CN106135073A - A kind of rice field fish culture method during Rice Cropping - Google Patents
A kind of rice field fish culture method during Rice Cropping Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to fish during a kind of Rice Cropping and support the application of rice field technology, it is by open country Cyprinus carpio, pond crucian carp, Megalobrama amblycephala, four kinds of fries of Misgurni anguillicaudati, in good time science put in a suitable place to breed in rice field, reach during Rice Cropping: arable land effect of loosening the soil, replace chemical pesticide herbicide effect, replace chemical pesticide to eliminate insect effect in water, temperature raising effect, oxygen supplement effect, promote precocity, production-increasing function, upgrading potentiation, environmental protection effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the use of the formula of four kinds of fresh water young fish compositions, in good time science puts the application during Rice Cropping in a suitable place to breed.
Background technology
Rice field fish culture China has long history, rice field is formed at many levels, multipurpose, high benefit, knowledge-and-technology-intensive comprehensive three-dimensional agriculture and good paddy ecosystem.The scientific research of rice field fish culture, also deepens continuously, the production practices development of the masses, and the theory of rice field fish culture also will be enriched constantly, improve.
The development of rice field fish culture, on the one hand provides fresh fish for market, and breeding fish for large-scale science the most again provides large standard high quality fingerling.Most importantly, while ensureing that rice yield steadily improves, add the income of fish to rice field.It is to say, fish crop is the highest, the biggest benefit of specification is the best.In rice field fish culture for many years is put into practice, there are the good experience of a lot of rice field fish culture, good technology in all parts of the country, do not enumerate." rice field fish culture " is the remaining space development fishery utilizing rice field in a word, thus reaches Oryza sativa L. good harvest, the aquatic products additionally purposes received more.
But finding in practice for many years, this technology remains in some shortcoming and defect, needs further improvement and perfect.The topmost shortcoming of this technology is:
One, fish products kind of eating food is single, weak effect, i.e. only Cyprinus carpio and two kinds of fries of Ctenopharyngodon idellus, a large amount of numerous life due to the various weeds in rice field, mainly seed is raw in the majority, and fry herbicide pesticide mainly relies on various ominivore-fish, and various weeds are eliminated the stage before the rudiment of grass seed, namely the various grass seeds before these rudiments are directly eaten up, remainder grows up to being eaten up again of grass bud by herbivorous fishes, and food fish products kind is single, have impact on herbicide pesticide effect to a certain extent.
Two, bad due to Ctenopharyngodon idellus Seedling adaptability in rice field, there is following four disease heavier to its harm.
(1) white head and mouth fish disease；(2) erythroderma；(3) gill rot；(4) hemorrhagic disease.
These four disease has severely impacted the survival rate of Ctenopharyngodon idellus Seedling, fall ill serious plot in autumn rice field at all without the trace of Ctenopharyngodon idellus, therefore cause plot out of the ordinary herbicidal effect bad, add burden to peasant's artificial weeding, be more seriously that the large-area applications that have impact on fry herbicide pesticide new technique is promoted.
Summary of the invention
" rice field fish culture " method, it is aquaculture technology and the combining closely of Rice Cropping technology, can be to promote increasing production of rice, precocity, improvement soil, ecological, environmental protective, production green, high-quality, the effective technical measures of health food rice as the important content of farming operation system reform.It is the facilitation to paddy growth, improves the interior quality of rice, be put into first without residual toxicity, the economic benefit that increases substantially plant husbandry.The yield height of fish, specification size are put into back burner, it might even be possible to do not consider benefit and the income of fish itself.
" rice field fish culture " is to utilize the feeding habits of four kinds of fresh water young fish, habit and biological characteristics, carries out the combination collocation of science, and mixing in good time is put into and reached following purpose in rice field:
1, loosen the soil arable land effect；
2, parasite killing replaces pesticide herbicide effect；
3, chemical pesticide is replaced to eliminate insect effect in water；
4, temperature raising effect；
5, oxygen supplement effect；
6, precocious production-increasing function is promoted；
7, upgrading potentiation；
8, environmental protection effect.
" rice field fish culture " method substantially envisages the links of paddy growth, and necessary various technical measures, the application of " rice field fish culture " method during calendar year 2001 experimental study Rice Cropping in person during paddy growth.Four kinds of fresh water young fish are scientifically grouped together, after field is put in mixing, for promoting that paddy growth reaches following beyond thought technique effect.That is: Cyprinus carpio, crucian carp, Misgurni anguillicaudati three kinds are the arable land chessons that can loosen the soil.Cyprinus carpio, crucian carp, triangular bream, four kinds of fishes of Misgurni anguillicaudati can directly eat up insect in the grass seed before various rudiment and various water.Cyprinus carpio, crucian carp, three kinds of fishes of triangular bream can directly eat up various grass bud.Cyprinus carpio, crucian carp, triangular bream, four kinds of fishes of Misgurni anguillicaudati can be rice field temperature raising, oxygen supplement, rush precocity, upgrading potentiation jointly, reach the effect of environmental protection.
The scientific and effective combination of these four fish, mixing is put in rice field, is ideal biotechnology formula, has the effect of eight rice field fish cultures, more has more than fry herbicide pesticide new technique and replaces the herbicide pesticide effect of chemical pesticide.Therefore " rice field fish culture " method is more creative and novelty, and it is constantly to explore on the basis of rice field fish culture and in practice, find, develop, transform, the new formula of " rice field fish culture " method during the Rice Cropping grown up day by day.Theoretical according to " fish rice symbiosis ", breed fish fry in rice field and reach beyond thought various effect.The method marrow of " rice field fish culture " is to utilize fry to do " labourer ".
The feeding habits feature of various fries:
(1) wild Cyprinus carpio: wild Cyprinus carpio belongs to omnivorousness, euryphagy Fish.Mollusca, higher aquatic plants fragment, zoobenthos are so that tiny algae is all its frequent food.Its dens pharyngeala has three rows, shape such as mortar tooth, outside dispelling pathogen from the interior row first is smooth, there is translot in remaining face.The scope adapted to foodstuff due to Cyprinus carpio is wide, and the requirement to other living condition is the strictest, and therefore, viability is strong especially, adapts to very much grow in rice terrace.
(2) pond crucian carp fish: pond crucian carp is also ominivore-fish.Feeding habits are Bellamya quadratas of seldom ingesting with the main distinction of Cyprinus carpio, are sometimes occasionally found.Carassius auratus has to scrape and licks on bank, ratchel and the custom of attached algae on other submerged object.More higher aquatic plants of ingesting.Immature individuality, feeding habits and Cyprinus carpio are almost identical, are i.e. algae, wheel animalcule, cladocera, Copepods, chironomus larvas and other mixed worm larva etc..
(3) Megalobrama amblycephala: Megalobrama amblycephala system herbivorous fishes, the juvenile fish before 3.5cm is to eat zooplankton, including wheel animalcule, cladocera and other small-sized Crustacean germling.The juvenile fish that 3.5cm is later, starts to eat the water plant tender leafs such as hydrilla verticillata, the various weeds tender shoots the most very eatings the most progressively based on pasture and water, in rice field.
(4) Misgurni anguillicaudati: Misgurni anguillicaudati is ominivore-fish, its foodstuff has plankton, small-sized shell-fish, insecticide and germling, flat spiral shell, drought life and water plant chip and algae etc., the most also humus at the bottom of drinking water or body refuse, happiness is dwelt on the mud top layer of humus, diving during water temperature height occupies at 10-30cm at the bottom of mud, is ideal " rice field fish culture " Fish.
Put the effect in rice field in a suitable place to breed after various fry scientific combination in good time:
1, wild Cyprinus carpio: the wild Cyprinus carpio bodily form is elongated, adapt to very much grow in the shallow water of rice field, wild Cyprinus carpio summer flower is elongated due to its bodily form, it is movable more to adapt in rice transplanting initial stage the most shallow 5cm water layer, owing to its wild nature is constant, ingesting in rice field vigorous, excavating while search of food, stirring bed mud is that rice field serves arable land effect of loosening the soil.Along with constantly growing up of wild Cyprinus carpio specification, its excavation bed mud degree of depth changes the most therewith, has also catered to Oryza sativa L. in advance and has taken root shallow, and wild Cyprinus carpio specification is little dredges shallow, does not destroy rice root.Later stage rice root is deep, well developed root system, and fry gradually grows up and excavates bed mud intensification, but the degree of depth is limited, can not destroy rice root.In rice seedling and the period of wild Cyprinus carpio summer flower fry synchronous growth, wild carp fry ensure that whole paddy growth process soil is soft, takes root vigorous growth smoothly.Wild Cyprinus carpio is that body length should control within 12cm during the work of rice field, excavate bed mud be Oryza sativa L. pine soil depth between 2-5cm, it can rice transplantation by hand time the footprint that stays fill and lead up, it can rice transplanter rice transplanting time the ridge ditch that stays, ridge platform fill and lead up.
2, pond crucian carp: pond crucian carp omnivorousness, with aquatic insect, organic debris and pasture and water etc. for food, can eat up grass seed, grass bud, insect etc. in rice field.Also loosen the soil during search of food together with Cyprinus carpio arable land effect.
3, blunt-snout gurnards: blunt-snout gurnards phytophage, can eat up grass bud, Caulis et Folium Polygalae Tenuifoliae in rice field.Mix with other kind Fish and be placed in rice field, elimination grass bud, the ability of Caulis et Folium Polygalae Tenuifoliae can be highlighted especially.
4, Misgurni anguillicaudati: Misgurni anguillicaudati is omnivorousness, can eat up insect in grass seed, grass bud, zooplankton, worm's ovum, water in rice field.There are the following search of food of sludge 15cm and the ability perched, are subsoiling paddy soil indispensable " instrument ".
" rice field fish culture " method data and rule of operation
One, the selection in rice field
Selection is had abundant water resources, and water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and convenient near road traffic, plot good water-retaining property, every pond rice field area cannot be less than 1 mu (667 square metres).
Two, irrigation facility
1, ridge: the old ridge planting rice for many years to redress, will reach high 40cm, bottom width 50cm, top width 30cm, to be compacted after finishing, mustn't have rat hole and Gryllotalpa hole.
2, fish gathering ditch: fish gathering ditch is not required to individually excavate, at the end of water is raked the soil level, tractor is individually gone by balk without planker.
3, fish screen
(1) using natural river, the rice field drainage mouth fish screen to be arranged of river-water irrigation, prevent wild fishes and harmful animal to be mixed into field harm fry when water filling, fish barrier summer flower screen cloth or window screening are made.Can reach to cross smoothly water, prevent pond fish overhead stream from runing away or jumping and run away.
(2) can not set fish screen when using grou1ndwater irrigation, because ground water temperature is the lowest, it is far that fry meets that cold water can hide, it is impossible to removes overhead stream, does not also have any harmful animal.
Three, wholely
The plot of " rice field fish culture " must be to plough in the autumn or the spring ploughs, ploughed depth 20cm to be reached, and must reach cun water and not leak mud when water is raked the soil level, leakage mustn't be had to turn over and leak the plot of rake, water rake the soil level after plot want timely backwater about 6cm, mustn't dry in the sun, more mustn't spend and reach water.To determine that water is raked the soil level the time according to transplanting time, within i.e. before rice transplanting 1-2 days, can to rake the soil level by water.
Four, Rice Cropping requirement
1, rice varieties: select high-quality, high yield, cane is strong, resistant to lodging, disease resistance ability is strong kind.
2, seedling raise period: will calculate forward according to transplanting time, determines nursery correct time (the general length of time rice seedlings grow takes 30 days).
3, method for culturing seedlings: must use seedling bowl plate nursery, carries out dry rice seedling, educates strong seedling.
4, rice transplanting method: bowl planting or rice transplanting.
5, transplanting time: transplanting time will be determined according to the correct time bred fish fry, i.e. putting 2-3 days before fish is optimal transplanting time.
6, transplanting density: line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, every strain 2-3.Transplanting method also dependent on the Oryza sativa L. optimum point of production of locality popularization determines, without particular/special requirement.
Five, fry is put in a suitable place to breed
1, purchase sufficient amount of various fry in time according to the exact area of " rice field fish culture ", and guarantee:
(1) quantity is accurate；
(2) neat specification；
(3) anosis nothing wound, body constitution stalwartness are vivaciously.
2, put in a suitable place to breed the time: after rice transplanting, in 2-5 days, will all put end in a suitable place to breed.
3, the correct time of each link correctly to determine according to the practical situation of spring temperature, the correct time of each link, i.e. seedling time, water rake the soil level time, transplanting time, put the fish time, these links to synchronize to carry out most important, must there is careful plan, must not go on business.
4, fry puts into rice field method:
(1) Seedling to be delayed 10 minutes, inside and outside Nylon Bag, water temperature puts into field time basically identical, concrete grammar is that the Nylon Bag equipped with fry is put at the deep water in rice field, water temperature in Dai can be automatically adjusted with water temperature in rice field, about about 10 minutes, inside and outside bag, water temperature difference can put into rice field when being less than 3 DEG C.
(2) fish body sterilization, before putting into rice field after fry delays Seedling, with the saline solution of 3%, the little Su of 2% reaches hydrating agents and embathes fish body 3-5 minute, the most slowly puts in rice field.
Six, water layer management
1, the water layer of about 5cm will be kept after rice transplanting, this be with the fundamental difference of the common implantation methods of Oryza sativa L. in place of, " rice field fish culture " is water conservation irrigation method, and common species planting paddy rice is " shallow, wet, dry " irrigation method.This is also the idea that vast plantation family must accept and update.Water retention cultivating does not interferes with takes root and tiller, can promote rice growth on the contrary, production-increasing function obvious.
2, due to " rice field fish culture " rice cultivation, field is without any chemical pesticide herbicide pesticide, and these challenges all rely on fry to complete.Put into the field fry of a week and there is no again the ability of herbicide pesticide, water layer about 5cm can only be kept after rice transplanting, after one week, when body length is more than more than 3.5cm, after conversion of food habit, grass seed and grass bud can be eaten up.
3, after rice transplanting, water conservation is irrigated, the most just rice agriculture worry most rice seedling will not critical period of normal growth, such as coordinate during this bad, if hydropenia, fry will not normal growth, do not reach expection specification rice field can farmland running to weeds, will lead to the failure time serious.
4, owing to taking bowl planting, pour water about 5cm in rice field, rice seedling meeting smooth growth, does not haves big slow Seedling phenomenon, owing to Seedling is strengthened, does not has overboard blade, be also not result in the harm of Liriomyza.
5, along with rice seedlings and the growth of fry, water irrigating depth also to add simultaneously and is deep to more than 6cm.The rice seedling tiller later stage adds high water level, controls rice ineffective tillering, more favourable fry growth, more can play the effect of " rice field fish culture ".
6, according to the mature condition of Oryza sativa L., the depth of water in rice field also should according to Oryza sativa L. need increase and decrease water level because " rice field fish culture " task is basically completed after the neat fringe of Oryza sativa L., can fish with draining.
Seven, field management
1, fry bait feeding: fry is the natural bait maintenance normal growth in reliable rice field in being thrown into paddy fields a week, during this, fry is little is food mainly by the zooplankton in rice field.Constantly growth and conversion of food habit along with various fries, progressively with the grass seed in rice field, grass bud, insect etc. for food, but these size of food are limited quickly to be eaten up required for the fry that can not meet fast-growth, there is starvation in fry, this is also the link that " rice field fish culture " must have, in order to allow fry preferably service for rice field, this starvation must be kept, but can not excessively hungry impact grow, want the bait of throwing something and feeding of suitable supplementary, that is, the next day of taking, bait throwing in method once feeds fish.
The bait throwing in time: the next day at dusk bait throwing in once.
Daily ration, feeding quantity: be limited to eat up morning next day.
Bait throwing in point: unfixed point is thrown something and fed, each bait throwing in will change a place.
Food quality: the pellet of the content 30% of thick egg.
Bait throwing in total amount: 25 kilograms of per hectare rice field.It should be emphasized that fry is in order to sustain life and normal growth, can look for the various utilizable food in field hunger when insanely, the various effects of " rice field fish culture " are all to be realized by the process of Fish search of food and food.
2, fish disease prevention and cure: periodically (once every two weeks) antibiotics or feed-processing plant's ready-made pharmaceutical chemistry of preparation of throwing something and feeding can be added in bait, prevent the generation of bacterial disease.
3, field is patrolled: to adhere to every day sooner or later patrolling field.
(1) fish is observed the most normal.
(2) at the lower public attention in rice field, observe the floating quantity of various weeds.
(3) checking that ridge is the most leaky, whether fish screen damages or foreign material blocking affected water.Pinpoint the problems and to take measures in time.
4, fertilising:
(1) using sufficient base manure before water is raked the soil level, dose can determine according to soil fertility and design rice yield.
(2) will be in line with principle the most repeatedly when topdressing, carbamide, ammonium sulphate are each, at most mustn't be more than 10 kilograms.
(3) mustn't to use carbon ammonia, ammonia etc. volatile in " rice field fish culture " plot, and the fertilizer that zest is strong prevents Fish to be poisoned to death.
5, the minimum depth of water: in order to ensure the success of " rice field fish culture ", to before harvesting after fry puts into rice field, the minimum depth of water of early stage during this cannot be less than 3cm, and the later stage cannot be less than 6cm.
6, Oryza sativa L. disease, worm, the preventing and treating of crop smothering
(1) plot of " rice field fish culture " is not required to use any chemical herbicide and insecticide is also not required to the weeding of chemicals feud, and the parasite killing in rice field, weeding task are completed by fry, have ideal effect.
(2) good rice varieties that resistance against diseases is strong, rice quality is good is selected, normal yield, rice blast will not occur, once due to improper fertilization, the rice blast that the factors such as the serious excess of nitrogenous fertilizer or the rainy few photograph of low temperature cause, during necessary medication, the medicine of plant source to be selected or microbial source is treated.
(3), when causing foliar pest serious threat rice yield in case of exceptional circumstances, the vegetable source pesticide medicine of high-efficiency low-toxicity to be selected is treated.The persistent pesticide that high poison is above mustn't be used.If foliar pest is serious, it is not required to dispenser as scotellaris etc. falls into the water to be eaten up by fry by artificial treatment.
(4) when the barnyard grass being mixed into during rice transplanting or sandwich barnyard grass (grass in rice cave) are higher than rice seedling, be at any time with manually extracting.
Beneficial effect:
1, loosen the soil arable land effect
Four kinds of fries mix to put in good time stronger adaptability in rice field, they first tasks in rice field are exactly the feeding habits feature according to oneself and biological characteristics looks for, eats up food.Their comprehensive food composition is: grass seed, grass bud, Caulis et Folium Polygalae Tenuifoliae, zooplankton, worm's ovum and insect.When finding these foods, they have played respective strong point and feature, and wild Cyprinus carpio, pond crucian carp, Misgurni anguillicaudati serve the effect of loosen the soil arable land, chesson.Particularly loach fish freely can come in and go out in arable layer, namely about the 15cm below rice field mud face, owing to freely coming in and going out of they serves subsoiling effect to rice field.Wild Cyprinus carpio, pond crucian carp, Misgurni anguillicaudati are worked in coordination can play manpower in rice field, machinery is beyond one's reach loosening function, and soil porosity can reach about 60%.
In the rice field of applying pesticides method farming, after Oryza sativa L. maturation dries rice field, the footprint stayed during rice transplantation by hand is high-visible, and the degree of depth is at more than 10cm.Furrow, ridge platform that machine rice transplantation stays are the most high-visible, and height is at more than 5cm.And field soil property hardens hard, walk up as walked to step down on stone.
In the rice field of " rice field fish culture " method farming, after Oryza sativa L. maturation dries rice field, the equally level that manually or mechanically all vestiges during rice transplanting are manually smeared completely without ground, rice field image surface, and field soil property is soft, walks up as soft in stepped down on carpet.
2, chemical pesticide herbicide effect is replaced
The mixing of four kinds of fries, put into rice field in good time after, they, in order to maintain the life of oneself, ceaselessly find any utilizable food, it may be assumed that grass seed, grass bud, Caulis et Folium Polygalae Tenuifoliae, zooplankton, worm's ovum and insect.After the rice transplanting of rice field, owing to field soil property is fertile, various natural baits are the abundantest, these foods can meet four kinds of fries needs within seven days the most all the year round, starvation occurs afterwards, in order to allow various fry better control over weeds and the insect etc. in rice field, it is necessary to keep starvation, also it is unlikely to hungry to death, will suitably subsidize artitificial food.This link it is crucial that allow fry pasture, the speed of worm is always larger than worm, grass the speed of growth.Reach to replace the weeding of pesticide, deinsectization effect.
Weeding scope: long awns open country barnyard grass, without awns barnyard grass, Herba Caricis Phacotae, Herba Cyperi Glomerati, ball fringe grass, Herba monochoriae vaginalis, cut that each seed such as Gu Ying is raw, root weeds.Surveying through agricultural experts in the model field of " rice field fish culture ", every hundred various weeds in square meter rice field are less than 4.And no pesticide grown, do not put in the check plot of fry, just there are rice barnyard grass more than 300, Herba Caricis Phacotae 90 in every 1 square meter rice field, and other grass does not add up only both grass just more than 390.
3, chemical pesticide is replaced to eliminate insect effect in water
Wild Cyprinus carpio, pond crucian carp, Megalobrama amblycephala, four kinds of fry scientific combination of Misgurni anguillicaudati, after rice field is put in mixing in good time, the most directly eaten up rice grub while eating up various zooplankton, worm's ovum and zoobenthos.As: rice louse, leafhopper snout moth's larva, leafhopper, rice midge etc..Thus reached to utterly destroy the effect of insect in paddy field water.These four fry mixing, put into rice field in good time after can substitute for chemical pesticide parasite killing.
4, temperature raising effect
Wild Cyprinus carpio, pond crucian carp, Megalobrama amblycephala, four kinds of fries mixing of Misgurni anguillicaudati, put into rice field in good time after, be automatically separated into some little colonies, population size 3-50 tail, search of food in rice field, any one position in rice field, corner are all without letting slip.Be " willingly ", work diligently and conscientiously " work ", particularly wild Cyprinus carpio, pond crucian carp, Misgurni anguillicaudati ceaselessly excavate rice field bed mud, whole rice field water is stired and make muddy, make water body color increase the weight of, enhance the water body absorbability to sunlight, serve the effect heated for paddy field.Four kinds of fries, during rice field grows, can be that rice field increases effective accumulated temperature 80-100 DEG C.
5, oxygen supplement effect
Not putting the static rice field of fry is that the top layer dissolved oxygen content of water is higher, and rice field bottom water-soluble oxygen content is relatively low.Rice field dissolved oxygen in water mainly has two sources；One is the photosynthesis generation oxygen of phytoplankton in water；Two is that the oxygen in air dissolves in water, and both dissolved oxygens source is all confined to the upper strata of paddy field water, adds that Oryza sativa L. rhizome constantly breathes oxygen consumption, causes bottom oxygen content in paddy field water lower.After four kinds of fry mixing put into rice field in good time, constantly move about and ingest, agitation water body, make rice field upper and lower water layer convection current, break dissolved oxygen critical layer, plus Fish at the raw ripple of water middle reaches movable property, making the oxygen in air be dissolved into continuously in water, these links just improve the dissolved oxygen amount of whole paddyfield water.The paddyfield water dissolved oxygen amount having fish movable after measured is 11.0 milligrams every liter, is 8.0 milligrams without fish rice field dissolved oxygen amount.Owing to paddy field water improve dissolved oxygen amount, add the permeability of paddy soil, promote the fast-growth of rice root.
6, precocious production-increasing function is promoted
Wild Cyprinus carpio, pond crucian carp, Megalobrama amblycephala, four kinds of fries mixing of Misgurni anguillicaudati, put into rice field in good time after, their various feeding habits, habit and biological characteristic is utilized to carry out " rice field fish culture ", each served as arable land of loosening the soil, weeding deinsectization replaces the various benefits such as pesticide, temperature raising, oxygen supplement, thus promote fast-growth and the tiller of Oryza sativa L., promote well developed root system, therefore eary maturity of rice can be promoted seven days, to the north frost-free period short from the point of view of, this seven day time seems precious especially, it is Oryza sativa L. good harvest, ripe guarantee, also can increase yield 10%.
7, upgrading potentiation
" rice field fish culture " method is within 2009, to start test, and field test in 2010, experiment and demonstration in 2011, achieved with ideal technological achievement.This technology is to put omnivorousness in rice field in a suitable place to breed to reach, with four kinds of fries of phytophage, loosen the soil arable land, replacement chemical agent weeding, parasite killing, temperature raising, oxygen supplement, precocious volume increase, upgrading potentiation, the effect of environmental protection.Improving paddy field soil ecological ragime, production safety is without residual hazard, high nutrition, the rice of high-quality.For maintaining the continuous utilization of land resource, it is achieved major contribution is made in sustainable development.This technology large area practice and extension will pull local economy to increase, and increases considerably farmers' income.nullThis technical method is simple、With low cost，Peasant gladly accepts，Peasant utilizes 1 hectare of commonsense method kind Oryza sativa L. can produce Oryza glutinosa 7500 kilograms，Calculate by rice milling yield 65% and can process rice 4875kg，General rice market price per kilogram 1.8 yuan，Gross income is 8,775 yuans，And utilize " rice field fish culture " method to cultivate one hectare of rice field，Yield is also pressed 7500kg and is calculated，Rice milling yield is also by 65% calculating，4875 kilograms of rice can be processed，High-quality rice without residual toxicity can sell for RMB per kilogram more than 3.6 yuan，By 3.6 yuan of calculating，Gross income is 17,550 yuans，The cost of two kinds of implantation methods is essentially the same，About per hectare expense 6,000 yuan，It is 2775 yuan that commonsense method plants the profit volume of a hectare，" rice field fish culture " method one hectare of profit volume of plantation is 11550 yuan，Than the common species many incomes of method per hectare 8775 yuan，It it is 4.16 times of common species method.
8, environmental protection effect
The Nature fine has dedicated the mankind to unlimited, and it not only gives mankind blue sky, ocean, greatly, also gives mankind's sunlight, moisture, air, including home, field, including wishing, dream.The mankind should report mutually with spring, but, the most exactly felt ashamed in the face of the favor of the Nature, consciously or unconsciously between the competing the Nature that destroys give the fine environment of oneself.
Air is contaminated, and rivers are contaminated, and soil is contaminated.Beautiful field, although it is still beautiful on surface, but in the fruit of that gold, the material of harmful human body of immersion the most silently, since especially agricultural production uses chemical herbicide, parasite killing and biocide in a large number, nearly all agricultural byproducts all can not be escaped by luck, and the staple food of rice as the mankind makes an exception the most not, and the health and lives of the mankind receives safely directly threat.
On the Chinese side, up to now, season Oryza sativa L. use pesticide the most up to more than ten times.Example: seed soaking once, nursery bed disinfection once, seedbed weed eradication once, spray before shoot transplanting equipment medicine once, deinsectization spray medicine twice after rice transplanting, use chemical herbicide twice, diseases prevention two to three times.It is really a pity, the saddest, current high yield grain particularly Oryza sativa L., and competing is to grow up under the care of modern technology.
Using in a large number of agriculture chemical, has been significantly increased the yield of Oryza sativa L., the most extremely reduces rice quality.Remaining in the residual toxicity in rice, the lighter can cause the subhealth state of human body, becomes the inducement causing Other diseases, and severe one may result in canceration, deformity and gene mutation.According to medical expert's introduction, the big alimentary tract cancer of the six of the mankind is all the result of edible chemical pesticide serious residual food product accumulation poisoning.
In order to prevent the pollution of the environment and the harm of food residual hazard, China and in the world many countries are all advocating production pollution-free food and Harmless food, are all making great efforts environmental pollution and the food residual hazard problem that solution pesticide causes, and this is a global difficult problem.To this end, many scientists are earnestly exploring, seek assiduously, although also looked for thousand and one way, but all fail the pollution accomplishing thoroughly to remove pesticide to environment Yu Oryza sativa L..Although pollution-free food and pollution-free food have selected low-toxin farm chemicals, but its safe coefficient is the most unsatisfactory.
" rice field fish culture " method is theoretical according to rice fish mutualism, constantly explores, develops transformation in the practice of rice field fish culture, day by day improves and to grow up.It is to utilize the feeding habits of fry, habit and biological characteristics, in good time Rational Stocking fry in rice field, allows the fry look round for of enough hunger, eats up grass seed, grass bud, worm's ovum and the insect that supply falls short of demand, thus reaches the purpose of " rice field fish culture ".
The research of this technology, it is being macroscopically the Strategy of Clean Production and Green design carried out based on the whole world, green technology, the Three Greens development strategy of green manufacturing, and the agricultural production carried out energetically of China has to comply with in ecology flourishing two variable doulbe-sides' victory strategies on safety and economy and carries out, on microcosmic, then it is intended to create a good ecosystem environment into paddy growth, that is: fry travelling search of food in paddy field, excavate bed mud, thus improve soil nutrient ecological ragime, improve the interior quality of rice.
The popularization of " rice field fish culture " method, to improving the ecological environment, safeguards the continuous utilization of resource, promotes sustainable development and the raising of China's agricultural integral production level of agricultural, has the most valuable using value and rosy prospect widely.This technology utilizes biological method to solve the global problem of Rice Cropping process, thus provides reliable technical guarantee for green and Organic food rice production, produces pollution-free food and Organic food, is the inexorable trend of the future of agriculture development." rice field fish culture " method makes the earth back to nature, makes field not recontamination, if further genralrlization is in the world, the health for the whole mankind is made more remarkable contribution by it.
Owing to the rice interior quality of " rice field fish culture " method plantation is high, per kilogram 3.6 yuan is sitting in family and is just all sold out.This product market space is huge, especially improve constantly in people's living standard, consumption idea make rapid progress today, the market space is by the most swollen expansion of rising, Bright Prospect.
" rice field fish culture " method application example:
With application " rice field fish culture " method rice cultivation 30 mu in 2011 in Shuan Zhong village rice agriculture king, strict by rule of operation operation, all processes is as follows:
Carrying out the autumn after autumn rice harves in 2010 ploughs, ploughed depth 20cm.
On April 15th, 2011, rice seedling on upland field, used seedling bowl plate to educate strong seedling.
On May 22nd, 2011, water was raked the soil level, and reaches cun water and does not reveal mud, and at the end of raking the soil level, tractor is gone by ridge side, and fish gathering ditch is formed.
Before on May 22nd, 2011, water was raked the soil level, per hectare disposably applies Chemical Mixed Fertilizer 500kg.
May 23, repair ridge, reach high 40cm, top width 30cm, bottom width 50cm.
Rice transplanting on May 24, carries out bowl planting, and seeding row spacing is 40cm × 20cm, water filling 5cm after rice transplanting, uses subsoil water water conservation irrigation method.
May 26 to May 30 breeds fish fry and all terminates.
Put wild carp fry 700 tail, specification 2cm in a suitable place to breed, put 2.1 ten thousand tails altogether in a suitable place to breed for every mu；
Put pond crucian carp fry 200 tail, specification 2cm in a suitable place to breed, put 0.6 ten thousand tails altogether in a suitable place to breed for every mu；
Put Megalobrama amblycephala fry 300 tail, specification 2cm in a suitable place to breed, put 0.9 ten thousand tails altogether in a suitable place to breed for every mu；
Put Misgurni anguillicaudati fry 300 tail, specification 2cm in a suitable place to breed, put 0.9 ten thousand tails altogether in a suitable place to breed for every mu；
Fry carries out slow Seedling 10 minutes before putting in a suitable place to breed, and reaches hydrating agents with 3% saline solution and 2% little Su, carries out disinfection fish body 3-5 minute, the most slowly puts in rice field.
Started bait throwing on June 5 and feed fish, the next day at dusk the most once, particulate material, daily ration, feeding quantity eats up as standard with morning next day, dispensing preventing and curing of fish disease of bait every two weeks.Terminate to August 15 " rice field fish culture ", throw feedstuff 50kg, per hectare 25kg altogether.
October 15 achieved the effect of all " rice field fish culture " during whole Rice Cropping.Oryza sativa L. all gathers in the crops output per hectare 7500kg, common property Oryza sativa L. 15000kg, Song processing factory processing in November 10, rice milling yield 65%, 9750 kilograms of rice of processing altogether, all bought with the price of per kilogram 3.6 yuan by a correspondent, gross income 35,100 yuan, remove kind of a ground cost per hectare 6,000 yuan, 2 hectares 1.2 ten thousand yuan, net income 23100 yuan.
Compared with common rice.
1, volume increase 10%.
2, the most precocious 7 days.
3, ratio general rice oversold 1.6 yuan/kilogram, amounts to incomes more than general rice 15,600 yuan.
Claims (1)
1. a rice field fish culture method during Rice Cropping, it includes: field Chi Geng to reach high 40cm, bottom width 50cm, top width 30cm, fish gathering ditch is not required to individually excavate, at the end of water is raked the soil level, tractor is individually gone by balk without planker, and the autumn turns over or the spring ploughs
Degree of depth 20cm to be reached, cun water must be reached when water is raked the soil level and do not leak mud, timely backwater about 6cm is wanted in plot after water is raked the soil level, within 1-2 days before rice transplanting, to carry out water to rake the soil level, within 2-3 days before putting fish, carry out rice transplanting, fry delays Seedling 10 minutes when putting into rice field, fish body to carry out disinfection, it is a feature of the present invention that: it is by open country Cyprinus carpio 2cm, every mu of stocking rate 700 tail, pond crucian carp fish 2cm, every mu of stocking rate 200 tail, blunt-snout gurnards 2cm, every mu of stocking rate 300 tail, loach fish 2cm, every mu of stocking rate 300 tail, all puts in a suitable place to breed in rice field in 2-5 days after rice transplanting.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107455311A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-12-12 | 合肥万康渔业科技有限公司 | Circulate flowing water culture integrated system in farmland |
| CN110235720A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-17 | 会泽县水产工作站 | A kind of Species of Rare Fish from Qingdao rice field miniflow Ecology cultural method |
| CN113728964A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-03 | 福建省连江县青芝农业科技研究中心 | Deep water fishing and rice symbiotic culture system |
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2015
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107455311A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-12-12 | 合肥万康渔业科技有限公司 | Circulate flowing water culture integrated system in farmland |
| CN110235720A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-17 | 会泽县水产工作站 | A kind of Species of Rare Fish from Qingdao rice field miniflow Ecology cultural method |
| CN113728964A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-03 | 福建省连江县青芝农业科技研究中心 | Deep water fishing and rice symbiotic culture system |
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