CN103891452B - Fiveleaf akebia fruit planting and germinating method - Google Patents
Fiveleaf akebia fruit planting and germinating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plant seed germinating method, and concretely relates to a fiveleaf akebia fruit planting and germinating method. The method comprises the following steps: choosing mature seeds of fiveleaf akebia fruit, and placing the mature seeds on a solid culturing matrix; controlling the ambient temperature in a range of 20-30DEG C, carrying out periodic illumination under an illumination intensity of 2000-3000lx for 8-14h/d, and culturing for 15-35d until white buds are exposed and radicles can be seen to obtain fiveleaf akebia fruit seedlings; and placing the fiveleaf akebia fruit seedlings on a solid culturing medium with the water content of 23-42%, controlling the ambient temperature in a range of 20-30DEG C, and carrying out periodic illumination in order to make the seedlings continuously grow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of plant seed, specifically, relate to the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU.
Background technology
YANGKAIKOU has another name called Xiao tomonea, quick-fried tooth youth etc., and be the dry root of Melastomateae plants exhibition hair tomonea (Melastoma normale D.Don), its root is used as medicine, slightly warm in nature, and taste is sweet, sour, puckery; Have stopping diarrhea with astringents, astringing to arrest bleeding, easypro liver of regulating the flow of vital energy, promoting diuresis for stranguria, relieve internal heat the effect such as anticancer, is conventional Chinese medicine among the people.The disease such as to fester for indigestion, enteritis, diarrhea, dysentery, menorrhalgia, leukorrhea, metrorrhagia, postpartum abdominal pain, infirmities and diseases, toothache, traumatic injury, sore.It is mainly distributed in the ground such as Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan, Fujian, Hainan, Tibet of China.The bulk drug of YANGKAIKOU is all by purchase natural crude drugs, but its wild resource distribution is scattered, day by day poor, and the artificial planting carrying out YANGKAIKOU is the effective measures of protection YANGKAIKOU germ plasm resource.At present, the aspects such as pharmacognosy, chemical composition, pharmacology are mainly concentrated on to the research of YANGKAIKOU, and YANGKAIKOU Germination Characteristics be have not been reported.
The implantation methods of YANGKAIKOU seed of the present invention is studied, and by the control of many-sided condition, thus proposes a kind of YANGKAIKOU seed method for planting, thus provides new approach for YANGKAIKOU seminal propagation and introduction and acclimatization.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is a kind of plantation rudiment method proposing YANGKAIKOU.
In order to realize object of the present invention, the technical scheme of employing is:
The present invention relates to a kind of plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU, comprise the following steps:
(1) select the mature seed of YANGKAIKOU, being placed in water content is on 23 ~ 45% solid culture matrix;
(2) temperature that controls environment is 20 ~ 30 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, cultivates 15 ~ 35 days, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally with seed, radicle exposes for sprouting standard, obtain YANGKAIKOU seedling;
(3) YANGKAIKOU seedling being placed in water content is on the solid culture medium of 23 ~ 42%, and the temperature that controls environment is 20 ~ 30 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, makes its continued growth.
First optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: ripe seed is the seed in YANGKAIKOU fruit season crack, pericarp green grass or young crops in reddish fruit.
Second optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: the water content of described YANGKAIKOU seed is 6 ~ 7%, is preferably 6.57%.
3rd optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: the described YANGKAIKOU seed storage time is less than 1 year, is preferably less than 9 months, more preferably namely adopts and namely broadcasts.
4th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in step (1) and step (3), and it is the garden mould of 3:1 and the mixture of pig manure that described solid culture matrix is selected from perlite, seedling medium, garden mould, sand or volume ratio; Preferred garden mould in step (1), in step (3) preferred seedling medium or garden mould.
5th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: described solid culture matrix was the solid culture matrix after 20 order dusting covers.
6th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in step (1), and the water content of described solid culture matrix is 28 ~ 36%, preferably 33 ~ 35%; In step (3), the water content of described solid culture matrix is 23% ~ 33%, preferably 28% ~ 32%.
7th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in step (2) and step (3), described environmental temperature is 25 ~ 30 DEG C, and preferably 30 DEG C.
8th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in step (2), the intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination be 2500 ~ 3000lx, 10 ~ 14 hours/day; Preferred 3000lx, 12 hours/day; In step (3), the intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination be 2500 ~ 3000lx, 10 ~ 14 hours/day; Preferred 3000lx, 12 hours/day.
9th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: the season of the plantation of described YANGKAIKOU seed is spring.
Wherein, the garden mould in the present invention is also known as vegetable garden soil, rural area soil, and be common cultivating soil, because of farming of often applying fertilizer, fertility is higher, and granular structure is good, is one of primary raw material of preparation compost.
The solid culture matrix adopted in the present invention is perlite, seedling medium, garden mould or sand;
Wherein, perlite: PH=6 is 100% pure inorganic cultivation matrix;
Seedling medium: PH=6, content of organic matter 70wt%, N, P, K >=4% are the general spring board seedling medium that Nanning Pu Tianrun biological organic fertilizer Co., Ltd produces, operative norm DB37/T1142-2008;
Sand: PH=5.8 main component is silica, organic and N, P, K are 0;
Garden mould: PH=5.8, organic 2.70wt%, full nitrogen 0.17wt%, full phosphorus 0.12wt%, full potassium 0.58wt%;
Garden mould+pig manure: PH=5.8, nitrogen 0.15wt%, phosphorus 0.13wt%, potassium 0.55wt%.
YANGKAIKOU seed under the condition of constant temperature 30 DEG C germination rate and germination vigor best, germination rate refers to test the percentage that seed sprouting number accounts for test seed sum.Germination vigor refers to speed of germination and the regularity of testing seed, and its expression way calculates seed percentage to chitting piece number point test seed sum in peak period of germinateing from germinateing.YANGKAIKOU seed is higher than dark condition germination rate in periodicity illumination (intensity of illumination is 3000lx, 12h/d), in moisture 33% garden mould, germination rate is the highest, earthing germination rate is not apparently higher than the germination rate of earthing, and YANGKAIKOU seed does not have resting stage, namely can adopt and namely broadcast.Because YANGKAIKOU seed is tiny, after sprouting seedling planting process in, also adopt the implantation methods of not earthing, the growth of guarantee seedling.
Below technical scheme of the present invention is made further explanation.
Seed prolongs storage official specific to spermatophyte, and high quality seed improves the necessary condition of output, and the primary condition of high quality seed is exactly have higher vitality, can sprout rapidly under the state of field, the high and seedling of stalwartness of formation regularity.Seed germination needs sufficient moisture, suitable temperature, sufficient oxygen and suitable illumination, but because of the difference of habitat and kind, the Main Factors affecting seed germination is variant again.Seed germination (seed germination) is that the embryo of seed becomes physiology active state from relative static conditions, and grows up to the process of the seedling of battalion's autotrophy life.The sprouting of the present invention to YANGKAIKOU seed is studied, YANGKAIKOU is a kind of wild traditional Chinese medicine, there is very strong medical value, and also do not have the report about YANGKAIKOU artificial culture at present, and YANGKAIKOU seed is tiny, natural conditions are difficult to sprout, and thus the sprouting condition of the present invention to YANGKAIKOU has done systematic research.
This result of the test shows: YANGKAIKOU seed germination does not have resting stage, can sow after gathering, and its optimal harvest time is 5 ~ July.The temperature be applicable to, illumination, moisture, seeding method and sowing time are the key factors affecting YANGKAIKOU germination rate.
(1) YANGKAIKOU seed is under 25 ~ 30 DEG C, periodically illumination condition, other temperature slightly higher during constant temperature 30 DEG C, and percentage of seedgermination and germination index are all higher and without significant difference.Periodically under illumination 30 DEG C of constant temperatures, the germination rate of seed is best.When higher than 35 DEG C or be all unfavorable for seed germination lower than when 15 DEG C.
(2) different substrates has different physics and chemical property, and it also has different difference in permeable, permeability and water retention property, therefore, can produce different impacts to seed germination.The sprouting impact of sowing media on YANGKAIKOU seed is comparatively remarkable, the most applicable YANGKAIKOU seed germination of garden mould, and in garden mould, YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination is high, and germinate neat, the germination rate of seed and germination vigor are significantly higher than other matrix.
(3) still higher to the moisture requirement in soil during YANGKAIKOU seed germination.In certain moisture, Seed imbibition is fast, germinates also fast.In the garden mould of moisture 23 ~ 45%, the first grain seed germinating time of YANGKAIKOU shortens gradually with the rising of moisture, and moisture is higher, and seed germination required time is longer, and germination rate also raises along with moisture and lowers gradually.
(4) generally speaking, surface is comparatively dry, and humidity increases with the increase of the degree of depth, if sowing too shallow, seed cannot be able to be sprouted because of topsoil drought and water shortage, even if or sprout, seedling also Yin Zhagen difficulty and can not survive; If sowing is too dark, because the excessive oxygen of soil moisture is not enough, causes sprouting more difficult, postpone and being unearthed, and emergence rate is low.YANGKAIKOU seed is more tiny, and YANGKAIKOU sowing does not need earthing, and along with the intensification of sowing depth, emergence rate also obviously reduces.
(5) at storage time in the experiment of the impact of YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination, the germination rate namely adopting the YANGKAIKOU seed namely broadcast is the highest, and the germination rate of YANGKAIKOU seed also reduces gradually along with the increase of storage time.
(6) stage of spermatophyte Germination And Seedling is the stage of most fragile in spermatophyte life each stage, and temperature, moisture are on Seedling Stage impact greatly.Constant temperature 25 DEG C of YANGKAIKOU growth of seedling are best, are applicable to YANGKAIKOU growth of seedling at moisture 23% ~ 33% garden mould, and moisture 28% garden mould growing way is best.
(7) nutrient of seedling growth needs, the nutrient that different seedling growth needs is different.Seedling medium and garden mould are all applicable to YANGKAIKOU growth of seedling, but more economical from garden mould viewed from economic worth.
(8) spring is all things on earth recovery, energetic season, and for the crucial time nursery stock being a growth fast, YANGKAIKOU is no exception, identical number of days, spring seeding and seedling raising YANGKAIKOU seedling growth far above the YANGKAIKOU seedling brought out other seasons.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: temperature is to the influence curve of percentage of seedgermination;
Fig. 2: temperature is to the influence curve of potentiality of seed;
Fig. 3: illumination is to the influence curve of seed sprouting;
Fig. 4: different Germination textures is to the influence curve of YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination and germination vigor;
Fig. 5: moisture is to the influence curve of YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination;
Fig. 6: different germination earthing is to the influence curve of YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination;
Fig. 7: storage time is to the influence curve of YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is only limitted to explain further and the present invention is described, does not limit Composition of contents of the present invention.
Embodiment
The implantation methods of embodiment 1 YANGKAIKOU seed
(1) select the mature seed of YANGKAIKOU, being placed in water content is on 35% solid culture matrix; Ripe seed is the seed in YANGKAIKOU fruit season crack, pericarp green grass or young crops in reddish fruit, and the water content of YANGKAIKOU seed is 6.57%; Namely described YANGKAIKOU seed is adopted and is namely broadcast, and sowing season is spring; Described solid culture matrix was the garden mould after 20 order dusting covers;
(2) temperature that controls environment is 30 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, cultivates 15 ~ 35 days, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally with seed, radicle exposes for sprouting standard, obtain YANGKAIKOU seedling; The intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination be 3000lx, 12 hours/day;
(3) YANGKAIKOU seedling being placed in water content is on the seedling medium of 32%, and the temperature that controls environment is 30 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, makes its continued growth; The intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination be 3000lx, 12 hours/day.
Growth of seedling is all right, and nursery grows to 13.10cm high after cultivating 120 days, has 6 pairs of true leaves.
The implantation methods of embodiment 2 YANGKAIKOU seed
(1) select the mature seed of YANGKAIKOU, being placed in water content is on 28% solid culture matrix; Ripe seed is the seed in YANGKAIKOU fruit season crack, pericarp green grass or young crops in reddish fruit, and the water content of YANGKAIKOU seed is 6.57%; Namely described YANGKAIKOU seed is adopted and is namely broadcast, and sowing season is spring; Described solid culture matrix was the garden mould after 20 order dusting covers;
(2) temperature that controls environment is 28 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, cultivates 15 ~ 35 days, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally with seed, radicle exposes for sprouting standard, obtain YANGKAIKOU seedling; The intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination be 3000lx, 12 hours/day;
(3) YANGKAIKOU seedling being placed in water content is on the garden mould of 30%, and the temperature that controls environment is 28 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, makes its continued growth.The intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination be 3000lx, 12 hours/day.
Growth of seedling is all right, and nursery grows to 13.52cm high after cultivating 120 days, has 7 pairs of true leaves.
The implantation methods of embodiment 3 YANGKAIKOU seed
(1) select the mature seed of YANGKAIKOU, being placed in water content is on 25% solid culture matrix; Ripe seed is the seed in YANGKAIKOU fruit season crack, pericarp green grass or young crops in reddish fruit, and the water content of YANGKAIKOU seed is 6.57%; 9 months described YANGKAIKOU seed storage time, sowing season is spring; Described solid culture matrix was the garden mould after 20 order dusting covers;
(2) temperature that controls environment is 25 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, cultivates 15 ~ 35 days, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally with seed, radicle exposes for sprouting standard, obtain YANGKAIKOU seedling; The intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination be 3000lx, 12 hours/day;
(3) YANGKAIKOU seedling being placed in water content is on the garden mould of 25%, and the temperature that controls environment is 28 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, makes its continued growth.The intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination be 3000lx, 12 hours/day.
Growth of seedling is all right, and nursery grows to 13.31cm high after cultivating 120 days, has 6 pairs of true leaves.
Experimental example 1
1. material
Test YANGKAIKOU seed used picks up from the border in Yan Shan suburb, hazard prevention, the Wild plant on hillside mature seed (with fruit season crack for degree) in July, 2011, be accredited as the seed of the exhibition hair tomonea (YANGKAIKOU) of Melastomataceae through Guangxi Plant Inst.'s systematicalian.When gathering, its fruit is dried in the shade naturally, take out seed seal packed seal up for safekeeping for subsequent use.Test and carry out in LRH-250-G illumination box (Guangdong Medical Apparatus and Instruments Factory's production) 1 ~ February in 2012.
2. the observation of fruit and seed morphology index and mensuration
Observe and record color and the form of fruit and seed.Random taking-up 20 fruits and Some seeds, measure the fruit size of mature and plump, length, width and thickness with slide measure; Electronic balance with 0.0001 is weighed (g) respectively to every part of sample, repeats 3 times.
One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) made by data MicrosoftExcel2003, SPSS18.0 software, carries out Multiple range test by Duncan method, heterogeneity of variance, adopts Tamhane ' s T2 to compare; Be figure with Excel2003, apply the reasonability of positive and negative standard deviation check data.
The YANGKAIKOU fruit phase is in 5 months, the last ten-days period ~ in 7 months, the last ten-days period, fruit is that capsule urceolus is spherical, and hairiness, top is truncate.Time ripe in pericarp green grass or young crops redly, season crack, inside have 5 lobe pulp, containing juice, seed is attached on pulp.Many aubergines darkly of mature sarcocarp or have faint yellow.Long 1.10 ~ the 1.60cm of the fruit dried in the shade, mean value is (1.33 ± 0.18) cm; Diameter 0.95 ~ 1.40cm, mean value is (1.10 ± 0.15) cm; Long 1.1 ~ the 1.7c of carpopodium, mean value is (1.42 ± 0.23) cm; Thick 0.18 ~ the 0.28cm of carpopodium, mean value is (0.23 ± 0.03) cm; Fruit annesl but when not splitting single fruit weight 0.43 ~ 1.17g mean value be (0.77 ± 0.20) cm.Single fruit weight 1.52 ~ 5.18g after splitting, mean value is (2.26 ± 1.07) g, the long 1.35 ~ 2.1cm of fruit, and mean value is (1.65 ± 0.27) cm; Diameter 1.60 ~ 2.60cm, mean value is (1.98 ± 0.41) cm; Have 430 ~ 1600 seeds in each fruit, mean value is (1196 ± 360.28) grain.
The nearly palm fibre white of YANGKAIKOU seed, thousand kernel weight is (0.060 ± 0.001) g.
Experimental example 2: the mensuration of seed moisture content
Seed in Example 1 carries out moisture determination:
1. method
The measuring cup cleaned is placed in the insulating box of 105 DEG C to dry after 4h and takes out with crucible, and be placed in after the drier that activated silica gel is housed is cooled to room temperature (28 ~ 38 DEG C), analytical balance is weighed (W).Seed to be measured is loaded in the measuring cup of known weight and add a cover, analytical balance accurately takes its weight, obtains the gross weight (W of bottle and fresh weight
1), open bottle cap, the thermostatic drying chamber being placed in (105 ± 2) DEG C dries 17h, puts into the drier that activated silica gel is housed be cooled to room temperature with crucible after taking out, and weigh to obtain the gross weight (W of bottle and dry-eye disease
2).Seed moisture content calculates based on dry weight:
Seed moisture content=(W
1-W)/(W
2-W) × 100%.
2. data analysis processing method is with embodiment 1, and the water content measuring the seed obtained is 6.57%.
Experimental example 3 Seeds Germination Tests
The seed that random selecting physically well develops, form is complete puts into culture dish, often organizes 100 seeds, repeats 3 times, judge that the standard of seed germination is: seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, be then considered as sprouting, carry out every day observing and recording germination seed number.With germination rate and germination vigor for index, calculate germination vigor when chitting piece number peaks, continuous 10d germination in the latter stage grain number that germinates average not enough for plant experimentally son sum 1.00% time calculate final germination rate.Germination rate and germination vigor computing formula as follows
Germination rate (%)=normal total grain number × 100% of chitting piece grain number/seed of participating in the experiment
Normal chitting piece grain number/seed of participating in the experiment total grain number × 100% during germination vigor (%)=normal arrival peak
1.1 temperature
Setup Experiments is constant temperature and alternating temperature 2 kinds, totally 9 process, each process repetition 3 times.Constant temperature is respectively 15 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C, 35 DEG C 5 process; Alternating temperature be daytime/night: 20 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C), 25 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C), 30 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C), the process of 35 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) 4.Seed is placed in the glass germination box that bottom is lined with germination paper, and keeps germination paper moistening, be placed in artificial incubator and sprout, compare the impact for the treatment of of different temperature on YANGKAIKOU seed germination.
1.2 illumination
Illumination is set to periodically illumination and complete dark 2 kinds, and intensity of illumination is 3000lx, 12h/d, and Germination Temperature is respectively 20,25,30,35 DEG C.Seed is placed in the glass germination box that bottom is lined with germination paper, and keeps germination paper moistening, be placed in artificial incubator and sprout, compare under identical Temperature Treatment, intensity of illumination is on the impact of YANGKAIKOU seed germination.
1.3 matrix
Choose perlite, seedling medium, garden mould (surface layer loess in place), garden mould+pig manure (3:1), husky 5 kinds of different matrix as Germination textures, be 3000lx, 12h/d in periodicity illumination, temperature is cultivate in 30 DEG C of constant incubators, studies the impact that different Germination textures germinates on YANGKAIKOU.
1.4 moisture
Seed being placed on respectively moisture ratio is sow in the garden mould of 17%, 23%, 28%, 33%, 38%, 45%, being placed on periodically illumination is 3000lx, 12h/d, temperature is cultivate in the constant incubator of 30 DEG C, compares the impact of different in moisture content on YANGKAIKOU seed germination.
1.5 earthing
Adopt in garden mould not earthing, earthing 0.05mm, earthing 0.1mm, earthing 0.3mm, earthing 0.5mm, the different earthing situation of earthing 0.8mm6 kind and do perlite respectively, seedling medium, garden mould cover, garden mould+pig manure (3:1), sand 5 kinds of matrix cover original matrix 0.5mm, experiment is 3000lx, 12h/d in periodicity illumination, and temperature is cultivate in the constant incubator of 30 DEG C.Study in different earthing conditions the impact of YANGKAIKOU germination rate.(above matrix all crosses 20 order dusting covers.）
1.6 storage time
After gathering from 2011, August starts the sowing of each season once, tests and carries out in glass room, and with the flowerpot of diameter 25cm, seedling medium adopts garden mould.Observe storage time to the impact of YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination.
2. Data Analysis Services:
One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) made by data MicrosoftExcel2003, SPSS18.0 software, carries out Multiple range test by Duncan method, heterogeneity of variance, adopts Tamhane ' s T2 to compare; Figure is with Excel2003,
Apply the reasonability of positive and negative standard deviation check data.
2.1 constant temperature process
Under 12h illumination condition, different temperature is different with the impact of germination rate on the speed of YANGKAIKOU seed sprouting.Within the 8th day 30 DEG C time, just start to germinate, germination rate reaches 64.0%; Within when 25 DEG C the 13rd day, start to germinate, germination rate is 62.0%; Within when 35 DEG C the 12nd day, start to germinate, germination rate is 12.7%; When 20 DEG C, the 20th talent starts to germinate, and germination rate is 26.7%; Do not sprout when temperature is at 15 DEG C.As can be seen here, under constant temperature 15 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions, the first grain seed germinating time of YANGKAIKOU shortens gradually with the rising of temperature, temperature is higher, seed germination required time is shorter, and germination rate also raises along with temperature and raises gradually, but when being elevated to 35 DEG C with temperature, germination rate declines on the contrary, specifically as shown in Figure 1.
The regularity impact of different temperatures on seed germination is also larger.30 DEG C time, germination vigor is best, reaches 48.0%, is significantly higher than the germination vigor of other temperature; Next is 25 DEG C, 36.0%; Be again 20 DEG C, 15.3%; And the germination vigor of 35 DEG C is only 6.0%; The poorest is 15 DEG C, is 0.Therefore, the optimal temperature of seed sprouting is 30 DEG C.Variance analysis shows, the germination rate no significant difference at 25,30 DEG C, but is significantly higher than (Duncan checks, p < 0.05) 15,20,35 DEG C.Fig. 2 is the effect diagram of temperature to potentiality of seed.
2.2 treatment of different temperature are on the impact of YANGKAIKOU seed germination
Under periodicity illumination condition, different constant temperature and intermittent warming to YANGKAIKOU seed sprouting and speed germination rate also have Different Effects.Can find out that seed germinates when 30 DEG C of constant temperature by watch 1,2 the fastest, germination rate and germination vigor also the highest.
Germination rate is followed successively by constant temperature 30 DEG C of > constant temperature 25 DEG C of > 30 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > 25 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > constant temperature 20 DEG C=35 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > 20 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > constant temperature 35 DEG C.
Germination vigor is followed successively by constant temperature 30 DEG C of > constant temperature 25 DEG C of > 25 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > 35 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > constant temperature 20 DEG C of > 30 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > constant temperature 35 DEG C of > 20 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C).
First grain seed germinating time from fast to slow be constant temperature 30 DEG C of > constant temperature 25 DEG C of > 35 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > 30 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > constant temperature 20 DEG C of > 25 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > 20 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C).
Visible, seed under the condition of constant temperature 30 DEG C germination rate and germination vigor best, be also best suited for one of condition of YANGKAIKOU seed germination.
Table 1: constant temperature is on the impact of seed sprouting
Table 2: alternating temperature is on the impact of seed sprouting
2.3 illumination are on the impact of YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination
Different intensities of illumination has different impacts to the speed of YANGKAIKOU seed germination and germination rate.As seen from Figure 3: seed is under periodicity illumination, temperature are 30 DEG C of constant temperatures, and the 8th day seed starts to sprout, and germination rate is best, reaches 64.0%; Secondly be under periodically illumination, 25 DEG C of constant temperature, the 13rd day seed starts to sprout, and germination rate reaches 62.0%; And be also only 30.0% during the process 25 DEG C that under dark condition, germination rate is best; The poorest process is dark 35 DEG C, and within the 15th day, seed just starts sprouting, germination rate only 1.0%.Periodically illumination all has significant impact (P<0.05) to YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination, and its germination rate is significantly higher than the germination rate of YANGKAIKOU seed under full dark condition.In a word, YANGKAIKOU seed all can be sprouted under periodicity illumination and dark condition, but can shorten germinating time under periodicity illumination, significantly improves percentage of seedgermination, and it is very significant that visible ray shines the impact of the sprouting of seed.
2.4 sowing medias are on the impact of YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination and germination vigor
Under 30 DEG C, periodically illumination condition, the physical property of different soil all has significant impact (P<0.05) to YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination and germination vigor, sees Fig. 4.Wherein, namely garden mould 7d seed starts to germinate, and emergence rate is the highest, and be 50%, germination vigor is 20.0%, and speed of germination is the fastest; In perlite, namely 10d starts to germinate, and emergence rate is 33.3%, and germination vigor is 13.7%; In sand, namely 9d starts to germinate, and emergence rate is 30.7%, and germination vigor is 9.0%; In garden mould+pig manure, namely 8d starts to germinate, and emergence rate is only 22.7%, and germination vigor is 7.0%; And namely 9d starts to germinate in seedling medium, germination rate is only 14%, and germination vigor is only 5.7%.Visible, garden mould its seed germination the most applicable, first grain seed germination shortest time, germinate neat, germination rate and germination vigor are also significantly higher than other matrix.The germination rate of seedling medium and germination vigor are then the poorest.
2.5 moisture are on the impact of YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination
As seen from Figure 5, when garden mould water content is 33% and 28%, YANGKAIKOU just starts to germinate on the 8th day, and chitting piece number and germination rate are respectively 3/53.3%, 1/56%.Within when water content is 23% the 9th day, germinate, germination rate is 57%; Water content is within 38% 16th days, start to germinate, and germination rate is 53.3%; Within when water content is 45% the 18th day, start to germinate, germination rate is 4%; Germination rate when water content is 17% is 0.
As can be seen here under moisture 23 ~ 45% conditions, in various moisture ratio process, the first grain seed germinating time of YANGKAIKOU shortens gradually with the rising of moisture; Moisture is higher, and seed germination required time is longer, and germination rate also raises along with moisture and lowers gradually.And under moisture 23 ~ 38% conditions, germinate in various moisture ratio process rate variance no significant difference.
2.6 sowing depth are on the impact of seed sprouting
Being broadcast by YANGKAIKOU seed in the degree of depth is respectively in the garden mould of 0mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm and 0.8mm, also in perlite, seedling medium, garden mould+pig manure (3:1), sand 4 kinds of matrix, after planting covers former matrix 0.5mm simultaneously.Result shows that different sowing depth all has significant impact (P<0.05) to YANGKAIKOU emergence rate and germination vigor.Wherein, be 0mm(i.e. not earthing in garden mould sowing depth) emergence rate the highest, emergence rate is 49.3%, and germination vigor is 40%; Sowing depth is 0.05mm's, and emergence rate is 41%, and germination vigor is 30% ± 0.06; Sowing depth is 0.1mm's, and emergence rate is 11%, and germination vigor is 8%; Sowing depth is 0.2mm's, emergence rate 8.7%, and germination vigor is 5.3%; Sowing depth is 1.3% of 0.5mm, and germination vigor is 0.7%; Sowing depth is 0.8mm's, and germination rate and germination vigor are for being 0.Visible, YANGKAIKOU sowing does not need earthing, and seed is along with the intensification of sowing depth, and emergence rate also obviously reduces, as shown in Figure 6.Under different substrates, what sowing depth reached 0.8mm is showed no germination.
2.7 storage times are on the impact of YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination
Different storage time YANGKAIKOU seed all had seed to start to germinate at 8 ~ 12 days.As shown in Figure 7, ripe seed still remains certain germination rate in storage after 1 year.But the germination rate namely adopting the YANGKAIKOU seed namely broadcast is apparently higher than the germination rate of the seed of storage after 1 year, and the germination rate of YANGKAIKOU seed also reduces gradually along with the increase of storage time.
Embodiment 4: YANGKAIKOU growth of seedling condition experiment
1, under 12h illumination condition, different temperatures has Different Effects to Seedling Height, in table 3.
YANGKAIKOU Seedling Height under 25 DEG C of conditions is the highest, reaches 1.07cm, and growth is the fastest, and individual plant counterpoise 0.0048 ± 0.0020, can grow 2 pairs of true leaves.Under 30 DEG C of conditions, the growth integral status of YANGKAIKOU seedling is secondly, the poorest under 20 DEG C of conditions.
Table 3 temperature is on the impact of growth of seedling situation:
| Temperature | Weight per plant (g) | Plant height (cm) | True leaf (to) |
| 15℃ | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 20℃ | 0.0020±0.0012 | 0.37±0.12 | 1 |
| 25℃ | 0.0048±0.0020 | 1.07±0.40 | 2 |
| 30℃ | 0.0025±0.0007 | 0.53±0.15 | 1 |
| 35℃ | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2,30 DEG C, under 12h illumination condition, different substrates has Different Effects to Seedling Height, in table 4.
From the integral status of YANGKAIKOU growth of seedling, matrix seedling medium and garden mould are all relatively good.Wherein in seedling medium, YANGKAIKOU seedling is the most strong, and in garden mould, YANGKAIKOU Seedling Height is the highest.And the seedling of garden mould+this matrix treatments of pig manure is completely dead in growth 60 days.There is yellowing phenomenon in the seedling of sowing in perlite and husky matrix.
Table 4: matrix is on the impact of growth of seedling situation:
| Matrix | Weight per plant (g) | Plant height (cm) | True leaf (to) |
| Seedling medium | 0.0132±0.0053 | 1.63±0.15 | 3 |
| Perlite | 0.0017±0.0007 | 0.47±0.15 | 1 |
| Garden mould | 0.0048±0.0010 | 1.77±0.67 | 3 |
| Husky | 0.0035±0.0013 | 0.70±0.10 | 1-2 |
| Garden mould+pig manure | 0.0003±0.0005 | 0.17±0.28 | 1 |
3,30 DEG C, under 12h illumination condition, different water cut ratio has Different Effects, in table 5 to growth of seedling situation.Under moisture 28% condition, YANGKAIKOU seedling is the most strong, plant height is the highest, and individual plant all weighs 0.0087 ± 0.0026, and plant height reaches 1.20cm, long 3 pairs of true leaves.Moisture 23%, 33% a bit weaker, visible YANGKAIKOU seedling is adapted at growing in moisture 23% ~ 33% garden mould.
Table 5 moisture ratio is on the impact of growth of seedling situation:
| Moisture content (%) | Weight per plant (g) | Plant height (cm) | True leaf (to) |
| 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 23 | 0.0067±0.0014 | 1.17±0.15 | 2 |
| 28 | 0.0087±0.0026 | 1.20±0.10 | 3 |
| 33 | 0.0067±0.0011 | 1.17±0.06 | 2 |
| 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4, in glass room, under same matrix condition, the growth effect of Various Seasonal seeding and seedling raising to seedling is very large.As can be seen from Table 6, spring is the optimum season of YANGKAIKOU sowing, no matter all individual plant weight, plant height, the number of blade, stem all apparently higher than the seedling of YANGKAIKOU in other in season.The temperature condition that winter does not reach seed germination because temperature is lower, so have no seed sprouting.
Table 6 season is on the impact of growth of seedling situation:
| Season | Weight per plant (g) | Plant height cm | True leaf (to) | Ground stem |
| Spring | 1.94±0.70 | 12.67±0.58 | 5-7 couple | 0.25±0.04 |
| Summer | 1.34±0.47 | 8.70±0.31 | 3-5 couple | 0.20±0.02 |
| Autumn | 0.05±0.06 | 1.34±0.69 | 3-5 couple | 0.05±0.02 |
| Winter | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Claims (20)
1. a plantation rudiment method for YANGKAIKOU, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) select the mature seed of YANGKAIKOU, being placed in water content is on 23 ~ 45% solid culture matrix;
(2) temperature that controls environment is 20 ~ 30 DEG C, and adopt periodically illumination, cultivate 15 ~ 35 days, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally with seed, namely radicle exposes for sprouting standard, obtains YANGKAIKOU seedling;
(3) YANGKAIKOU seedling being placed in water content is in the solid culture matrix of 23 ~ 42%, and the temperature that controls environment is 20 ~ 30 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, makes its continued growth.
2. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the seed of described maturation is the seed in YANGKAIKOU fruit season crack, pericarp green grass or young crops in reddish fruit.
3. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the water content of described YANGKAIKOU seed is 6 ~ 7%.
4. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the water content of described YANGKAIKOU seed is 6.57%.
5. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described YANGKAIKOU seed storage time is less than 1 year.
6. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the described YANGKAIKOU seed storage time is less than 9 months.
7. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 5, is characterized in that, namely described YANGKAIKOU seed is adopted and namely broadcast.
8. the implantation methods of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1) and step (3), described solid culture matrix is selected from perlite, seedling medium, garden mould or sand.
9. the implantation methods of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the solid culture matrix in step (1) is garden mould.
10. the implantation methods of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the solid culture matrix in step (3) is seedling medium or garden mould.
The plantation rudiment method of 11. YANGKAIKOUs according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described solid culture matrix was the solid culture matrix after 20 order dusting covers.
The plantation rudiment method of 12. YANGKAIKOUs according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), the water content of described solid culture matrix is 28 ~ 36%; In step (3), the water content of described solid culture matrix is 23% ~ 33%.
The plantation rudiment method of 13. YANGKAIKOUs according to claim 12, is characterized in that, in step (1), the water content of described solid culture matrix is 33 ~ 35%.
The plantation rudiment method of 14. YANGKAIKOUs according to claim 12, is characterized in that, in step (3), the water content of described solid culture matrix is 28% ~ 32%.
The implantation methods of 15. YANGKAIKOUs according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2) and step (3), described environmental temperature is 25 ~ 30 DEG C.
The implantation methods of 16. YANGKAIKOUs according to claim 15, is characterized in that, described environmental temperature is 30 DEG C.
The plantation rudiment method of 17. YANGKAIKOUs according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), the intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination be 2500 ~ 3000lx, 10 ~ 14 hours/day; In step (3), the intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination be 2500 ~ 3000lx, 10 ~ 14 hours/day.
The plantation rudiment method of 18. YANGKAIKOUs according to claim 17, is characterized in that, in step (2), the intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination be 3000lx, 12 hours/day.
The plantation rudiment method of 19. YANGKAIKOUs according to claim 17, is characterized in that, in step (3), the intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination be 3000lx, 12 hours/day.
The plantation rudiment method of 20. YANGKAIKOUs according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the season of the plantation of described YANGKAIKOU seed is spring.
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