CN103733887A - Grapevine grafting method - Google Patents
Grapevine grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103733887A CN103733887A CN201310726706.1A CN201310726706A CN103733887A CN 103733887 A CN103733887 A CN 103733887A CN 201310726706 A CN201310726706 A CN 201310726706A CN 103733887 A CN103733887 A CN 103733887A
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Abstract
A grapevine grafting method relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. Grape stock selection is the primary consideration for grafting and seedling rearing, different stocks have different adaptations to and different requirements on the environments as well as different rooting condition and different scion affinities, and particularly has different resistances to soil-borne diseases and pests such as phylloxera, nematode and meloidogynosis, therefore, before seedling rearing, the varieties of grape stocks applicable to local needs should be comprehensively considered and selected or local grapevines are selected as the stocks according to the factors of grape developing areas such as soil, climatic conditions, local disease and pest situations and market variety requirements; grafting is performed through a grafting cottage propagation method or a root seedling grafting method, and then post-grafting management should be paid attention to. The grapevine grafting method is simple, easy to practice and operate and capable of achieving a high survival rate, facilitating management, effectively improving the disease resisting capability of the grapevines and increasing the yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit-tree breeding technical field, be specifically related to a kind of grafting method viny.
Background technology
At present, known vine cultivation method is by vine field planting, and field planting after autumn vine is pruned then stayed three to eight strong eyes at its base portion simultaneously, all will prune its trunk and limb every year later, and stay three to eight new eyes.This cultivation method the 5th year to the 10th year needs from field planting, by cultivating accessory branch bar viny, maintain high term, but field planting are after 15 years, too low with regard to essential factor output, eliminate this vine new vine of field planting again again.This is mainly the root system of cultivating while making vine rely on field planting for a long time because of (1) this cultivation method, when field planting after 10 years the main root in root system aging, capillary root from native root more and more away from, cause Root Absorption and carry the fall of nutrient ability in soil increasing, thereby its vintage is failed year by year; (2) this cultivation method makes tree body increase year after year viny, the 5th year tree body of field planting just reaches more than two meters, in order to climb life for it, need continuous built, this had both caused the difficulty on Cultivate administration, again can be long and aging because of tree body, reduce tree body and to vine top, carry the ability of nutrient, and then cause its production declining.So mainly existing, this cultivation method cannot increase plant spacing and the underground root system of renewal on the ground, restive plant length and setting position, Cultivate administration work difficulty is large, can not improve the soil at root system place, easily caused grape quality decline, cannot keep for a long time the full bearing period and make the plant shortcoming of waiting for a long time that do not wane.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method simple, can improve the engrafting and cultivating method viny of vintage and quality.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
A grafting method viny, comprises following method step,
1. the selection of stock
It is the problem that first will consider while carrying out graft seedling growth that grape rootstock is selected, different stocks is to the adaptation of environment and require internally inconsistent, the situation of taking root and also having nothing in common with each other with scion variety grafting affinity situation, especially as also different in the resistance of radicola, nematode, root knot to garden, therefore a situation arises, the factors such as variety type of market demand before growing seedlings, according to grape, to develop regional soil, weather conditions and local damage by disease and insect, consider and select to be applicable to local grape rootstock type, or select local amur grape tree as stock;
Grape rootstock type is optional in order to lower kind:
1) Bei Da (Beta)
Anti-12 ℃ of root, easily cuttage root-taking;
2) northern alcohol (Vviniferax Vgumnf)
Anti-10 ℃ of root, easy cuttage root-taking, affinity 12;
3) No. two, riverbank (VViparia)
Anti-13.4 ℃ of root, easy cuttage root-taking, the multiple affinity of root is strong, anti-root knot;
4) No. two, the mountains and rivers (Vamurensis XVriparia)
Anti-14.8 ℃ of root, easily and cuttage root-taking, affinity is strong for antimycotic anti-radicola;
5）Teleki5A（Vberlandieri?XVriparia）
Anti-8.7 ℃ of root, anti-radicola, alkali tolerance are strong, and anti-root knot is poor;
6）SO4
Moral is selected from 5A, anti-9 ℃ of root, and growing way is strong, anti-radicola humidity Salt And Alkali Tolerance, high resistance root knot, grafting affinity is good, precocity;
2, grafting method
Grafting seedlings-growing method has two kinds:
1) grafting-cuttage breeding: during breeding grafting nursery stock, with shellfish reach, northern alcohol, longan, huge peak etc. easily the kind of cuttage root-taking do stock cutting, and be scion with local life or other improved seeds, doing the branch of scion should grow substantial, ripe good, a bud is cut in scion, bud upper end is stayed 1.5 centimetres, and lower end is stayed 4-6 centimetres; Long 20-25 centimetres of stock cutting, if when stock and scion rugosity are roughly the same, adopt tongue grafting more; If stock is coarser than scion, multiplex cleft graft;
During whip graft, scion base portion is whittled into horse ear shape inclined-plane, inclined-plane is about 3 centimetres, first on inclined-plane, 1/3 place cuts a cutter (avoiding vertical incision) dark 1.5-2.0 centimetres downwards, and then cut sth. askew downwards from bevel top, thereby form two ligulate tangent planes, stock is the same equally cutting also, then both bevels is plugged together together, tongue grafting stock is combined very tight with scion, only need simple colligation after grafting;
Cleft graft is by the two-sided wedge shape that is whittled in scion lower end, and inclined-plane is long 3-5 centimetres, and after the straight snips of stock cutting upper end, from central rip cutting one cutter, dark 3-5 centimetres of otch, then inserts scion in stock joint-cutting, aims at and forms layer, with plastic film or line, rope colligation;
Grafting operation can be carried out indoor, after grafting for grafting mouth is healed very soon, must heat and promote healing processing, generally through 15-20 days interfaces, can heal, stock cutting bottom starts to form new root simultaneously, in order to promote the very fast root of hair of stock cutting, available 50-100 mg/kg (ppm) methyl α-naphthyl acetate soaks stock cutting base portion 12-24 hours, or dip with 300 mg/kg (ppm) high concentration liquid, and then urge root to process, grafting time generally in open country cuttage first about 25 days, after urging root, get final product open country cuttage or greenhouse cuttage, during cuttage, interface is equal with furrow face, after cuttage, note keeping ground moistening, other management methods are identical with general cuttage seeding management,
2) band offspring wood grafting: winter indoor or plant spring before with the biennial stock seedling with root, carry out grafting, also can the then grafting of first field planting rootstock seedling, with tongue grafting or cut-grafting method all can, method is the same;
3, the management after grafting
After grafting, water immediately once permeable, see to do later and water in time, should execute azophoska fertilizer, note uproot weeds, within after connecing 7～10 days, sprout sprouting, young sprout, pumping flower fringe while growing the 3rd leaf, the strong seedling having second colored fringe of pumping again after the 4th to five leaves, to extract in time the colored fringe on seedling, when grafting grows to 20～25 centimetres high, want timely inserted link bondage, prevent wind lodging, to extract in time the tiller bud on root anvil at ordinary times, pinching flat-top when grafting grows 7～8 leaves, pumping sprouting in each axil after pinching, stay a bud of top to extend upward growth, the bud growing under other axils is stayed to leaf pinching (pinching), when the bud branch of top grows 7～8 leaves again, pinching flat-top once again, attention control damage by disease and insect after grafting, every 20 days, spray the foliage fertilizers such as 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, connect and spray 2～3 times, the Plastic Bandage of grafting part should not be removed too early, with after autumn or remove spring next year as well.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the inventive method is simple, be convenient to practical operation, survival rate is high, and convenient management can effectively improve resistance against diseases viny, increases output.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A grafting method viny, comprises following method step,
1. the selection of stock
It is the problem that first will consider while carrying out graft seedling growth that grape rootstock is selected, different stocks is to the adaptation of environment and require internally inconsistent, the situation of taking root and also having nothing in common with each other with scion variety grafting affinity situation, especially as also different in the resistance of radicola, nematode, root knot to garden, therefore a situation arises, the factors such as variety type of market demand before growing seedlings, according to grape, to develop regional soil, weather conditions and local damage by disease and insect, consider and select to be applicable to local grape rootstock type, or select local amur grape tree as stock;
Grape rootstock type is optional in order to lower kind:
1) Bei Da (Beta)
Anti-12 ℃ of root, easily cuttage root-taking;
2) northern alcohol (Vviniferax Vgumnf)
Anti-10 ℃ of root, easy cuttage root-taking, affinity 12;
3) No. two, riverbank (VViparia)
Anti-13.4 ℃ of root, easy cuttage root-taking, the multiple affinity of root is strong, anti-root knot;
4) No. two, the mountains and rivers (Vamurensis XVriparia)
Anti-14.8 ℃ of root, easily and cuttage root-taking, affinity is strong for antimycotic anti-radicola;
5）Teleki5A（Vberlandieri?XVriparia）
Anti-8.7 ℃ of root, anti-radicola, alkali tolerance are strong, and anti-root knot is poor;
6）SO4
Moral is selected from 5A, anti-9 ℃ of root, and growing way is strong, anti-radicola humidity Salt And Alkali Tolerance, high resistance root knot, grafting affinity is good, precocity;
2, grafting method
Grafting seedlings-growing method has two kinds:
1) grafting-cuttage breeding: during breeding grafting nursery stock, with shellfish reach, northern alcohol, longan, huge peak etc. easily the kind of cuttage root-taking do stock cutting, and be scion with local life or other improved seeds, doing the branch of scion should grow substantial, ripe good, a bud is cut in scion, bud upper end is stayed 1.5 centimetres, and lower end is stayed 4-6 centimetres; Long 20-25 centimetres of stock cutting, if when stock and scion rugosity are roughly the same, adopt tongue grafting more; If stock is coarser than scion, multiplex cleft graft;
During whip graft, scion base portion is whittled into horse ear shape inclined-plane, inclined-plane is about 3 centimetres, first on inclined-plane, 1/3 place cuts a cutter (avoiding vertical incision) dark 1.5-2.0 centimetres downwards, and then cut sth. askew downwards from bevel top, thereby form two ligulate tangent planes, stock is the same equally cutting also, then both bevels is plugged together together, tongue grafting stock is combined very tight with scion, only need simple colligation after grafting;
Cleft graft is by the two-sided wedge shape that is whittled in scion lower end, and inclined-plane is long 3-5 centimetres, and after the straight snips of stock cutting upper end, from central rip cutting one cutter, dark 3-5 centimetres of otch, then inserts scion in stock joint-cutting, aims at and forms layer, with plastic film or line, rope colligation;
Grafting operation can be carried out indoor, after grafting for grafting mouth is healed very soon, must heat and promote healing processing, generally through 15-20 days interfaces, can heal, stock cutting bottom starts to form new root simultaneously, in order to promote the very fast root of hair of stock cutting, available 50-100 mg/kg (ppm) methyl α-naphthyl acetate soaks stock cutting base portion 12-24 hours, or dip with 300 mg/kg (ppm) high concentration liquid, and then urge root to process, grafting time generally in open country cuttage first about 25 days, after urging root, get final product open country cuttage or greenhouse cuttage, during cuttage, interface is equal with furrow face, after cuttage, note keeping ground moistening, other management methods are identical with general cuttage seeding management,
2) band offspring wood grafting: winter indoor or plant spring before with the biennial stock seedling with root, carry out grafting, also can the then grafting of first field planting rootstock seedling, with tongue grafting or cut-grafting method all can, method is the same;
3, the management after grafting
After grafting, water immediately once permeable, see to do later and water in time, should execute azophoska fertilizer, note uproot weeds, within after connecing 7～10 days, sprout sprouting, young sprout, pumping flower fringe while growing the 3rd leaf, the strong seedling having second colored fringe of pumping again after the 4th to five leaves, to extract in time the colored fringe on seedling, when grafting grows to 20～25 centimetres high, want timely inserted link bondage, prevent wind lodging, to extract in time the tiller bud on root anvil at ordinary times, pinching flat-top when grafting grows 7～8 leaves, pumping sprouting in each axil after pinching, stay a bud of top to extend upward growth, the bud growing under other axils is stayed to leaf pinching (pinching), when the bud branch of top grows 7～8 leaves again, pinching flat-top once again, attention control damage by disease and insect after grafting, every 20 days, spray the foliage fertilizers such as 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, connect and spray 2～3 times, the Plastic Bandage of grafting part should not be removed too early, with after autumn or remove spring next year as well.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and specification, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (1)
1. a grafting method viny, is characterized in that: comprise following method step,
1) selection of stock
It is the problem that first will consider while carrying out graft seedling growth that grape rootstock is selected, a situation arises, the variety type factor of market demand before growing seedlings, according to grape, to develop regional soil, weather conditions and local damage by disease and insect, consider and select to be applicable to local grape rootstock type, and Bei Da, northern alcohol, longan, the huge peak kind of easy cuttage root-taking, or select local amur grape tree as stock;
2) grafting method
Grafting seedlings-growing method has two kinds:
(1) grafting-cuttage breeding:
During breeding grafting nursery stock, with shellfish reach, the kind of northern alcohol, longan, the easy cuttage root-taking in huge peak does stock cutting, and give birth to or other improved seeds are scion with local, doing the branch of scion should grow substantial, ripe good, a bud is cut in scion, and bud upper end is stayed 1.5 centimetres, and lower end is stayed 4-6 centimetres; Long 20-25 centimetres of stock cutting, when stock and scion rugosity are roughly the same, adopts tongue grafting; Stock is coarser than scion, multiplex cleft graft;
During whip graft, scion base portion is whittled into horse ear shape inclined-plane, inclined-plane is about 3 centimetres, first on inclined-plane, 1/3 place cuts a cutter downwards, dark 1.5-2.0 centimetres, and then cut sth. askew downwards from bevel top, thereby two ligulate tangent planes formed, stock is the same equally cutting also, then both bevels are plugged together together, tongue grafting stock is combined very tight with scion, only needs simple colligation after grafting;
Cleft graft is by the two-sided wedge shape that is whittled in scion lower end, and inclined-plane is long 3-5 centimetres, and after the straight snips of stock cutting upper end, from central rip cutting one cutter, dark 3-5 centimetres of otch, then inserts scion in stock joint-cutting, aims at and forms layer, with plastic film or line, rope colligation;
Grafting operates in indoor carrying out, and after grafting, for grafting mouth is healed very soon, must heat and promote healing processing; Through 15-20 days interfaces, can heal, stock cutting bottom starts to form new root simultaneously, in order to promote the very fast root of hair of stock cutting, with 50-100 mg/kg methyl α-naphthyl acetates, soak stock cutting base portion 12-24 hours, or dip with 300 mg/kg high concentration liquids, and then urge root to process, grafting time first about 25 days in open country cuttage, after urging root, get final product open country cuttage or greenhouse cuttage, during cuttage, interface is equal with furrow face, after cuttage, note keeping ground moistening, other management methods are identical with general cuttage seeding management;
(2) band offspring wood grafting: winter indoor or plant spring before with the biennial stock seedling with root, carry out grafting, also can the then grafting of first field planting rootstock seedling, with tongue grafting or cut-grafting method all can, method is the same;
3) management after grafting
After grafting, water immediately once permeable, see to do later and water in time, should execute azophoska fertilizer, note uproot weeds, within after connecing 7～10 days, sprout sprouting, young sprout, pumping flower fringe while growing the 3rd leaf, the strong seedling having second colored fringe of pumping again after the 4th to five leaves, to extract in time the colored fringe on seedling, when grafting grows to 20～25 centimetres high, want timely inserted link bondage, prevent wind lodging, to extract in time the tiller bud on root anvil at ordinary times, pinching flat-top when grafting grows 7～8 leaves, pumping sprouting in each axil after pinching, stay a bud of top to extend upward growth, the bud growing under other axils is stayed to leaf pinching, when the bud branch of top grows 7～8 leaves again, pinching flat-top once again, attention control damage by disease and insect after grafting, every 20 days, spray the foliage fertilizers such as 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, connect and spray 2～3 times, the Plastic Bandage of grafting part should not be removed too early, with after autumn or remove spring next year as well.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123278A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽省滁州市国盛现代农业开发有限公司 | Inverted-bud grafting method for vines |
| CN105519360A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-27 | 镇江常青园林工程有限公司 | Method for grafting grapevine |
| CN105746185A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-07-13 | 句容市绿润苗木有限公司 | Grape in-vitro hard-twig graft propagation method |
| CN105850514A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-17 | 长顺县富康精品水果种植有限公司 | Method for grafting purple grape in wild grape |
| CN105961038A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-28 | 上海纯绿果蔬专业合作社 | Fruit tree green branch grafting method |
| CN107135815A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-08 | 铜仁市万山区山地刺葡萄农业有限公司 | A kind of grafting seedlings-growing method of grape |
| CN107333569A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-11-10 | 王新兵 | A kind of elder generation nursery propagation method of cuttage again after grafting twig on branch |
| CN107667764A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2018-02-09 | 成都圻坊生物科技有限公司 | A kind of grape engrafting method for being advantageous to volume increase |
| CN107820892A (en) * | 2017-12-23 | 2018-03-23 | 全椒县潘林园林葡萄专业合作社 | A kind of method for improving fragrant happy grape graft survival rate |
| CN108848974A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-23 | 界首市天润发家庭农场 | A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method of grape |
| CN112042410A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-08 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123278A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽省滁州市国盛现代农业开发有限公司 | Inverted-bud grafting method for vines |
| CN105519360A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-04-27 | 镇江常青园林工程有限公司 | Method for grafting grapevine |
| CN105850514A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-08-17 | 长顺县富康精品水果种植有限公司 | Method for grafting purple grape in wild grape |
| CN105961038A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-28 | 上海纯绿果蔬专业合作社 | Fruit tree green branch grafting method |
| CN105746185A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-07-13 | 句容市绿润苗木有限公司 | Grape in-vitro hard-twig graft propagation method |
| CN107135815A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-08 | 铜仁市万山区山地刺葡萄农业有限公司 | A kind of grafting seedlings-growing method of grape |
| CN107333569A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-11-10 | 王新兵 | A kind of elder generation nursery propagation method of cuttage again after grafting twig on branch |
| CN107667764A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2018-02-09 | 成都圻坊生物科技有限公司 | A kind of grape engrafting method for being advantageous to volume increase |
| CN107820892A (en) * | 2017-12-23 | 2018-03-23 | 全椒县潘林园林葡萄专业合作社 | A kind of method for improving fragrant happy grape graft survival rate |
| CN108848974A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-23 | 界首市天润发家庭农场 | A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method of grape |
| CN112042410A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-08 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings |
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Application publication date: 20140423 |