dry land by using the integrated process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: harvesting timely when the stems and leaves 2/3 turn yellow; the seeds can be harvested 5d to 7d in advance; and (5) mechanically killing the seedlings by a seedling killing machine 15d before harvesting.
CN202010240413.2A 2020-03-31 2020-03-31 Northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method Pending CN111264326A (en)

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CN113475340A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-10-08 山西农业大学高寒区作物研究所(山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所) High-yield potato planting method and potato culture rack
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CN114223489A (en) * 2021-12-21 2022-03-25 山西农业大学高寒区作物研究所(山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所) Northern dry land potato art-machine integrated cultivation method

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Application publication date: 20200612