CN105613062B - A kind of rubber select tree tender tip grafting childrenization method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents
A kind of rubber select tree tender tip grafting childrenization method for culturing seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, are related to a kind of rubber select tree tender tip grafting childrenization method for culturing seedlings, including bud connects Culturing maternal plant, tender tip grafting, managing after grafting step, and propagating materials is made to keep and reply the technology nursery of childrenization state.On 3~13 monthly ages upright branch that the present invention selects growing way strong it is raw Ye Pengzhong, lower blade axil in the big and full leaf bud of bud eye carry out ortet rejuvenation cultivation as bud scion, not only bud take is high, and bud tablets germinating energy is strong, sprouts soon；Childrenization grafting is carried out as scion using the maternal plant tender tip that the age is small, energetic, growing way is prosperous again, graft survival rate can not only be improved, and obviously accelerate new plant increment rate of change, the childrenization of paragutta select tree material is realized, the later stage choiceness for Rubber Tree Breeding measures and being smoothed out for improved variety popularization work provides guarantee.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, are related to a kind of rubber tree method for culturing seedlings, specifically a kind of degeneration-resistant height of paragutta
The method for producing the grafting childrenization nursery of select tree tender tip.
Background technology
Rubber tree is one of the most important woody industrial crops in torrid areas and fast-growing high quality timber seeds, in Southeast Asia and
Irreplaceable important function is played always in terms of Natural Rubber Industry in China production and ecological construction and environmental protection.Although rubber
The longer but different rubber tree planting material of the tree economical production time limit has different economic lifves, in general, artificial growth feelings
Under condition, if dead skin does not occur, seedling tree can at least adopt glue 50 years, or even can extend to 70~80 years, and it is usually 25 that bud, which connects tree,
~30 years, in the majority with 25 years, it is on the low side that 30a cuts age, because cloudy knife rubber tapping easily leads to dead skin.China's rubber tree cultivation is located at heat
Band the northern fringe, windburn and cold damage are the limitation most important factors of China's ruber plantation, in consideration of it, Rubber Tree Breeding is real from production
Border is set out, and basic task is the continuous improved Varieties for being bred as being suitble to each rubber planting area demand in China, so carrying out rubber
The initiative of tree wind resistance high yield, cold-resistant high-yield variety is the emphasis of current breeding research work.
The perennial cross-pollination arbor of Hevea, conventional breeding year limit for length, especially together to gum yield, degeneration-resistant character
The progress selection and use period is more very long, is successfully selection and breeding rubber tree resistance and high-yielding based on protecting and excavating sexual initial population of system
One of important channel of kind has excellent wind resistance, resistance to low temperature using what is survived after the extra heavy windburn of generation, cold damage
Excellent elite stand, gum yield identification is carried out to its sexual system in such a way that single plant surveys production, it is then excellent to wind resistance high yield, cold-resistant high yield
Different single plant carries out vegetative propagation, establishes the scales at different levels clonal clone trial different with function, completes clonal system
Identification, these links are the important components of rubber tree resistance and high-yielding breed breeding.However, due to natural and artificial etc. various
Reason, the sexual system that China's twentieth century was planted before the nineties is reduced increasingly, and especially some resistance and high-yieldings grow directly from seeds precious rubber
For tree by artificial catastrophic collapse, this makes the survival and development of the sexual initial population of system of peculiar preciousness of China be faced with serious prestige
The side of body.Therefore, it is saved and is protected there is an urgent need to the rubber tree to resistance and high-yielding, using excellent rubber mother seedling branch as material
It is to save and protect the requisite measure of rubber mother seedling to carry out vegetative propagation.
For a long time, rubber tree breeding of new variety takes elite seedling to select the breeding method being combined with vegetative propagation.
Currently, rubber tree vegetative propagation commonly uses the breeding of bud connection technology progress resistance and high-yielding elite stand, scion mainly to pick up from select tree branch
Item.Due to being influenced by tree body age effect and scion position effect, the nursery stock cultivated is caused to be influenced sternly by select tree maturation effect
Weight (maturation effect belongs to unfavorable factor in select tree vegetative propagation and clonal test), maturing material not only make vegetative propagation tired
Difficulty, undergrowth, but also serious non-genetic variation in clone can be caused, this non-genetic variation and hereditary variation are mixed
Together, make clonal test that deviation occur, cause experiment invalid.It organizes have very strong stabilization if entering ripe state
Property, this stability can be transmitted by many generation cell divisions.Therefore, by restore childrenization state come overcome select tree at
Ripe effect, and clone is made to keep juvenile and consistency, it has very important significance to vegetative propagation and Clone Breeding.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is provide that a kind of advantages of simple, operability be strong, rejuvenation effect in view of the deficiencies of the prior art
The apparent resistance and high-yielding rubber select tree tender tip of fruit grafts childrenization method for culturing seedlings, is connect again using first bud is carried out to rubber select tree vertical branch
It is strong, it reapplies budling tender tip and carries out grafting youngization, solve conventional above the average age for marriage select tree and connect using bud existing for bud connection technology nursery
The problem that survival rate is low, plant strain growth is bad is remarkably improved the childrenization efficiency of the serious rubber select tree material of maturing effect,
To achieve the purpose that significantly improve graft survival rate and promote plant strain growth, and then to be smoothed out the Rubber Tree Breeding later stage
Choiceness system identification and improved variety popularization work provide guarantee.
The technology used in the present invention principle：Due to rubber clone genotype height heterozygosis, the plant of seminal propagation is utilized
Breediness is easy to happen variation, and budling is existing main planting material, therefore, significantly limits the tip of a root and rhizome connection
The rejuvenation for connecing the low activity cell at place utilizes.And there is age effect, position effects, once enter ripe state trees tissue
Then there is very strong stability, this stability can be transmitted by many generation cell divisions.Such as with horizontal branch or descending branch
When carrying out vegetative propagation for scion bud tablets, it often will appear the oblique growth in breeding generation, i.e. position effect.
Generally the age of stock and scion bigger graft survival rate is lower, and the not yet tender tissue of lignifying, such as children
Seedling tender tip dedifferentiation easy to implement and is broken up again since plasticity is big, is healed after grafting fast, and survival rate is high, and it is fast to take out hair；Do not divide
Rubber tree seedling year 5~7 fluffy leaf of pumping of branch, 2 fluffy leaf of old-age group's tree year pumping, furthermore tender tip grafting need not wait for scion aging,
Therefore scion is in liberal supply.And grafted using corresponding cortex grafting method, cortex grafting not only improves the tender scion grafting operation of children, again
Have the advantages that survival rate is high.Moreover, the vertical branch that growth potential is strong in selection canopy and bud tablets growing point is easily peelable makees budding spike
Item.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to what is realized by technical solution below：
A kind of rubber select tree tender tip grafting childrenization method for culturing seedlings, its step are as follows：
1. bud connects Culturing maternal plant：Choose the above the average age for marriage breeding tree of resistance and high-yielding in healthy growth state, no disease and pests harm
For scion-seed tree, at the top of acquisition tree crown on the sunny side, 3~13 monthly ages upright branch of robust growth, select raw in Ye Pengzhong, lower part
The big and full leaf bud of bud eye (sprouts fast and healthy and strong, be optimal bud) as scion after taking over a job in the axil of blade.Stock
Being grown directly from seeds using the GT1 clone seeds of a diameter of 0.6~2.0cm, (but the stock for being in the discoloration phase is not easy peeling to transplanted seedling, unsuitable
It selects, the stock in remaining phenological period is available).The bud tablets that 5~7cm is cut when grafting connect bud tablets bud using budding method
(general rootstock seedling is cultivated in proliferation nursery lot, if weather is especially arid, to promote forming layer growth, easily on rootstock seedling
In peeling, bud connects first 5~7 days and waters), watering in 3~5 days (pollution is avoided to wrap up not tight bud socket part position) after bud connects, bud connects
Anvil is sawed after surviving, and then carries out conventional water and fertilizer management.
The above the average age for marriage breeding tree refers to the age of tree at 20 years or more, and the stem girth 70cm or more at 1.5m has been enter into third and cuts
Face cuts regenerated bark and adopts glue, can keep the gum of prosperous production.
The upright branch acquired on the scion-seed tree refers to that the fluffy stable aging of top leaf or terminal bud are sprouted, extended to
The branch of leaf stretching period.
When opening bud interface, the abdomen capsule skin of 0.5~2.0cm long of base portion is only stayed, in case folding up bud tablets, finishing bud tablets upper end is
Can, abdomen capsule skin need not be cut after unbundlings.
2. tender tip is grafted：Survival and growth budder after 2 months, acquisition for the first time grafting survival in sprout phase and leaf stretching period
Budling tender tip is that scion carries out second of grafting, and grafting is carried out using indoor cortex grafting method, 32~35 DEG C of indoor temperature, air
Relative humidity 60~70% (control temperature and humidity can reduce anvil fringe dumping to a certain extent).Stock uses a diameter of 0.4
The GT1 clone seeds of~1.4cm grow directly from seeds, and (stock for being in the discoloration phase is not easy peeling to nutritional bag, should not select, excess
The stock of time phase is available, wherein stationary phase to rigid extraction 2~10cm long tender tips is best grafting period, and ensures anvil
Wooden seedling moisture is sufficient), grafting height is less than or equal to 10cm apart from ground, that is, is less than positive knife rubber tapping face bottommost.
Further improving and supplementing for step is grafted as to tender tip, the invention also includes following advantageous measures：To stock
It is cultivated 30~55 days after carrying out saw anvil, after budling is sprouted, during 7~October of current year and 4~May of next year, in proliferation seedling
The excellent maternal plant without disease pest harm and robust growth that selection cultivates in the ground of garden, takes bud and connects coppice shoot and grafted.Clip is not
When lamina and the tender tip of small bronze phase makees scion, is cut at highly about 7~10cm to insufficient annual stock, then by scion
Grafting is thereon.
The operating process of the cortex grafting method is：1) cut stock, stock cut at 0.1~0.2cm above grafting position or
It is sawed-off, need the position grafted to choose out bast from xylem in stock with medical surgical knife point of a knife；2) scion is cut, will first be connect
Fringe main bud back side base portion is whittled into the long bevel of one long 1.5~2.0cm horse ear shapes, then opposite tip is whittled into length and is less than 0.3cm
Small section, make below scion be in flat wedge, convenient for stock be inserted into, then gently respectively cut a knife in wedge both sides, remove on
The a little cortex in face, depth reach bast, are allowed to expose forming layer；3) scion cut is inserted into tough by grafting fringe and bondage
Between skin zone and xylem, until long bevel no longer exposes to stock section, short bevel submerges stock cortex, and scion, which is plugged, to be inserted firmly,
It is used in combination the nylon rope for being torn into wide 0.2cm slices to tie up, comes from tied rope head more than elder generation when jag, twined successively from bottom to top since interface
Around winding should uniformly, when being wound into the stock end return to remainder and simultaneously be wound to below interface, and jag is pricked certainly with former jag remainder
.
3. managing after grafting：By Seedling bag in sand bed in double-row type or three row's formula display rooms, sand bed is wide after the completion of grafting
Then 60cm waters (watering is preferably light, prevents water droplet from flowing into interface), soil moisture content is 20~25% in Seedling bag, greenhouse
Interior relative humidity control between 85~90% (window is closed to seal with moisturizing, the humidity is the most advantageous to calli induction,
It not only avoids scion dehydration from wilting, also prevents the mildew and rot and scion of interface because lack of air is choked to death, can also be mended to seedbed
Water moisturizing).5~7d ventilates after grafting, i.e., window opens some small gaps, prevents scion mouldy, increase window gap after 7d, 10~
The cooling of 15d rear ventings, wet down, solve rope after 25~30 days, in order to allow grafting fast-growth, survive Xie Shenghou Huo Gelan nutrition
Liquid pours once, should mend and connect immediately to the nursery stock not survived.
The greenhouse optimal temperature is 25~30 DEG C, not only improves graft and faster generates more callus, again
It is most suitable for grafting and carries out photosynthesis.
So-called childrenization nursery exactly makes propagating materials keep and reply the technology nursery of childrenization state.
The positive effect of the present invention is：
Since the asexual multiplication ability of rubber tree declines as the age of trees and branch increases, the present invention selects the age
Gently, mostly bud is carried out as scion in strong 3~13 monthly ages upright branch of green, growing way and connect cultivation maternal plant, not only bud take
Height, and bud tablets germinating energy is strong, it is fast to sprout；Again using the maternal plant tender tip that the age is small, energetic, growing way is prosperous as scion, interior is utilized
Cortex grafting method carries out grafting youngization, can not only improve graft survival rate, and obviously accelerate new plant increment rate of change,
The childrenization of paragutta select tree material is successfully realized, resistance and high-yielding rubber select tree inflorescence and young fruit acquisition can be effectively shielded from
Difficulty, anther, unburnt pulverized and the low problem of young fruit inner integument charge stripping efficiency, and meanwhile it is excellent asexual for the later stage of Rubber Tree Breeding
System measures and being smoothed out for improved variety popularization work provides guarantee.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention is furthur described in detail.Following embodiment is used for
Illustrate the present invention, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
It is of the present invention interior cortex grafting method be：1) stock is cut, by stock at 0.1~0.2cm above grafting position
It cuts or sawed-off, needs the position grafted to choose out bast from xylem in stock with medical surgical knife point of a knife；2) scion is cut, first
Scion main bud back side base portion is whittled into the long bevel of one long 1.5~2.0cm horse ear shapes, then opposite tip is whittled into length and is less than
The small section of 0.3cm makes to be in then flat wedge is gently respectively cut a knife in wedge both sides, gone convenient for being inserted into stock below scion
Fall above a little cortex, depth reaches bast, is allowed to expose forming layer；3) scion cut is inserted in grafting fringe and bondage
Enter between bast and xylem, until long bevel no longer exposes to stock section, short bevel submerges stock cortex, and scion is plugged slotting
Jail is used in combination the nylon rope for being torn into wide 0.2cm slices to tie up, and comes from tied rope head more than elder generation when jag, since interface from bottom to top according to
Secondary winding, winding should be uniform, when being wound into the stock end, return to remainder and are wound to below interface, jag and former jag remainder
From bundle.
One, tender tip grafts childrenization nursery
Embodiment one
1. bud connects Culturing maternal plant：The sexual system for choosing plantation in 1992 in 2014 is in healthy growth state, is disease-free
The above the average age for marriage breeding tree of resistance and high-yielding of insect pest is scion-seed tree, the age of tree 22 years or more, and the stem girth 83cm at 1.5m has been enter into third and cuts
It cuts regenerated bark and adopts glue in face.It faces south at the top of acquisition tree crown, 3~6 monthly ages upright branch of robust growth, the fluffy stable aging of top leaf,
Or terminal bud sprout, the extend to branch of leaf stretching period can all be cut.It selects on budling raw in Ye Pengzhong, the axil of lower blade
In the big and full leaf bud of bud eye be scion (sprouting after taking over a job fast and healthy and strong, be optimal bud).Trunk forming layer starts to live
Dynamic to graft when be from skin, in May, 2014 is grafted using budding method.Stock using a diameter of 0.6~1.4cm GT1 without
Property system seed grow directly from seeds that (stock for being in the discoloration phase is not easy peeling to transplanted seedling, should not select, and the stock in remaining phenological period can profit
With).The bud tablets 200 of 5~7cm are cut, bud is connected in the proliferation nursery lot that rootstock seedling cultivates.If weather is especially arid,
To promote forming layer growth, it is easy to peeling, bud connects first 5~7 days and waters, and waters within 3~5 days after bud connects, avoids pollution wrapping not tight
Real bud socket part position.When opening bud interface, the abdomen capsule skin of base portion 0.5cm long is only stayed, in case folding up bud tablets, finishing bud tablets upper end is
Can, use thickness for 0.4mm in bud socket part position when bud connects, it is strapped fixed that width for the plastic film tape of 2.5cm twine, usually
6~8 circle of winding.Bud is connected into 1 month saw anvil after work, then carries out conventional water and fertilizer management.
2. tender tip is grafted：It cultivates 30~35 days after carrying out saw anvil to stock, after budling is sprouted, in August, 2014, adopts
The budling tender tip 150 in phase of sprouting and leaf stretching period for integrating grafting survival for the first time carries out second of grafting as scion, uses
Indoor cortex grafting method carries out, 32~35 DEG C of indoor temperature, relative air humidity 70%.Grafting height is less than or equal to apart from ground
10cm is less than positive knife and taps rubber face bottommost, stock is grown directly from seeds nutrient bag using the GT1 clone seeds of a diameter of 0.4~1.4cm
(stock for being in the discoloration phase is not easy peeling, should not select, and the stock in remaining phenological period is available, and pours water in advance, makes for nursery
Rootstock seedling moisture is sufficient, is easy from skin).
3. managing after grafting：By Seedling bag in sand bed in double-row type or three row's formula display rooms, sand bed is wide after the completion of grafting
Then 60cm waters, soil moisture content is 20~25% in Seedling bag, and watering is preferably light, prevents water droplet from flowing into interface, and it is close to close window
For envelope with moisturizing, the indoor relative humidity control of temperature is the most advantageous to calli induction between 85~90%, not only avoids
Scion dehydration is wilted, and also prevents going rotten for interface, scion, also can be to seedbed replenishing water and preserving moisture because lack of air is choked to death.It is described
Greenhouse optimal temperature is 25~30 DEG C, not only improves graft and faster generates more callus, and is most suitable for grafting
Carry out photosynthesis.5~7d ventilates after grafting, i.e., window opens some small gaps, prevents scion mouldy, increases window crack after 7d
Gap, the cooling of 10~15d rear ventings, wet down, solves rope after 25~30 days, in order to allow grafting fast-growth, survive Xie Shenghou with suddenly
Glan nutrient solution pours once, should mend and connect immediately to the nursery stock not survived.
Embodiment two
1. bud connects Culturing maternal plant：The sexual system for choosing plantation in 1989 in 2014 is in healthy growth state, is disease-free
The above the average age for marriage breeding tree of resistance and high-yielding of insect pest is scion-seed tree, the age of tree 25 years or more, the stem girth 87cm or more at 1.5m, has been enter into the
Three faces cut regenerated bark and adopt glue.It faces south at the top of acquisition tree crown, 7~September age upright branch of robust growth, leaf fluffy stabilization in top is old
Change or terminal bud sprout, the extend to branch of leaf stretching period can all be cut.Select it is raw Ye Pengzhong, lower blade axil in
The big and full leaf bud of bud eye is scion (sprouting after taking over a job fast and healthy and strong, be optimal bud).Trunk forming layer comes into play
It is grafted when can be from skin, the application budding method of in September, 2014 is grafted.Stock is asexual using the GT1 of a diameter of 1.5~1.7cm
It is that seed grows directly from seeds transplanted seedling (stock for being in the discoloration phase is not easy peeling, should not select, and the stock in remaining phenological period is available).
The bud tablets 200 of 5~7cm are cut, bud is connected in the proliferation nursery lot that rootstock seedling cultivates.If weather is especially arid, to promote
It is grown into forming layer, is easy to peeling, bud connects first 5~7 days and waters, and waters within 3~5 days after bud connects, avoids pollution wrapping not tight
Bud socket part position.When opening bud interface, the abdomen capsule skin of base portion 0.5cm long is only stayed, in case bud tablets are folded up, finishing bud tablets upper end,
Use thickness for 0.4mm in bud socket part position when bud connects, it is strapped fixed that width for the plastic film tape of 2.5cm twine, and usually winds 6
~8 circles.Bud does not saw anvil after being connected into work, then carries out conventional water and fertilizer management.
2. tender tip is grafted：In mid-March, 2015 carries out saw anvil to stock, then cultivates 45~55 days, waits for that budling is sprouted
Afterwards, in May, 2015, the excellent maternal plant without disease pest harm and robust growth that selection cultivates in proliferation nursery lot is taken
Bud connects coppice shoot 150 and is grafted.Grafting is carried out using indoor cortex grafting method, 32~35 DEG C of indoor temperature, relative air humidity
60%.Stock (is in the stock of discoloration phase not using the GT1 clone seeds nutritional bag that grows directly from seeds of a diameter of 0.4~1.4cm
Easy peeling should not select, and the stock in remaining phenological period is available, and pours water in advance, keep rootstock seedling moisture sufficient, be easy from
Skin；Wherein, the stock of stationary phase to rigid extraction 2~3cm long tender tips is most suitable for grafting).When the non-lamina of clip and the small bronze phase
Tender tip makees 100, scion, is cut at highly about 7~10cm to insufficient annual stock, then thereon by scion grafting.
3. managing after grafting：By Seedling bag in sand bed in double-row type display room after the completion of grafting, the wide 60cm of sand bed, then
It watering, soil moisture content is 20~25% in Seedling bag, and watering is preferably light, prevents water droplet from flowing into interface, and pass window is sealed with moisturizing,
The indoor relative humidity control of temperature is the most advantageous to calli induction between 85~90%, not only avoids scion dehydration
It wilts, also prevents going rotten for interface, scion, also can be to seedbed replenishing water and preserving moisture because lack of air is choked to death.The greenhouse is most suitable
Suitable temperature is 26~27 DEG C, not only improves graft and faster generates more callus, and most useful for grafting vigorous growth.
5~7d ventilates after grafting, i.e., window opens some small gaps, prevents scion mouldy, increases window gap after 7d, leads to after 10~15d
Wind cooling, wet down, solve rope after 28~29 days, in order to allow grafting fast-growth, survive Xie Shenghou and pour one with Huo Gelan nutrient solutions
It is secondary, the nursery stock not survived should be mended immediately and connect.
Embodiment three
1. bud connects Culturing maternal plant：The sexual system for choosing plantation in 1987 in 2014 is in healthy growth state, is disease-free
The above the average age for marriage breeding tree of resistance and high-yielding of insect pest is scion-seed tree, the age of tree 27 years or more, the stem girth 92cm or more at 1.5m, has been enter into the
Three faces cut regenerated bark and adopt glue.It faces south at the top of acquisition tree crown, 12~13 monthly ages upright branch of robust growth, the fluffy stabilization of top leaf
Aging or terminal bud sprout, the extend to branch of leaf stretching period can all be cut, and be selected raw in Ye Pengzhong, the axil of lower blade
In the big and full leaf bud of bud eye be scion (sprouting after taking over a job fast and healthy and strong, be optimal bud).Trunk forming layer starts to live
It is dynamic to graft when be from skin.In July, 2014 is grafted using budding method.Stock using a diameter of 1.8~2.0cm GT1 without
Property system seed grow directly from seeds that (stock for being in the discoloration phase is not easy peeling to transplanted seedling, should not select, and the stock in remaining phenological period can profit
With).The bud tablets 200 of 5~7cm are cut, bud is connected in the proliferation nursery lot that rootstock seedling cultivates.If weather is especially arid,
To promote forming layer growth, it is easy to peeling, bud connects first 5~7 days and waters, and waters within 3~5 days after bud connects, avoids pollution wrapping not tight
Real bud socket part position.When opening bud interface, the abdomen capsule skin of base portion 0.5cm long is only stayed, in case folding up bud tablets, finishing bud tablets upper end is
Can, use thickness for 0.4mm in bud socket part position when bud connects, it is strapped fixed that width for the plastic film tape of 2.5cm twine, usually
6~8 circle of winding.Bud is connected into the latter moon saw anvil living, then carries out conventional water and fertilizer management.
2. tender tip grafts childrenization nursery：It is cultivated 35~45 days after carrying out saw anvil to stock, after budling is sprouted, in current year
September, the excellent maternal plant without disease pest harm and robust growth that selection cultivates in proliferation nursery lot, takes bud and connects coppice shoot 150
Branch is grafted.Grafting is carried out using indoor cortex grafting method, 32~35 DEG C of indoor temperature, relative air humidity 65%.Stock is adopted
Being grown directly from seeds with the GT1 clone seeds of a diameter of 0.4~1.4cm, (stock for being in the discoloration phase is not easy peeling to nutritional bag, unsuitable
It selects, the stock in remaining phenological period is available, and pours water in advance, keeps rootstock seedling moisture sufficient, is easy from skin；Wherein, work as anvil
The wooden ceiling leaf is best grafting period when being in stationary phase to rigid extraction 5~10cm long tender tips).When the non-lamina of clip and small bronze
The tender tip of phase makees 100, scion, is cut at highly about 7~10cm to insufficient annual stock, then thereon by scion grafting.
3. managing after grafting：By Seedling bag in sand bed in three row's formula display rooms after the completion of grafting, the wide 60cm of sand bed, then
It watering, soil moisture content is 20~25% in Seedling bag, and watering is preferably light, prevents water droplet from flowing into interface, and pass window is sealed with moisturizing,
The indoor relative humidity control of temperature is the most advantageous to calli induction between 85~90%, not only avoids scion dehydration
It wilts, also prevents going rotten for interface, scion, also can be to seedbed replenishing water and preserving moisture because lack of air is choked to death.The greenhouse is most suitable
Suitable temperature is 28~30 DEG C, not only improves graft and faster generates more callus, and it is photosynthetic to be most suitable for grafting progress
Operative temperature.5~7d ventilates after grafting, i.e., window opens some small gaps, prevents scion mouldy, increase window gap after 7d, and 10
The cooling of~15d rear ventings, wet down, solve rope after 25~27 days, in order to allow grafting fast-growth, survive Xie Shenghou and sought with Huo Gelan
Nutrient solution is poured once, should be mended and be connect immediately to the nursery stock not survived.
Two, tender tip grafts childrenization effect identification
1. the nursery effect of vertical branch leaf bud is identified：
To identify the nursery effect of vertical branch leaf bud, nursery is connect to the bud of the rubber select tree vertical branch leaf bud of above-described embodiment
Situation is observed, and bud connects strain number to statistics, bud is connected into strain number living, is calculated bud take, be the results are shown in Table 1.
The bud of 1 rubber select tree vertical branch leaf bud of table connects nursery situation
| Project | Bud connects strain number/strain | Survive strain number/strain | Bud take/% |
| Embodiment one | 200 | 191 | 95.5 |
| Embodiment two | 200 | 193 | 96.5 |
| Embodiment three | 200 | 190 | 95.0 |
Above-mentioned bud connect the result shows that, compared with the bud take of conventional bud tablets 90% or so, the present invention utilize degeneration-resistant height
Produce at the top of the tree crown of above the average age for marriage breeding tree on the sunny side, on 3~13 monthly ages upright branch of robust growth it is raw in Ye Pengzhong, lower blade
Axil in the big and full leaf bud of bud eye carry out ortet rejuvenation cultivation as bud scion, there is higher bud take,
Variance analysis shows that bud take of the invention is significantly higher than the value (P of conventional bud tablets<0.05).
2. fringe is identified with tender tip childrenization nursery effect：
To identify fringe tender tip childrenization nursery effect, maternal plant tender tip childrenization graft seedling growth is connect to the rejuvenation bud of above-described embodiment
Situation is observed, and statistics grafting strain number, grafting survival strain number calculate graft survival rate, the results are shown in Table 2.
2 bud of table connects the childrenization graft seedling growth situation of maternal plant tender tip
| Project | Graft strain number/strain | Survive strain number/strain | Graft survival rate/% |
| Embodiment one | 150 | 144 | 96.0 |
| Embodiment two | 150 | 146 | 97.3 |
| Embodiment three | 150 | 143 | 95.3 |
The grafting of above-mentioned childrenization the result shows that, compared with the bud take of the conventional bud tablets 90% or so of non-rejuvenation, this hair
The tender tip that the age is small on the bright maternal plant using Culturing, energetic, growing way is prosperous carries out grafting childrenization nursery, has higher transfer
It is connected into motility rate, variance analysis shows that graft survival rate of the invention is significantly higher than the value (P of the conventional bud tablets of non-rejuvenation<0.05).
3. the growth of tender tip childrenization grafting is identified：
To investigate growth performance, by the childrenization transplantation of seedlings crop field of tender tip grafting incubation.Grown in field experiment is using pairs of
Method designs, and is control with conventional budding seedling.Annual late December carries out full the seedling number of depositing of seedling age up to 1 year or more trial zone
Face counts, and it is primary to measure rubber seedling stem girth, is cut until opening, and measurement site at 1m, first counts its year thickening above the bud contact
Amount, then the current year uniformity is found out, then basis deposits seedling number and transplanting basic seedling amount calculates survival rate of seedlings.It the results are shown in Table 3.
Growing state after the field planting of 3 tender tip childrenization grafting of table
| Type | Average annual thickening amount/cm plants-1 | The uniformity/% | Survival rate of seedlings/% |
| Conventional budding seedling | 3.8 | 72 | 90.2 |
| Tender tip childrenization grafting | 4.5 | 87 | 95.3 |
The variance analysis of growth test result shows that the average annual thickening amount, the uniformity, planting percent three of 2 kinds of graftings are fixed greatly
It plants seedlings and considers indicator difference up to significance (P<0.01 or P<0.05).
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of rubber select tree tender tip grafts childrenization method for culturing seedlings, which is characterized in that its step are as follows：
(1) bud connects Culturing maternal plant：It is to adopt to choose the above the average age for marriage breeding tree of resistance and high-yielding in healthy growth state, no disease and pests harm
Fringe elite stand, at the top of acquisition tree crown on the sunny side, 3~13 monthly ages upright branch of robust growth, select raw in Ye Pengzhong, lower blade
Axil in the big and full leaf bud of bud eye as scion；Stock is real using the GT1 clones seed of a diameter of 0.6~2.0cm
Raw transplanted seedling；Bud tablets bud is connected on rootstock seedling by the bud tablets that 5~7cm is cut when grafting using budding method, and bud connects 3~5 days latter
Watering, bud saw anvil after being connected into work, then carry out conventional water and fertilizer management；The above the average age for marriage breeding tree refers to the age of tree at 20 years or more,
Stem girth 70cm or more at 1.5m has been enter into third face and cuts regenerated bark and adopt glue, can keep the gum of prosperous production；It is described upright
Branch refers to that the fluffy stable aging of top leaf or terminal bud are sprouted, extend to the branch of leaf stretching period；
(2) tender tip is grafted：Survival and growth budder after 2 months, acquires the bud in sprout phase and leaf stretching period of grafting survival for the first time
Seedlings picking tender tip is that scion carries out second of grafting, and grafting is carried out using indoor cortex grafting method, 32~35 DEG C of indoor temperature, air phase
To humidity 60~70%；Stock is grown directly from seeds nutritional bag using the GT1 clone seeds of a diameter of 0.4~1.4cm, grafting height
It is less than or equal to 10cm apart from ground, that is, is less than positive knife rubber tapping face bottommost；
The operating process of the cortex grafting method is：1) stock is cut, is cut stock or sawed-off at 0.1~0.2cm above grafting position,
The position grafted is needed to choose out bast from xylem in stock with medical surgical knife point of a knife；2) scion is cut, first by scion master
Bud back side base portion is whittled into the long bevel of one long 1.5~2.0cm horse ear shapes, then opposite tip is whittled into length and is less than the small of 0.3cm
Section makes to be in flat wedge below scion, convenient for being inserted into stock, then gently respectively cuts a knife in wedge both sides, removes few above
Perhaps cortex, depth reach bast, are allowed to expose forming layer；3) scion cut is inserted into bast by grafting fringe and bondage
Between xylem, until long bevel no longer exposes to stock section, short bevel submerges stock cortex, and scion, which is plugged, to be inserted firmly, and is used in combination
The nylon rope for being torn into wide 0.2cm slices is tied up, and is come from tied rope head more than elder generation when jag, is wound successively from bottom to top since interface,
Winding should uniformly, when being wound into the stock end return to remainder and simultaneously be wound to below interface, and jag is from bundle with former jag remainder
It can；
(3) managing after grafting：By Seedling bag in sand bed in double-row type or three row's formula display rooms, sand bed is wide after the completion of grafting
Then 60cm waters, soil moisture content is 20~25% in Seedling bag, the control of temperature indoor relative humidity 85~90% it
Between；5~7d ventilates after grafting, i.e., window opens some small gaps, prevents scion mouldy, increase window gap after 7d, after 10~15d
Aeration-cooling, wet down solves rope after 25~30 days, in order to allow grafting fast-growth, survive Xie Shenghou and poured with Huo Gelan nutrient solutions
Once, the nursery stock not survived should be mended immediately and connects.
2. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The temperature in the greenhouse of step 3) is 25~30 DEG C.
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| CN106941936A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-07-14 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | The big tree childrenization method of hardwood nanmu |
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| CN109302986A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-05 | 湖北民族学院 | A kind of method of nanmu select tree tissue cultures childrenization |
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| CN114190179B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-02-24 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Method for improving bud grafting survival rate and strong seedling rate of rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedlings |
| CN115643965B (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-06-27 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for improving powdery mildew resistance of high-quality rubber tree product seeds |
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| SU1556581A1 (en) * | 1987-11-26 | 1990-04-15 | Белорусский технологический институт им.С.М.Кирова | Rubber-base composition for binding graftings of plants |
| CN101120641B (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2011-08-10 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Seedling budding method for rubber tree minitype bud sticks |
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| CN103503699B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-05-13 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Reproduction method for rejuvenizing excellent mature individual plant of rubber tree |
| CN103598021B (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-02-04 | 赵心灵 | Grafting cultivation domestication method for camphor trees suitable for growing in north |
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