CN112042410A - Rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings - Google Patents
Rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings. The breeding method comprises the following steps: selecting stock seedlings, cultivating the stock seedlings, selecting scions, grafting the scions, managing the grafted seedlings and the like. The method has the following advantages: 1) the operation is easy and the mastering is easy; 2) the seedling breeding time is shortened, the seedling quality is improved, and the management cost is saved; 3) the method is beneficial to cultivating strong seedlings, shortens the garden building period and realizes early garden growth and early yield. The method can also provide reference for seedling breeding methods of other fruit trees, in particular to the fruit trees for seedling breeding in a grafting mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings.
Background
China is a world-wide kiwi fruit production country, and both cultivation area and total yield jump the world first, but the kiwi fruit industry in China has a little gap compared with the strong countries of industries such as New Zealand, Italy, Chilean and the like, and mainly reflects that the yield per unit area and the commodity and fruit rate are low, the unit price is low, and the benefit per unit area is obviously lower than that of other countries. However, the demand of domestic consumption markets on the kiwi fruits is vigorous, the import quantity of the kiwi fruits in China is kept to be more than 12 million tons throughout the year, and the quantity of the imported kiwi fruits is continuously increased every year. The reason is mainly that the quality of seedlings is generally not high when the kiwi fruit industry is built in China, special stocks are lacked, and the organic matter content of soil is generally not high, so that the kiwi fruit tree is weak and not vigorous enough in growth due to the influence of complex environmental factors, the fruit yield and the quality are uneven, and the high-quality development of the kiwi fruit industry in China is severely restricted.
Grafting is an important means for fruit tree propagation, and the rootstock plays an important role in maintaining the excellent characteristics of the scion variety and promoting the improvement of fruit yield and quality. The breeding of nursery stocks is mainly realized by a grafting method in the kiwi fruit industry in China, and two commonly used breeding methods are as follows: firstly, sowing seedlings in spring, culturing the seedlings as stocks, allowing the stocks to grow for one year, leveling stubbles 10-15 cm above the ground in winter, and grafting scion varieties in spring of the second year; and secondly, when pruning is carried out in winter, the rootstock branches are taken and cut into the length of about 20cm, the scion variety is directly grafted on the rootstock branches, and after the rootstock branches root and the scion survives through strict management measures, the scion variety is transplanted underground. Although the survival rate of the seedlings is high, the growth time of the seedlings is long for building the kiwi fruit orchard, and the growth time of the rootstocks in one year is at least 3 years, so that the orchard building operation can be completed, and a small amount of yield can be formed in the third year. Although the second method can save one year of time, a whole set of more strict and refined management scheme is required for the seedlings after grafting, so that rootstock rooting and scion survival can be realized, and therefore, the technical requirement of the seedling breeding method is high, and the seedling breeding method is difficult to master quickly by a common grower, so that the survival rate of the second seedling raising method is generally low.
At present, a complete and standard kiwi seedling breeding technical system is not established in China, and for the breeding of grafted seedlings, only the survival rate is concerned, but other quality indexes such as the thickness, whether pathogenic bacteria exist or not are ignored, and the like. In recent years, the development of the kiwi fruit industry in China is rapid, the demand for high-quality grafted seedlings is increased rapidly, how to breed a large number of high-quality seedlings in a short time and realize quick garden building and early production becomes an important practical subject which must be solved by practitioners in the field. Therefore, a set of rapid breeding method for kiwi grafted seedlings is urgently needed to be explored and established, a large number of high-quality seedlings are provided for the industry, the orchard construction period is shortened, the production cost is saved, the yield is formed early, and the early income of growers is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings. The method is simple to operate and easy to master, can realize the rapid breeding of the kiwi grafted seedlings, shortens the seedling breeding period, improves the seedling quality and realizes the early orchard establishment and early income.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting annual semi-lignified dormant branches with the tree age of more than 3 years and the thickness of 0.6-0.8 cm as rootstock seedling cuttings;
(2) cutting the stock seedling cutting into a seedling substrate, and cultivating to obtain stock seedlings;
(3) selecting an annual semi-lignified branch as a scion;
(4) and grafting the scion to the stock seedling to obtain the kiwi grafted seedling.
Preferably, the selecting time of the stock seedling cutting is as follows: from 12 months per year to 2 months in the next year.
Preferably, the length of the stock seedling cutting is 18-22 cm, 2 full bud points are arranged, and the distance between the two bud points is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the treatment before cutting of the stock seedling cutting is as follows: soaking in 10-20% glycerol water for 8-12 min, cutting the lower part of the cutting into 40-50 ° sections, and standing in rooting powder for 3-7 min.
Preferably, the seedling raising substrate comprises the components in a volume ratio of 1-2: 1-2: 1, turf: perlite: vermiculite.
Preferably, the time for grafting the scion to the stock seedling is as follows: and (4) growing the stock seedling cuttings to 4-5 months, and when new roots are generated.
Preferably, the treatment of the stock seedling before grafting comprises the following steps: and (4) cutting off the upper stock seedling and branches emitted from the upper bud point from the base of the upper bud point reserved by the stock seedling cuttings.
Preferably, the grafting method is as follows: the tongue-jointed type.
Preferably, the rapid propagation method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings further comprises the following steps: after grafting, continuously spraying glycerol water with volume concentration of 8-12% for 30-60 min, continuously spraying glycerol water with volume concentration of 8-12% for 20-40 min at 8-10 am and 16-18 pm every day, and directly irrigating clear water after continuously spraying for 5-7 days;
and when the newly-sent branches on the scion grow to 45-55 cm, the scion is shown to survive, all branches sent out on the bud points of the stock seedlings are cut off, only the branches sent out by the scion are reserved, the branches are pulled by a vertical rod to grow vertically, and then the conventional management of the grafted seedlings is carried out.
Preferably, the rapid propagation method of the kiwi fruit grafted seedlings further comprises the following field planting step: the timing of field planting is as follows: the grafted seedlings grow to 6-7 months;
and (5) performing water retention management after planting.
The rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the operation is simple and easy to master, and can be quickly mastered by fruit tree grafting technicians after demonstration operation and simple technical training;
(2) the method has the advantages that the seedling breeding time is shortened, the seedling quality is improved, the management cost is saved, a large number of seedlings can be bred in a short time by breeding the grafted seedlings through the method, the grafted seedlings are uniform and consistent in growth vigor and high in seedling quality, and the seedling breeding cost can be saved by breeding the stock seedlings through the cuttage method;
(3) the method is beneficial to cultivating strong seedlings, shortens the period of garden building and realizes early yield of early garden building.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the rapid propagation operation of grafted kiwi fruit seedlings
FIG. 2 shows a grafted seedling of Actinidia chinensis bred by the method of example 1
Detailed Description
The invention provides a rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting annual semi-lignified dormant branches with the tree age of more than 3 years and the thickness of 0.6-0.8 cm as rootstock seedling cuttings;
(2) cutting the stock seedling cutting into a seedling substrate, and cultivating to obtain stock seedlings;
(3) selecting an annual semi-lignified branch as a scion;
(4) and grafting the scion to the stock seedling to obtain the kiwi grafted seedling.
In the invention, the stock seedling cuttings are preferably the branches of a wild kiwi fruit resource MZ12 variety.
In the invention, the time for selecting the stock seedling cuttings is as follows: from 12 months per year to 2 months in the following year, preferably 1 month per year.
In the invention, the length of the stock seedling cutting is 18-22 cm, preferably 19-21 cm, and further preferably 20 cm; the thickness is 0.6-0.8 cm, preferably 0.7 cm.
In the invention, the length of the stock seedling cutting is obtained by the following method: and (5) sterilizing, shearing and taking.
In the invention, the stock seedling cuttings have 2 full bud points.
In the invention, the distance between two bud points on the stock seedling cutting is 5-10 cm, preferably 7-8 cm, and further preferably 7.5 cm.
In the invention, the treatment before cutting of the stock seedling cutting is as follows: soaking the fabric in 10-20% of glycerol water for 8-12 min, preferably 15% of glycerol water for 10 min.
In the present invention, the solvent for preparing the glycerin water is distilled water.
In the invention, the lower part of the stock seedling cutting is obliquely cut into a section of 40-50 degrees, preferably a section of 45 degrees.
In the invention, the stock seedling cuttings are kept still in the rooting powder for 3-7 min, preferably 4-6 min, and more preferably 5 min.
In the invention, the seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in a volume ratio of 1-2: 1-2: 1, turf: perlite: vermiculite, preferably turf in a volume ratio of 1:1: 1: perlite: vermiculite.
In the invention, when the stock seedling cutting is inserted into the seedling substrate, the substrate is ensured to be exposed at both bud points.
In the invention, the variety of the scion branch is preferably medium kiwi II and golden peach.
In the invention, the grafting time of the scion to the stock seedling is as follows: and (4) growing the stock seedling cuttings to 4-5 months, and when new roots are generated.
In the invention, the basis for judging whether the stock seedling cutting has new roots is as follows: branches emitted by 2 bud points reserved on the stock seedling cuttings can continuously grow to 40-60 cm, and preferably 50 cm.
In the invention, the 2 bud germination branches reserved on the stock seedling cuttings are characterized in that: the upper bud point germinates long branches faster, and the lower bud point germinates long branches slower.
In the present invention, the time for grafting the scion to the stock seedling further comprises: when branches of 2 bud points reserved on the stock seedling cuttings grow to 40-60 cm, the preferred length is 50 cm.
In the invention, the treatment of the stock seedling before grafting comprises the following steps: and (4) cutting off the upper stock seedling and branches emitted from the upper bud point from the base of the upper bud point reserved by the stock seedling cuttings.
In the invention, the grafting method is as follows: the tongue-jointed type.
In the invention, in the grafting operation process, the branch which is germinated from the bud point at the lower part of the stock seedling is not damaged.
In the invention, the rapid breeding method of the kiwi fruit grafted seedlings further comprises a grafted seedling management step.
In the invention, after the grafting is finished, glycerol water is continuously sprayed for 30-60 min, preferably 40-50 min, and further preferably 45 min.
In the invention, the volume concentration of the glycerol spraying water is 8-12%, preferably 9-11%, and more preferably 10%.
In the invention, glycerol water is sprayed at 8-10 am and 16-18 pm every day from the next day after the end of grafting, preferably at 9 am and 17 pm every day.
In the invention, the glycerol water is continuously sprayed for 20-40 min, preferably for 30min in the morning and afternoon every day from the next day after the grafting.
In the invention, the concentration of the glycerol spraying water which is sprayed the next day after the grafting is finished is 8-12%, and the preferred concentration is 10%.
In the invention, the spraying time of the glycerol water lasts for 5-7 days, preferably 6 days, from the second day after the grafting.
In the invention, after the spraying of the glycerol water is finished, the water is directly irrigated with clear water for later management.
In the invention, the glycerol water is sprayed by a micro-spraying system.
In the invention, the method for judging whether the scion survives comprises the following steps: and when the newly-sent branches on the scions grow to 45-55 cm, indicating that the scions survive.
In the present invention, management after scion survival is as follows: cutting off all branches emitted from the bud points of the stock seedlings, only keeping the branches emitted from the scions, drawing by a vertical rod to enable the branches to grow vertically, and then carrying out conventional management on the grafted seedlings.
In the invention, the timing of field planting is as follows: grafted seedlings grow to 6-7 months.
In the present invention, the post-field planting management may be water retention management.
In the invention, the field planting still enters the growing period of the second round of branches in 8-9 months after the field planting, the trees are likely to be erected in the same year to form a tree structure of 'one trunk and two vines', a certain yield can be formed in the second year, and the early income of growers is realized.
In the invention, the rapid breeding operation schematic diagram of kiwi fruits is shown in figure 1.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Selecting dormant branches of annual semi-lignified wild kiwi fruit resource MZ12 varieties with the tree age of 4 years and the thickness of 0.7cm as stock seedling cuttings in 1 month. Cutting the stock seedling cuttings into branches with the length of 20cm by using disinfection scissors, reserving 2 full bud points on the branches, and enabling the distance between the two bud points to be 8 cm. Before cutting of a stock seedling, soaking in 15% glycerol water for 10min, obliquely cutting the lower part of a cutting into a 40-degree section, placing in rooting powder for 5min, and inserting grass peat into the cut section: perlite: stock seedling is carried out in a seedling substrate with the volume ratio of 1:1:1 of vermiculite.
And selecting branches of the medium-kiwi fruit No. two variety as scion-grafting branches. When the branches of two bud points on the stock seedling cutting are both 50cm long, the stock seedling and the cutting at the base of the upper bud point reserved by the stock seedling cutting are cut off, and then the scion is grafted on the stock seedling in a tongue grafting mode. Spraying glycerol water with volume concentration of 9%, and continuously spraying for 40 min. Then continuously spraying 10% glycerol water at 9 am and 17 pm every day for 30min for 5 days. Then the water is irrigated with clear water every day.
And when new branches emitted from the scions grow to 50cm, cutting off all branches on the stock seedlings, and simultaneously drawing by using the vertical rods to enable the stock seedlings to grow vertically.
And (4) when the grafted seedlings grow to 7 months, performing field planting, and performing water retention management after the field planting.
The kiwi grafts bred by this example 1 are depicted in fig. 2.
Example 2
Selecting dormant branches of 3-year-old trees with the thickness of 0.6m and annual semi-lignified wild kiwi fruit resource MZ12 varieties as stock seedling cuttings in the month of 2. Cutting the stock seedling cuttings into branches with the length of 18cm by using disinfection scissors, reserving 2 full bud points on the branches, and keeping the distance between the two bud points to be 7 cm. Before cutting of a stock seedling, soaking in 12% glycerol water for 8min, obliquely cutting the lower part of a cutting into a 45-degree section, placing in rooting powder for 6min, and inserting grass peat into the cut section: perlite: stock seedling is cultured in a seedling culture medium with the volume ratio of 1:2:1 of vermiculite.
Selecting branches of the Chinese gooseberry variety as scion-grafting strips. When the branches of two bud points on the stock seedling cutting are both 45cm long, the stock seedling and the cutting at the base of the upper bud point reserved by the stock seedling cutting are cut off, and then the scion is grafted on the stock seedling in a tongue grafting mode. Spraying 10% glycerol solution, and continuously spraying for 45 min. Then continuously spraying 10% glycerol water at 8 am and 17 pm every day for 40min for 6 days. Then the water is irrigated with clear water every day.
And when new branches emitted from the scions grow to 45cm, cutting off all branches on the stock seedlings, and simultaneously drawing by using the vertical rods to enable the stock seedlings to grow vertically.
And (4) when the grafted seedlings grow to 7 months, performing field planting, and performing water retention management after the field planting.
Example 3
Selecting dormant branches of annual semi-lignified wild kiwi fruit resource MZ12 varieties with the tree age of 4 years and the thickness of 0.8cm as stock seedling cuttings in 12 months. Cutting the stock seedling into 19cm long branches by using a disinfection shear, reserving 2 full bud points on the branches, and keeping the distance between the two bud points to be 10 cm. Before cutting of a stock seedling, soaking in glycerol water with the volume concentration of 18% for 9min, obliquely cutting the lower part of a cutting slip into a section of 50 degrees, placing in rooting powder for 4min, and inserting grass peat into the cutting slip: perlite: stock seedling is cultured in a seedling culture medium with the vermiculite volume ratio of 2:1: 1.
And selecting branches of the medium-kiwi fruit No. two variety as scion-grafting branches. When the branches of two bud points on the stock seedling cutting are both 50cm long, the stock seedling and the cutting at the base of the upper bud point reserved by the stock seedling cutting are cut off, and then the scion is grafted on the stock seedling in a tongue grafting mode. Spraying 10% glycerol solution, and continuously spraying for 30 min. Then continuously spraying 8% glycerol water at 9 am and 16 pm every day for 20min for 5 days. Then the water is irrigated with clear water every day.
And when new branches emitted from the scions grow to 55cm, cutting off all branches on the stock seedlings, and simultaneously drawing by using the vertical rods to enable the stock seedlings to grow vertically.
And (4) after the grafted seedlings grow for 6 months, performing field planting, and performing water retention management after the field planting.
The kiwi grafted seedlings obtained by the rapid propagation method of the kiwi grafted seedlings obtained in the embodiments 1-3 can initially form a tree structure of one trunk and two vines in 12 months of the year after field planting. A certain yield can be formed in the next year. The high yield period can be reached in the fourth year. Compared with the breeding method of the kiwi fruit grafted seedlings in the prior art, a certain yield can be achieved only by 3 years, and the kiwi fruit grafted seedlings can enter a high yield stage only by 5 years, so that the time is advanced by 1 year.
According to the embodiments, the invention provides a rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings. The breeding method of the invention has the following advantages: (1) the operation is simple and easy to master, and can be quickly mastered by fruit tree grafting technicians after demonstration operation and simple technical training; (2) the method has the advantages that the seedling breeding time is shortened, the seedling quality is improved, the management cost is saved, a large number of seedlings can be bred in a short time by breeding the grafted seedlings through the method, the grafted seedlings are uniform and consistent in growth vigor and high in seedling quality, and the seedling breeding cost can be saved by breeding the stock seedlings through the cuttage method; (3) the method is beneficial to cultivating strong seedlings, shortens the period of garden building and realizes early yield of early garden building.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid propagation method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting annual semi-lignified dormant branches with the tree age of more than 3 years and the thickness of 0.6-0.8 cm as rootstock seedling cuttings;
(2) cutting the stock seedling cutting into a seedling substrate, and cultivating to obtain stock seedlings;
(3) selecting an annual semi-lignified branch as a scion;
(4) and grafting the scion to the stock seedling to obtain the kiwi grafted seedling.
2. The rapid propagation method of kiwi grafted seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the stock seedling cuttings are selected at the following time: from 12 months per year to 2 months in the next year.
3. The rapid propagation method of kiwi grafted seedlings according to claim 2, wherein the length of the stock seedling cutting is 18-22 cm, 2 plump bud points are provided, and the distance between the two bud points is 5-10 cm.
4. The rapid propagation method of kiwi grafted seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the treatment before cutting of the stock seedling cuttings is: soaking in 10-20% glycerol water for 8-12 min, cutting the lower part of the cutting into 40-50 ° sections, and standing in rooting powder for 3-7 min.
5. The rapid propagation method of kiwi grafted seedlings according to claim 4, wherein the seedling substrate comprises the following components in a volume ratio of 1-2: 1-2: 1, turf: perlite: vermiculite.
6. The rapid propagation method of kiwi grafted seedlings according to claim 5, wherein the grafting time of the scion onto the rootstock seedlings is: and (4) growing the stock seedling cuttings to 4-5 months, and when new roots are generated.
7. The rapid propagation method of kiwi grafted seedlings according to claim 6, wherein the pre-grafting stock seedlings are treated by: and (4) cutting off the upper stock seedling and branches emitted from the upper bud point from the base of the upper bud point reserved by the stock seedling cuttings.
8. The rapid propagation method of kiwi grafted seedlings according to claim 7, wherein the grafting method is as follows: the tongue-jointed type.
9. The rapid propagation method of kiwi grafted seedlings according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the rapid propagation method of kiwi grafted seedlings further comprises a grafted seedling management step: after grafting, continuously spraying glycerol water with volume concentration of 8-12% for 30-60 min, continuously spraying glycerol water with volume concentration of 8-12% for 20-40 min at 8-10 am and 16-18 pm every day, and directly irrigating clear water after continuously spraying for 5-7 days;
and when the newly-sent branches on the scion grow to 45-55 cm, the scion is shown to survive, all branches sent out on the bud points of the stock seedlings are cut off, only the branches sent out by the scion are reserved, the branches are pulled by a vertical rod to grow vertically, and then the conventional management of the grafted seedlings is carried out.
10. The rapid propagation method of kiwi grafted seedlings according to claim 9, further comprising the following field planting step: the timing of field planting is as follows: the grafted seedlings grow to 6-7 months;
and (5) performing water retention management after planting.
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