CN104303121B - 用于建议操作者动作的方法和*** - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于监测和诊断燃气涡轮机的叶轮空间中的异常的***和计算机执行的方法,所述方法使用耦合至用户接口和存储器装置的计算机装置来实施并且包括:在存储器装置中存储多个规则集,所述规则集与叶轮空间有关,所述规则集包括以实时数据输出相对于实时数据输入的关系表达式表述的至少一个规则,所述关系表达式对于叶轮空间的温度是特定的。所述方法还包括从与燃气涡轮机关联的状态监测***接收实时和历史数据输入,所述数据输入与向叶轮空间供热的源相关,以及使用与叶轮空间温度相关的输入估计叶轮空间温度值。
Description
技术领域
本说明总体上涉及机械/电气设备操作、监测和诊断,特别涉及用于针对机器异常行为自动地向操作者提出建议的***和方法。
背景技术
监测机器健康以及向操作者发出异常机器状态警报是操作一台或一列机器的重要部分。特别的,监测叶轮空间温度(wheel-space temperature)对于燃气涡轮机的健康监测是重要的。目前还没有已知的用于该温度的在线估计的监测***,仅监测测量的温度。由于未比较测量值与预期值,用于限定警报阈值的动态基线和物理认识是未知的。没有该计算,仅基于距预设值恒定偏差的静态阈值是可用的。此外,不估计叶轮空间温度会阻碍故障排除。例如,可以判断预期值与测量值之间的偏差源及其是否来自于(例如但不限于)缺乏冷却、泄露或磨损的密封。此外,快速改变操作状态或者很慢地改变操作状态可能使操作者难以识别异常状态或者可以进行哪些操作变化以缓和异常状态。
至少一些已知的叶轮空间监测***仅仅监测测量值,并且使用历史数据预先确定作为同类机器的静态阈值,从而如果测量值超过预定阈值,发出警报。需要多次尝试来限定和细化这些阈值,其不考虑机器运行或负载状态。这种***易于发出太多假警报,而实际的故障总是检测得太晚。此外,在这种***中仅能提供有限的故障排除信息或者不提供故障排除信息。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,一种用于监测和诊断燃气涡轮机的叶轮空间中的异常的计算机执行的方法,所述方法使用耦合至用户接口和存储器装置的计算机装置来实施,所述方法包括:在存储器装置中存储多个规则集,所述规则集与叶轮空间有关,所述规则集包括以实时数据输出相对于实时数据输入的关系表达式表述的至少一个规则,所述关系表达式对于叶轮空间的温度是特定的。所述方法还包括从与燃气涡轮机关联的状态监测***接收实时和历史数据输入,所述数据输入与向叶轮空间供热的源相关,以及使用与叶轮空间温度相关的输入估计叶轮空间温度值。
在另一个实施例中,一种用于包括流动连通的轴流压缩机和低压涡轮的燃气涡轮机的叶轮空间监测和诊断***,所述***包括叶轮空间温度规则集,所述规则集包括实时数据输出相对于实时数据输入的关系表达式,所述关系表达式对于与叶轮空间中的热源相关的输入是特定的。
在又一个实施例中,一个或多个非临时性计算机可读存储介质具有包含在其上的计算机可执行指令,其中当被至少一个处理器执行时,计算机可读指令引起处理器接收燃气涡轮机的叶轮空间中的温度测量值,接收与叶轮空间中的热源关联的参数的测量值和推断值,估计叶轮空间的预期温度,比较叶轮空间预期温度与测量温度,并且基于比较生成推荐要采取的动作的建议消息。
附图说明
图1-5示出本说明书描述的方法和***的示例性实施例。
图1是根据本发明的示例性实施例的远程监测和诊断***的示意性框图;
图2是本地工厂监测和诊断***(例如分布式控制***,DCS)的网络结构的示例性实施例的框图;
图3是可与图1所示LMDS一起使用的示例性规则集的框图;
图4是根据本公开的示例性实施例的部分示于图1中的燃气涡轮发动机的叶轮空间冷却***的结构的侧视图;以及
图5是根据本发明的示例性实施例的方法的流程图,所述方法确定用于超过预定范围的发动机叶轮空间温度的建议。
虽然不同实施例的特定特征可能显示在一些附图中而没有显示在其他附图中,但这仅为了方便起见。任意附图的任意特征可以结合任意其他附图的任意特征被参考和/或保护。
具体实施方式
以下详细描述以示例而非限制的方式说明本发明的实施例。可以设想本发明广泛应用在工业、商业和住宅应用中的监测设备操作的分析性和条理性实施例中。
燃气涡轮机的健康监测对于降低维护成本和缩短停机周期是重要的。燃气涡轮机的低压涡轮(动力涡轮)中的叶轮空间温度是重要的待监测信号。暴露于热气体路径,由于热应力叶轮空间易于出现疲劳/蠕变失效。估计叶轮空间温度要求知道对叶轮空间温度有贡献的温度源,并且指示如何对其进行监测以及更好地对其进行估计。知道叶轮空间中的热源能够更好地理解机器的冷却***的状态,从而突出叶轮空间区域中的不当热行为和过高的温度。此外,通过比较该估计的叶轮空间温度与实际测量的叶轮空间温度,可以设计基于该差异的警报以及限定故障排除活动。以下描述的叶轮空间温度计算方法将燃气涡轮机的不同组件联系在一起,且简化故障源(例如过高的叶轮空间温度)的识别。本说明书描述的是用于在线估计叶轮空间温度及生成工程规则的方法,以防止跳闸和/或延长停机周期以及提供有意义的故障排除。
在燃气涡轮发动机中对叶轮空间温度有贡献的可能热源包括:来自于可被吸收的燃烧过程的热气体、轴流压缩机排放(冷却)空气(bleed air)和转子风阻效应。排放温度最初作为叶轮空间温度的基线,并补偿其他效应以对叶轮空间温度进行估计。使用用于监测机器性能的热力学模拟软件在线计算排放温度。这通过计算轴流压缩机的多变效率然后提取排放温度(排气被提取处的空气温度)来实现。叶轮空间温度与排放(冷却)温度之差不是恒定的,取决于流道温度。在一些燃气涡轮发动机中,涡轮排气温度是直接测量的唯一的流道温度,在这里用于估计叶轮空间温度。一方面上升到排放温度以上的叶轮空间温度与另一方面上升到排放温度以上的废气温度(exhaust temperature)之间具有线性关系。在最初部署规则时,在适当的时间段上计算该曲线的斜率并对其进行平均。然后其用于使用测量的排气温度和计算的排放温度计算叶轮空间温度,如以下更详细地描述。
本公开的实施例不限于检测较高的叶轮空间温度,还能够识别叶轮空间温度和预期叶轮空间温度的实时确定值之差的趋势。统计调整方法被加入热力学方程中,其能够从环境入口条件并联系机器运行状态针对所有环境直接调整运行的机器。
图1是根据本发明的示例性实施例的远程监测和诊断***100的示意性框图。在示例性实施例中,***100包括远程监测和诊断中心102。远程监测和诊断中心102由实体操作,例如由独立经营实体(例如经营实体)购买和操作的多个设备的OEM。在示例性实施例中,OEM和经营实体订立支持协议,从而OEM向经营实体提供关于所购设备的服务。经营实体可以在单一站点或者多个站点拥有并操作所购设备。此外,OEM可以与多个经营实体订立支持协议,每个经营实体经营其自己的单一站点或多个站点。多个站点中的每一个可包含相同的单个设备或者相同的多套设备,例如一系列设备。此外,至少一些设备对于某个站点是独特的,或者对于所有站点是独特的。
在示例性实施例中,第一站点104包括一个或多个过程分析仪106、设备监测***108、设备本地控制中心110、和/或监测和报警面板112,每个配置为与各个设备传感器和控制设备接口,以实现各个设备的控制和操作。一个或多个过程分析仪106、设备监测***108、设备本地控制中心110、和/或监测和报警面板112通过网络116通信耦合至智能监测和诊断***114。智能监测和诊断(IMAD)***114还配置为与其他现场***(图1中未显示)和现场外***通信,例如但不限于远程监测和诊断中心102。在不同实施例中,IMAD114配置为使用例如专用网络118、无线链路120和互联网122与远程监测和诊断中心102通信。
多个其他站点中的每一个(例如第二站点124和第n站点126)可以大致与第一站点104类似,虽然其可能精确或者不精确地类似于第一站点104。
图2是本地工厂监测和诊断***(例如分布式控制***(DCS)201)的网络结构200的示例性实施例的框图。工厂可包括多个厂房设备,例如燃气涡轮机、离心式压缩机、变速箱、发电机(generator)、泵、电动机、风扇和过程监测传感器,设备耦合为通过互连管道流动连通以及耦合为通过一个或多个远程输入/输出(I/O)模块和互连电缆和/或无线通信与DCS201信号通信。在示例性实施例中,工厂包括DCS201,DCS201包括网络主干203。网络主干203可以是由例如双绞线电缆、屏蔽同轴电缆或光纤电缆制成的硬连线数据通信路径,或者可以至少部分为无线的。DCS201还可包括处理器205,处理器205通过网络主干203通信耦合至定位于工厂现场或远程位置的厂房设备。可以理解,任意数量的机器可以操作性地连接至网络主干203。一部分机器可以硬连线至网络主干203,其他部分机器可以通过通信耦合至DCS201的无线基站207无线耦合至主干203。无线基站207可用于扩展DCS201的有效通信范围,例如通过远离工厂定位但是仍与工厂内的一个或多个***互连的设备或传感器。
DCS201可以配置为接收和显示与多个设备关联的操作参数,以及生成自动控制信号和接收手动控制输入,从而控制工厂设备的操作。在示例性实施例中,DCS 201可包括软件代码段,软件代码段配置为控制处理器205以分析在DCS 201接收的数据,其允许工厂机器的在线监测和诊断。可以从每个机器采集数据,包括燃气涡轮机、离心式压缩机、泵和电动机、关联的过程传感器和本地环境传感器,包括例如振动、地震、温度、压力、电流、电压、环境温度和环境湿度传感器。数据可以通过本地诊断模块或者远程输入/输出模块进行预处理,或者以原始形式传输至DCS 201。
本地监测和诊断***(LMDS)213可以是独立的附加硬件设备,例如通过网络主干203与DCS 201和其他控制***209及数据源通信的个人计算机(PC)。LMDS 213还可以包含于在DCS 201和/或一个或多个其他控制***209上执行的软件程序段中。相应地,LMDS 213可以分布形式操作,从而一部分软件程序段在多个处理器上同时执行。这样,LMDS 213可以完全集成在DCS 201和其他控制***209的操作中。LMDS 213分析通过DCS 201、数据源和其他控制***209接收的数据,以使用工厂的全局视点确定机器和/或采用这些机器的过程的操作健康。
在示例性实施例中,网络结构100包括服务器级计算机202和一个或多个客户端***203。服务器级计算机202还包括数据库服务器206、应用服务器208、网络服务器210、传真服务器212、目录服务器214和邮件服务器216。每个服务器206、208、210、212、214和216可以包含于在服务器级计算机202上执行的软件中,或者服务器206、208、210、212、214和216的任意组合可以单独或者组合包含于耦合在局域网(LAN)(未显示)中的独立的服务器级计算机中。数据存储单元220耦合至服务器级计算机202。此外,工作站222,例如***管理员的工作站、用户工作站和/或主管的工作站耦合至网络主干203。替代性的,工作站222使用互联网链路226耦合至网络主干203,或者通过无线连接(例如通过无线基站207)进行连接。
每个工作站222可以是具有网络浏览器的个人计算机。虽然在工作站上执行的功能通常显示为在各个工作站222上执行,但是这些功能可以在耦合至网络主干203的多个个人计算机之一上执行。工作站222描述为与独立的示例性功能关联,这仅为利于理解不同类型的功能,这些功能可由能够接入网络主干203的个人执行。
服务器级计算机202配置为通信耦合至不同的个人,包括雇员228和第三方,例如服务提供商230。示例性实施例中的通信显示为使用互联网执行,但是在其他实施例中可以采用任何其他广域网(WAN)类型的通信,即***和方法不限于使用互联网来实施。
在示例性实施例中,具有工作站232的任何被授权的个人可以访问LMDS 213。至少一个客户端***可包括定位于远程位置的管理员工作站234。工作站222可以包含在具有网络浏览器的个人计算机上。此外,工作站222配置为与服务器级计算机202通信。此外,传真服务器212与远程定位的客户端***通信,包括使用电话线路(未显示)的客户端***236。传真服务器212还配置为与其他客户端***228、230和234通信。
LMDS 213的计算机建模和分析工具如下详述可以存储在服务器202中,且可以被任意一个客户端***204处的请求者访问。在一个实施例中,客户端***204是包括网络浏览器的计算机,从而服务器级计算机202可由客户端***204使用互联网访问。客户端***204通过包括网络的多种接口互连至互联网,网络为例如局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)、拨号连接、电缆调制解调器和专用高速ISDN线路。客户端204可以是能够互连至互联网的任何装置,包括基于网络的电话、个人数字助理(PDA)或其他基于网络的连接设备。数据库服务器206连接至包含关于工厂10的信息的数据库240,以下将更详细的描述。在一个实施例中,集中式数据库240存储在服务器级计算机202上,并可以由***在一个客户端***204处通过一个客户端***204登录服务器级计算机202来访问。在替代实施例中,数据库240可以远离服务器级计算机202存储,且可以是非集中式的。
其他工厂***可提供可被服务器级计算机202和/或客户端***204通过至网络主干204的独立的连接访问的数据。交互式电子技术手册服务器242对与每个机器的配置相关的机器数据的请求提供服务。该数据可包括操作能力,如泵曲线、电动机额定马力、绝缘等级和框架大小,设计参数,例如尺寸、转子导条或叶轮叶片数,以及机器维修史,例如对机器的现场改装、校准调整前和校准调整后的测量值、以及在机器上实施的未使机器返回到其原始设计状态的维修。
便携式振动监测仪244可以间歇地直接或者通过计算机输入端口(例如工作站222或客户端***204中包含的端口)耦合至LAN。通常,按照常规程序采集振动数据,周期性的(例如每月或者以其他周期)从预订的机器列表采集数据。还可以结合故障排除、维护和调试活动采集振动数据。此外,可以连续地实时或者接近实时地采集振动数据。该数据可为LMDS 213的算法提供新的基线。可以类似地以常规程序或者在故障排除、维护或调试活动过程中采集过程数据。此外,可以连续地实时或者接近实时地采集一些过程数据。某些过程参数可能不是永久可测量的,可以使用便携式过程数据采集器245采集过程参数数据,所述过程参数数据可以通过工作站222下载到DCS 201上,从而可以由LMDS 213访问。其他过程参数数据,例如过程流体组合物分析仪和污染排放分析仪可以通过多个在线监测器246提供至DCS 201。
可以通过与每个机器关联的电动机保护继电器248监测提供至不同机器的电功率或者由工厂发电机产生的电功率。通常,该继电器248在电动机控制中心(MCC)或向机器供电的开关装置250中远离被监测的设备定位。此外,为了保护继电器248,开关装置250还可以包括向LMDS 213供电的监督控制和数据获取***(SCADA)或者电力输送***(未显示)设备,其定位在工厂的例如开关站或者远程输电线路断路器和线路范围中。
图3是可与LMDS 213(显示在图1中)一起使用的示例性规则集280的框图。规则集280可以是一个或多个自定义规则的组合,以及限定自定义规则的行为和状态的一系列特征。规则和特征可以XML字符串的格式捆绑和存储,当存储为文件时,可以基于25个字符的字母数字密钥进行加密。规则集280是包括一个或多个输入端282和一个或多个输出端284的模块化知识单元。输入端282可以是软件端口,其将数据从LMDS 213中的特定位置引导至规则集280。例如,来自于外置泵振动传感器的输入可以被传输到DCS 201中的硬件输入端子。DCS 201可以在该端子处对信号进行采样,以在其上接收信号。然后信号可以被处理并存储在存储器中的位置上,存储器可由DCS 201访问和/或集成于DCS 201。规则集280的第一输入端286可以映射至存储器中的位置,从而存储器中该位置的内容可供给规则集280作为输入。类似的,输出端288可以映射至DCS 201可访问的存储器中的另一个位置,或者映射至另一个存储器,从而存储器中的位置包含规则集280的输出端288。
在示例性实施例中,规则集280包括与特定问题的监测和诊断相关的一个或多个规则,所述问题与在工厂(例如天然气回注厂、液体天然气(LNG)厂、发电厂、精炼厂和化学处理设施)中操作的设备关联。虽然根据在工厂中的使用描述规则集280,但是规则集280可以被适当地构造以获取任何知识以及用于在任何领域中确定方案。例如,规则集280可以包含涉及经济行为、金融活动、天气现象和设计过程的知识。规则集280接着可用于在这些领域中确定问题的解决方案。规则集280包括来自于一个或多个源的知识,从而知识被传输至应用规则集280的任意***。以将输出端284联系至输入端282的规则的形式获取知识,从而输入端282和输出端284的规范允许规则集280应用于LMDS 213。规则集280可仅包括特定于特定工厂资产的规则,并可仅针对与该特定工厂资产关联的一个可能问题。例如,规则集280可仅包括适用于电动机或电动机/泵组合的规则。规则集280可仅包括使用振动数据确定电动机/泵组合的健康的规则。规则集280还可包括使用一套诊断工具确定电动机/泵组合的健康的规则,所述诊断工具除了振动分析技术以外还可以包括例如用于电动机/泵组合的性能计算工具和/或财务计算工具。
在操作中,在软件开发工具中生成规则集280,软件开发工具向用户提示输入端282和输出端284之间的关系。输入端282可接收代表例如数字信号、模拟信号、波形、经处理的信号、手动输入和/或配置参数以及来自于其他规则集的输出端的数据。规则集280内的规则可包括逻辑规则、数值算法、波形和信号处理技术的应用、专家***和人工智能算法、统计工具以及可将输出端284联系至输入端282的任何其他表达式。输出端284可以映射至存储器中保留的并配置为接收每个输出端284的各个位置。然后,LMDS 213和DCS 201可使用存储器中的位置完成LMDS 213和DCS 201可被编程执行的任意监测和/或控制功能。规则集280的规则独立于LMDS 213和DCS 201操作,虽然以直接或者通过中间设备的间接方式,输入端282可以提供至规则集280且输出端可以提供至规则集280。
在规则集280的产生过程中,领域内的人类专家使用开发工具通过对一个或多个规则进行编程揭露该领域内特别关于特定资产的知识。通过生成输出端284与输入端282之间的关系表达式来产生规则,从而不需要规则的编码。使用图形方式例如使用内置在开发工具中的图形用户界面上的拖放,可以从操作数库中选择操作数。可以从屏幕显示(未显示)的库部分中选择操作数的图形表示,并将图形表示拖放到规则产生部分中。在适当时基于所选择的特定操作数和特定输入端282以逻辑显示方式设置输入端282和操作数之间的关系,并向用户提示值,例如常数。随着产生获取专家知识所需的多条规则。相应地,基于用户的要求以及规则集280的特定领域中的现有技术,规则集280可包括一套具有鲁棒性的诊断和/或监测规则或者一套鲁棒性相对较弱的诊断和/或监测规则。在开发过程中,开发工具提供用于测试规则集280的资源,以保证输入端282的不同组合和值在输出端284产生预期的输出。
在一个实施例中,叶轮空间温度规则集配置为关于燃气涡轮发动机的操作状态计算预期的叶轮空间温度。叶轮空间温度规则集的益处是预测性及适应性的阈值,其联系不同的GT组件和压缩机性能,以预测预期的叶轮空间温度的上下限。
图4是根据本公开的示例性实施例的燃气涡轮发动机401(部分显示于图1中)的叶轮空间冷却***400的结构的侧视图。压缩机402向燃气涡轮发动机401的部件提供高压空气。在示例性实施例中,第一叶轮空间前向区域403仅由从压缩机排放部分404发送的空气冷却。第一叶轮空间尾部区域406由从压缩机排放部分404发送的空气和从压缩机排放部分404上游的压缩机级408(例如但不限于压缩机402的第十一级)排放的空气冷却。第二叶轮空间前向区域410和第二叶轮空间尾部区域412由从上游压缩机级408排放的空气冷却。
燃气涡轮发动机401的低压涡轮中的叶轮空间温度由例如定位于第一叶轮空间前向区域403中的第一热电偶414和第二热电偶416以及定位于第二叶轮尾部区域412中的第三热电偶418和第四热电偶420监测。用于每个空间的两个热电偶提供关于腔内空气温度的信息。
从压缩机排放部分404发送的空气的温度(CDT)由传感器进行监测,并可以直接与叶轮空间温度进行比较,不能直接测量的上游压缩机级408的温度在解释压缩机操作状态的相互关系中进行评估。
针对燃气涡轮发动机401限定的规则基于为叶轮空间温度提供预测值以及比较该值与测量值。当测量值与预测值之间的差异超过独立于燃气涡轮发动机401的预定量时,输出由规则提供的针对异常的建议。相反,预定量与包装设置、冷间隙、运行间隙和燃气涡轮发动机401上安装的包装有关,这些都可能影响在应用到燃气涡轮发动机401规则的第一周期中限定的基准值。
压缩机排气温度计算
为了联系叶轮空间温度与评估的上游压缩机级408,使用以下相互关系。这种相互关系指的是压缩机的多变效率,其在不同级中被假设为恒定的,且允许沿着压缩过程在每个时间步骤评估空气温度。
该相互关系的输入是:
T2压缩机入口温度(被监测),
T3压缩机出口温度(被监测),
P2压缩机入口压力(被监测)
P3压缩机出口压力(被监测)
相互关系会输出将要与第二叶轮空间温度进行比较的排气压力和温度。
抽气压力被评估为压缩机排放压力(P3)的函数:
其中fP11(T)是压缩机入口温度的第三阶多项式函数,其系数总结在表1中。
实际的多变效率ηact可以评估为:
其中γ(T)和f(T)由通过表1中的系数限定的第三阶多项式函数表述。
函数 | C0 | C1 | C2 | C3 |
fP11(T) | 2.22457469922934E+00 | -4.63874892302590E-03 | 2.44926189613996E-05 | -1.27947433407930E-07 |
γ(T) | 1.40029450459100E+00 | -1.87667861261292E-06 | -9.09273412720000E-08 | 4.44183762000000E-11 |
f(T) | -6.71976186797772E+01 | 3.75674097649753E+00 | -4.16444150209530E-02 | 2.11683533804297E-04 |
表1:用于多项式表达式的系数
最后,上游级(例如11级)空气温度可以计算为:
其中评估为:
对于不同机器的数据分析显示基于相互关系的简单的ΔT不够准确。数据显示在叶轮空间温度与上游级(例如11级)空气温度排气温度之间存在较大变化。
流道温度被考虑进来。例如燃气涡轮发动机401中唯一的流道温度测量是涡轮出口温度(T5)。观察到第二叶轮空间前向区域410和第二叶轮空间尾部区域412的温度紧密依赖于涡轮出口温度(T5)。
由于相互关系中的这种效应是有用的,因此引入常数θ,其可表述为:
θ的值是针对每个燃气涡轮发动机定义的,且具有针对该类机器的特征值。一旦为第二叶轮空间的前向和后侧设定了θ值,预测叶轮空间温度可以评估为:
针对前侧的TTWS2fwd=T11+θfwd(T5-T11) (6),
以及
针对后侧的TTWS2aft=T11+θaft(T5-T11) (7)。
下面描述基于通过***获取或推断的信号的用于叶轮空间温度的规则,以及预测值和阈值。
第一叶轮空间前向温度与压缩机排放温度(T3)强相关。简单但仍然可靠的相互关系是在二者之间设定恒定的温差。该差是机器的特征,即使其值可假设在0-60℃的范围内。标准机器具有大约40-60℃的典型基线温差,而其他机器可以具有大约10-15℃的较低温差。一旦基线温差被固定,可预测叶轮空间温度的变化不会超过大约±15℃。
第一叶轮空间尾部冷却由压缩机排放空气和上游压缩机级空气(例如第11级空气)的组合提供。比较这两个温度与测量的叶轮空间温度显示相对较大地依赖于涡轮出口温度。
在一个实施例中,由于压缩机排放空气和上游压缩机级空气流动都影响叶轮空间温度,因此使用二者的平均值进行比较:
其中采用上述步骤评估T11,以及T3是压缩机排放温度的测量值。(TTWS1AFT-Tmix)对于(T5-Tmix)线性依赖。在不同实施例中,使用压缩机排放空气和上游压缩机级空气流动的其他组合进行比较。例如,每一个可以彼此相对加权,或者其他流动也可以与压缩机排放空气和上游压缩机级空气流动组合。
因此以下步骤用于评估θ比率,其可被假设为恒定,并用于评估叶轮空间温度:
TTWS1aft=Tmix+θ(T5-Tmix) (9)
在其他实施例中,可以使用Tmix的质量流量平均值。
用于冷却第二叶轮空间前向和后侧的源例如是压缩机第11级排放空气。冷却空气流的温度根据上述过程通过压缩机的入口和出口部分的压力和温度的测量值进行评估。
可通过引入常数θ评估叶轮空间温度,θ允许准确预测叶轮空间温度。
在一种情况下,常数θ被确定为θfwd=0.289和θaft=0.345。使用这些常数,可以预测误差包括在大约±10℃内的叶轮空间温度。
确定用于第二叶轮空间温度和第一叶轮空间尾部的规则,以考虑涡轮出口温度且在所有情况下允许预测误差低于大约±15℃。第一叶轮空间前向温度与压缩机排放温度相互联系,不需要评估其他参数。上述所有规则考虑了预测值和机器相关设置。每个规则定义之前有一段校准,在校准期间根据监测结果设置特征参数。
图5是根据本公开的示例性实施例的方法500的流程图,该方法确定用于超过预定范围的发动机叶轮空间温度的建议。在示例性实施例中,方法500包括在存储器装置中存储502多个规则集,所述规则集与叶轮空间有关,所述规则集包括以实时数据输出相对于实时数据输入的关系表达式表述的至少一个规则,所述关系表达式对于叶轮空间温度是特定的,从与燃气涡轮机关联的状态监测***接收504实时和历史数据输入,数据输入与向叶轮空间供热的源相关,以及使用与叶轮空间温度相关的输入估计506叶轮空间温度值。
图中绘制的逻辑流不要求所示的特定顺序或序列顺序来达到理想的结果。此外,可以在所述流中提供其他步骤,或者可以从所述流中剔除步骤,以及可以在所述***中增加其他部件,或者从所述***中移除部件。相应的,其他实施例也在所附权利要求的范围内。
可以理解,以特定细节描述的以上实施例仅仅是示例或可能的实施例,还有可包含在内的许多其他组合、增加、或替换。
此外,部件的特定命名、术语的大写、属性、数据结构或任何其它编程或结构方面并非强制性的或重要的,且实施本发明或其特征的机构可具有不同的名称、格式或协议。此外,可以通过所述的硬件和软件的组合或者全部以硬件元件来实施***。此外,本说明书所述的不同***部件之间的特定功能划分仅仅是一个示例,而非强制性的;由单一***部件执行的功能可以替代性的由多个部件执行,以及由多个部件执行的功能可以替代性的由单一部件执行。
以上描述的一些部分呈现了关于信息操作的算法和符号表示的特征。数据处理领域的技术人员可使用这些算法描述和表示向本领域技术人员最有效地传递其工作的实质。可以理解从功能或逻辑上进行描述的这些操作由计算机程序执行。此外,有时已经证实,不失一般性,以模块或功能名称指代这些操作的设置是方便的。
除非特别声明,否则通过以上讨论显然可以理解在说明书全文中,采用例如“处理”或“计算”或“运算”或“确定”或“显示”或“提供”等术语的讨论指代计算机***或类似电子计算装置的动作或过程,其操纵和转换由计算机***存储器或寄存器或其它此类信息存储、传输或显示装置中的物理(电子)量表示的数据。
虽然已经参考不同的特定实施例描述了本公开,但是应认识到本公开的实施可以在权利要求的精神和范围内进行修改。
本说明书使用的术语处理器指代中央处理单元、微处理器、微控制器、精简指令集电路(RISC)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、逻辑电路和能够执行本说明书描述的功能的任何其他电路或处理器。
本说明书使用的术语“软件”和“固件”是可互换的,且包括存储在存储器中由处理器205执行的任何计算机程序,存储器包括RAM存储器、ROM存储器、EPROM存储器、EEPROM存储器和非易失性RAM(NVRAM)存储器。以上存储器类型仅仅是示例性的,因此不限于计算机程序的存储可用的存储器类型。
基于以上说明可以理解,本公开的上述实施例可以使用计算机编程或工程技术实施,包括计算机软件、固件、硬件或其任意组合或子集,其中技术效果包括:(a)在存储器装置中存储多个规则集,其中规则集与叶轮空间有关,包括以实时数据输出相对于实时数据输入的关系表达式表述的至少一个规则,其中关系表达式对于叶轮空间温度是特定的;(b)从与燃气涡轮机关联的状态监测***接收实时和历史数据输入,数据输入与向叶轮空间供热的源相关;(c)使用与叶轮空间的温度相关的输入估计叶轮空间温度值;(d)比较估计的叶轮空间温度与实际测量的叶轮空间温度;(e)使用比较生成建议消息,建议消息包括与叶轮空间温度相关的故障排除活动;(f)接收输入,所述输入代表来自于燃气涡轮机的燃烧过程的热气体、来自于燃气涡轮机的轴流压缩机的排放冷却空气和转子风阻效应中的至少一者中包含的热;(g)将叶轮空间温度的初始估计基线设置为等于使用叶轮空间的其他热源补偿的轴流压缩机排放冷却空气的温度;(h)将叶轮空间温度的初始估计基线设置为等于使用来自于燃烧过程的热气体的温度和转子风阻效应中的至少一者补偿的轴流压缩机排放冷却空气的温度;(i)使用燃气涡轮机的性能的热力学模拟在线确定估计的叶轮空间温度;(j)使用轴流压缩机的多变效率和轴流压缩机排放冷却空气温度在线确定估计的叶轮空间温度;(k)确定叶轮空间温度与轴流压缩机排放冷却空气温度之间的线性关系的斜率;(1)确定涡轮废气温度与轴流压缩机排放冷却空气温度之间的线性关系的斜率;以及(m)在可选时间段上迭代平均所述斜率。具有计算机可读代码手段的任何这样产生的程序可以包含或提供在一个或多个计算机可读介质中,从而制成根据本公开的所讨论的实施例的计算机程序产品(即制品)。计算机可读介质例如但不限于是固定(硬)驱动器、软盘、光盘、磁带、半导体存储器,例如只读存储器(ROM),和/或任何传输/接收介质,例如互联网或其他通信网络或链路。包含计算机代码的制品可通过直接从一个介质上执行代码、将代码从一个介质复制到另一个介质上、或者通过网络传输代码来制成和/或使用。
为了更特别地强调其实施独立性,本说明书中描述的许多功能单元已被标记为模块。例如,模块可以硬件电路实施,包括自定义的超大规模集成(“VLSI”)电路或门阵列,现有半导体,例如逻辑芯片、晶体管或其他分立组件。模块还可以在可编程硬件装置中实施,例如现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、可编程逻辑阵列、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)等。
模块还可以在由各类处理器执行的软件中实施。例如,可执行代码的识别模块可以包括一个或多个物理或逻辑的计算机指令块,这些计算机指令块可以被组织为例如对象、过程或函数。此外,识别模块的可执行代码不需要物理上定位在一起,而是可以包括存储在不同位置中的离散指令,当这些位置被逻辑结合在一起时,包括所述模块且能实现模块的上述目的。
可执行代码的模块可以是单一指令或者多个指令,甚至可以分布在不同程序中的多个不同代码段上,跨越多个存储器装置。类似的,操作数据可以在模块内被识别和显示,且可以体现为任何适当的形式及组织在任何适当类型的数据结构中。操作数据可以采集为单一数据集,或者可以分布在包括不同存储装置的不同位置上,以及可以至少部分地仅以***或网络上的电子信号存在。
方法以及包括规则模块的在线叶轮空间温度监测***的上述实施例提供了具有成本效益及可靠的手段,其提供有意义的操作建议和故障排除动作。此外,该***更加准确,不易发出假警报。更特别的,本说明书描述的方法和***可以在比已知***早得多的阶段预测部件故障,从而利于显著降低停机时间和防止跳闸。此外,上述方法和***利于在早期预测异常,从而让现场工作人员准备和规划设备的停机。因此,本说明书描述的方法和***利于以具有成本效益及可靠的方式操作燃气涡轮机和其他设备。
该书面描述使用示例来公开本发明,包括最佳实施方式,并使本领域技术人员能够实施本发明,包括制造和使用任何设备或***以及执行任何包含的方法。本发明的可专利范围由权利要求书限定,并且可以包括本领域技术人员想到的其它示例。这样的其它示例旨在属于权利要求书的范围内,只要它们具有与该权利要求书的文字语言没有区别的结构元件,或者只要它们包括与该权利要求的书文字语言无实质区别的等效结构元件。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于监测和诊断燃气涡轮机的叶轮空间中的异常的计算机执行的方法,所述方法使用耦合至用户接口和存储器装置的计算机装置来实施,所述方法包括:
在所述存储器装置中存储多个规则集,所述规则集与所述叶轮空间有关,所述规则集包括以实时数据输出相对于实时数据输入的关系表达式表述的至少一个规则,所述关系表达式对于所述叶轮空间的温度是特定的;
从与所述燃气涡轮机关联的状态监测***接收实时和历史数据输入,所述数据输入与向所述叶轮空间供热的源相关;以及
使用与所述叶轮空间的温度相关的输入估计叶轮空间温度值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于该方法还包括:
比较估计的叶轮空间温度与实际测量的叶轮空间温度;以及
使用所述比较生成建议消息,所述建议消息包括与叶轮空间温度相关的故障排除活动。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述规则集配置为接收输入,所述输入代表来自于所述燃气涡轮机的燃烧过程的热气体、来自于所述燃气涡轮机的轴流压缩机的排放冷却空气和转子风阻效应中的至少一者中包含的热。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述叶轮空间的温度的初始估计基线被设置为等于使用来自于燃烧过程的热气体的温度和转子风阻效应中的至少一者补偿的轴流压缩机排放冷却空气的温度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其中,使用与所述叶轮空间的温度相关的输入估计叶轮空间温度值还包括使用轴流压缩机的多变效率和轴流压缩机排放冷却空气温度在线确定估计的叶轮空间温度。
6.一种用于包括流动连通的轴流压缩机和低压涡轮的燃气涡轮机的叶轮空间监测和诊断***,所述***包括叶轮空间温度规则集,所述规则集包括实时数据输出相对于实时数据输入的关系表达式,所述关系表达式对于与所述叶轮空间中的热源相关的输入是特定的。
7.根据权利要求6所述的***,其特征在于,所述规则集配置为使用与所述叶轮空间中的热源相关的输入确定估计的叶轮空间温度值。
8.根据权利要求6所述的***,其特征在于,所述规则集配置为接收输入,所述输入代表来自于燃烧过程的热气体、轴流压缩机排放冷却空气和转子风阻效应中的至少一者中包含的热。
9.根据权利要求6所述的***,其特征在于,叶轮空间温度的初始估计基线等于使用来自于燃烧过程的热气体的温度和转子风阻效应中的至少一者补偿的轴流压缩机排放冷却空气的温度。
10.根据权利要求6所述的***,其特征在于,其使用所述轴流压缩机的多变效率和轴流压缩机排放冷却空气温度在线确定估计的叶轮空间温度。
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