CN103891452A - Fiveleaf akebia fruit planting and germinating method - Google Patents
Fiveleaf akebia fruit planting and germinating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103891452A CN103891452A CN201210576158.4A CN201210576158A CN103891452A CN 103891452 A CN103891452 A CN 103891452A CN 201210576158 A CN201210576158 A CN 201210576158A CN 103891452 A CN103891452 A CN 103891452A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plant seed germinating method, and concretely relates to a fiveleaf akebia fruit planting and germinating method. The method comprises the following steps: choosing mature seeds of fiveleaf akebia fruit, and placing the mature seeds on a solid culturing matrix; controlling the ambient temperature in a range of 20-30DEG C, carrying out periodic illumination under an illumination intensity of 2000-3000lx for 8-14h/d, and culturing for 15-35d until white buds are exposed and radicles can be seen to obtain fiveleaf akebia fruit seedlings; and placing the fiveleaf akebia fruit seedlings on a solid culturing medium with the water content of 23-42%, controlling the ambient temperature in a range of 20-30DEG C, and carrying out periodic illumination in order to make the seedlings continuously grow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of plant seed, specifically, relate to the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU.
Background technology
YANGKAIKOU has another name called Xiao tomonea, quick-fried tooth youth etc., is the dry root of Melastomateae plants exhibition hair tomonea (Melastoma normale D.Don), and its root is used as medicine, slightly warm in nature, and taste is sweet, sour, puckery; Have stopping diarrhea with astringents, astringing to arrest bleeding, liver, promoting diuresis for stranguria, the effect such as anticancer that relieves internal heat of relaxing of regulating the flow of vital energy, be conventional Chinese medicine among the people.For indigestion, enteritis, diarrhea, dysentery, menorrhalgia, leukorrhea, metrorrhagia, postpartum abdominal pain, infirmities and diseases, toothache, traumatic injury, the sore disease such as fester.It is mainly distributed in the ground such as the Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan, Fujian, Hainan, Tibet of China.The bulk drug of YANGKAIKOU is all by purchase natural crude drugs, but the distribution of its wild resource is scattered, day by day poor, and the artificial planting of carrying out YANGKAIKOU is the effective measures of protection YANGKAIKOU germ plasm resource.At present, the research of YANGKAIKOU is mainly concentrated on to the aspects such as pharmacognosy, chemical composition, pharmacology, and YANGKAIKOU Germination Characteristics be have not been reported.
The implantation methods of YANGKAIKOU seed of the present invention is studied, and by the control of many-sided condition, thereby proposes a kind of YANGKAIKOU seed method for planting, thereby provides new approach for YANGKAIKOU seminal propagation and introduction and acclimatization.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is to propose a kind of plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU.
In order to realize object of the present invention, the technical scheme of employing is:
A kind of plantation rudiment method that the present invention relates to YANGKAIKOU, comprises the following steps:
(1) select the mature seed of YANGKAIKOU, being placed in water content is on 23～45% solid culture matrix;
(2) temperature that controls environment is 20～30 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, cultivate 15～35 days, taking seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, radicle exposes as sprouting standard, obtains YANGKAIKOU seedling;
(3) YANGKAIKOU seedling being placed in to water content is that on 23～42% solid culture medium, the temperature that controls environment is 20～30 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, makes its continued growth.
The first optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: ripe seed is the seed in reddish fruit in YANGKAIKOU fruit season crack, pericarp green grass or young crops.
The second optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: the water content of described YANGKAIKOU seed is 6～7%, is preferably 6.57%.
The 3rd optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: the described YANGKAIKOU seed storage time is less than 1 year, is preferably less than 9 months, more preferably adopts and broadcasts.
The 4th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in step (1) and step (3), it is the garden mould of 3:1 and the mixture of pig manure that described solid culture matrix is selected from perlite, seedling medium, garden mould, sand or volume ratio; Preferred garden mould in step (1), preferred seedling medium or garden mould in step (3).
The 5th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: described solid culture matrix was the solid culture matrix after 20 order dusting covers.
The 6th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in step (1), the water content of described solid culture matrix is 28～36%, preferably 33～35%; In step (3), the water content of described solid culture matrix is 23%～33%, preferably 28%～32%.
The 7th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in step (2) and step (3), described environmental temperature is 25～30 DEG C, and preferably 30 DEG C.
The 8th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in step (2), the intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination is 2500～3000lx, 10～14 hours/day; Preferably 3000lx, 12 hours/day; In step (3), the intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination is 2500～3000lx, 10～14 hours/day; Preferably 3000lx, 12 hours/day.
The 9th optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: be spring the season of the plantation of described YANGKAIKOU seed.
Wherein, the garden mould in the present invention claims again vegetable garden soil, rural area soil, is common cultivating soil, and because of often fertilising farming, fertility is higher, and granular structure is good, is one of primary raw material of preparation compost.
The solid culture matrix adopting in the present invention is perlite, seedling medium, garden mould or sand;
Wherein, perlite: PH=6, is 100% pure inorganic cultivation matrix;
Seedling medium: PH=6, content of organic matter 70wt%, N, P, K >=4%, be the general spring board seedling medium that Nanning Pu Tianrun biological organic fertilizer Co., Ltd produces, operative norm DB37/T1142-2008;
Sand: PH=5.8 main component is silica, organic and N, P, K are 0;
Garden mould: PH=5.8, organic 2.70wt%, full nitrogen 0.17wt%, full phosphorus 0.12wt%, full potassium 0.58wt%;
Garden mould+pig manure: PH=5.8, nitrogen 0.15wt%, phosphorus 0.13wt%, potassium 0.55wt%.
YANGKAIKOU seed under the condition of 30 DEG C of constant temperature germination rate and germination vigor best, germination rate refers to test seed sprouting number and accounts for the percentage of test seed sum.Germination vigor refers to test speed of germination and the regularity of seed, and its expression way is to calculate seed to start from germinateing to test the percentage of seed sum to the chitting piece number point in peak period of germinateing.YANGKAIKOU seed is higher than dark condition germination rate in periodicity illumination (intensity of illumination is 3000lx, 12h/d), in moisture 33% garden mould, germination rate is the highest, earthing germination rate is not apparently higher than the germination rate of earthing, and YANGKAIKOU seed does not have resting stage, can adopt and broadcast.Because YANGKAIKOU seed is tiny, after sprouting, in the planting process of seedling, also adopt the not implantation methods of earthing, the growth of guarantee seedling.
Below technical scheme of the present invention is made further explanation.
To be that spermatophyte is peculiar prolong storage official to seed, and high quality seed is the necessary condition that improves output, and the primary condition of high quality seed is exactly to have higher vitality, can under the state of field, sprout rapidly, the high and healthy and strong seedling of formation regularity.Seed germination needs sufficient moisture, suitable temperature, and sufficient oxygen and suitable illumination, but because of the difference of habitat and kind, the Main Factors that affects seed germination is variant again.Seed germination (seed germination) is that the embryo of seed becomes physiology active state from relative static conditions, and grows up to the process of the seedling of battalion's autotrophy life.The present invention is studied the sprouting of YANGKAIKOU seed, YANGKAIKOU is a kind of wild traditional Chinese medicine, there is very strong medical value, and also do not have at present a report about YANGKAIKOU artificial culture, and YANGKAIKOU seed is tiny, natural conditions are difficult to sprout, thereby the present invention has done systematic research to the sprouting condition of YANGKAIKOU.
This result of the test shows: YANGKAIKOU seed germination does not have resting stage, after gathering, can sow, and its optimal harvest time is 5～July.Applicable temperature, illumination, moisture, seeding method and the sowing time is the key factor that affects YANGKAIKOU germination rate.
(1) YANGKAIKOU seed 25 ~ 30 DEG C, periodically under illumination condition, slightly higher other temperature when 30 DEG C of constant temperature, percentage of seedgermination and germination index are all higher and without significant difference.Periodically under 30 DEG C of constant temperatures of illumination, the germination rate of seed is best.When higher than 35 DEG C or be all unfavorable for seed germination during lower than 15 DEG C.
(2) different substrates has different physics and chemical property, and it also has different difference on permeable, permeability and water retention property, therefore, can produce different impacts to seed germination.Sowing media is more remarkable on the sprouting impact of YANGKAIKOU seed, the most applicable YANGKAIKOU seed germination of garden mould, and in garden mould, YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination is high, germinates neat, and the germination rate of seed and germination vigor are significantly higher than other matrix.
(3) still higher to the moisture requirement in soil when YANGKAIKOU seed germination.In certain moisture, Seed imbibition is fast, germinates also fast.In moisture 23 ~ 45% garden mould, the first grain seed germinating time of YANGKAIKOU shortens gradually with the rising of moisture, and moisture is higher, and seed germination required time is longer, and germination rate is also along with moisture raises and attenuating gradually.
(4) generally speaking, surface is comparatively dry, and humidity increases with the increase of the degree of depth, if sowing is too shallow, seed can cannot be sprouted because of topsoil drought and water shortage, even or sprout also Yin Zhagen difficulty and can not surviving of seedling; If sow too deeply, because the excessive oxygen deficiency of soil moisture, cause sprouting more difficult, postpone and being unearthed, and emergence rate is low.YANGKAIKOU seed is more tiny, and YANGKAIKOU sowing does not need earthing, and along with the intensification of sowing depth, emergence rate also obviously reduces.
(5) at storage time in the experiment of the impact on YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination, the germination rate of adopting the YANGKAIKOU seed of broadcasting is the highest, and the germination rate of YANGKAIKOU seed also reduces gradually along with the increase of storage time.
(6) stage of spermatophyte Germination And Seedling is that spermatophyte lives stage of most fragile in each stage, and temperature, moisture are on Seedling Stage impact greatly.25 DEG C of YANGKAIKOU growth of seedling of constant temperature are best, are applicable to YANGKAIKOU growth of seedling at moisture 23%～33% garden mould, and moisture 28% garden mould growing way is best.
(7) nutrient that seedling growth needs, the nutrient difference that different seedling growths need.Seedling medium and garden mould are all applicable to YANGKAIKOU growth of seedling, but see that from economic worth garden mould is more economical.
(8) be all things on earth recovery, energetic season spring, is the crucial time of a Fast Growth for nursery stock, and YANGKAIKOU is no exception, identical number of days, spring seeding and seedling raising YANGKAIKOU seedling growth far above the YANGKAIKOU seedling bringing out other seasons.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1: the influence curve of temperature to percentage of seedgermination;
Fig. 2: the influence curve of temperature to potentiality of seed;
Fig. 3: the influence curve of illumination to seed sprouting;
Fig. 4: the influence curve of different germination matrix to YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination and germination vigor;
Fig. 5: the influence curve of moisture to YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination;
Fig. 6: the influence curve of different germination earthing to YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination;
Fig. 7: the influence curve of storage time to YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination.
The specific embodiment of the present invention only limits to further explain and explanation the present invention, not to Composition of contents restriction of the present invention.
Embodiment
The implantation methods of embodiment 1 YANGKAIKOU seed
(1) select the mature seed of YANGKAIKOU, being placed in water content is on 35% solid culture matrix; Ripe seed is the seed in reddish fruit in YANGKAIKOU fruit season crack, pericarp green grass or young crops, and the water content of YANGKAIKOU seed is 6.57%; Described YANGKAIKOU seed adopted and broadcast, and be spring sowing season; Described solid culture matrix was the garden mould after 20 order dusting covers;
(2) temperature that controls environment is 30 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, cultivate 15～35 days, taking seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, radicle exposes as sprouting standard, obtains YANGKAIKOU seedling; The intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination is 3000lx, 12 hours/day;
(3) YANGKAIKOU seedling being placed in to water content is that on 32% seedling medium, the temperature that controls environment is 30 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, makes its continued growth; The intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination is 3000lx, 12 hours/day.
Growth of seedling is all right, grows seedlings and cultivates after 120 days, grows to 13.10cm high, has 6 pairs of true leaves.
The implantation methods of embodiment 2 YANGKAIKOU seeds
(1) select the mature seed of YANGKAIKOU, being placed in water content is on 28% solid culture matrix; Ripe seed is the seed in reddish fruit in YANGKAIKOU fruit season crack, pericarp green grass or young crops, and the water content of YANGKAIKOU seed is 6.57%; Described YANGKAIKOU seed adopted and broadcast, and be spring sowing season; Described solid culture matrix was the garden mould after 20 order dusting covers;
(2) temperature that controls environment is 28 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, cultivate 15～35 days, taking seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, radicle exposes as sprouting standard, obtains YANGKAIKOU seedling; The intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination is 3000lx, 12 hours/day;
(3) YANGKAIKOU seedling being placed in to water content is that on 30% garden mould, the temperature that controls environment is 28 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, makes its continued growth.The intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination is 3000lx, 12 hours/day.
Growth of seedling is all right, grows seedlings and cultivates after 120 days, grows to 13.52cm high, has 7 pairs of true leaves.
The implantation methods of embodiment 3 YANGKAIKOU seeds
(1) select the mature seed of YANGKAIKOU, being placed in water content is on 25% solid culture matrix; Ripe seed is the seed in reddish fruit in YANGKAIKOU fruit season crack, pericarp green grass or young crops, and the water content of YANGKAIKOU seed is 6.57%; 9 months described YANGKAIKOU seed storage time, be spring sowing season; Described solid culture matrix was the garden mould after 20 order dusting covers;
(2) temperature that controls environment is 25 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, cultivate 15～35 days, taking seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, radicle exposes as sprouting standard, obtains YANGKAIKOU seedling; The intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination is 3000lx, 12 hours/day;
(3) YANGKAIKOU seedling being placed in to water content is that on 25% garden mould, the temperature that controls environment is 28 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, makes its continued growth.The intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination is 3000lx, 12 hours/day.
Growth of seedling is all right, grows seedlings and cultivates after 120 days, grows to 13.31cm high, has 6 pairs of true leaves.
Experimental example 1
1. material
Test YANGKAIKOU seed used picks up from the Wild plant on border, the hillside in Yan Shan suburb, hazard prevention mature seed (taking fruit season crack as degree) in July, 2011, be accredited as the seed of the exhibition hair tomonea (YANGKAIKOU) of Melastomataceae through Guangxi Plant Inst.'s systematicalian.While gathering, its fruit is dried in the shade naturally, take out seed with seal packed seal up for safekeeping for subsequent use.Tested 1～February in 2012 and carry out in LRH-250-G illumination box (Guangdong Medical Apparatus and Instruments Factory's production).
2. observation and the mensuration of fruit and seed morphology index
Observe and record color and the form of fruit and seed.Random 20 fruits and the part seed of taking out, with fruit size, length, width and the thickness of slide measure mensuration mature and plump; Electronic balance with 0.0001 is weighed respectively (g) to every part of sample, repeats 3 times.
For data, MicrosoftExcel2003, SPSS18.0 software are made one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), carry out multiple ratio by Duncan method, heterogeneity of variance, adopt Tamhane ' s T2 to compare; Be figure with Excel2003, apply the reasonability of positive and negative standard deviation check data.
The YANGKAIKOU fruit phase is in 5 months, in the last ten-days period～7 month, the last ten-days period, fruit is that capsule urceolus is spherical, hairiness, top is truncate.When ripe in pericarp green grass or young crops redly, season crack, inside has 5 lobe pulp, containing juice, seed is attached on pulp.How darkly aubergine or have faint yellow of mature sarcocarp.Long 1.10 ~ the 1.60cm of fruit drying in the shade, mean value is (1.33 ± 0.18) cm; Diameter 0.95 ~ 1.40cm, mean value is (1.10 ± 0.15) cm; Long 1.1 ~ the 1.7c of carpopodium, mean value is (1.42 ± 0.23) cm; Thick 0.18 ~ the 0.28cm of carpopodium, mean value is (0.23 ± 0.03) cm; Fruit annesl but while not splitting single fruit weight 0.43 ~ 1.17g mean value be (0.77 ± 0.20) cm.Single fruit weight 1.52 ~ 5.18g after splitting, mean value is (2.26 ± 1.07) g, the long 1.35 ~ 2.1cm of fruit, mean value is (1.65 ± 0.27) cm; Diameter 1.60 ~ 2.60cm, mean value is (1.98 ± 0.41) cm; In each fruit, have 430 ~ 1600 seeds, mean value is (1196 ± 360.28) grain.
The nearly palm fibre white of YANGKAIKOU seed, thousand kernel weight is (0.060 ± 0.001) g.
Experimental example 2: the mensuration of seed moisture content
The seed of getting in embodiment 1 carries out moisture determination:
1. method
Clean measuring cup is placed in the insulating box of 105 DEG C, to dry after 4h and takes out with crucible, is placed in the drier that activated silica gel is housed and is cooled to after room temperature (28 ~ 38 DEG C), and (W) weighs on analytical balance.Seed to be measured is packed in the measuring cup of known weight and add a cover, on analytical balance, accurately take its weight, obtain the gross weight (W of bottle and fresh weight
1), open bottle cap, the thermostatic drying chamber that is placed in (105 ± 2) DEG C dries 17h, puts into the drier that activated silica gel is housed be cooled to room temperature with crucible after taking out, and the gross weight (W of bottle and dry-eye disease weighs to obtain
2).Seed moisture content calculates as basis taking dry weight:
Seed moisture content=(W
1-W)/(W
2-W) × 100%.
2. data analysis processing method is with embodiment 1, and the water content of the seed measuring is 6.57%.
Experimental example 3 seed sprouting experiments
Choose at random physically well develop, the seed of complete form puts into culture dish, every group of 100 seeds, repeat 3 times, judge that the standard of seed germination is: seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and are considered as sprouting, and observe and record germination seed number every day.Taking germination rate and germination vigor as index, in the time that chitting piece number peaks, calculate germination vigor, germinate latter stage continuous 10d germinate grain number average not enough for plant experimentally son sum 1.00% time calculate final germination rate.Germination rate and germination vigor computing formula are as follows
Germination rate (the %)=normal chitting piece grain number/total grain of seed number × 100% of participating in the experiment
Normal chitting piece grain number when germination vigor (%)=normally the arrive peak/total grain of seed number × 100% of participating in the experiment
1.1 temperature
Experiment is set to 2 kinds of constant temperature and alternating temperatures, totally 9 processing, and each processing repeats 3 times.Constant temperature is respectively 15 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C, 35 DEG C 5 processing; Alternating temperature is daytime/night: 20 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C), 25 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C), 30 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C), 35 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) 4 processing.Seed is placed in to bottom and is lined with the glass germination box of germination paper, and keep germination paper moistening, be placed in artificial incubator and sprout, the relatively impact for the treatment of of different temperature on YANGKAIKOU seed germination.
1.2 illumination
Illumination is set to periodically illumination and 2 kinds of full dark, and intensity of illumination is 3000lx, 12h/d, and Germination Temperature is respectively 20,25,30,35 DEG C.Seed is placed in to bottom and is lined with the glass germination box of germination paper, and keep germination paper moistening, be placed in artificial incubator and sprout, compare under identical Temperature Treatment the impact of intensity of illumination on YANGKAIKOU seed germination.
1.3 matrix
Choose perlite, seedling medium, garden mould (surface layer loess in place), garden mould+pig manure (3:1), husky 5 kinds of different matrix as germination matrix, be 3000lx, 12h/d in periodicity illumination, temperature is to cultivate in 30 DEG C of constant incubators, studies the impact that different germination matrix is germinateed on YANGKAIKOU.
1.4 moisture
It is to sow in 17%, 23%, 28%, 33%, 38%, 45% garden mould that seed is placed on respectively to moisture ratio, being placed on periodically illumination is 3000lx, 12h/d, temperature is to cultivate in the constant incubator of 30 DEG C, the relatively impact of different in moisture content on YANGKAIKOU seed germination.
1.5 earthing
In garden mould, adopt not earthing, earthing 0.05mm, earthing 0.1mm, earthing 0.3mm, earthing 0.5mm, the different earthing situations of earthing 0.8mm6 kind and do respectively that perlite, seedling medium, garden mould cover, garden mould+pig manure (3:1), 5 kinds of matrix of sand cover original matrix 0.5mm, experiment is 3000lx, 12h/d in periodicity illumination, and temperature is to cultivate in the constant incubator of 30 DEG C.Research impact on YANGKAIKOU germination rate in different earthing conditions.(above matrix is all crossed 20 order dusting covers.）
1.6 storage time
After within 2011, gathering, start to sow once in each season August, and experiment is carried out in glass room, and with the flowerpot of diameter 25cm, seedling medium adopts garden mould.Observe the impact of storage time on YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination.
2. data analysis processing:
For data, MicrosoftExcel2003, SPSS18.0 software are made one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), carry out multiple ratio by Duncan method, heterogeneity of variance, adopt Tamhane ' s T2 to compare; Be figure with Excel2003,
Apply the reasonability of positive and negative standard deviation check data.
2.1 constant temperature processing
Under 12h illumination condition, different temperature is different on the impact of the speed of YANGKAIKOU seed sprouting and germination rate.Within the 8th day in the time of 30 DEG C, just start to germinate, germination rate reaches 64.0%; Within 25 DEG C time the 13rd day, start to germinate, germination rate is 62.0%; Within 35 DEG C time the 12nd day, start to germinate, germination rate is 12.7%; 20 DEG C time, the 20th talent starts to germinate, and germination rate is 26.7%; When temperature is not sprouted during at 15 DEG C.As can be seen here, under 15 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions of constant temperature, the first grain seed germinating time of YANGKAIKOU shortens gradually with the rising of temperature, temperature is higher, seed germination required time is shorter, and germination rate is also along with temperature raises and raise gradually, but while being elevated to 35 DEG C with temperature, germination rate declines on the contrary, specifically as shown in Figure 1.
Different temperatures is also larger on the regularity impact of seed germination.In the time of 30 DEG C, germination vigor is best, reaches 48.0%, is significantly higher than the germination vigor of other temperature; Next is 25 DEG C, 36.0%; Be again 20 DEG C, 15.3%; And the germination vigor of 35 DEG C is only 6.0%; The poorest is 15 DEG C, is 0.Therefore, the optimal temperature of seed sprouting is 30 DEG C.Variance analysis shows, the germination rate no significant difference at 25,30 DEG C, but be significantly higher than (Duncan inspection, p < 0.05) 15,20,35 DEG C.Fig. 2 is the affect figure of temperature on potentiality of seed.
The impact of 2.2 treatment of different temperature on YANGKAIKOU seed germination
Under periodicity illumination condition, different constant temperature and alternating temperature are processed also has Different Effects to YANGKAIKOU seed sprouting with speed germination rate.Can find out that by watch 1,2 seed germinates when 30 DEG C of constant temperature the fastest, germination rate and germination vigor are also the highest.
Germination rate is followed successively by 30 DEG C of 25 DEG C of > of 30 DEG C of > constant temperature of constant temperature/25 DEG C of (10 ± 5 DEG C) >/20 DEG C=35 DEG C of (10 ± 5 DEG C) > constant temperature/20 DEG C of (10 ± 5 DEG C) >/35 DEG C of (10 ± 5 DEG C) > constant temperature.
Germination vigor is followed successively by 20 DEG C of 35 DEG C of > of 30 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > constant temperature of 20 DEG C of > of 25 DEG C of 25 DEG C of > of 30 DEG C of > constant temperature of constant temperature/35 DEG C of (10 ± 5 DEG C) >/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > constant temperature/(10 ± 5 DEG C).
First grain seed germinating time from fast to slow be 20 DEG C of 25 DEG C/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > of 20 DEG C of > of 35 DEG C of 25 DEG C of > of 30 DEG C of > constant temperature of constant temperature/30 DEG C of (10 ± 5 DEG C) >/(10 ± 5 DEG C) > constant temperature/(10 ± 5 DEG C).
Visible, seed under the condition of 30 DEG C of constant temperature germination rate and germination vigor best, be also best suited for one of condition of YANGKAIKOU seed germination.
Table 1: the impact of constant temperature on seed sprouting
Table 2: the impact of alternating temperature on seed sprouting
The impact of 2.3 illumination on YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination
Speed and the germination rate of different intensities of illumination on YANGKAIKOU seed germination has different impacts.As seen from Figure 3: seed is under 30 DEG C of constant temperatures in periodicity illumination, temperature, the 8th day seed starts to sprout, and germination rate is best, reaches 64.0%; Secondly be under periodically illumination, 25 DEG C of constant temperature, the 13rd day seed starts to sprout, and germination rate reaches 62.0%; And be only also 30.0% when 25 DEG C of best processing of germination rate under dark condition; The poorest processing is dark 35 DEG C, and within the 15th day, seed just starts sprouting, germination rate only 1.0%.Periodically illumination all has significant impact (P<0.05) to YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination, and its germination rate is significantly higher than the germination rate of YANGKAIKOU seed under full dark condition.In a word, YANGKAIKOU seed all can be sprouted under periodicity illumination and dark condition, but can shorten germinating time under periodicity illumination, obviously improves percentage of seedgermination, and visible ray is very significant according to the impact of the sprouting on seed.
The impact of 2.4 sowing medias on YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination and germination vigor
30 DEG C, periodically under illumination condition, the physical property of different soil all has significant impact (P<0.05) to YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination and germination vigor, sees Fig. 4.Wherein, garden mould 7d seed starts to germinate, and emergence rate is the highest, is 50%, and germination vigor is 20.0%, and speed of germination is the fastest; In perlite, 10d starts to germinate, and emergence rate is 33.3%, and germination vigor is 13.7%; In sand, 9d starts to germinate, and emergence rate is 30.7%, and germination vigor is 9.0%; In garden mould+pig manure, 8d starts to germinate, and emergence rate is only 22.7%, and germination vigor is 7.0%; And 9d starts to germinate in seedling medium, germination rate is only 14%, and germination vigor is only 5.7%.Visible, the most applicable its seed germination of garden mould, first grain seed germination shortest time, germinates neat, and germination rate and germination vigor are also significantly higher than other matrix.The germination rate of seedling medium and germination vigor are the poorest.
The impact of 2.5 moisture on YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination
As seen from Figure 5, in the time that garden mould water content is 33% and 28%, YANGKAIKOU just starts to germinate on the 8th day, and chitting piece number and germination rate be respectively 3/53.3%, 1/56%.Within when water content is 23% the 9th day, germinate, germination rate is 57%; Water content is within 38% 16th days, to start to germinate, and germination rate is 53.3%; Within when water content is 45% the 18th day, start to germinate, germination rate is 4%; Germination rate when water content is 17% is 0.
Under moisture 23 ~ 45% conditions, in various moisture ratio processing, the first grain seed germinating time of YANGKAIKOU shortens gradually with the rising of moisture as can be seen here; Moisture is higher, and seed germination required time is longer, and germination rate is also along with moisture raises and attenuating gradually.And under moisture 23 ~ 38% conditions, rate variance no significant difference germinates in various moisture ratio processing.
The impact of 2.6 sowing depth on seed sprouting
It is in the garden mould of 0mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm and 0.8mm that YANGKAIKOU seed is broadcast respectively in the degree of depth, also in perlite, seedling medium, garden mould+pig manure (3:1), 4 kinds of matrix of sand, after planting covers former matrix 0.5mm simultaneously.Result shows that different sowing depth all has significant impact (P<0.05) to YANGKAIKOU emergence rate and germination vigor.Wherein, be the i.e. earthing not of 0mm(in garden mould sowing depth) emergence rate the highest, emergence rate is 49.3%, germination vigor is 40%; Sowing depth is 0.05mm's, and emergence rate is 41%, and germination vigor is 30% ± 0.06; Sowing depth is 0.1mm's, and emergence rate is 11%, and germination vigor is 8%; Sowing depth is 0.2mm's, emergence rate 8.7%, and germination vigor is 5.3%; Sowing depth is 1.3% of 0.5mm, and germination vigor is 0.7%; Sowing depth is 0.8mm's, and germination rate and germination vigor are for being 0.Visible, YANGKAIKOU sowing does not need earthing, and seed is along with the intensification of sowing depth, and emergence rate also obviously reduces, as shown in Figure 6.Under different substrates, sowing depth reaches the germination that is showed no of 0.8mm.
The impact of 2.7 storage times on YANGKAIKOU percentage of seedgermination
Different storage time YANGKAIKOU seed all had seed to start to germinate at 8～12 days.As shown in Figure 7, ripe seed is still keeping certain germination rate in storage after 1 year.But the germination rate of adopting germination rate seed after 1 year apparently higher than storage of the YANGKAIKOU seed of broadcasting, the germination rate of YANGKAIKOU seed also reduces gradually along with the increase of storage time.
Embodiment 4: YANGKAIKOU growth of seedling condition experiment
1, under 12h illumination condition, different temperatures has Different Effects to Seedling Height, in table 3.
YANGKAIKOU Seedling Height under 25 DEG C of conditions is the highest, reaches 1.07cm, grows the fastest, and individual plant counterpoise 0.0048 ± 0.0020, can grow 2 pairs of true leaves.Under 30 DEG C of conditions, the growth integral status of YANGKAIKOU seedling is secondly, the poorest under 20 DEG C of conditions.
The impact of table 3 temperature on growth of seedling situation:
| Temperature | Individual plant heavy (g) | Plant height (cm) | True leaf (to) |
| 15 |
0 | 0 | 0 |
| 20℃ | 0.0020±0.0012 | 0.37±0.12 | 1 |
| 25℃ | 0.0048±0.0020 | 1.07±0.40 | 2 |
| 30℃ | 0.0025±0.0007 | 0.53±0.15 | 1 |
| 35 |
0 | 0 | 0 |
2, under 30 DEG C, 12h illumination condition, different substrates has Different Effects to Seedling Height, in table 4.
From the integral status of YANGKAIKOU growth of seedling, matrix is all relatively good with seedling medium and garden mould.Wherein in seedling medium, YANGKAIKOU seedling is the most strong, and in garden mould, YANGKAIKOU Seedling Height is the highest.And the seedling of this matrix treatments of garden mould+pig manure is completely dead in growth 60 days.There is yellowing phenomenon in the seedling of sowing in perlite and husky matrix.
Table 4: the impact of matrix on growth of seedling situation:
| Matrix | Individual plant heavy (g) | Plant height (cm) | True leaf (to) |
| Seedling medium | 0.0132±0.0053 | 1.63±0.15 | 3 |
| Perlite | 0.0017±0.0007 | 0.47±0.15 | 1 |
| Garden mould | 0.0048±0.0010 | 1.77±0.67 | 3 |
| Husky | 0.0035±0.0013 | 0.70±0.10 | 1-2 |
| Garden mould+pig manure | 0.0003±0.0005 | 0.17±0.28 | 1 |
3, under 30 DEG C, 12h illumination condition, different water cut ratio has Different Effects to growth of seedling situation, in table 5.Under moisture 28% condition, YANGKAIKOU seedling is the most strong, plant height is the highest, and individual plant all weighs 0.0087 ± 0.0026, and plant height reaches 1.20cm, long 3 pairs of true leaves.Moisture 23%, 33% a bit weaker, visible YANGKAIKOU seedling is adapted at growing in moisture 23%～33% garden mould.
The impact of table 5 moisture ratio on growth of seedling situation:
| Moisture content (%) | Individual plant heavy (g) | Plant height (cm) | True leaf (to) |
| 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 23 | 0.0067±0.0014 | 1.17±0.15 | 2 |
| 28 | 0.0087±0.0026 | 1.20±0.10 | 3 |
| 33 | 0.0067±0.0011 | 1.17±0.06 | 2 |
| 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4,, in glass room, under same matrix condition, Various Seasonal seeding and seedling raising is very large to the growth effect of seedling.As can be seen from Table 6, be the optimum season of YANGKAIKOU sowing spring, no matter all individual plant weight, plant height, the number of blade, stem all apparently higher than the seedling of YANGKAIKOU in other in season.Winter is due to the lower temperature condition that does not reach seed germination of temperature, so have no seed sprouting.
The impact on growth of seedling situation in table 6 season:
| Season | Individual plant heavy (g) | Plant height cm | True leaf (to) | Ground stem |
| Spring | 1.94±0.70 | 12.67±0.58 | 5-7 couple | 0.25±0.04 |
| Summer | 1.34±0.47 | 8.70±0.31 | 3-5 couple | 0.20±0.02 |
| Autumn | 0.05±0.06 | 1.34±0.69 | 3-5 couple | 0.05±0.02 |
| |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Claims (10)
1. a plantation rudiment method for YANGKAIKOU, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) select the mature seed of YANGKAIKOU, being placed in water content is on 23～45% solid culture matrix;
(2) temperature that controls environment is 20～30 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, cultivates 15～35 days, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally with seed, and radicle exposes for sprouting standard, obtains YANGKAIKOU seedling;
(3) YANGKAIKOU seedling being placed in to water content is that on 23～42% solid culture medium, the temperature that controls environment is 20～30 DEG C, adopts periodically illumination, makes its continued growth.
2. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the seed of described maturation is the seed in reddish fruit in YANGKAIKOU fruit season crack, pericarp green grass or young crops.
3. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the water content of described YANGKAIKOU seed is 6～7%, is preferably 6.57%.
4. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described YANGKAIKOU seed storage time is less than 1 year, is preferably less than 9 months, more preferably adopts and broadcasts.
5. the implantation methods of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1) and step (3), described solid culture matrix is selected from perlite, seedling medium, garden mould or sand; Preferred garden mould in step (1), preferred seedling medium or garden mould in step (3).
6. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described solid culture matrix was the solid culture matrix after 20 order dusting covers.
7. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), the water content of described solid culture matrix is 28～36%, preferably 33～35%; In step (3), the water content of described solid culture matrix is 23%～33%, preferably 28%～32%.
8. the implantation methods of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2) and step (3), described environmental temperature is 25～30 DEG C, and preferably 30 DEG C.
9. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), the intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination is 2500～3000lx, 10～14 hours/day; Preferably 3000lx, 12 hours/day; In step (3), the intensity of illumination of described periodicity illumination is 2500～3000lx, 10～14 hours/day; Preferably 3000lx, 12 hours/day.
10. the plantation rudiment method of YANGKAIKOU according to claim 1, is characterized in that, be spring the season of the plantation of described YANGKAIKOU seed.
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| Title |
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| 唐艳等: "展毛野牡丹组培快繁技术的研究", 《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》, vol. 30, no. 2, 31 March 2010 (2010-03-31), pages 122 - 124 * |
| 杨利平等: "野牡丹属植物种子特征的初步研究", 《植物遗传资源学报》, vol. 9, no. 2, 16 June 2008 (2008-06-16), pages 248 - 252 * |
| 陈妙贤等: "多花野牡丹种子萌发和贮藏特性的研究", 《广东园林》, no. 1, 15 February 2007 (2007-02-15), pages 54 - 57 * |
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| CN111887083A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-11-06 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Method for increasing yield of sheep split root |
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Address after: 541004 No.9, South Renmin Road, Lingui District, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Patentee after: Sanjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guilin Address before: 541004 No. 1 Jinxing Road, Guilin, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Patentee before: Sanjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guilin |