CN114403067B - Method for evaluating growth state of crayfish cultured in rice field - Google Patents
Method for evaluating growth state of crayfish cultured in rice field Download PDFInfo
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- CN114403067B CN114403067B CN202110149375.4A CN202110149375A CN114403067B CN 114403067 B CN114403067 B CN 114403067B CN 202110149375 A CN202110149375 A CN 202110149375A CN 114403067 B CN114403067 B CN 114403067B
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- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000169203 Eichhornia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a growth state evaluation method for crayfishes cultured in a rice field, which comprises the following steps: transplanting water hyacinth in the annular ditch for culturing crayfish, and spreading farmyard manure to promote the growth of water hyacinth; after the shrimp larvae are put in for 15 days, the field is patrolled every day, the leaf color of the water hyacinth is observed and recorded, and the leaf color of the water hyacinth recorded every day is sequentially arranged to form a leaf colorimetric card; comparing the leaf color of the water hyacinth on the same day recorded on the leaf colorimetric card every 5-7 days with the leaf color of the water hyacinth recorded 5-7 days before, and judging the leaf color change of the water hyacinth: if the green color is deepened or unchanged, the growth state of the crayfishes in the rice field is not good; if the crayfish is slightly yellow and does not further yellow, the crayfish is not good in growth state and reduced in number; if the crayfish turns yellow moderately or severely, the crayfish is in good growth state and large in number. The method is simple, accurate and reliable to operate, and convenient for the farmers to adjust subsequent field management, and ensures the successful crayfish culture and the generation of economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the growth state of crayfishes cultured in a rice field.
Background
In recent years, crayfish has become the 'leading force' of aquaculture in the comprehensive planting and breeding mode of paddy fields in China, has good social benefit, ecological benefit and economic benefit, and is highly popular with vast rice growers. According to statistics, in the rice-crayfish mode, 120 kilograms of crayfish and more than 400 kilograms of rice are generally produced per mu, and the pure income per mu is more than 4000 yuan, so that the farmland utilization rate and the output benefit are effectively improved, and the income of farmers is increased.
When crayfish cultured in a rice field is highly worried, the situation that the crayfish thrown in the field is harvested with little catching amount and even is harvested absolutely, so that the crayfish is seriously damaged occurs. The reason is that during the crayfish breeding period, a method for accurately and quickly judging the growth state and the number of the crayfishes in the rice field is lacked, and a lot of inconvenience is brought to the crayfish breeding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the growth state and the number of crayfishes cultured in a rice field can not be judged accurately and rapidly in the existing process of culturing the crayfishes in the rice field, and provides a method for evaluating the growth state of the crayfishes cultured in the rice field, which can realize rapid judgment of the growth state and the number of the crayfishes in the rice field.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for evaluating the growth state of crayfishes cultured in a rice field, which comprises the following steps:
1) Transplanting the water hyacinth in the annular ditch for culturing the crayfishes in the rice field, wherein the transplanting area of the water hyacinth accounts for 5-15% of the area of the annular ditch;
2) After the water hyacinth is transplanted, the water level of the rice field is reduced to the annular ditch, and organic farmyard manure is spread into the annular ditch to promote the growth of the water hyacinth;
3) After the shrimp larvae are put in for 15 days, the field is patrolled every day, the leaf color of the water hyacinth is observed and recorded, and the leaf color of the water hyacinth recorded every day is sequentially arranged to form a leaf colorimetric card;
4) Comparing the leaf color of the water hyacinth on the same day recorded on the leaf colorimetric card every 5-7 days with the leaf color of the water hyacinth recorded 5-7 days before, and judging whether the leaf color change of the water hyacinth is deepened green, unchanged green, slightly yellow, moderately yellow or severely yellow: if the color of the water hyacinth is changed into green and deepened or unchanged, the water hyacinth growth is not influenced, the growth state of the paddy field crayfishes is not good, the number of the paddy field crayfishes is small, and the diseased shrimps, the dead shrimps or the live shrimps escape or are caught and eaten; if the color of the water hyacinth leaves changes to be slightly yellow, continuously observing for 5 days, and if the color of the water hyacinth leaves does not further turn yellow, indicating that the growth of the water hyacinth is influenced to a certain extent, the food intake of the rice field crayfish is stable, the growth state of the crayfish is not good, and the number of the crayfish is reduced; if the leaves of the water hyacinth turn yellow moderately or severely, the crayfish shows that the crayfish has good growth state and large amount, insufficient food is provided in the field, and the daily management needs to be strengthened in the later period.
Transplanting the water hyacinth in the step 1) comprises the following steps:
a) Preparation work before transplanting the water hyacinth: preparing an enclosing frame capable of floating on the water surface according to the width of the excavated annular ditch, placing the enclosing frame in the middle of the annular ditch and fixing the enclosing frame by using a rope, wherein the proportional relation of the width of the annular ditch, the length of the enclosing frame and the width of the enclosing frame is 1.4-0.6, and the total placing area of the enclosing frame in the annular ditch accounts for 10% -20% of the total placing area of the annular ditch;
b) The method for transplanting the water hyacinth comprises the following steps: the planting of the water hyacinth is generally carried out at the beginning of 3 months, the transplanting is mainly carried out by dividing plants, the transverse stolons are cut into a plurality of sections or are cut with roots to separate a plurality of axillary buds, and the water hyacinth can naturally survive after being put into a surrounding frame;
c) Transplanting area: the transplanting area of the water hyacinth in the enclosure frame accounts for 1/2-2/3 of the area of the enclosure frame.
The specific steps of the step 2) are as follows: after the water hyacinth is transplanted, 200-300 kg/mu of cow dung or pig dung is uniformly spread in the annular ditch to supply water hyacinth for growth and fertilize water quality.
Further, if the color of the water hyacinth is changed into green and deepened or unchanged, whether the annular ditch has dead shrimps, diseased shrimps and the like needs to be checked, after confirmation, treatment is timely carried out according to the illness state of the crayfish, and the water quality is adjusted; after the sick shrimps are cured, the water quality is regulated to a normal range, the shrimp larvae can be fed again, and the water quality is monitored; after the diseases of the crayfishes are eliminated, the construction of infrastructure is perfected, the patrol intensity is enhanced, and the crayfish fries are fed in a supplementing way.
Further, if the color of the water hyacinth leaves changes to be slightly yellow and does not further yellow after observing for 5 days, constructing infrastructure, disinfecting water in the annular ditch, regulating and controlling water quality, feeding baits and feeding, and then supplementing shrimp seeds.
Further, if the color of the water hyacinth leaves turns yellow moderately or severely, the feeding amount of the bait needs to be increased every day, and the bait is preferably not left in the next day.
Furthermore, the crayfish can be caught when the crayfish size reaches more than 25 g, and the crayfish can be primarily classified according to the weight of 35g, 30-35g and 25-30 g and then sold.
The technical principle of the method is as follows:
the water hyacinth is a floating herb, has developed fibrous roots and extremely short stems, has creeping branches and strong fertility; the leaf surface is dark green, bright, thick, both sides slightly roll up, the top slightly rolls down. The crayfish breeding bait is a great source of aquatic plant bait for breeding crayfish in rice fields because the crayfish breeding bait is favorable for a warm and humid environment with sufficient sunlight and has strong adaptability. The crayfish prefers to eat the roots of the tender roots of the water hyacinth, the eating ability of the crayfish is very strong, and the crayfish has the habit of competing for eating and snatching, when the crayfish excessively eats the roots of the water hyacinth, the crayfish influences the absorption of the roots of the water hyacinth on nutrient elements and further influences the normal growth of the upper parts of the crayfish, so that the color of the leaves of the water hyacinth is changed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention provides a basis and a method for evaluating the growth state and the number of crayfishes in a rice field;
2) The evaluation method is simple to operate, accurate and reliable, and can save a large amount of time, labor and other costs;
3) The assessment method of the invention enables the farmers to conveniently adjust the subsequent field management, and ensures the successful crayfish breeding and the generation of economic benefits;
4) The adult shrimps are caught in time, so that the efficient food distribution utilization rate is facilitated, the feed cost investment is reduced, the growth space of other unfinished shrimps is increased, and the phenomenon that the crayfishes kill each other is avoided;
5) The assessment method can realize graded selling of the crayfishes and improve the selling value of the crayfishes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific preferred examples, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
For convenience of description, the relative positional relationship of the components, such as: the descriptions of the upper, lower, left, right, etc. are provided in terms of description and are not intended to limit the structure of this patent.
The embodiment of the method for evaluating the growth state of the crayfishes cultured in the rice field comprises the following steps:
1) Transplanting the water hyacinth:
a. preparation work before transplanting the water hyacinth: preparing an enclosure frame according to the actual width and area of the excavated annular ditch, wherein the enclosure frame is generally placed in the middle of the annular ditch, one end of a rope is connected and fixed with one end of the enclosure frame, and the other end of the rope is fixed on the bank; the prepared enclosure frame can float on the water surface, the manufacturing material is generally bamboo or plastic, the shape is square, the ratio of the width of the annular ditch to the length and width of the enclosure frame is preferably 1.4-0.6, the number or the total area of the enclosure frames placed in the annular ditch is preferably 10% -20% of the total area of the annular ditch;
b. the method for transplanting the water hyacinth comprises the following steps: generally, at the beginning of 3 months per year, selecting a water hyacinth stock plant with better growth vigor, cutting the cross-grown stolon stock plant into a plurality of sections or cutting off a plurality of axillary buds with roots in a way of plant division and transplanting, and putting the cut axillary buds into an enclosure frame which is already arranged in an annular ditch;
c. transplanting area: the transplanting density of the water hyacinth accounts for 1/2-2/3 of the area of the enclosing frame, and the total density accounts for about 5-15% of the area of the annular groove;
2) Managing the water hyacinth:
after the water hyacinth is transplanted, the water level of the rice field is returned to the annular ditch, and about 200-300 kg/mu of organic farmyard manure such as cow manure or pig manure is uniformly spread to the annular ditch, and the spread farmyard manure provides nutrient substances for the growth of the water hyacinth on one hand and enriches plankton in the water on the other hand so as to provide food for the growth of the following crayfish on the other hand;
3) And (5) performing management work of preparing water hyacinth before putting the shrimp larvae. Putting the shrimp larvae for about 15 days, continuously observing the leaf colors of the water hyacinth in the enclosure by combining the morning and evening field patrol every day, recording the leaf colors of the water hyacinth, and sequentially arranging the leaf colors of the water hyacinth recorded every day to form a leaf colorimetric card;
4) Comparing the leaf color of the water hyacinth recorded on the leaf colorimetric card every 5-7 days on the same day with the leaf color of the water hyacinth recorded 5-7 days before, and judging whether the leaf color change of the water hyacinth is deepened green, unchanged green, slightly yellow, moderately yellow or severely yellow: if the color of the water hyacinth is changed into green and deepened or unchanged, the water hyacinth growth is not influenced, the growth state of the paddy field crayfishes is not good, the number of the paddy field crayfishes is small, and the diseased shrimps, the dead shrimps or the live shrimps escape or are caught and eaten; if the leaf color of the water hyacinth changes into slight yellow, continuously observing for 5 days, and if the leaf color of the water hyacinth does not further change into yellow, indicating that the water hyacinth grows to a certain extent, the food intake of the rice field crayfish is stable, the growth state of the crayfish is not good, and the number of the crayfish is reduced; if the leaves of the water hyacinth turn yellow moderately or severely, the crayfish shows that the crayfish has good growth state and large amount, insufficient food is provided in the field, and the daily management needs to be strengthened in the later period.
5) Checking whether dead shrimps, diseased shrimps and the like exist in the annular groove according to the condition that the water hyacinth leaves are green and deepened or unchanged, timely treating the disease condition of the crayfish after confirmation, and adjusting the water quality; after the sick shrimps are cured, the water quality is regulated to a normal range, the shrimp larvae can be fed in again, and meanwhile, the work of changing water, disinfecting and the like in an annular ditch is well done; after the diseases of the crayfish are eliminated, the construction of basic facilities such as escape prevention facilities and enemy prevention facilities is perfected, the patrol intensity is enhanced, and the crayfish fries are added;
6) Aiming at the water hyacinth which is slightly yellow and not further yellow, building escape-proof and enemy-proof infrastructure, disinfecting water in an annular ditch, regulating and controlling water quality, feeding baits and the like, and then feeding shrimp fries;
7) Aiming at the moderate or severe yellow change of the water hyacinth, the bait feeding amount needs to be increased every day, and the bait is preferably not remained in the next day; subsequently, increasing or decreasing the bait feeding amount according to the leaf color change of the water hyacinth;
8) The crayfish can be caught when the crayfish size reaches more than 25 g, and the crayfish can be primarily classified according to the weight of 35g, 30-35g and 25-30 g and then sold.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for evaluating the growth state of crayfishes bred in a rice field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Transplanting the water hyacinth in the annular ditch for culturing the crayfishes in the rice field, wherein the transplanting area of the water hyacinth accounts for 5-15% of the area of the annular ditch;
2) After the water hyacinth is transplanted, the water level of the rice field is reduced to the annular ditch, and organic farmyard manure is spread into the annular ditch to promote the growth of the water hyacinth;
3) After putting the shrimp larvae for 15 days, patrolling the field every day, observing the leaf color of the water hyacinth, recording the leaf color of the water hyacinth, and sequentially arranging the leaf colors of the water hyacinth recorded every day to form a leaf colorimetric card;
4) Comparing the leaf color of the water hyacinth on the same day recorded on the leaf colorimetric card every 5-7 days with the leaf color of the water hyacinth recorded 5-7 days before, and judging whether the leaf color change of the water hyacinth is deepened green, unchanged green, slightly yellow, moderately yellow or severely yellow: if the color of the water hyacinth is changed into green deepening or green unchangeable, the water hyacinth is shown to grow unaffected, the growth state of the paddy field crayfishes is not good, the number of the paddy field crayfishes is small, and diseased shrimps, dead shrimps or live shrimps escape or are caught to eat; if the color of the water hyacinth leaves changes to be slightly yellow, continuously observing for 5 days, and if the color of the water hyacinth leaves does not further turn yellow, indicating that the growth of the water hyacinth is influenced to a certain extent, the food intake of the rice field crayfish is stable, the growth state of the crayfish is not good, and the number of the crayfish is reduced; if the leaves of the water hyacinth turn yellow moderately or severely, the crayfish shows that the crayfish has good growth state and large amount, insufficient food is provided in the field, and the daily management needs to be strengthened in the later period.
2. The method for evaluating the growth state of the rice field crayfishes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transplanting of the water hyacinth in the step 1) comprises:
a) Preparation work before transplanting the water hyacinth: preparing an enclosing frame capable of floating on the water surface according to the width of the excavated annular ditch, placing the enclosing frame in the middle of the annular ditch and fixing the enclosing frame by using a rope, wherein the proportional relation of the width of the annular ditch, the length of the enclosing frame and the width of the enclosing frame is 1.4-0.6, and the total placing area of the enclosing frame in the annular ditch accounts for 10% -20% of the total placing area of the annular ditch;
b) The method for transplanting the water hyacinth comprises the following steps: the planting of the water hyacinth is generally carried out at the beginning of 3 months, the transplanting is mainly carried out by dividing plants, the transverse stolons are cut into a plurality of sections or are cut with roots to separate a plurality of axillary buds, and the water hyacinth can naturally survive after being put into a surrounding frame;
c) Transplanting area: the transplanting area of the water hyacinth in the enclosure frame accounts for 1/2-2/3 of the area of the enclosure frame.
3. The method for evaluating the growth state of the rice field cultured crayfishes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2) comprises the following steps: after the water hyacinth is transplanted, 200-300 kg/mu of cow dung or pig dung is uniformly spread in the annular ditch to supply water hyacinth for growth and fertilize water quality.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the color of the water hyacinth is changed to a green color, and the presence of dead shrimps and diseased shrimps in the annular groove is checked, and after confirmation, the disease condition of the crayfish is treated in time, and the water quality is adjusted; after the sick shrimps are cured, regulating the water quality to a normal range, supplementing shrimp seedlings and monitoring the water quality; after the diseases of the crayfishes are eliminated, the construction of infrastructure is perfected, the patrol intensity is enhanced, and the crayfish fries are fed again.
5. The method for evaluating the growth state of the crayfishes bred in the rice field as claimed in claim 1, wherein if the color of the leaves of the water hyacinth changes to be slightly yellow and does not further yellow after observation for 5 days, the construction of infrastructure, water disinfection in the annular ditch, water quality regulation and control, and bait feeding are carried out, and then the crayfish seedlings are fed again.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein if the leaf color of the water hyacinth turns yellow moderately or severely, the feeding amount of the bait is increased every day, preferably no bait is left on the next day.
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| CN103931529B (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2016-01-20 | 嘉兴职业技术学院 | The method of rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp |
| CN105557585A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-05-11 | 安庆市义云农业有限责任公司 | Paddy rice and lobster mixed culture method |
| CN106797853A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-06-06 | 长江大学 | A kind of method of mountain area paddy field aquaculture cray |
| CN109997753A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-12 | 湖南助农农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of rice field ecology cray cultural method |
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