CN112956410A - Fagopyrum tataricum sprouting vegetable and soilless culture method thereof - Google Patents
Fagopyrum tataricum sprouting vegetable and soilless culture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112956410A CN112956410A CN202110384395.XA CN202110384395A CN112956410A CN 112956410 A CN112956410 A CN 112956410A CN 202110384395 A CN202110384395 A CN 202110384395A CN 112956410 A CN112956410 A CN 112956410A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable and a soilless culture method thereof; the cultivation method comprises the following steps: seed treatment: carrying out disinfection treatment and soaking treatment on the tartary buckwheat seeds to obtain treated seeds; sowing: sowing the treated seeds with a sowing density of 4800-6100 grains/m2(ii) a And (3) management after sowing: including lighting management and nutrition management; the illumination management includes: dark culture is carried out firstly, then light culture is carried out, and the illumination intensity is 200-250 mu mol‑2s‑1(ii) a The nutrition management comprises: culturing by adopting a nutrient solution after water culture, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: 0.125-0.23 g/L of nitrogen fertilizer,0.2-0.4 g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.25-0.375 g/L of potash fertilizer; the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable has good growth, high yield and excellent quality, and the obtained tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable finished product has higher contents of chlorophyll, soluble protein, total flavone, rutin, quercetin and other substances; the method can be used for obtaining high-flavone high-quality tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables, can reduce the production cost of soilless culture tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables, and has a wide market application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable and a soilless cultivation method thereof.
Background
With the improvement of the living standard of people, people pay more attention to the factors such as novelty, diversity, appearance, taste, nutrition, health care, edible safety and the like of the variety to the selection of vegetables. The vegetable is good for consumers as a sprout vegetable with rich nutrition, crisp and tender texture, unique flavor and no public hazard, and becomes a novel high-grade vegetable and a green health food. The edible sprouts, sprouts balls, tender shoots, young stems and young tips which are directly grown by utilizing plant seeds or nutritive organs under the dark or low light condition are called as sprouts vegetables (for short, sprouts). At present, the production of sprouting vegetables mostly focuses on radish sprouts, pea sprouts, Chinese toon sprouts and the like, and research reports on tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable production technologies are few.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides a tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable and a soilless culture method thereof, the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable has characteristics of good growth, high yield and excellent quality, the obtained tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable finished product has high contents of chlorophyll, soluble protein, total flavone, rutin, quercetin and other substances, the method can be used for obtaining high-flavone high-quality tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable, the production cost of soilless culture tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable can be reduced, and the market application prospect is wide.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the application is a soilless culture method of tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables, which comprises the following steps:
seed treatment: carrying out disinfection treatment and soaking treatment on the tartary buckwheat seeds to obtain treated seeds;
sowing: sowing the treated seeds with a sowing density of 4800-6100 grains/m2；
And (3) management after sowing: including lighting management and nutrition management;
the illumination management includes: dark culture is carried out firstly, then light culture is carried out, and the illumination intensity is 200-250 mu mol m in the light culture process- 2s-1；
The nutrition management comprises: culturing by adopting a nutrient solution after water culture, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: 0.125-0.23 g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.25-0.375 g/L of potash fertilizer.
Preferably, the tartary buckwheat seeds are selected tartary buckwheat seeds.
Preferably, the cultivation method further comprises: selecting seeds, namely selecting healthy tartary buckwheat seeds with full particles, moderate size, uniformity and no mildew, and removing aged seeds, necrotic seeds, immature seeds, worm-eaten seeds, peel-free seeds and damaged seeds to obtain the selected tartary buckwheat seeds.
Preferably, the tartary buckwheat seeds are tartary buckwheat No. 1 seeds.
Preferably, the seed treatment process specifically comprises: washing the tartary buckwheat seeds in sequence, soaking the tartary buckwheat seeds in disinfectant, and then soaking the tartary buckwheat seeds in water to obtain treated seeds; the total time of soaking in the disinfectant and soaking in water is more than or equal to 15 h.
Preferably, the total time of soaking the disinfectant and soaking the disinfectant with water is 15-18 h.
Preferably, the disinfection treatment is soaking for 5-8 hours by adopting a disinfectant.
Preferably, the disinfection treatment is soaking for 8 hours by adopting a disinfection solution.
Preferably, the disinfectant is a sodium chloride solution.
Preferably, the sodium chloride solution is a 2 wt% sodium chloride solution.
Preferably, the soaking treatment is soaking for 8-10 hours by water.
Preferably, the soaking treatment is soaking with water for 10 h.
Preferably, the water for immersion treatment is pure water.
Preferably, the seed treatment process specifically comprises: the tartary buckwheat seeds are washed by water for 3 times, soaked by disinfectant, washed by water and soaked by water again to obtain the treated seeds.
Preferably, the seeding density is 4800 grains/m2。
Preferably, the sowing process adopts sowing with the row spacing of 1.0cm multiplied by 0.8 cm-1.0 cm multiplied by 1.5 cm.
Preferably, the sowing process adopts sowing with the row spacing of 1.0cm multiplied by 1.5 cm.
Preferably, the sowing process specifically comprises: a filter paper layer, a gauze layer I, a grid net disc I, a gauze layer II and a grid net disc II are sequentially arranged in the germination disc from top to bottom; grid meshes are arranged on the grid mesh plate I and the grid mesh plate II; and punching the filter paper layer to form through holes, and sowing the treated seeds in the through holes.
Preferably, the tip of the treated seed is sown vertically downwards.
Preferably, the filter paper layer is 1 layer of filter paper, the gauze layer I is 1 layer of gauze, and the gauze layer II is 1-5 layers of gauze. The gauze layer I and the gauze layer II are arranged to have ventilation and stabilization effects on the root of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable through the gauze adsorption force; meanwhile, the thickness of the gauze layer II can be adjusted up and down according to the height of the water line to play a role in root ventilation, so that the problems that the roots of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables are easy to suffer from oxygen deficiency and root rot, mildew and lesion and the like after being soaked in water for a long time are effectively solved.
Preferably, the germination disc is a 25cm × 30cm germination disc.
Preferably, the post-seeding management further comprises: humidity management, humidity management does: the humidity is 65-75% RH.
Preferably, the post-seeding management further comprises: temperature management, the temperature management is: the temperature is 15-25 ℃.
Preferably, the dark culture process is dark culture for 2-4 days.
Preferably, the dark culture process is culturing for 3d in a dark place.
Preferably, the illumination period in the light culture process is 14-17 h/d.
Preferably, the lighting management specifically includes: culturing in dark place for 2-4 days, and irradiating with light at an intensity of 200-250 μmol m-2s-1And culturing with light under the condition of a light period of 14-17 h/d.
Preferably, the nutrient solution comprises: 0.23g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.2g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.375g/L of potash fertilizer.
Preferably, the nutrient solution consists of 0.125-0.23 g/L of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 g/L of phosphate fertilizer, 0.25-0.375 g/L of potash fertilizer and the balance of water.
Preferably, the nutrient solution consists of 0.23g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.2g/L of phosphate fertilizer, 0.375g/L of potash fertilizer and the balance of water.
Preferably, the nutritional management specifically comprises: and (3) culturing for 2-4 days by adopting water, then culturing by adopting a nutrient solution, adding the nutrient solution every 3-5 days, and replacing the nutrient solution every 7-14 days for 1 time.
Preferably, the nutritional management specifically comprises: and (3) culturing for 3 days by adopting water, then culturing by adopting a nutrient solution, adding the nutrient solution every 5 days, and replacing the nutrient solution every 10 days for 1 time.
Preferably, the dark culture process adopts water culture, and the light culture process adopts nutrient solution culture.
Preferably, the nutritional management specifically comprises: the nutrition management process specifically comprises: the water and nutrient level line is covering the treated seed 1/2.
Preferably, the cultivation method specifically comprises:
seed selection: selecting full, moderate, uniform and healthy tartary buckwheat seeds without mildew, and removing aged seeds, necrotic seeds, immature seeds, worm-eaten seeds, peel-free seeds and damaged seeds to obtain selected tartary buckwheat seeds;
seed treatment: washing the selected tartary buckwheat seeds with water, soaking the tartary buckwheat seeds with disinfectant, washing, and soaking the tartary buckwheat seeds with water to obtain treated seeds;
sowing: sowing seeds in a germination disc, wherein a filter paper layer, a gauze layer I, a grid net disc I, a gauze layer II and a grid net disc II are sequentially arranged in the germination disc from top to bottom; grid meshes are arranged on the grid mesh plate I and the grid mesh plate II; the filter paper layer is punched to form through holes, the treated seeds are sowed in the through holes, and the sowing density is 4800-6100 grains/m2；
And (3) management after sowing: the method comprises the following steps of illumination management, humidity management, temperature management and nutrition management;
illumination management: dark culture is carried out firstly, then light culture is carried out, and the illumination intensity is 200-250 mu mol-2s-1；
Humidity management: humidity is 70-75% RH;
temperature management: the temperature is 22-25 ℃;
and (3) nutrition management: culturing by adopting a nutrient solution after water culture, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: 0.125-0.23 g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.25-0.375 g/L of potash fertilizer.
The invention also provides tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables which are obtained by planting through the cultivation method.
Compared with the prior art, the detailed description of the application is as follows:
most of the traditional plant cultivation is soil cultivation, and is carried out in soil. Through the procedures of seed selection, soaking, germination acceleration, sowing and the like, the cultivation of plants in soil has a lot of defects (for example, the weather, the temperature, the environment and the humidity change are large, uncontrollable factors are too much, the plants are planted at most in two seasons of one year, the yield and the quality are often unstable, the plant diseases and insect pests are more, the production cost is higher, the soil is wasted, the transportation is inconvenient, the ornamental value is low, the land occupation area is occupied and the like).
At present, the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable is mainly obtained by planting in the field, and seeds of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable are sown in field soil or solid substances close to the soil to be cultivated to form the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable. Planting tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables in the field has a plurality of defects of cultivating plants in soil, including large change caused by weather, temperature, environment and humidity; too many uncontrollable factors; the yield and the quality are very unstable, and the diseases and insect pests are more.
With the gradual improvement of agricultural biotechnology, methods for soilless culture of plants have been proposed. Soilless culture refers to the process of germination, bud cultivation and seedling cultivation of seeds in a proper illumination, temperature, humidity and nutrient medium. The current soilless culture method of plants is very limited, and the problems of slow growth, low survival rate, easy floating and the like exist in the soilless culture of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables; it is difficult to grow a plurality of true leaves; most of the visible common parts in the market are tartary buckwheat buds, and the soilless production technology from the tartary buckwheat buds to tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables is rarely broken through. Simultaneously, for succinctness, convenience, can use the dish that sprouts, the box that sprouts to carry out seedling bud dish and cultivate, nevertheless in the cultivation process, when sprouting vegetable grows to a take the altitude, it appears the phenomenon of falling by a large scale easily, has seriously influenced sprouting vegetable's output and quality.
The invention provides a soilless culture method of tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables, which ensures that a root system is directly contacted with nutrient solution, the sprout vegetables are sufficiently absorbed and grow rapidly, thoroughly gets rid of the restriction of soil conditions and cultivated land resources, realizes the high-efficiency utilization of water resources and greatly improves the production efficiency; the surface area of the root system is increased, and the absorption of the root system to water and nutrients is facilitated.
The invention relates to a soilless culture method of tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables, which is characterized in that a filter paper layer, a gauze layer I, a grid mesh disc I, a gauze layer II and a grid mesh disc II are sequentially arranged in a sprouting disc from top to bottom; grid meshes are arranged on the grid mesh plate I and the grid mesh plate II; the filter paper layer is punched to form through holes, and the treated seeds are sown in the through holes; the phenomenon of large-area floating in the cultivation process of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables is solved; the gauze layer I and the gauze layer II are arranged to have ventilation and stabilization effects on the root of the sprouting vegetable through the gauze adsorption force; meanwhile, the thickness of the gauze layer II can be adjusted up and down according to the height of the water line to play a role in root ventilation, so that the problems that the roots of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables are easy to suffer from oxygen deficiency and root rot, mildew and lesion and the like after being soaked in water for a long time are solved.
In the soilless culture method of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable, the water and nutrient solution water line covers 1/2 parts of the treated seeds, so that the culture efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the air permeability and humidity of the seeds in water are ensured. The water level control avoids the problems that the water sprayed on the seeds is easy to dry in the germination period, the water amount is too much and the seeds easily mildew to influence the germination and growth of the seeds and the like.
According to the soilless culture method of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables, the seed soaking time is determined, the soaking time can be 15-18 h, and the germination rate and the germination speed can be improved; furthermore, the invention adopts the sodium chloride solution to soak seeds for disinfection, thereby removing the fungi and bacteria pathogens on the surfaces of the tartary buckwheat seeds, and meanwhile, because the seeds with good quality contain more organic matters and have heavy quality, the bad seeds float on the liquid surface and can be screened and removed.
The invention discloses illumination management: dark culture is carried out firstly, then light culture is carried out, and the nutrition management specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) culturing for 2-4 days by adopting water, then culturing by adopting a nutrient solution, adding the nutrient solution every 3-5 days, and replacing the nutrient solution every 7-14 days for 1 time. The invention adopts the dark culture and water culture processes to ensure the normal germination of the seeds, and adopts nutrient solution and light culture modes to culture after the seeds germinate. Nutrient solution is added in the culture process, so that the nutrient requirement of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable in the growth process is ensured, and the influence on the growth of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable caused by the change of the environment due to the direct replacement of the nutrient solution is avoided.
The soilless culture method of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables determines proper seeding density, improves growth indexes, and reduces unnecessary waste.
The sprout vegetables cultured by the soilless culture tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable through the high-efficiency nutrient solution have high yield and high quality.
The soilless culture method of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable reduces the production cost of the soilless culture tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable.
In conclusion, the method for soilless culture of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable has the advantages that the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable grows well, the content of chlorophyll, soluble protein, total flavone, rutin, quercetin and other substances in the finished tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable is high, and the content of the total flavone and phenolic active ingredients is higher than that of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable planted in the field. The tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable can be cold dressed with sauce, quickly fried and stewed for cooking soup, has smooth and tender mouthfeel, tender green color, moderate cold dressed with sauce brittleness and huge development and application potential. The tartary buckwheat sprouts are commonly seen in the market, but the invention breaks through the improvement from the tartary buckwheat sprouts to the tartary buckwheat sprout seedling from the technical process and develops a production method suitable for high-flavone high-quality tartary buckwheat sprout seedling. Based on novel tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable cultivation technology, the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable production and operation investment is small, the cost is low, the profit is large, the operation mode is various, and the market application prospect is large.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a soilless cultivation method of Fagopyrum tataricum sprouting vegetable;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the cultivation process of Fagopyrum tataricum sprouting vegetable;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a finished product of a tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of different seeding densities on the length of a tartary buckwheat sprout;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the influence of different seeding densities on leaf area and fresh weight of a tartary buckwheat sprout;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the influence of different illumination intensities on leaf area and leaf number of Fagopyrum tataricum sprouting vegetable;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of different illumination intensities on the length, stem length and fresh weight of a tartary buckwheat sprout;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of different illumination intensity conditions on the growth of tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the influence of different schemes on leaf area and leaf number of tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of different schemes on the fresh weight of tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the content of quercetin in buckwheat sprouts according to different schemes;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the rutin content in the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable in different schemes;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the chlorophyll content in the sprout vegetables of Fagopyrum tataricum under different schemes;
FIG. 14 is a graph showing the soluble protein content in different embodiments of Fagopyrum tataricum sprouting vegetable;
FIG. 15 is a graph showing the total flavone content in the buckwheat sprouts in different schemes.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to specific embodiments.
In the embodiment and the effect example of the invention, the germination disk, the grid mesh disk I, the grid mesh disk II, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are all commercially available products. The specification of the germination disk is 25cm multiplied by 30 cm.
TABLE 1 nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer conditions table
| Chemical fertilizer name | Specification of | Purity of | Manufacturer of the product |
| Phosphate fertilizer | 40kg | The net content of calcium superphosphate is more than or equal to 40 percent | Wanfu phosphate fertilizer industry Co Ltd in Guanghan, Sichuan province |
| Potassium fertilizer | 40kg | The net content of potassium oxide is more than or equal to 50.0 percent | SINOFERT HOLDING Ltd. |
| Nitrogen fertilizer | 40kg | Total nitrogen (N) is more than or equal to 46.0 percent | Sichuan Meifeng chemical Co Ltd |
Example 1
Soilless culture method for tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables
Seed selection: selecting full, moderate, uniform and healthy tartary buckwheat seeds without mildew, and removing aged seeds, necrotic seeds, immature seeds, worm-eaten seeds, peel-free seeds and damaged seeds to obtain selected tartary buckwheat seeds;
seed treatment: washing the selected tartary buckwheat seeds with distilled water for 3 times, soaking the seeds with 2 wt% sodium chloride solution for 8 hours, washing the seeds with distilled water, and soaking the seeds with pure water for 10 hours to obtain treated seeds; 2 wt% sodium chloride solution and pure water;
sowing: sowing seeds in a germination disc, wherein a filter paper layer, a gauze layer I, a grid mesh disc I, a gauze layer II and a grid mesh disc II are sequentially arranged in the germination disc from top to bottom; grid meshes are arranged on the grid mesh plate I and the grid mesh plate II; punching a hole in the filter paper layer to form a through hole, and vertically sowing the tip of the treated seed in the through hole downwards; the filter paper layer is 1 layer of filter paper, the gauze layer I is 1 layer of gauze, and the gauze layer II is 1-5 layers of gauze; the seeding density is 5300 grains/m2(ii) a Sowing seeds with the row spacing of 1.0cm multiplied by 1.5 cm;
and (3) management after sowing: the method comprises the following steps of illumination management, humidity management, temperature management and nutrition management;
illumination management: after 3d of dark culture, the culture is carried out under the illumination intensity of 200-250 mu mol-2s-1Culturing with light under the condition of 14-17 h/d of illumination period;
humidity management: humidity is 65-75% RH;
temperature management: the temperature is 15-25 ℃;
and (3) nutrition management: culturing for 3 days by adopting pure water, culturing by adopting a nutrient solution, adding the nutrient solution every 5 days, and replacing the nutrient solution for 1 time every 14 days, wherein the nutrient solution consists of 0.23g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.2g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.375g/L of potash fertilizer, and the balance of water; the water level line of the pure water culture and the nutrient solution culture covers the treated seeds 1/2;
the dark culture process adopts water culture, and the light culture process adopts nutrient solution culture;
harvesting: collecting to obtain the finished product of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable.
The flow chart of the soilless culture method of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable is shown in figure 1, the condition chart of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable culture process is shown in figure 2, and the finished tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable product is shown in figure 3.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that:
seed treatment: washing the selected tartary buckwheat seeds with distilled water for 3 times, soaking the seeds with 2 wt% sodium chloride solution for 5 hours, washing the seeds with distilled water, and soaking the seeds with pure water for 8 hours to obtain treated seeds; 2 wt% sodium chloride solution and pure water.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that:
seed treatment: washing the selected tartary buckwheat seeds with distilled water for 3 times, soaking the seeds with 2 wt% sodium chloride solution for 8 hours, washing the seeds with distilled water, and soaking the seeds with pure water for 10 hours to obtain treated seeds; 2 wt% sodium chloride solution and pure water.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 in that:
illumination management: after 2d of dark culture, the culture is carried out under the illumination intensity of 200-250 mu mol-2s-1Culturing with light under the condition of 14-17 h/d of illumination period;
and (3) nutrition management: after 2 days of pure water culture, adopting nutrient solution for culture, adding the nutrient solution every 5 days, and replacing the nutrient solution every 7 days for 1 time, wherein the nutrient solution consists of 0.23g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.2g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.375g/L of potash fertilizer, and the balance of water.
Example 5
This example differs from example 1 in that:
illumination management: after 4d of dark culture, the culture is carried out under the illumination intensity of 200-250 mu mol-2s-1Culturing with light under the condition of 14-17 h/d of illumination period;
and (3) nutrition management: culturing for 4 days by pure water, culturing by nutrient solution, adding the nutrient solution every 5 days, and replacing the nutrient solution every 10 days for 1 time, wherein the nutrient solution is composed of 0.23g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.2g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.375g/L of potash fertilizer, and the balance of water.
Example 6
This example differs from example 1 in that:
the seeding density is 4800 grains/m2。
Example 7
This example differs from example 1 in that:
the seeding density is 6100 grains/m2。
Effect example 1
Density test
1. Buckwheat seeds: west buckwheat No. 1
2. The soilless culture method of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables comprises the following steps:
seed selection: selecting full, moderate, uniform and healthy tartary buckwheat seeds without mildew, and removing aged seeds, necrotic seeds, immature seeds, worm-eaten seeds, peel-free seeds and damaged seeds to obtain selected tartary buckwheat seeds;
seed treatment: washing the selected tartary buckwheat seeds with distilled water for 3 times, soaking the seeds with 2 wt% sodium chloride solution for 8 hours, washing the seeds with distilled water, and soaking the seeds with pure water for 10 hours to obtain treated seeds;
sowing: sowing seeds in a germination disc, wherein 1 layer of filter paper is sequentially arranged in the germination disc from top to bottom, and 1 layer of gauze and the treated seeds are sown on the filter paper; designing 7 gradients, wherein each germination disk is respectively sown with density values of 900, 2200, 3500, 4800, 6100, 7500 and 8800 grains/m2Treated seeds;
and (3) management after sowing: the method comprises the following steps of illumination management, humidity management, temperature management and nutrition management;
illumination management: after 3d of dark culture, the cells were irradiated with light at 200. mu. mol-2s-1Culturing with light under the condition of 14-17 h/d of illumination period;
humidity management: humidity 70% ± 5% RH;
temperature management: the temperature is 20 +/-5 ℃;
and (3) nutrition management: culturing for 3 days by adopting pure water, culturing by adopting a nutrient solution, adding the nutrient solution every 5 days, and replacing the nutrient solution for 1 time every 14 days, wherein the nutrient solution consists of 0.23g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.2g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.375g/L of potash fertilizer, and the balance of water; the water level line of the pure water culture and the nutrient solution culture covers the treated seeds 1/2;
the dark culture process adopts water culture, and the light culture process adopts nutrient solution culture.
3. Measurement and results: the tartary buckwheat sprout growth indexes (stem length, root length, leaf area and fresh weight of the tartary buckwheat sprout) are collected and measured after 15 days of light culture, and the results are shown in a table 2, a figure 4 (a graph showing the influence of different seeding densities on the length of the tartary buckwheat sprout) and a figure 5 (a graph showing the influence of different seeding densities on the leaf area and the fresh weight of the tartary buckwheat sprout).
TABLE 2 influence of different seeding densities on the growth index of Fagopyrum tataricum sprouting vegetable
The proper seeding density can be determined to improve the yield of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable and the seedling protecting rate. There are problems:
firstly, the swing sowing density is not too large or too small; secondly, the plant growth is influenced by overlarge density; thirdly, the sowing resources cannot be reasonably utilized due to too low density, and the number of plants per unit area cannot be guaranteed during harvesting, so that the yield per unit area is influenced; fourthly, the roots with too low density are not connected with one another, so that the floating phenomenon is easy to generate; fifthly, seeds sowed too densely are often crowded mutually during or after emergence of seedlings, ventilation and light transmission are poor, excessive growth is easily caused, and diseases are easily induced; sixthly, the seeding is too sparse, the utilization rate of the seedbed is too low, and great waste is caused.
The density test research result of the invention shows that: the sowing density of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable has significant influence on fresh weight, sprout length and leaf surface width of the sprout vegetable, and the root is affected by the density of the sprout vegetableHas certain inhibiting effect on the growth of the plants. Meanwhile, multiple tests show that in a germination disk with the specification of 25cm multiplied by 30cm, the seeding density of each disk is less than 4800 grains/m2The yield of tartary buckwheat sprouts in unit area is difficult to guarantee.
The soilless culture method of the invention cultures in the germination plate with the specification of 25cm multiplied by 30cm, the seeding process adopts the seeding with the row spacing of 1.0cm multiplied by 0.8 cm-1.0 cm multiplied by 1.5cm, and the preferred row spacing is 1.0cm multiplied by 1.5 cm. The seeding density is 4800-6100 grains/m2。
Effect example 2
Light intensity test
1. Buckwheat seeds: west buckwheat No. 1
2. The soilless culture method of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables comprises the following steps:
seed selection: selecting full, moderate, uniform and healthy tartary buckwheat seeds without mildew, and removing aged seeds, necrotic seeds, immature seeds, worm-eaten seeds, peel-free seeds and damaged seeds to obtain selected tartary buckwheat seeds;
seed treatment: washing the selected tartary buckwheat seeds with distilled water for 3 times, soaking the seeds with 2 wt% sodium chloride solution for 8 hours, washing the seeds with distilled water, and soaking the seeds with pure water for 10 hours to obtain treated seeds;
sowing: sowing seeds in a germination disc, wherein a filter paper layer, a gauze layer I, a grid mesh disc I, a gauze layer II and a grid mesh disc II are sequentially arranged in the germination disc from top to bottom; grid meshes are arranged on the grid mesh plate I and the grid mesh plate II; punching a hole in the filter paper layer to form a through hole, and vertically sowing the tip of the treated seed in the through hole downwards; the filter paper layer is 1 layer of filter paper, the gauze layer I is 1 layer of gauze, and the gauze layer II is 1-5 layers of gauze; each germination disk is respectively sown with 4800 grains/m2Treated seeds; sowing seeds with the row spacing of 1.0cm multiplied by 1.5 cm;
and (3) management after sowing: the method comprises the following steps of illumination management, humidity management, temperature management and nutrition management;
illumination management: culturing in dark for 3d, and culturing in light with an illumination period of 14-17 h/d; the light culture process designs 5 different gradient light intensities: 0. 50 of、100、150、200、250μmolm-2s-1
Humidity management: humidity 60% ± 5% RH;
temperature management: the temperature is 20 +/-5 ℃;
and (3) nutrition management: culturing for 3 days by adopting pure water, culturing by adopting a nutrient solution, adding the nutrient solution every 5 days, and replacing the nutrient solution for 1 time every 14 days, wherein the nutrient solution consists of 0.23g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.2g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.375g/L of potash fertilizer, and the balance of water; the water level line of the pure water culture and the nutrient solution culture covers the treated seeds 1/2;
the dark culture process adopts water culture, and the light culture process adopts nutrient solution culture.
3. Measurement and results: after the light culture for 15 days, harvesting and measuring the growth indexes (leaf area, leaf number, stem length and root length of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable) of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable are shown in the table 3, the figure 6 (a graph of the influence of different illumination intensities on the leaf area and the leaf number of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable), the figure 7 (a graph of the influence of different illumination intensities on the root length, the stem length and the fresh weight of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable) and the figure 8 (a graph of the growth of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable under different illumination intensity conditions).
TABLE 3 influence of different illumination intensities on the growth index of Fagopyrum tataricum sprouting vegetable
The growth of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable is realized by storing organic matters through photosynthesis, so that the illumination intensity has great influence on the growth and development of the sprouting vegetable, and the illumination intensity directly influences the photosynthesis intensity of the sprouting vegetable. The reduction of the illumination intensity can cause the quantity of leaves, the leaf area, the first-stage branch number and the photosynthetic products of the single plant of the sprouting vegetable to be reduced; the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable under weak light has higher plant, but the stem is thinner and easy to fall down, the leaves are large and few, and the yield is low. According to the problems of the illumination intensity on the sprouting vegetable cultivation process, the invention designs the influence of different illumination intensities on the growth and development of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable in a soilless cultivation mode.
The soilless culture method provided by the invention adjusts different conditionsThe illumination intensity is as follows: 0. 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 μmol-2s-1Culturing the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables at the illumination intensity of 0 mu mol-2s-1The cultured Fagopyrum tataricum sprouting vegetable has long stem, thin stem, less leaf number, small leaf area, and suitable strong light (200 μmol)-2s-1) The stem length of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable cultured under the condition is short, but the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable is relatively thick and lodging-resistant, and has more leaves, larger leaf area and high yield; the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable under weak light has higher plant height, but thinner stem, easy lodging, large and few leaves and low yield. Therefore, the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable cultivated under strong light is strong and is 0-50 mu mol-2s-1The stem of the lower bud seedling is slender and weak. In the soilless culture of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable, the method determines that the illumination intensity is controlled to be 200-250 mu mol in order to improve the yield and the quality of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable-2s-1The light intensity with short illumination time can be controlled at 250 mu mol-2s-1。
Effect example 3
Improvement test of nutrient solution
1. Buckwheat seeds: west buckwheat No. 1
2. The experimental scheme is as follows:
(1) the soilless culture method of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables comprises the following steps:
seed selection: selecting full, moderate, uniform and healthy tartary buckwheat seeds without mildew, and removing aged seeds, necrotic seeds, immature seeds, worm-eaten seeds, peel-free seeds and damaged seeds to obtain selected tartary buckwheat seeds;
seed treatment: washing the selected tartary buckwheat seeds with distilled water for 3 times, soaking the seeds with 2 wt% sodium chloride solution for 8 hours, washing the seeds with distilled water, and soaking the seeds with pure water for 10 hours to obtain treated seeds;
sowing: sowing seeds in a germination disc, wherein a filter paper layer, a gauze layer I, a grid mesh disc I, a gauze layer II and a grid mesh disc II are sequentially arranged in the germination disc from top to bottom; grid meshes are arranged on the grid mesh plate I and the grid mesh plate II; the filter paper layer is punched to form a through hole, and the tip of the treated seed is vertically sown in the through holePerforming the following steps; the filter paper layer is 1 layer of filter paper, the gauze layer I is 1 layer of gauze, and the gauze layer II is 1-5 layers of gauze; the respective seeding density value of each germination disk is 4800 grains/m2Treated seeds; sowing seeds with the row spacing of 1.0cm multiplied by 1.5 cm;
and (3) management after sowing: the method comprises the following steps of illumination management, humidity management, temperature management and nutrition management;
illumination management: after 3d of dark culture, the cells were irradiated with light at 200. mu. mol-2s-1Culturing with light under the condition of 14-17 h/d of illumination period;
temperature management: the temperature is 20 +/-5 ℃; humidity management: humidity 70% ± 5% RH;
and (3) nutrition management: culturing for 3 days by pure water, culturing by nutrient solution, adding the nutrient solution every 5 days, and replacing the nutrient solution for 1 time every 14 days, wherein the water level line of the pure water culture and the nutrient solution culture covers the treated seeds 1/2;
the dark culture process adopts water culture, and the light culture process adopts nutrient solution culture.
The first experimental scheme is as follows: the nutrient solution consists of 0.23g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.2g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.375g/L of potash fertilizer, and the balance of water;
the second experimental scheme is as follows: the nutrient solution consists of 0.23g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.4g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.375g/L of potash fertilizer, and the balance of water;
the third experimental scheme is as follows: the nutrient solution consists of 0.125g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.3g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.25g/L of potash fertilizer, and the balance of water;
the fourth experimental scheme is as follows: the nutrient solution consists of 0.125g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.2g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.375g/L of potash fertilizer, and the balance of water;
(2) control protocol:
comparison scheme one: the only differences from protocol one-protocol four are that:
and (3) sowing: sowing the treated seeds in an indoor pot, wherein culture soil is filled in the pot;
and (3) management after sowing: including light management, humidity management and temperature management;
illumination management: after 3d of dark culture, the cells were irradiated with light at an intensity of 200. mu.molm-2s-1Culturing with light under the condition of 14-17 h/d of illumination period;
humidity management: humidity 70% ± 5% RH;
temperature management: the temperature is 20 ℃. + -. 5 ℃.
Control scheme two: the only differences from protocol one-protocol four are that:
and (3) sowing: sowing the treated seeds in an outdoor field; adopts the seeding density of 4800 grains/m2Sowing with the row spacing of 1.0cm multiplied by 1.5 cm;
and (3) management after sowing: including light management, humidity management and temperature management;
illumination management: after 3d of dark culture, the cells were irradiated with light at 200. mu. mol-2s-1Culturing with light under the condition of 14-17 h/d of illumination period;
humidity management: humidity 70% ± 5% RH;
temperature management: the temperature is 20 ℃. + -. 5 ℃.
3. Measurement and results: the growth indexes (leaf area, leaf number and fresh weight of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable) and the related quality (total flavone, rutin, quercetin, chlorophyll and soluble protein) of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable are harvested and measured after light culture for 15-18d, and the results are shown in table 4, table 5, figure 9 (different schemes affect the leaf area and the leaf number of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable), figure 10 (different schemes affect the fresh weight of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable), figure 11 (different schemes show the content of quercetin in the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable), figure 12 (different schemes show the content of rutin in the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable), figure 13 (different schemes show the content of chlorophyll in the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable), figure 14 (different schemes show the content of soluble protein in the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable), and figure 15 (different schemes show the content of total flavone in the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable).
Table 4 tartary buckwheat sprout growth index table with different cultivation schemes
TABLE 5 influence of different cultivation schemes on the growth quality of Fagopyrum tataricum sprout
The requirement of the sprouting vegetable on nutrients is increased along with the increase of the growth time, the influence of nitrogen on the growth and development of the plant is very obvious, and when the nitrogen is sufficient, the plant can synthesize more protein and promote the division and the increase of cells, so that the leaf area of the plant can be increased. Phosphorus can promote the formation and growth of early roots, improve the capability of plants to adapt to external environmental conditions, help the plants to resist severe cold in winter, and properly use high-concentration phosphate fertilizer to promote the roots. Potassium is a main nutrient element of plants, has higher distribution amount in organs and tissues with active metabolism of the plants, has the functions of ensuring smooth progress of various metabolic processes, promoting the growth of the plants, enhancing the disease and pest resistance and lodging resistance and the like, and can improve the weight of the plants by using the potassium fertilizer. The proper concentration of the nutrient solution is beneficial to promoting the growth of the root system and increasing the surface area of the root system, but the nutrient solution with higher concentration provides sufficient nutrients and has certain stress inhibition effect on the growth of the root system.
The soilless culture method of the invention determines the concentration ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer according to early-stage preliminary experiments, and designs 4 groups of experimental schemes for culture. By adjusting the ratio of nutrient solutions of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer with different concentrations, after the culture under the determined management conditions is carried out for corresponding days, the yield and the quality are compared with those of indoor soil-culture potted sprouting vegetables and sprouting vegetables in outdoor fields, and the optimum technical reference is provided for the nutrient ratio and the management conditions of high quality and high yield of soilless culture and high flavone.
The soilless culture method provided by the invention is adopted to culture tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables by adjusting the nutrient solution proportion of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer with different concentrations, and the preferred scheme is as follows: 0.23g/L of nitrogen fertilizer; 0.2g/L of phosphate fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer has the best concentration ratio of 0.375g/L, and the growth indexes of the sprouting vegetables are freshThe weight of the leaf reaches 40.12g/100 plants, the number of the leaves reaches 630 pieces/100 plants, and the area of the leaf reaches 491.7cm2The tablets per 100 have obvious influence compared with other schemes, and the proper high-concentration nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer can increase the area of the leaves and improve the yield of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables.
The nutrient solution is favorable for promoting the accumulation of total flavonoids in the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetables, increasing photosynthetic products and improving the contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein.
The quality of the sprouting vegetable cultivated by the nutrient solution in the scheme I is the most excellent. The first experimental scheme has obvious effect of improving the content of total flavonoids in the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable, the content of the total flavonoids is 73.49mg/g, and the content of the total flavonoids is increased by 29.56% compared with that of the tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable planted in the second outdoor field.
Therefore, the soilless culture method can improve the nutrient quality indexes of chlorophyll, soluble protein, total flavone, rutin, quercetin and the like of the tartary buckwheat sprout vegetable.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A soilless culture method of tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps:
seed treatment: carrying out disinfection treatment and soaking treatment on the tartary buckwheat seeds to obtain treated seeds;
sowing: sowing the treated seeds with a sowing density of 4800-6100 grains/m2；
And (3) management after sowing: including lighting management and nutrition management;
the illumination management includes: dark culture is carried out firstly, then light culture is carried out, and the illumination intensity is 200-250 mu mol m in the light culture process-2s-1；
The nutrition management comprises: culturing by adopting a nutrient solution after water culture, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: 0.125-0.23 g/L of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0.25-0.375 g/L of potash fertilizer.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the seed treatment process specifically comprises: washing the tartary buckwheat seeds in sequence, soaking the tartary buckwheat seeds in disinfectant, and then soaking the tartary buckwheat seeds in water to obtain treated seeds; the total time of soaking in the disinfectant and soaking in water is more than or equal to 15 h.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the sowing process specifically comprises: a filter paper layer, a gauze layer I, a grid net disc I, a gauze layer II and a grid net disc II are sequentially arranged in the germination disc from top to bottom; grid meshes are arranged on the grid mesh plate I and the grid mesh plate II; and punching the filter paper layer to form through holes, and sowing the treated seeds in the through holes.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the post-seeding management further comprises: humidity management, humidity management does: the humidity is 65-75% RH.
5. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the post-seeding management further comprises: temperature management, the temperature management is: the temperature is 15-25 ℃.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the light management specifically comprises: culturing in dark place for 2-4 days, and irradiating with light at an intensity of 200-250 μmol m-2s-1And culturing with light under the condition of a light period of 14-17 h/d.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises 0.125-0.23 g/L of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 g/L of phosphate fertilizer, 0.25-0.375 g/L of potassium fertilizer and the balance of water.
8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient management specifically comprises: and (3) culturing for 2-4 days by adopting water, then culturing by adopting a nutrient solution, adding the nutrient solution every 3-5 days, and replacing the nutrient solution every 7-14 days for 1 time.
9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient management specifically comprises: the nutrition management process specifically comprises: the water and nutrient level line is covering the treated seed 1/2.
10. A tartary buckwheat sprouting vegetable characterized by being cultivated by the cultivation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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