WO2021208214A1 - Light regulation method for multi-layer planting system - Google Patents

Light regulation method for multi-layer planting system Download PDF

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WO2021208214A1
WO2021208214A1 PCT/CN2020/094645 CN2020094645W WO2021208214A1 WO 2021208214 A1 WO2021208214 A1 WO 2021208214A1 CN 2020094645 W CN2020094645 W CN 2020094645W WO 2021208214 A1 WO2021208214 A1 WO 2021208214A1
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light
layer
proportion
plant
adjusting
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Chinese (zh)
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李阳
陈艺群
马健
罗梅秀
杨玉凯
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福建省中科生物股份有限公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of plant lighting, in particular to a light control method for a multi-layer planting system.
  • Vertical planting is an advanced production system that uses multi-layer three-dimensional planting equipment to combine environmental factors such as light, temperature, nutrient solution, carbon dioxide concentration and other environmental factors. It is often used in solar glass greenhouses and all-artificial light plant factories, which can significantly increase the unit
  • the yield of target plants by area is an emerging technology of agricultural industrialization.
  • a multi-layer cultivation system application number 2016112203415
  • a greenhouse seedling multi-layer seedbed application number 2016206408076
  • hydroponic unit and system application number 201680001402.0
  • the basic structural framework or specific equipment plan for multi-layer planting is proposed to provide a plan for the construction of a vertical planting production system, but no record is given for the actual plant planting effect.
  • the prominent limiting factor is: the inhomogeneity of the spatial environmental temperature field, especially in the vertical direction, causes the temperature of the planting layer at different heights to be different, which seriously affects the yield, morphology and quality of plants.
  • the air conditioning and ventilation system is used to control the speed and volume of the cold and hot airflow, and carefully organize the airflow path, to reduce the unevenness of the temperature field as much as possible, but different layer heights
  • the plant growth difference is very obvious, and at the same time, the construction cost is greatly increased, and the technology is difficult to promote.
  • the inhomogeneity of the spatial environment temperature field causes the temperature of the planting layers at different heights to be different. Taking the southern common glass greenhouse as an example, the five-layer cultivation system with a total shelf of 2 meters high has the largest difference in temperature between the bottom planting area and the top planting area. -7°C.
  • the seedlings are prone to grow elongated when the temperature is higher, and the seedlings grow slowly in a lower temperature environment, resulting in greater differences in the leaf area, biomass, and strong seedling index of seedlings in different layers.
  • Light is not only the raw material for crop photosynthesis, but also the final energy and signal substance that regulates crop morphogenesis, physiological metabolism, photoperiod and other life activities.
  • the solution of the present invention studies the synergistic and antagonistic effects of light and temperature in plant growth and development.
  • a light regulation technology for solving the differential growth of plants caused by the unevenness of the temperature field in a multi-layer vertical cultivation system.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a light control method for a multi-layer planting system, which aims at the difference in high temperature of different layers and improves the difference in temperature due to the difference in light quality.
  • a light regulation method for multi-layer planting system In the multi-layer plant planting system, according to the difference of layer and layer environment temperature, different composition spectrums are set to irradiate plants, so as to realize the regulation of plant yield, morphology, and metabolites. Improve the consistency and pass rate of product quality.
  • the environmental temperature in the planting layers of different heights is tested, and the effects of different temperatures on the growth and development of the target plants are obtained through theoretical analysis and actual experiments, and further by setting different planting layers
  • the energy distribution of blue light (400-499nm), yellow-green light (500-599nm), and red light (600-780nm) in the spectrum of plant lamps can realize the regulation of plant yield, morphology, and metabolites, and improve the consistency and pass rate of product quality .
  • the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) photons is 13-26%
  • the proportion of red light (600-780nm) photons is 61-69%.
  • the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) photons is 13-18%, and the proportion of red light (700-780nm) photons is 2-16%
  • the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) photons is 21-100%, and the proportion of red light (600-710nm) photons is 0-56%.
  • the supplementary light intensity of different layers can be the same or different.
  • the invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned light control method in a solar glass greenhouse or an all-artificial light plant factory.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the method of the present invention is applied in vertical agricultural production. According to the temperature difference of each layer of planting area, different spectral distributions are set to improve the phenomenon of large differences in plant growth conditions caused by temperature differences, and realize the yield of plant products Consistency with quality, and at the same time increase the qualification rate of products per unit area;
  • the solution of the present invention is a low-cost and cost-effective solution for solving the unevenness of the spatial environment temperature field.
  • the traditional air conditioning and ventilation system has high construction cost, high energy consumption cost, and high subsequent maintenance cost.
  • Figure 1 shows a multi-layer planting system.
  • a light regulation method for multi-layer cultivation of leafy vegetables in an all-artificial light plant factory includes the following steps:
  • the EC of the nutrient solution is controlled between 1.5-1.8 mS/cm and the pH is 6.0-7.0.
  • the temperature of the nutrient solution is controlled at 21 °C during the whole planting period, the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6 mg/L, and the environmental temperature is set in the environmental control system The conditions are 21°C during the day and 18°C at night, and the air humidity is 60-70%.
  • the temperature of each layer is shown in Table 1. Obviously the temperature of each layer is not the same.
  • the difference between the first layer and the fifth layer in the same time period can be up to 3.5°C; set the light environment of each layer, and the light quality:
  • the fifth and fourth layers are G1, the third and second layers are: G2, and the first layer is: G3.
  • the light intensity is 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, and the photoperiod is 10h/d.
  • the light source adopts LED lights, and the G1-G3 spectral distribution is shown in Table 1:
  • the light environment of the control group 1 is set as follows: the light quality G1 is adopted from the first layer to the fifth layer, the light intensity is 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, and the photoperiod is 10 h/d. Planted for 20 days, harvested and tested for yield and vitamin C content, as shown in Table 3 below:
  • a light control method for multi-layer cultivation of edible flowers in an all-artificial light plant factory includes the following steps:
  • the temperature of each layer is as shown in Table 4.
  • the difference between the first layer and the fifth layer in the same time period can be up to 3.9°C.
  • the fifth and fourth layers are light quality M1
  • the third layer is light quality M2
  • the second and first layers are light quality M3
  • the light intensity is 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s
  • the light The cycle is 12h/d
  • the light source adopts LED lamp
  • the M1-M3 spectral distribution is shown in Table 4.
  • the light environment of the control group 2 from the first layer to the fifth layer adopts the light quality M1
  • the light intensity is 250 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s
  • the photoperiod is 12 h/d.
  • the light quality composition can be adjusted by changing the photon ratio of blue light (400-499nm), yellow-green light (500-599nm) and red light (600-780nm), which can effectively resist the upper and lower temperature difference. Bring a huge difference in the amount of flowers, and improve the amount and regularity of flowers.
  • a light control method for multi-layer cultivation of sweet pepper in an all-artificial light plant factory includes the following steps:
  • Sowing and raising seedlings Soak the seeds of Jinhuaxing sweet pepper in warm water at 55°C for 10 minutes, then soak the seeds in clear water for 8 hours, and then sow them in a sponge box, 1 seed per hole, and then put them in a 30°C germination box After the seeds are exposed to white, they are moved to the artificial light source for seedling management.
  • the nutrient solution has an EC value of 0.8-1.2mS/cm and a pH of 6.0-7.0, until 4-5 true leaves are cultivated.
  • the temperature of each layer is as shown in Table 6.
  • the difference between the first layer and the third layer in the same time period can be up to 4.5°C.
  • the third layer is light quality N1
  • the second layer is light quality N2
  • the first layer is light quality N3
  • the light intensity is 500 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s
  • the light period is 13h/d
  • the light source is LED Lamp
  • N1-N3 spectral distribution is shown in Table 6.
  • the light environment of the control group 3 from the first layer to the third layer all adopts the light quality N1
  • the light intensity is 500 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s
  • the photoperiod is 13 h/d.
  • a light regulation method for multi-layer cultivation of cucumber seedlings in a solar glass greenhouse includes the following steps:
  • the first layer is S1
  • the second layer is S2
  • the third layer is: S3
  • the fourth layer is: S4
  • the fifth layer is: S5.
  • the light intensity is 200 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s
  • the light supplement period of b is 12h/d.
  • the light source adopts LED lights, and the S1-S5 spectral distribution is shown in Table 1:
  • the lighting environment of the control group 1 is set as follows: from the first layer to the fifth layer, the light quality S5 is used, and the light intensity is 200 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s and the supplement light period is 12 h/d.
  • the growth index is measured, and the strong seedling index is calculated, as shown in Table 3 below:

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Hydroponics (AREA)

Abstract

A light regulation method for a multi-layer planting system. Light spectra consisting of different compositions are set in accordance with environmental temperature differences among layers in the multilayer planting system for irradiating plants, thereby realizing regulation of plant yield, shape and metabolites, and increasing the quality consistency of products and yield of products.

Description

一种用于多层种植***的光调控方法A light control method for multi-layer planting system 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及植物照明技术领域，具体涉及一种用于多层种植***的光调控方法。The invention relates to the technical field of plant lighting, in particular to a light control method for a multi-layer planting system.
背景技术Background technique
垂直种植是采用多层立体种植设备，将光、温度、营养液、二氧化碳浓度等环境因子***结合起来形成的先进生产***，常用于太阳光玻璃温室和全人工光植物工厂中，可以显著提高单位面积的目标植物的产量，是一项农业工业化的新兴技术。现有技术中有公开的专利《一种多层栽培***》(申请号2016112203415)，《一种温室育苗多层苗床》(申请号2016206408076)，《水培单元和***》(申请号201680001402.0)等提出多层种植的基本结构框架或具体的设备方案，为垂直种植生产***的建设提供方案，但对于其实际植物种植效果并没有给出任何记载。在当前的垂直种植生产***上，突出的限制因子是：空间环境温度场的不均匀性，特别是在垂直方向上，导致不同高度种植层的温度不同，严重影响植物的产量、形态和品质。目前针对这种空间环境温度场的不均匀性虽然通过空调通风***，控制冷热气流的出风速度、出风量、精心组织气流的路径，尽可能降低温度场的不均匀性，但是不同层高的植物生长差异性非常明显，同时极大提高建造成本，技术难以推广。Vertical planting is an advanced production system that uses multi-layer three-dimensional planting equipment to combine environmental factors such as light, temperature, nutrient solution, carbon dioxide concentration and other environmental factors. It is often used in solar glass greenhouses and all-artificial light plant factories, which can significantly increase the unit The yield of target plants by area is an emerging technology of agricultural industrialization. In the prior art, there are published patents "a multi-layer cultivation system" (application number 2016112203415), "a greenhouse seedling multi-layer seedbed" (application number 2016206408076), "hydroponic unit and system" (application number 201680001402.0), etc. The basic structural framework or specific equipment plan for multi-layer planting is proposed to provide a plan for the construction of a vertical planting production system, but no record is given for the actual plant planting effect. In the current vertical planting production system, the prominent limiting factor is: the inhomogeneity of the spatial environmental temperature field, especially in the vertical direction, causes the temperature of the planting layer at different heights to be different, which seriously affects the yield, morphology and quality of plants. At present, in view of the unevenness of the temperature field in this space environment, although the air conditioning and ventilation system is used to control the speed and volume of the cold and hot airflow, and carefully organize the airflow path, to reduce the unevenness of the temperature field as much as possible, but different layer heights The plant growth difference is very obvious, and at the same time, the construction cost is greatly increased, and the technology is difficult to promote.
温度是影响植物正常生长发育的另一个重要的环境因子。通常对具体的某种植物都有一个最适宜的生长温度范围，在最适宜的温度范围内植物才能更好地正常生长发育，温度高于最髙点或低于最低点，植物都会受到胁迫而不能正常生长，或停止生长，并出现伤害。空间环境温度场的不均匀性导致不同高度种植层的温度不同，以南方普通玻璃温室为例，总层架2米高的5层栽培***，其底层种植区和顶层种植区温度最大差异在3-7℃。在相同的生长时间内，光照及其他生长环境一致时，温度较高时幼苗容易出现徒长，温度较低的环境中幼苗生长缓慢，导致不同层的幼苗叶面积、生物量、壮苗指数差异较大，质量层次不齐，降低成品苗的合格率，影响育苗的质量及出苗时间，导致产能不能达到预定的目标；在全人工光植物工厂的垂直栽培***中，在总层高2.5米的6层栽培***中，最底层和最高层的种植区最大差异在3-5℃.Temperature is another important environmental factor that affects the normal growth and development of plants. Generally, there is an optimal growth temperature range for a specific plant. Only within the optimal temperature range can the plant grow and develop normally. If the temperature is higher than the highest point or lower than the lowest point, the plant will be stressed. Unable to grow normally, or stop growing, and damage occurs. The inhomogeneity of the spatial environment temperature field causes the temperature of the planting layers at different heights to be different. Taking the southern common glass greenhouse as an example, the five-layer cultivation system with a total shelf of 2 meters high has the largest difference in temperature between the bottom planting area and the top planting area. -7°C. During the same growth period, when the light and other growth environments are the same, the seedlings are prone to grow elongated when the temperature is higher, and the seedlings grow slowly in a lower temperature environment, resulting in greater differences in the leaf area, biomass, and strong seedling index of seedlings in different layers. Large, uneven quality levels, reducing the qualified rate of finished seedlings, affecting the quality of seedlings and the time of emergence, resulting in the production capacity not reaching the predetermined target; in the vertical cultivation system of the all-artificial light plant factory, the total height of 2.5 meters In the 6-layer cultivation system, the biggest difference between the bottom and the highest cultivation area is 3-5℃.
光不仅是作物光合作用的原料，也是调节作物形态建成、生理代谢及光周期等生命活动的最终能源与信号物质，本发明方案通过研究光与温度在植物生长发育中的协同和拮抗作用，提出一种解决多层垂直栽培***中温度场不均匀性导致植物差异化生长的光调控技术。Light is not only the raw material for crop photosynthesis, but also the final energy and signal substance that regulates crop morphogenesis, physiological metabolism, photoperiod and other life activities. The solution of the present invention studies the synergistic and antagonistic effects of light and temperature in plant growth and development. A light regulation technology for solving the differential growth of plants caused by the unevenness of the temperature field in a multi-layer vertical cultivation system.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对上述现有技术的不足，本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种多层种植***的光调控方法，其针对不同层高温度的差异性，通过光质的差异化设置，改善由于温度差异性导致的植物生长状态的差异较大现象，实现植物产品质量的一致性，同时提高单位面积产品合格率。In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a light control method for a multi-layer planting system, which aims at the difference in high temperature of different layers and improves the difference in temperature due to the difference in light quality. The phenomenon of large differences in plant growth status caused by sex, to achieve the consistency of plant product quality, and at the same time increase the qualification rate of products per unit area.
本发明采取的具体技术方案是：The specific technical scheme adopted by the present invention is:
一种用于多层种植***的光调控方法，在多层植物种植***中针对层与层环境温度的差异性设置不同组成的光谱对植物进行照射，实现植物产量、形态、代谢物质的调控，提高产品品质的一致性和合格率。A light regulation method for multi-layer planting system. In the multi-layer plant planting system, according to the difference of layer and layer environment temperature, different composition spectrums are set to irradiate plants, so as to realize the regulation of plant yield, morphology, and metabolites. Improve the consistency and pass rate of product quality.
进一步地，在进行植物栽培时，首先在光照周期期间，测试不同高度种植层内的环境温度，通过理论分析和实际试验得到不同温度下对目标植物的生长发育的影响，进一步通过设置不同种植层中植物灯光谱中蓝光(400-499nm)、黄绿光(500-599nm)、红光(600-780nm)的能量分布，实现植物产量、形态、代谢物质的调控，提高产品品质的一致性和合格率。Furthermore, when planting plants, firstly during the photoperiod, the environmental temperature in the planting layers of different heights is tested, and the effects of different temperatures on the growth and development of the target plants are obtained through theoretical analysis and actual experiments, and further by setting different planting layers The energy distribution of blue light (400-499nm), yellow-green light (500-599nm), and red light (600-780nm) in the spectrum of plant lamps can realize the regulation of plant yield, morphology, and metabolites, and improve the consistency and pass rate of product quality .
进一步地，在调控叶菜品质时，主要通过调整蓝光(400-499nm)占比实现；或，在调控花卉花量时，主要通过调整蓝光(400-499nm)和红光(600-780nm)占比实现；或，在调控甜椒产量时，主要通过调整蓝光(400-499nm)和红光(700-780nm)占比实现；或，在调控幼苗形态时，主要通过调整蓝光(400-499nm)和红光(600-710nm)占比实现。Furthermore, when adjusting the quality of leafy vegetables, it is mainly achieved by adjusting the proportion of blue light (400-499nm); or, when adjusting the amount of flowers, mainly by adjusting the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) and red light (600-780nm). Or, when adjusting the yield of sweet pepper, mainly by adjusting the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) and red light (700-780nm); or, when adjusting the morphology of seedlings, mainly by adjusting the blue light (400-499nm) And red light (600-710nm) accounted for the realization.
更进一步地，在调控叶菜品质时，蓝光(400-499nm)光子占比为13-27％；Furthermore, when regulating the quality of leafy vegetables, the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) photons is 13-27%;
更进一步地，在调控花卉花量时，蓝光(400-499nm)光子占比为13-26％，红光(600-780nm)光子占比为61-69％。Furthermore, when adjusting the amount of flowers, the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) photons is 13-26%, and the proportion of red light (600-780nm) photons is 61-69%.
更进一步地，在调控甜椒产量时，蓝光(400-499nm)光子占比为13-18％，红光(700-780nm)光子占比为2-16％Furthermore, when regulating the yield of sweet peppers, the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) photons is 13-18%, and the proportion of red light (700-780nm) photons is 2-16%
更进一步地，在调控幼苗形态时，蓝光(400-499nm)光子占比为21-100％，红光(600-710nm)光子占比为0-56％。Furthermore, when regulating the morphology of seedlings, the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) photons is 21-100%, and the proportion of red light (600-710nm) photons is 0-56%.
进一步地，不同层补光强度可以相同或不同。Further, the supplementary light intensity of different layers can be the same or different.
本发明还提供了上述光调控方法在太阳光玻璃温室中或全人工光植物工厂中的应用。The invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned light control method in a solar glass greenhouse or an all-artificial light plant factory.
与现有技术相比较，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.本发明方法应用在垂直农业生产中，根据每层种植区的温度差异性，设置不同的光谱分布，改善由于温度差异性导致的植物生长状态的差异较大的现象，实现植物产品的产量和品质的一致性，同时提高单位面积产品合格率；1. The method of the present invention is applied in vertical agricultural production. According to the temperature difference of each layer of planting area, different spectral distributions are set to improve the phenomenon of large differences in plant growth conditions caused by temperature differences, and realize the yield of plant products Consistency with quality, and at the same time increase the qualification rate of products per unit area;
2.本发明方案是解决空间环境温度场不均匀性的低成本、高性价比方案，传统的空调通风***，建造成本高，能耗成本高，后期维护成本高。2. The solution of the present invention is a low-cost and cost-effective solution for solving the unevenness of the spatial environment temperature field. The traditional air conditioning and ventilation system has high construction cost, high energy consumption cost, and high subsequent maintenance cost.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为显示为多层种植***。Figure 1 shows a multi-layer planting system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步地详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此，在不脱离本发明上述技术思想情况下，根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段，做出各种替换和变更，均应包括在本发明的范围内。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the examples, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this. Without departing from the above technical ideas of the present invention, various substitutions and changes can be made based on common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field. , Should be included in the scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
一种在全人工光植物工厂中，叶菜多层栽培的光调控方法，包括如下步骤：A light regulation method for multi-layer cultivation of leafy vegetables in an all-artificial light plant factory includes the following steps:
(1)播种和育苗：将紫美生菜种子浸种后，播到海绵方块中，每穴1粒，后放到23℃催芽箱中进行催芽，待种子露白后，移到水培营养液中进行育苗管理，营养液EC值为0.8-1.2mS/cm，pH为6.0-7.0，直至培育到4-5片真叶。(2)栽培：挑选整齐一致的幼苗移栽定植到定植板上，定植行间距15cm×20cm，并放到5层栽培架上进行培养，每层生长空间高度32cm,采用营养液膜栽培技术，营养液EC控制在1.5-1.8 mS/cm之间，pH为6.0-7.0，同时整个定植期间，营养液温度控制在21℃，溶氧量为5-6mg/L，环控***中设置环境温度条件为白天21℃，夜间为18℃，空气湿度为60-70％。(1) Sowing and raising seedlings: After soaking the seeds of purple lettuce, sown them in a sponge cube, 1 per hole, and then put them in a germination box at 23°C for accelerating germination. After the seeds are white, they will be transferred to the hydroponic nutrient solution. For seedling management, the nutrient solution has an EC value of 0.8-1.2mS/cm and a pH of 6.0-7.0, until 4-5 true leaves are cultivated. (2) Cultivation: Select neat and consistent seedlings to transplant and plant on the planting plate, planting row spacing of 15cm×20cm, and place them on 5-layer cultivation racks for cultivation. The height of each layer's growth space is 32cm. The nutrient liquid film cultivation technology is adopted. The EC of the nutrient solution is controlled between 1.5-1.8 mS/cm and the pH is 6.0-7.0. At the same time, the temperature of the nutrient solution is controlled at 21 ℃ during the whole planting period, the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6 mg/L, and the environmental temperature is set in the environmental control system The conditions are 21°C during the day and 18°C at night, and the air humidity is 60-70%.
(3)测试光照周期内，各层温度如表1所示，显然各层温度不尽相同，第一层与第五层同一时间段最高可相差3.5℃；设置各层光环境，光质：第五层和第四层为G1,第三层和第二层为：G2，第一层为：G3。光照强度250μmol/m 2·s,光周期10h/d。光源采用LED灯，G1-G3光谱分布如表1所示： (3) During the test light cycle, the temperature of each layer is shown in Table 1. Obviously the temperature of each layer is not the same. The difference between the first layer and the fifth layer in the same time period can be up to 3.5℃; set the light environment of each layer, and the light quality: The fifth and fourth layers are G1, the third and second layers are: G2, and the first layer is: G3. The light intensity is 250μmol/m 2 ·s, and the photoperiod is 10h/d. The light source adopts LED lights, and the G1-G3 spectral distribution is shown in Table 1:
表1Table 1
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000001
(4)定植20d，采收并测试产量和维生素C含量，如下表5所示：(4) Planting for 20 days, harvest and test the yield and vitamin C content, as shown in Table 5 below:
表2Table 2
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000002
对照组1光环境设置如下：从第一层到第五层全部采用光质G1，光照强度250μmol/m 2·s，光周期10h/d。定植20d，采收并测试产量和维生素C含量，如下表3所示： The light environment of the control group 1 is set as follows: the light quality G1 is adopted from the first layer to the fifth layer, the light intensity is 250 μmol/m 2 ·s, and the photoperiod is 10 h/d. Planted for 20 days, harvested and tested for yield and vitamin C content, as shown in Table 3 below:
表3table 3
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000003
由表2和表3对比可知，通过改变蓝光(400-499nm)、黄绿光(500-599nm)与红光(600-780nm)的光子之比调整光质组成，可有效抵抗上下温差带来维生素C含量的巨大差异，提高蔬菜维生素C含量，提升产品合格率。From the comparison of Table 2 and Table 3, it can be seen that by changing the photon ratio of blue light (400-499nm), yellow-green light (500-599nm) and red light (600-780nm) to adjust the light quality composition, it can effectively resist the upper and lower temperature difference that brings vitamin C. The huge difference in content will increase the vitamin C content of vegetables and increase the product qualification rate.
实施例2Example 2
一种在全人工光植物工厂中，食用花卉多层栽培的光调控方法，包括如下步骤：A light control method for multi-layer cultivation of edible flowers in an all-artificial light plant factory includes the following steps:
(1)播种和育苗：将三色堇种子浸种4h后，播到海绵方块中，每穴1粒，后放到23℃催芽箱中进行催芽，待种子露白后，移到水培营养液中进行育苗管理，营养液EC值为0.8-1.2mS/cm，pH为6.0-7.0，直至培育到4-5片真叶。(1) Sowing and raising seedlings: After soaking the pansy seeds for 4 hours, sow them in a sponge square, 1 seed per hole, and then put them in a germination box at 23°C for germination. After the seeds become white, they will be transferred to the hydroponic nutrient solution Carry out nursery management, nutrient solution EC value is 0.8-1.2mS/cm, pH is 6.0-7.0, until 4-5 true leaves are cultivated.
(2)栽培：挑选整齐一致的幼苗移栽定植到定植板上，定植行间距15cm×20cm，并放到5层栽培架上进行培养，每层生长空间高度35cm，采用营养液膜栽培技术，营养液EC控制在1.5-1.8mS/cm之间，pH为6.0-7.0，同时整个定植期间，营养液温度控制在21℃，溶氧量为5-6mg/L，空气湿度为60-70％。(2) Cultivation: Select neat and consistent seedlings to transplant and plant them on the planting plate, with the planting row spacing 15cm×20cm, and place them on the 5-layer cultivation rack for cultivation. The height of each layer is 35cm. The nutrient liquid film cultivation technology is adopted. The EC of the nutrient solution is controlled between 1.5-1.8mS/cm and the pH is 6.0-7.0. At the same time, the temperature of the nutrient solution is controlled at 21°C, the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6mg/L, and the air humidity is 60-70% during the whole planting period. .
(3)测试光照周期内，各层温度如表4所示，第一层与第五层同一时间段最高可相差3.9℃。设置试验组各层光环境，第五层和第四层为光质M1，第三层为光质M2，第二层和第一层为光质M3，光照强度250μmol/m 2·s，光周期12h/d，光源采用LED灯，M1-M3光谱分布如表4所示。对照组2光环境从第一层到第五层全部采用光质M1，光照强度250μmol/m 2·s，光周期12h/d。 (3) During the test light cycle, the temperature of each layer is as shown in Table 4. The difference between the first layer and the fifth layer in the same time period can be up to 3.9°C. Set the light environment of each layer of the test group, the fifth and fourth layers are light quality M1, the third layer is light quality M2, the second and first layers are light quality M3, the light intensity is 250μmol/m 2 ·s, the light The cycle is 12h/d, the light source adopts LED lamp, and the M1-M3 spectral distribution is shown in Table 4. The light environment of the control group 2 from the first layer to the fifth layer adopts the light quality M1, the light intensity is 250 μmol/m 2 ·s, and the photoperiod is 12 h/d.
表4Table 4
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000005
(4)定植40d，统计各处理花量数据，如下表所示：(4) After 40 days of planting, statistics of the amount of flowers in each treatment, as shown in the following table:
表5table 5
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000006
由表5试验组和对照组花量数据可知，通过改变蓝光(400-499nm)、黄绿光(500-599nm)与红光(600-780nm)的光子之比调整光质组成，可有效抵抗上下温差带来花量的巨大差异，提高花卉开花量和整齐度。According to the flower volume data of the experimental group and the control group in Table 5, the light quality composition can be adjusted by changing the photon ratio of blue light (400-499nm), yellow-green light (500-599nm) and red light (600-780nm), which can effectively resist the upper and lower temperature difference. Bring a huge difference in the amount of flowers, and improve the amount and regularity of flowers.
实施例3Example 3
一种在全人工光植物工厂中，甜椒多层栽培的光调控方法，包括如下步骤：A light control method for multi-layer cultivation of sweet pepper in an all-artificial light plant factory includes the following steps:
(1)播种和育苗：将金华星甜椒种子进行55℃温水中温汤浸种10min，后置于清水中浸种8h，后播到海绵方块中，每穴1粒，后放到30℃催芽箱中进行催芽，待种子露白后，移到人工光源下进行育苗管理，营养液EC值为0.8-1.2mS/cm，pH为6.0-7.0，直至培育到4-5片真叶。(1) Sowing and raising seedlings: Soak the seeds of Jinhuaxing sweet pepper in warm water at 55°C for 10 minutes, then soak the seeds in clear water for 8 hours, and then sow them in a sponge box, 1 seed per hole, and then put them in a 30°C germination box After the seeds are exposed to white, they are moved to the artificial light source for seedling management. The nutrient solution has an EC value of 0.8-1.2mS/cm and a pH of 6.0-7.0, until 4-5 true leaves are cultivated.
(2)栽培：挑选整齐一致的幼苗移栽定植到定植板上，定植行间距30cm×40cm，并放到3层栽培架上进行培养，每层生长空间高度100cm，采用营养液膜栽培技术，营养液EC控制在2.0-2.5mS/cm之间，pH为6.0-7.0，同时整个定植期间，营养液温度控制在21℃，溶氧量为5-6mg/L，空气湿度为60-70％。(2) Cultivation: Select neat and consistent seedlings to transplant and plant on the planting plate, planting row spacing 30cm×40cm, and put them on a 3-layer cultivation rack for cultivation, each layer of growth space height is 100cm, using nutrient liquid film cultivation technology, The EC of the nutrient solution is controlled between 2.0-2.5mS/cm and the pH is 6.0-7.0. At the same time, the temperature of the nutrient solution is controlled at 21℃, the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6mg/L, and the air humidity is 60-70% during the whole planting period. .
(3)测试光照周期内，各层温度如表6所示，第一层与第三层同一时间段最高可相差4.5℃。设置试验组各层光环境，第三层为光质N1，第二层为光质N2，第一层为光质N3，光照强度500μmol/m 2·s，光周期13h/d，光源采用LED灯，N1-N3光谱分布如表6所示。对照组3光环境从第一层到第三层全部采用光质N1，光照强度500μmol/m 2·s，光周期13h/d。 (3) During the test light cycle, the temperature of each layer is as shown in Table 6. The difference between the first layer and the third layer in the same time period can be up to 4.5°C. Set the light environment of each layer of the test group, the third layer is light quality N1, the second layer is light quality N2, the first layer is light quality N3, the light intensity is 500μmol/m 2 ·s, the light period is 13h/d, the light source is LED Lamp, N1-N3 spectral distribution is shown in Table 6. The light environment of the control group 3 from the first layer to the third layer all adopts the light quality N1, the light intensity is 500 μmol/m 2 ·s, and the photoperiod is 13 h/d.
表6Table 6
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000007
(4)定植80d，统计各处理甜椒产量数据，如下表所示：(4) Planting for 80 days, and count the output data of sweet peppers in each treatment, as shown in the following table:
表7Table 7
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000008
表8Table 8
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000009
由表7和表8可知，通过改变蓝光(400-499nm)、黄绿光(500-599nm)与红光(600-780nm)的光子之比调整光质组成，可有效抵抗上下温差带来甜椒产量的差异， 提高甜椒产量和减少畸形果率，提高甜椒商品合格率。It can be seen from Table 7 and Table 8 that by changing the photon ratio of blue light (400-499nm), yellow-green light (500-599nm) and red light (600-780nm) to adjust the light quality composition, it can effectively resist the temperature difference between the upper and lower temperature and bring about the yield of sweet pepper. Increase the yield of sweet peppers and reduce the rate of deformed fruits, and increase the qualified rate of sweet peppers.
实施例4Example 4
一种在太阳光玻璃温室中，黄瓜育苗的多层栽培的光调控方法，包括如下步骤：A light regulation method for multi-layer cultivation of cucumber seedlings in a solar glass greenhouse includes the following steps:
(1)将草炭：蛭石＝2:1的基质装入72孔的穴盘中，并吸满水，将经过RO水浸泡6小时的黄瓜种子播于穴盘中，每穴一粒，播种深度为1cm，覆土，放于育苗层架的各层，各层层高35cm,在基质含水量在50％时再浇透水，在黄瓜子叶展开和一叶一心时分别浇两次营养液(EC为1.5-1.8ms/cm之间，pH为6.0-7.0)，其他时间都为清水。(1) Put the peat: vermiculite=2:1 matrix into a 72-hole plug tray, and soak it with water, sow the cucumber seeds that have been soaked in RO water for 6 hours in the plug tray, one seed per hole, sowing The depth is 1cm, covered with soil, and placed on each layer of the nursery shelf, each layer is 35cm high, and then watered thoroughly when the substrate water content is 50%, and the nutrient solution (EC Between 1.5-1.8ms/cm, pH 6.0-7.0), all other times are clean water.
(2)测试每一层温度和湿度变化规律各层同一时间各层温度不尽相同，第一层与第五层同一时间段最高可相差5.7℃，各层温度场不同，并测试自然光下各层的光照强度；(2) Test the change law of temperature and humidity of each layer. The temperature of each layer is different at the same time. The difference between the first layer and the fifth layer can be up to 5.7℃ in the same time period. The temperature field of each layer is different, and each layer is tested under natural light. The light intensity of the layer;
(3)设置补光光环境，光质：第一层为S1，第二层为S2,第三层为：S3，第四层为：S4，第五层为：S5。光照强度200μmol/㎡·s,b补光周期12h/d。光源采用LED灯，S1-S5光谱分布如表1所示：(3) Set the supplemental light environment, light quality: the first layer is S1, the second layer is S2, the third layer is: S3, the fourth layer is: S4, and the fifth layer is: S5. The light intensity is 200μmol/㎡·s, and the light supplement period of b is 12h/d. The light source adopts LED lights, and the S1-S5 spectral distribution is shown in Table 1:
表9Table 9
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000010
(4)待幼苗长至两叶一心时测定生长指标，并计算壮苗指数，如下表2所示：(4) Measure the growth index when the seedling grows to two leaves and one heart, and calculate the strong seedling index, as shown in Table 2 below:
表10Table 10
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000012
对照组1补光光环境设置如下：从第一层到第五层全部采用光质S5，光照强度200μmol/㎡·s补光周期12h/d。待幼苗长至两叶一心时测定生长指标，并计算壮苗指数，如下表3所示：The lighting environment of the control group 1 is set as follows: from the first layer to the fifth layer, the light quality S5 is used, and the light intensity is 200 μmol/㎡·s and the supplement light period is 12 h/d. When the seedlings grow to two leaves and one heart, the growth index is measured, and the strong seedling index is calculated, as shown in Table 3 below:
表11Table 11
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2020094645-appb-000013
壮苗指标[壮苗指数＝(茎粗/株高+地下部干重/地上部干重)*全株干重]。Strong seedling index [Strong seedling index=(stem thickness/plant height+underground dry weight/overground dry weight)*whole plant dry weight].
由表9和表10对比可知，通过改变蓝光(400-499nm)与红光(600-710nm)的光子之比调整光质组成，可有效抵抗上下温差带来的问题，使得黄瓜幼苗壮苗指数高，出苗质量均匀。From the comparison of Table 9 and Table 10, it can be seen that by changing the photon ratio of blue light (400-499nm) and red light (600-710nm) to adjust the light quality composition, the problem caused by the upper and lower temperature difference can be effectively resisted, so that the cucumber seedlings have a strong seedling index High, uniform emergence quality.
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他 变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者终端设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括……”或“包含……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备中还存在另外的要素。此外，在本文中，“大于”、“小于”、“超过”等理解为不包括本数；“以上”、“以下”、“以内”等理解为包括本数。It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply one of these entities or operations. There is any such actual relationship or order between. Moreover, the terms "including", "including" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes those elements that are not explicitly listed. Other elements listed, or also include elements inherent to this process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including..." or "including..." do not exclude the existence of other elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes the elements. In addition, in this article, "greater than", "less than", "exceeding", etc. are understood to not include the number; "above", "below", "within", etc., are understood to include the number.
尽管已经对上述各实施例进行了描述，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改，所以以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利保护范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围之内。Although the foregoing embodiments have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they learn the basic creative concept. Therefore, the foregoing is only the implementation of the present invention. For example, this does not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the content of the description and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in this same principle. The invention is within the scope of patent protection.

Claims (9)

  1. 一种用于多层种植***的光调控方法，其特征在于，在多层植物种植***中针对层与层环境温度的差异性设置不同组成的光谱对植物进行照射，实现植物产量、形态、代谢物质的调控，提高产品品质的一致性和合格率。A light regulation method for a multi-layer planting system, which is characterized in that in the multi-layer plant planting system, a spectrum of different compositions is set to irradiate the plants according to the difference in the temperature of the layer and the layer, so as to realize the plant yield, morphology, and metabolism. The regulation of substances improves the consistency and pass rate of product quality.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在进行植物栽培时，通过设置不同种植层中植物灯光谱中蓝光(400-499nm)、黄绿光(500-599nm)、红光(600-780nm)的能量分布，实现植物产量、形态、代谢物质的调控，提高产品品质的一致性和合格率。The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, during plant cultivation, the blue light (400-499nm), yellow-green light (500-599nm) and red light (600-780nm) in the spectrum of plant lights in different planting layers are set. The energy distribution of the plant can realize the regulation of plant yield, form and metabolites, and improve the consistency and pass rate of product quality.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，在调控叶菜品质时，主要通过调整蓝光(400-499nm)占比实现；或，在调控花卉花量时，主要通过调整蓝光(400-499nm)和红光(600-780nm)占比实现；或，在调控甜椒产量时，主要通过调整蓝光(400-499nm)和红光(700-780nm)占比实现；或，在调控幼苗形态时，主要通过调整蓝光(400-499nm)和红光(600-710nm)占比实现。The method according to claim 2, wherein when adjusting the quality of leafy vegetables, it is mainly achieved by adjusting the proportion of blue light (400-499nm); or, when adjusting the amount of flowers, mainly by adjusting the blue light (400-499nm). ) And red light (600-780nm); or, when regulating the yield of sweet peppers, mainly by adjusting the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) and red light (700-780nm); or, when regulating the morphology of seedlings , Mainly by adjusting the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) and red light (600-710nm).
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在调控叶菜品质时，蓝光(400-499nm)光子占比为13-27％；The method according to claim 3, wherein when adjusting the quality of leaf vegetables, the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) photons is 13-27%;
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在调控花卉花量时，蓝光(400-499nm)光子占比为13-26％，红光(600-780nm)光子占比为61-69％。The method according to claim 3, wherein when adjusting the amount of flowers, the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) photons is 13-26%, and the proportion of red light (600-780nm) photons is 61-69% .
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在调控甜椒产量时，蓝光(400-499nm)光子占比为13-18％，红光(700-780nm)光子占比为2-16％The method according to claim 3, wherein when regulating the yield of sweet peppers, the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) photons is 13-18%, and the proportion of red light (700-780nm) photons is 2-16%
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在调控幼苗形态时，蓝光(400-499nm)光子占比为21-100％，红光(600-710nm)光子占比为0-56％。The method according to claim 3, wherein when the morphology of the seedling is adjusted, the proportion of blue light (400-499nm) photons is 21-100%, and the proportion of red light (600-710nm) photons is 0-56%.
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，不同层补光强度可以相同或不同。The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the intensities of supplementary light in different layers can be the same or different.
  9. 权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法在太阳光玻璃温室中或全人工光植物工厂中的应用。The application of the method of any one of claims 1-7 in a solar glass greenhouse or an all-artificial light plant factory.
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