CN103650859A - Rice stubble spring potato groove-expanding soil-hilling anti-frost cultivation method - Google Patents
Rice stubble spring potato groove-expanding soil-hilling anti-frost cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103650859A CN103650859A CN201310641320.0A CN201310641320A CN103650859A CN 103650859 A CN103650859 A CN 103650859A CN 201310641320 A CN201310641320 A CN 201310641320A CN 103650859 A CN103650859 A CN 103650859A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice stubble spring potato groove-expanding soil-hilling anti-frost cultivation method. The method includes: A), ridging, wherein a ridge face is 100cm in width, and a ridge furrow is 40cm in width; B), deepening a groove, namely timely deepening the groove after ridging, hoeing the ridge groove to be 25cm below a land face, carrying soil blocks into a ridge to form a soil ridge 30cm in width, and forming two seeding furrows 15cm in width and 13cm in depth together with a ridge-edge soil ridge; C), applying base fertilizer; D), seeding, namely seeding two rows for each ridge, wherein row spacing is 50cm, and plant spacing is 26cm; E), earthing, namely clearing the ridge furrow, leveling the ridge face and earthing to cover potato seedlings; F), filming, namely timely filming after seeding and earthing; G), preventing freezing; H), hilling, namely performing groove expanding and soil hilling when seedling height is about 20cm, wherein hilling elevation is 16-18cm higher than a land face; I), managing. By the method, full-land ploughing and caving are omitted, intertillage weeding times are reduced, seedling emergence time can be earlier about half a mouth due to covering a plastic film after seeding, the plastic film is uncovered after seedling emergence to cultivate strong seedlings through solarization and night exposure, and frost is prevented by covering a heat insulating material at the lowest temperature of 3 DEG C, so that stable and high yield of spring potatoes cultivated in rice stubble winter fallow land is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods of cultivation of potato, relate in particular to the methods of cultivation that ditch hilling frost protection plantation spring potato is expanded in southern rice stubble field in winter slack.
Background technology
After the autumn harvest of south China paddy rice, double rice cropping system autumn planting area is few, winter slack, field area was many, the field in winter slack that also there is certain area in the semilate rice district of rice wheat (oil) double cropping and late rice district, field plantation in winter slack spring potato can develop area, the sowing area that is equivalent to more than 7,000 ten thousand mu of potatos China's whole year, southern rice stubble Tian Shi in winter slack China grain-production new growth point.Potato is half cold-resistant crop of nutritious grain dish dual-purpose, and property happiness cools, and is afraid of frost, avoid sweltering heat, preference temperature is grown in the environment of 15-20 ℃, when temperature surpasses 25 ℃, ground stem stops expanding, but temperature is lower than 0 ℃, and the branches and leaves of acrial part also can be withered.As long as seedling is not subject to the harm of frost after being unearthed, the early sowing of just should trying one's best, this is because potato is during nourishing and growing, not too responsive to thermotonus, and it is comparatively responsive to thermotonus to have arrived potato piece expanding stage.The half hardy characteristic of potato is the desirable kind plant in field in winter slack, South Rice Region of China.Potato, about the 100 days time of infertility, also can suitably be gathered in the crops in advance, although affect the output of stem tuber, in the alternately shortage of spring and summer vegetables, in the period that dish valency is higher, can ensure supply, and stabilizes dish valency, enriches market.The potato going on the market in advance, about the price while conventionally gathering in the crops than large area will double, thereby the output value can not reduce.Potato is tuber crops, compares with large (little) wheat with rape, has suitably the advantage of results in advance, and the technology such as supporting potato film-mulching cultivation, can accomplish to rise stubble in good time and plant early rice, in more can not affecting, the planting season of late rice.Potato stubble is better than the soil structure in field in winter slack, is conducive to paddy rice and early sends out high yield.The high yield techniques such as potato detoxicating, stock breeding, plastic mulching at present are all widely applied, rice stubble field in winter slack is the desirable crops for rotation of spring potato, why can not get applying? reason is that rice stubble soil knot tying granular structure is poor, can not meet the growth needs of High Yield Potato high-quality.The innovation methods of cultivation, rationally irrigation and drainage, improve solid, liquid, gas three in soil and compare, and create good soil structure, realize the good quality of rice stubble field in winter slack plantation spring High Yield Potato stable yields, and Jiang Dui China grain and vegetables produce and produce far-reaching influence.
At present, the potato farming of rice stubble spring adopts to plough beats cave implantation methods, and concrete grammar comprises the following steps.
1, plough, after autumn harvesting and sowing finishes, the dark 13cm of rice stubble plate Tagayasu Den left and right, soil block is dry wet freeze thawing improvement soil through 1-2 month.
2, do furrow, seedbed preparation, furrow face width 120cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch depth arrives 15cm under the face of field, holostrome hack leveling furrow face.
3, beat cave, the dark 10cm in cave, furrow face distance between rows and hills 40 * 35cm, furrow ditch is at the average 53.3 * 35cm of interior distance between rows and hills, every mu of 3573 caves.
4, base manure, composite chemical fertilizer is executed in cave, the potato seed of semi supplied manure lid.
5, sowing, the In The Middle And Lower Reaches of two sides, the Changjiang river, the potato sowing phase in spring in late January to early Febuary, southward corresponding in advance.Before potato seed is put in cave, chemical fertilizer and soil are mixed and stirred and prevents from hindering potato seedling.
6, earthing, ditch cleaning ridging, leveling furrow face, potato seed overburden layer 8cm.
7, management, the technology such as application breeding, vernalization sowing, intertillage reason ditch, imposes fertilizer, control disease pest and weed etc.
Above-mentioned rice stubble is ploughed and is beaten cave plantation spring potato, has following defect.
1, time-consuming, rice stubble is ploughed, and does furrow corrugate, and it is time-consuming that holostrome hack is beaten cave wholely.
2, delay season, plough whole ground, beat bunch planting kind, run into the impact of sleet sky and sow wholely, often delay season.
3, stain evil is serious, ploughs and plays cave plantation, and the poor furrow ditch of soil layer utilization is shallow, the easy ponding of impeded drainage, and potato stain evil is serious.
4, overburden layer is thin, and potato raw is only intertilled ditch cleaning for a long time, and on potato seed, overburden layer is thin, the unfavorable how long potato potato of growing up.
5, emerge partially slow, open country plantation because of early spring temperature increase slow, emerge partially slow, strong cold air is gone down south potato acrial part and is subjected to freeze injury.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to overcome the potato farming of existing rice stubble spring time-consuming, delay season, stain evil is serious, and overburden layer is thin, emerges partially slow, subject to the defect of freeze injury, not only will emerge ahead of time, frost protection is striven strong sprout again, when solving topsoil crisp pastry, accomplish that the reasonable soil layer of soil structure is deep, a kind of rice stubble spring potato expansion ditch hilling frost protection methods of cultivation are provided.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of rice stubble spring potato expansion ditch hilling frost protection methods of cultivation, comprise the following steps.
A) do furrow, the mid or late November after autumn harvesting and sowing finishes, on rice stubble plate field, setting-out corrugate was done furrow to early and middle ten days in December.Furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch both sides are ploughed, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs on furrow limit, forms the rib of high 13cm.
B) zanjon, does after furrow zanjon in time, and people longitudinally stands in furrow ditch, soil block is moved up in furrow furrow ditch hoe is dark to 25cm under the face of field simultaneously, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm, forms 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark with furrow limit rib.
C) base manure: before potato sowing, row application in seed furrow.
D) sowing:, with planting dish spud, fertilizer is shown to loosen the soil to move on between two sowing points together with field, prevent that fertilizer hinders potato seedling, potato seed is placed on the plate field in seed furrow, with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil, the every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 45 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves.
E) earthing, after planting earthing immediately, hugs the crisp soil of furrow side, clear furrow ditch, soil crushing, flat furrow face, covers the 10cm layer that loosens the soil on rice stubble plate field.
F) epiphragma, covers plastic film in time after sowing earthing, improve ground temperature and promote growth.
G) antifreeze, potato begins in seedling stage, to throw off plastic film, weeds with a hoe, and weather exposure is educated strong sprout, covers plastic film insulation frost protection during 3 ℃ of minimum temperatures.
H) hilling, potato set grows tall and expands ditch hilling about 20cm, and the 7.5cm of furrow side is all cut out on both sides, heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots limit, sideline judge limit ditch cleaning, furrow face is stopped up the high above 16cm of field face of arriving.
I) management, carries out daily field management.
Further, described step H) hilling, before expanding ditch hilling, use farmers''s compost, rotten straw etc., to cut out furrow side soil and should suitably reduce, on the face of field, hilling height is controlled at 16-18cm.
Further, described anti-freezing and heat-insulating material is straw screen or mat.
Further, described anti-freezing and heat-insulating material is the door curtain made of cloth.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, the rice stubble spring potato expansion ditch hilling frost protection methods of cultivation, save full Tagayasu Den and turn over, beat cave and reduce intertill and clean tillage number of times, and main farming operation completes to get furrow ditch soil heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots furrow face, simplifies and gets twice the result with half the effort.Broadcast rear epiphragma and can emerge ahead of time about two weeks, take off film weather exposure and educate strong sprout after emerging, during cold wave, temperature drops to 3 ℃ and covers material which can retain moisture frost protections.Utilize the characteristic of rice stubble field in winter slack soil, comply with the feature of south weather in spring, adapt to the habit of potato tubers growth, per unit area yield is 2700 kilograms of left and right, and mu amplification reaches more than 90%.The present invention has realized the high and stable yields of rice stubble field in winter slack plantation spring potato, and economic, social, Ecological Effect Yidu is improved.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1.
The rice stubble spring potato of soil mud field alive is expanded the ditch hilling straw screen or mat frost protection methods of cultivation, takes following steps.
A) ditching, the mud field of living after autumn harvest is dug matrix pattern or intersecting parallels ditch, and drain ditch outside dredging field, reduces water in field position, makes the dry and comfortable suitable farming in plate field.
B) do furrow, furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch both sides are ploughed, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs on furrow limit, forms the rib of high 13cm.
C) zanjon, does after furrow zanjon in time, soil block is moved up in furrow furrow ditch hoe is dark to 25cm under the face of field simultaneously, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm, and to form 2 15cm wide with furrow limit rib, the seed furrow that 13cm is dark.
D) base manure: before potato sowing, row application in seed furrow.
E) sowing: with planting dish spud, fertilizer is shown to loosen the soil to move on between two sowing points together with field, prevent that fertilizer hinders potato seedling, potato seed is placed on the plate field in seed furrow, with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil, the every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 45 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves.
F) earthing, after planting earthing immediately, hugs the crisp soil of furrow side, clear furrow ditch, soil crushing, flat furrow face, covers the 10cm layer that loosens the soil on rice stubble plate field.
G) epiphragma, covers mulch film in time after sowing earthing, improve ground temperature and promote growth.
H) antifreeze, potato begins in seedling stage, to throw off plastic film, weeds with a hoe, and weather exposure is educated strong sprout, covers straw screen or mat insulation frost protection during 3 ℃ of minimum temperatures.
I) hilling, potato set grows tall about 20cm, expands ditch hilling, and the 7.5cm of furrow side is all cut out on both sides, heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots limit, sideline judge limit ditch cleaning, furrow face is stopped up the high above 16cm of field face of arriving.
J) management, carries out daily field management.
Embodiment 2.
The rice stubble spring potato that imposes farmers''s miscellaneous fertilizers is expanded the ditch hilling door curtain made of cloth frost protection methods of cultivation, takes following steps.
A) do furrow, the mid or late November after autumn harvesting and sowing finishes, on rice stubble plate field, setting-out corrugate was done furrow to early and middle ten days in December.Furrow face width 100cm, furrow furrow width 40cm, furrow ditch both sides are ploughed, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs on furrow limit, forms the rib of high 13cm.
B) zanjon, does after furrow zanjon in time, soil block is moved up in furrow furrow ditch hoe is dark to 25cm under the face of field simultaneously, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm, and to form 2 15cm wide with furrow limit rib, the seed furrow that 13cm is dark.
C) base manure: before potato sowing, row application in seed furrow.
D) sowing: with planting dish spud, fertilizer is shown to loosen the soil to move on between two sowing points together with field, prevent that fertilizer hinders potato seedling, potato seed is placed on the plate field in seed furrow, with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil, the every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 45 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves.
E) earthing, after planting earthing immediately, hugs the crisp soil of furrow side, clear furrow ditch, flat furrow face, lid potato seed, covers the 10cm layer that loosens the soil on rice stubble plate field.
F) epiphragma, covers mulch film in time after sowing earthing, improve ground temperature and promote growth.
G) antifreeze, potato begins in seedling stage, to throw off mulch film, weeds with a hoe, and weather exposure is educated strong sprout, drop cloth curtain insulation frost protection during 3 ℃ of minimum temperatures.
H) hilling, potato set grows tall and expands ditch hilling about 20cm, uses farmers''s miscellaneous fertilizers, rotten straw etc. before hilling, cuts out furrow side soil and should suitably reduce, and on the face of field, hilling height is controlled at 16-18cm, should not be too high.
I) management, carries out daily field management.
Claims (4)
1. potato is expanded ditch hilling frost protection methods of cultivation the rice stubble spring, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A) do furrow, directly on the rice stubble plate field of not ploughing, setting-out corrugate is done furrow, furrow face width 100cm, and furrow furrow width 40cm, the wide 20cm of corrugate soil block, thick 13cm, fitly ploughs in furrow face edge 20cm;
B) zanjon, does after furrow zanjon in time, and furrow ditch is uprooted 25cm under the face of field, soil block is moved up in furrow simultaneously, stacks into the wide rib of 30cm, forms 2 seed furrows that 15cm is wide, 13cm is dark with furrow limit rib;
C) base manure: before potato sowing, row application in seed furrow;
D) sowing: with planting dish spud, fertilizer is shown to loosen the soil to move on between two sowing points together with field, prevent that fertilizer hinders potato seedling, potato seed is placed on the plate field in seed furrow, with the drowning potato seed of loosening the soil, the every drill seeding 2 row, these furrow distance between rows and hills 45 * 26cm, every mu of sowing 3663 caves;
E) earthing, the clear flat furrow face of furrow ditch, the potato seed of earthing lid;
F) epiphragma, covers plastic film in time after sowing earthing;
G) antifreeze, potato begins to take off film seedling stage, during 3 ℃ of minimum temperatures, covers insulation material frost protection, and free of frost weather weather exposure is educated strong sprout;
H) hilling, potato height of seedling 20cm expands ditch hilling, 16-18cm on the face of hilling elevation field in left and right;
I) management, carries out daily field management.
2. potato is expanded the ditch hilling frost protection methods of cultivation rice stubble spring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step H recited above) hilling, before expanding ditch hilling, use farmers''s miscellaneous fertilizers, rotten straw etc., cut out furrow side soil and should suitably reduce, on the face of field, hilling height is controlled at 16-18cm.
3. the rice stubble spring potato expansion ditch hilling frost protection methods of cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that step G recited above) antifreeze, insulation material is straw screen or mat.
4. the rice stubble spring potato expansion ditch hilling frost protection methods of cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that step G recited above) antifreeze, insulation material is the door curtain made of cloth.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN104255127A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-01-07 | 天祝雪峰源农产品开发有限公司 | Method for sowing seeds before First Frost and special equipment matched with method |
| CN113317152A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-08-31 | 福建省北繁南种瑞丰农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting southern potatoes by utilizing winter fallow field autumn planting winter harvesting |
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| DE10057478A1 (en) * | 1999-11-22 | 2002-12-12 | Alfred Frohnert | Method for promoting flowering and seed formation in potatoes comprises planting frost-resistant Friede potatoes in early spring |
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Patent Citations (4)
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| DE10057478A1 (en) * | 1999-11-22 | 2002-12-12 | Alfred Frohnert | Method for promoting flowering and seed formation in potatoes comprises planting frost-resistant Friede potatoes in early spring |
| JP2002125482A (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-05-08 | A & U Kk | Freezing and frost damage-preventing device |
| CN101543165A (en) * | 2009-04-18 | 2009-09-30 | 狄正兴 | Method needing no tilling and punching for tilling rice stubble rape field |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104255127A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-01-07 | 天祝雪峰源农产品开发有限公司 | Method for sowing seeds before First Frost and special equipment matched with method |
| CN113317152A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-08-31 | 福建省北繁南种瑞丰农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting southern potatoes by utilizing winter fallow field autumn planting winter harvesting |
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Application publication date: 20140326 |