CN112314490A - Efficient polyculture method for penaeus vannamei boone and loaches - Google Patents
Efficient polyculture method for penaeus vannamei boone and loaches Download PDFInfo
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- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 241000252185 Cobitidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000009344 polyculture Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000595940 Notostraca Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003109 Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001149925 Fenneropenaeus indicus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019301 disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009287 sand filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-efficiency mixed culture method of penaeus vannamei boone and loach, which comprises the following specific steps: firstly, desalting and breeding of penaeus vannamei boone: 1) selecting and treating a desalination culture pond; 2) putting the penaeus vannamei seedlings; 3) desalting culture water; 4) feeding baits; selecting and treating a polyculture pond; step three, mixed stocking of seedlings; and step four, cultivation management. The loach and the penaeus vannamei boone are polycultured, the mutual killing of the loach and the penaeus vannamei boone does not exist, and the loach can also eat the excrements of the penaeus vannamei boone to play a role in purifying water quality; the plankton cultured in the arrowhead planting pond can be used as food of prawns, so that the physique of the prawns is enhanced, the growth speed is increased, and the morbidity is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a high-efficiency polyculture method of penaeus vannamei boone and loach.
Background
The penaeus vannamei boone and the loach have the advantages of high protein content, low fat content, fresh and tender meat, delicious taste and the like, and are widely favored by people. In the prior art, due to unreasonable desalination culture modes, the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone is very easy to be low, and with the annual increase of the feed price, the culture cost of the penaeus vannamei boone and the feed increases gradually, so that the economic burden of farmers is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a high-efficiency mixed culture method of penaeus vannamei boone and loach.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency mixed culture method of penaeus vannamei boone and loach comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, desalting and breeding of penaeus vannamei boone:
1) selecting and treating a desalting culture pond: firstly, the area is selected to be 15-20m2Taking a cement pond with the depth of 1 m as a desalting culture pond, sterilizing the desalting culture pond, adjusting the salinity of pond water to 11-13 per thousand, controlling the temperature of the pond water to be 28-30 ℃, and controlling the illumination to be 2000-20000 Lee;
2) putting the penaeus vannamei seedlings: adjusting the water temperature of the seedling transport bag to be consistent with that of the desalination culture pond; then moving the seedlings into the desalination culture pond treated in the step 1), wherein the water depth of the desalination pond is required to be 45-50cm when the seedlings are put, and putting 6 thousands of larvae in each cubic water body;
3) desalting culture water: the time of desalination culture is 8 days, the original salinity is kept in the first day, then fresh water is added every day to make the salinity of the pond water dilute by 2 per thousand every day until the salinity of the pond water reaches 3 per thousand;
4) feeding baits: in the first stage of desalting process, two feeds of prawn slices and fairy shrimp are fed into the pond every day, wherein the prawn slices are washed by 60-350 mesh bolting silk and then fed, and the feeding amount is as follows: 3-5 times per day, 2.5-4.0 g/m each time3The fairy shrimp feeding amount is as follows: 2-4 times per day, and the feeding amount is 1.2-2.5 g/m3；
Step two, selecting and treating the polyculture pond:
selection area of 600-650m2The soil pond with the pond depth of 1.5 m is used as a mixed culture pond, a circle of fence is enclosed around the mixed culture pond, a ring-shaped land formed by the outside of the fence and the edge of the culture pond is used as a arrowhead planting pond, the middle part enclosed in the fence is used as a mixed culture pond for the Penaeus vannamei Boone and the loach, and the height of the fence is greater than that of the culture pond in which the fence is arrangedRemoving the sludge in the mixed culture pond; laying a plurality of drain pipes at the bottom of the mixed culture pond, wherein the pipe orifices of the drain pipes are provided with filter screens for preventing prawns and loaches from escaping; introducing water into the culture pond, throwing quicklime into the water, and soaking and disinfecting the culture pond; adjusting the salinity of the water body to 2 per mill, and the temperature of the pool water to 20-35 ℃;
step three, mixed stocking of seedlings:
synchronously putting loach fries and penaeus vannamei boone fries in the desalting culture pond into the mixed culture pond, wherein the specification of the penaeus vannamei boone fries is 0.6-1 cm; the loach seedlings are overwintering seedlings, and the specification is 150 plus 300 tails/jin; the input amount is respectively as follows: 2.5-3.5 thousand pieces of south America white prawn seedlings per mu and 4-6 thousand pieces of loach seedlings per mu;
step four, cultivation management:
feeding loach special feed four times a day, and feeding 5-7 am and 10-12 am of Penaeus vannamei Boone with the feed accounting for 30-40% of the total amount of the feed in the whole day without independently feeding the feed; feeding at 2-3 pm and 5-7 pm in an amount of 60-70% of the total amount of the feed in the whole day; stopping feeding in rainy days and loaches with diseases; applying a mixed fertilizer containing straw, chicken manure and cow manure to the arrowhead at the ratio of 180 kg/mu every 15-25 days, and putting plankton seeds into the arrowhead planting pond after 3-5 days to culture plankton.
Further, in the step one, the desalination culture pond is disinfected and then is filtered by sand, then the water filtered by 1-5 mu of filter bags is added into the desalination culture pond, and then the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and the chitin are sequentially added into the water and are slightly aerated.
Further, in the first step, before the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings are moved into the desalting culture pond, the larvae in the transport bag are moved into a 200-mesh bolting silk hand-net, soaked in 180 ml/cubic meter formalin solution for 50 seconds, taken out and washed by clean water.
Furthermore, the area ratio of the arrowhead planting pond to the mixed culture pond is 1: 2-4.
Further, in the fourth step, the preparation method of the mixed fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps: crushing straw, and uniformly mixing the crushed straw, chicken manure and cow manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a mixed fertilizer; and (4) throwing yeast in the arrowhead planting pond according to 100-200 g/mu after applying the mixed fertilizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the loach and the penaeus vannamei boone are polycultured, the mutual killing of the loach and the penaeus vannamei boone does not exist, and the loach can also eat the excrements of the penaeus vannamei boone to play a role in purifying water quality; the plankton cultured in the arrowhead planting pond can be used as food of prawns, so that the physique of the prawns is enhanced, the growth speed is increased, and the morbidity is reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example one
A high-efficiency mixed culture method of penaeus vannamei boone and loach comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, desalting and breeding of penaeus vannamei boone:
1) selecting and treating a desalting culture pond: first, an area of 15m is selected2Taking a cement pond with the depth of 1 m as a desalting culture pond, sterilizing the desalting culture pond, adjusting the salinity of pond water to 11 per thousand, controlling the temperature of the pond water to be 28 ℃, and controlling the illumination to be 2000 lux;
2) putting the penaeus vannamei seedlings: adjusting the water temperature of the seedling transport bag to be consistent with that of the desalination culture pond; then moving the seedlings into the desalination culture pond treated in the step 1), wherein the water depth of the desalination pond is required to be 45cm when the seedlings are put, and putting 6 thousands of larvae according to the standard of putting 6 thousands of larvae in each cubic water body;
3) desalting culture water: the time of desalination culture is 8 days, the original salinity is kept in the first day, then fresh water is added every day to make the salinity of the pond water dilute by 2 per thousand every day until the salinity of the pond water reaches 3 per thousand;
4) feeding baits: in the first stage of desalting process, two feeds of prawn slices and fairy shrimp are fed into the pond every day, wherein the prawn slices are washed by a 60-mesh bolting silk and then fed, and the feeding amount is as follows: 3 times per day, 2.5 g/m each time3The fairy shrimp feeding amount is as follows: 2 times per day, the feeding amount is 1.2 g/m3；
Step two, selecting and treating the polyculture pond:
the selected area is 600m2The depth of the pond is 1.5 mThe soil property pond is used as a mixed culture pond, the periphery in the mixed culture pond is surrounded into a circle by using fences, an annular land formed by the outside of the fence and the edge of the culture pond is used as a arrowhead planting pond, the middle part surrounded in the fence is used as a mixed culture pond for the Penaeus vannamei Boone and the loach, the height of the fence is more than the depth of the culture pond in which the fence is positioned, and sludge in the mixed culture pond is removed; laying a plurality of drain pipes at the bottom of the mixed culture pond, wherein the pipe orifices of the drain pipes are provided with filter screens for preventing prawns and loaches from escaping; introducing water into the culture pond, throwing quicklime into the water, and soaking and disinfecting the culture pond; adjusting the salinity of the water body to 2 per thousand and the temperature of the pool water to 20 ℃;
step three, mixed stocking of seedlings:
synchronously putting loach fries and penaeus vannamei fries in the desalting culture pond into the mixed culture pond, wherein the specification of the penaeus vannamei fries is 0.6 cm; loach fries are overwintering fries, and the specification is 150 fries/jin; the input amount is respectively as follows: 2.5 million pieces of south America white prawn seedlings per mu, and 4 million pieces of loach seedlings per mu;
step four, cultivation management:
feeding loach special feed four times a day, and feeding the feed for the penaeus vannamei no longer independently at 5 am and 10 am, wherein the feeding is 30% of the total amount of the loach all day; feeding at 2 pm and 5 pm to 60% of total amount of the feed in the whole day; stopping feeding in rainy days and loaches with diseases; applying a mixed fertilizer containing straw, chicken manure and cow manure to the arrowhead every 15 days at a rate of 180 kg/mu, and putting plankton seeds into the arrowhead planting pond after 3 days to culture plankton.
Further, in the step one, the desalination culture pond is disinfected and then filtered by sand, then the water filtered by a 1 mu filter bag is added into the desalination culture pond, and then disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and chitin are sequentially added into the water and are slightly aerated.
Further, in the first step, before the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings are moved into the desalting culture pond, the larvae in the transport bag are moved into a 200-mesh bolting silk hand-net, soaked in 180 ml/cubic meter formalin solution for 50 seconds, taken out and washed by clean water.
Furthermore, the area ratio of the arrowhead planting pond to the mixed culture pond is 1: 2.
Further, in the fourth step, the preparation method of the mixed fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps: crushing straw, and uniformly mixing the crushed straw, chicken manure and cow manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a mixed fertilizer; and (4) throwing yeast in the arrowhead planting pond according to 100 g/mu after applying the mixed fertilizer.
Example two
A high-efficiency mixed culture method of penaeus vannamei boone and loach comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, desalting and breeding of penaeus vannamei boone:
1) selecting and treating a desalting culture pond: first, an area of 20m was selected2Taking a cement pond with the depth of 1 m as a desalting culture pond, sterilizing the desalting culture pond, adjusting the salinity of pond water to 13 per thousand, controlling the temperature of the pond water to be 30 ℃, and controlling the illumination to be 20000 luxes;
2) putting the penaeus vannamei seedlings: adjusting the water temperature of the seedling transport bag to be consistent with that of the desalination culture pond; then moving the seedlings into the desalination culture pond treated in the step 1), wherein the water depth of the desalination pond is required to be 50cm when the seedlings are put, and putting 6 thousands of larvae according to the standard of putting 6 thousands of larvae in each cubic water body;
3) desalting culture water: the time of desalination culture is 8 days, the original salinity is kept in the first day, then fresh water is added every day to make the salinity of the pond water dilute by 2 per thousand every day until the salinity of the pond water reaches 3 per thousand;
4) feeding baits: in the first stage of desalting process, two feeds of prawn slices and fairy shrimp are fed into the pond every day, wherein the prawn slices are washed by 350-mesh bolting silk and then fed, and the feeding amount is as follows: 5 times per day, 4.0 g/m each time3The fairy shrimp feeding amount is as follows: 4 times per day, the feeding amount is 2.5 g/m3；
Step two, selecting and treating the polyculture pond:
the selected area is 650m2The soil pond with the pond depth of 1.5 m is used as a mixed culture pond, a circle of fence is enclosed around the mixed culture pond, a ring-shaped land formed by the outside of the fence and the edge of the culture pond is used as a arrowhead planting pond, the middle part enclosed in the fence is used as a mixed culture pond for the Penaeus vannamei Boone and the loach, the height of the fence is greater than the depth of the culture pond in which the fence is arranged, and the mixed culture pond is removedThe sludge of (a); laying a plurality of drain pipes at the bottom of the mixed culture pond, wherein the pipe orifices of the drain pipes are provided with filter screens for preventing prawns and loaches from escaping; introducing water into the culture pond, throwing quicklime into the water, and soaking and disinfecting the culture pond; adjusting the salinity of the water body to 2 per thousand and the temperature of the pool water to 35 ℃;
step three, mixed stocking of seedlings:
synchronously putting loach fries and penaeus vannamei fries in the desalting culture pond into a mixed culture pond, wherein the specification of the penaeus vannamei fries is 1 cm; the loach fries are overwintering fries, and the specification is 300 fries/jin; the input amount is respectively as follows: 3.5 million pieces of south America white prawn seedlings per mu, and 6 million pieces of loach seedlings per mu;
step four, cultivation management:
feeding loach special feed four times a day, and feeding the feed for the penaeus vannamei no longer independently at 7 am and 12 am, wherein the feeding is 40% of the total amount of the loach all day; feeding at 3 pm and 7 pm for 70% of the total amount of the feed in the whole day; stopping feeding in rainy days and loaches with diseases; applying a mixed fertilizer containing straw, chicken manure and cow manure to the arrowhead every 25 days at a rate of 220 kg/mu, and putting plankton seeds into the arrowhead planting pond after 5 days to culture plankton.
Further, in the step one, the desalination culture pond is disinfected and then filtered by sand, then the water filtered by a 5 mu filter bag is added into the desalination culture pond, and then disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and chitin are sequentially added into the water and are slightly aerated.
Further, in the first step, before the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings are moved into the desalting culture pond, the larvae in the transport bag are moved into a 200-mesh bolting silk hand-net, soaked in 180 ml/cubic meter formalin solution for 50 seconds, taken out and washed by clean water.
Furthermore, the area ratio of the arrowhead planting pond to the mixed culture pond is 1: 4.
Further, in the fourth step, the preparation method of the mixed fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps: crushing straw, and uniformly mixing the crushed straw, chicken manure and cow manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a mixed fertilizer; and (4) throwing yeast in 200 g/mu of arrowhead planting pond after applying the mixed fertilizer.
EXAMPLE III
A high-efficiency mixed culture method of penaeus vannamei boone and loach comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, desalting and breeding of penaeus vannamei boone:
1) selecting and treating a desalting culture pond: firstly, an area of 17m is selected2Taking a cement pond with the depth of 1 m as a desalting culture pond, sterilizing the desalting culture pond, adjusting the salinity of pond water to 12 per thousand, controlling the temperature of the pond water to be 29 ℃, and controlling the illumination to be 10000 luxes;
2) putting the penaeus vannamei seedlings: adjusting the water temperature of the seedling transport bag to be consistent with that of the desalination culture pond; then moving the seedlings into the desalination culture pond treated in the step 1), wherein the water depth of the desalination pond is required to be 48cm when the seedlings are put, and putting 6 thousands of larvae according to the standard of putting 6 thousands of larvae in each cubic water body;
3) desalting culture water: the time of desalination culture is 8 days, the original salinity is kept in the first day, then fresh water is added every day to make the salinity of the pond water dilute by 2 per thousand every day until the salinity of the pond water reaches 3 per thousand;
4) feeding baits: in the first stage of desalting process, two feeds of prawn slices and fairy shrimp are fed into the pond every day, wherein the prawn slices are washed by a 150-mesh bolting silk and then fed, and the feeding amount is as follows: 4 times per day, 3.0 g/m each time3The fairy shrimp feeding amount is as follows: 3 times per day, the feeding amount is 2 g/m3；
Step two, selecting and treating the polyculture pond:
the selected area is 620m2The soil pond with the pond depth of 1.5 m is used as a mixed culture pond, a circle of fence is enclosed around the mixed culture pond, a ring-shaped area formed by the outside of the fence and the edge of the culture pond is used as a arrowhead planting pond, the middle part enclosed in the fence is used as a mixed culture pond for the Penaeus vannamei Boone and the loach, the height of the fence is greater than the depth of the culture pond in which the fence is arranged, and the sludge in the mixed culture pond is removed; laying a plurality of drain pipes at the bottom of the mixed culture pond, wherein the pipe orifices of the drain pipes are provided with filter screens for preventing prawns and loaches from escaping; introducing water into the culture pond, throwing quicklime into the water, and soaking and disinfecting the culture pond; adjusting the salinity of the water body to 2 per thousand and the temperature of the pool water to 25 ℃;
step three, mixed stocking of seedlings:
synchronously putting loach fries and penaeus vannamei fries in the desalting culture pond into the mixed culture pond, wherein the specification of the penaeus vannamei fries is 0.8 cm; loach fries are overwintering fries, and the specification is 200 fries/jin; the input amount is respectively as follows: 2.8 million pieces of south America white prawn seedlings per mu, and 5 million pieces of loach seedlings per mu;
step four, cultivation management:
feeding loach special feed four times a day, and feeding 35% of the total amount of the loaches in the whole day at 6 am and 11 am without independently feeding the feed for the penaeus vannamei boone; in the afternoon 2: 30. feeding at 6 points, wherein the feeding amount is 65% of the total amount of the feed in the whole day; stopping feeding in rainy days and loaches with diseases; applying mixed fertilizer containing straw, chicken manure and cow manure to the arrowhead every 20 days at a rate of 190 kg/mu, and putting plankton seeds into the arrowhead planting pond after 4 days to culture plankton.
Further, in the step one, the desalination culture pond is disinfected and then filtered by sand, and then the water filtered by a 4 mu filter bag is added into the desalination culture pond, and then disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and chitin are sequentially added into the water and are slightly aerated.
Further, in the first step, before the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings are moved into the desalting culture pond, the larvae in the transport bag are moved into a 200-mesh bolting silk hand-net, soaked in 180 ml/cubic meter formalin solution for 50 seconds, taken out and washed by clean water.
Furthermore, the area ratio of the arrowhead planting pond to the mixed culture pond is 1: 3.
Further, in the fourth step, the preparation method of the mixed fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps: crushing straw, and uniformly mixing the crushed straw, chicken manure and cow manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a mixed fertilizer; after the mixed fertilizer is applied, the yeast is thrown at 150 g/mu in the arrowhead planting pond.
The loach and the penaeus vannamei boone are polycultured, the mutual killing of the loach and the penaeus vannamei boone does not exist, and the loach can also eat the excrements of the penaeus vannamei boone to play a role in purifying water quality; the plankton cultured in the arrowhead planting pond can be used as food of prawns, so that the physique of the prawns is enhanced, the growth speed is increased, and the morbidity is reduced.
The present invention has been described in connection with the specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned manner, and it is within the protection scope of the present invention as long as various modifications are made by using the method concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the present invention is directly applied to other occasions without modification.
Claims (5)
1. A high-efficiency polyculture method of penaeus vannamei boone and loach is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
firstly, desalting and breeding of penaeus vannamei boone:
1) selecting and treating a desalting culture pond: firstly, the area is selected to be 15-20m2Taking a cement pond with the depth of 1 m as a desalting culture pond, sterilizing the desalting culture pond, adjusting the salinity of pond water to 11-13 per thousand, controlling the temperature of the pond water to be 28-30 ℃, and controlling the illumination to be 2000-20000 Lee;
2) putting the penaeus vannamei seedlings: adjusting the water temperature of the seedling transport bag to be consistent with that of the desalination culture pond; then moving the seedlings into the desalination culture pond treated in the step 1), wherein the water depth of the desalination pond is required to be 45-50cm when the seedlings are put, and putting 6 thousands of larvae in each cubic water body;
3) desalting culture water: the time of desalination culture is 8 days, the original salinity is kept in the first day, then fresh water is added every day to make the salinity of the pond water dilute by 2 per thousand every day until the salinity of the pond water reaches 3 per thousand;
4) feeding baits: in the first stage of desalting process, two feeds of prawn slices and fairy shrimp are fed into the pond every day, wherein the prawn slices are washed by 60-350 mesh bolting silk and then fed, and the feeding amount is as follows: 3-5 times per day, 2.5-4.0 g/m each time3The fairy shrimp feeding amount is as follows: 2-4 times per day, and the feeding amount is 1.2-2.5 g/m3；
Step two, selecting and treating the polyculture pond:
selection area of 600-650m2The soil pond with the pond depth of 1.5 m is used as a mixed culture pond, the periphery in the mixed culture pond is enclosed into a circle by using fences, a ring-shaped land formed outside the fences and the edge of the culture pond is used as a arrowhead planting pond, and the middle part enclosed in the fencesThe device is divided into a mixed culture pond for the Penaeus vannamei Boone and the loaches, the height of the fence is larger than the depth of the culture pond in which the fence is arranged, and sludge in the mixed culture pond is removed; laying a plurality of drain pipes at the bottom of the mixed culture pond, wherein the pipe orifices of the drain pipes are provided with filter screens for preventing prawns and loaches from escaping; introducing water into the culture pond, throwing quicklime into the water, and soaking and disinfecting the culture pond; adjusting the salinity of the water body to 2 per mill, and the temperature of the pool water to 20-35 ℃;
step three, mixed stocking of seedlings:
synchronously putting loach fries and penaeus vannamei boone fries in the desalting culture pond into the mixed culture pond, wherein the specification of the penaeus vannamei boone fries is 0.6-1 cm; the loach seedlings are overwintering seedlings, and the specification is 150 plus 300 tails/jin; the input amount is respectively as follows: 2.5-3.5 thousand pieces of south America white prawn seedlings per mu and 4-6 thousand pieces of loach seedlings per mu;
step four, cultivation management:
feeding loach special feed four times a day, and feeding 5-7 am and 10-12 am of Penaeus vannamei Boone with the feed accounting for 30-40% of the total amount of the feed in the whole day without independently feeding the feed; feeding at 2-3 pm and 5-7 pm in an amount of 60-70% of the total amount of the feed in the whole day; stopping feeding in rainy days and loaches with diseases; applying a mixed fertilizer containing straw, chicken manure and cow manure to the arrowhead at the ratio of 180 kg/mu every 15-25 days, and putting plankton seeds into the arrowhead planting pond after 3-5 days to culture plankton.
2. The efficient mixed culture method of the penaeus vannamei boone and the loaches as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, the desalination culture pond is disinfected, sand filtration is performed, then water filtered by a 1-5 mu filter bag is added into the desalination culture pond, and then disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and chitin are sequentially added into the water, and weak aeration is performed.
3. The method for efficient polyculture of penaeus vannamei and loaches according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, before the penaeus vannamei seedlings are moved into the desalting culture pond, the larvae in the transport bag are moved into a 200-mesh bolting silk hand-net, soaked in 180 ml/cubic meter formalin solution for 50 seconds, taken out and washed with clean water.
4. The efficient mixed culture method of the penaeus vannamei boone and the loaches according to claim 1, wherein the area ratio of the arrowhead planting pond to the mixed culture pond is 1: 2-4.
5. The efficient mixed culture method of the penaeus vannamei boone and the loaches according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fourth step, the preparation method of the mixed fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps: crushing straw, and uniformly mixing the crushed straw, chicken manure and cow manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a mixed fertilizer; and (4) throwing yeast in the arrowhead planting pond according to 100-200 g/mu after applying the mixed fertilizer.
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