CN113317152A - Method for planting southern potatoes by utilizing winter fallow field autumn planting winter harvesting - Google Patents
Method for planting southern potatoes by utilizing winter fallow field autumn planting winter harvesting Download PDFInfo
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- CN113317152A CN113317152A CN202110789417.0A CN202110789417A CN113317152A CN 113317152 A CN113317152 A CN 113317152A CN 202110789417 A CN202110789417 A CN 202110789417A CN 113317152 A CN113317152 A CN 113317152A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of potato planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting southern potatoes by utilizing winter fallow field autumn winter harvest, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of seed potato treatment, soil treatment, planting, whole-process mechanized service, field management and timely harvest, a method of mulching film covering is omitted, and meanwhile, the method is summarized through practical experience of several years, under the climate conditions with large temperature difference in the morning and at night, potatoes with the temperature of more than 30 ℃ can successfully emerge at the rate of more than 90% at noon and at high temperature, so that the problems that the emergence rate is low and the yield is seriously reduced due to the fact that the potatoes are killed when the emergence time reaches the bottom of the film are effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of potato planting, in particular to a method for planting southern potatoes by utilizing winter fallow field autumn winter harvest.
Background
The potato has strong adaptability and high yield, and is one of four grain crops in the world. After rice is harvested in a rice cropping area in southern China, a large number of winter-idle fields are in an idle state and are suitable for developing potato planting, but at present, potatoes are planted in the winter-idle rice fields, generally, after soil turning and land preparation, holes are dug for sowing the potatoes, then soil is covered, or early-stage covering is carried out after soil covering, the precipitation in the south is high, the method of planting by using a mulching film has certain defects, during the seedling emergence stage, because the sun irradiates on the mulching film to generate high temperature, the seedling emergence duration reaches the bottom of the mulching film, other new seedlings can grow on roots and stems, but the time is too late, the harvesting time is influenced, and the yield reduction condition is likely to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting southern potatoes by utilizing winter fallow field autumn and winter harvest, which aims to solve the problems that the high temperature is generated on a mulching film due to solar irradiation, the seedling emergence time is dead due to scalding to the bottom of the film, the harvesting time is influenced, and the yield is possibly reduced in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for planting southern potatoes by winter fallow in autumn and winter harvest in winter comprises the following steps:
step 1: treating seed potatoes, namely selecting early-maturing varieties with short growth period and strong adaptability, uniformly discharging the seed potatoes in a dry, cool and ventilated place indoors, removing diseases, rotten, miscellaneous and inferior potatoes, cutting the seed potatoes into blocks before sowing, wherein each block is provided with at least one bud eye, treating the blocks to naturally break the dormant period, and finally covering plant ash or quicklime for germination acceleration;
step 2: treating the soil, namely selecting a slack winter rice field which is loose in fertility and rich in organic matters, adjusting the pH value of the soil in the rice field to 5.5-6.5, carrying out deep ploughing or deep scarification and paddy-upland rotation on the rice field, spraying a disinfectant on the soil to disinfect the soil, finally ditching and leveling the soil into ridge fields with the width of 70cm and the height of 30cm, adopting single-ridge single-row planting, and having a row spacing of 120 cm-140 cm and a hole spacing of 15-20 cm;
and step 3: planting, namely selecting seed potatoes subjected to pregermination treatment in the step 1, selecting seed potatoes with seed buds of 2-5 cm for sowing, sowing the seed potatoes with the seed buds into the soil subjected to treatment in the step 2, wherein the planting depth is 10-15 cm, putting 1 seed potato in each hole, and fertilizing and earthing up;
and 4, step 4: performing field management, namely uniformly spraying butachlor and claxon within 7-10 days after sowing to prevent and control weeds, simultaneously irrigating water to wet soil in a whole ditch from a growth period to an expansion period after sowing, fertilizing and intertilling again when seedlings emerge 80-90%, and performing pest control by using a pesticide in a seedling emergence period;
and 5: harvesting in good time, when the overground stems and leaves of the potatoes begin to fade yellow and age, the potatoes have sufficient nutrition accumulation, yield and quality, and must be harvested in time in a sunny day, and the potatoes are stacked in a shade after being dried and removed of soil.
Preferably, in the step 1, the weight of each cut piece is 30-50g when the seed potatoes are cut into pieces, the cut pieces are triangular and wedge-shaped, and after rotten potatoes are cut, a cutter is sterilized by 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 75% alcohol solution and then used.
Preferably, the germination accelerating treatment in the step 1 is to place the seed potatoes in wet sandy soil with the thickness of 10cm, cover the seed potatoes with a layer of 5 cm-thick screened sandy soil, water the seed potatoes by using a watering can, keep the soil wet, and keep the soil temperature at 20 ℃.
Preferably, a small amount of thin bio-organic fertilizer grains are buried in the soil surface before planting in the step 3, so as to accelerate the growth of the root system.
Preferably, the fertilizer for fertilization in the step 3 is a ternary compound fertilizer 15-10-20 or a sprinkling fertilizer 16-8-20, and 30g and 1000g of phoxim granules are mixed into toxic soil to be scattered in the sowing trenches along ridges while fertilizing.
Preferably, when the sowing is carried out in the step 3, the bud eyes are downward, such as the furrow is opened in the furrow for fertilizing, the bud eyes are inward, and the potato blocks cannot be directly contacted with the fertilizer.
Preferably, when the seedlings are unearthed and fertilized again in the step 4, the fertilizer is applied around the plants and cannot directly contact the base parts of the plants so as to prevent the seedlings from being injured.
Preferably, the disinfectant in the step 2 is a copper sulfate solution or a plant ash solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the invention, a method of mulching film is cancelled, and meanwhile, through practical experience conclusion of several years, under the climate condition with large temperature difference in the morning and evening and at high temperature in noon, the potato emergence rate can reach more than 90% smoothly, so that the problems that the harvest time is affected and the yield is reduced because the potato is killed by scalding when the seedling emergence time reaches the film bottom are effectively solved.
2) The planting method of the invention can ensure the high quality and high yield of the potatoes, thereby improving the income of farmers, leading the planted potatoes to have better quality, adding the blank of new fresh potatoes in the market and having certain market competitiveness.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that:
example 1:
step 1: treating seed potatoes, selecting early-maturing varieties with short growth period and strong adaptability, uniformly discharging the seed potatoes in a dry, cool and ventilated place indoors, removing diseases, rotten, miscellaneous and bad potatoes, cutting the seed potatoes into blocks before sowing, wherein the weight of each block is 32g, each block is triangular and wedge-shaped, after the diseased and rotten potatoes are cut, a cutter is sterilized by 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 75% alcohol solution and then used, each block is provided with at least one bud eye, then the blocks are treated to naturally break a dormant period, finally, plant ash or quicklime is covered for germination acceleration treatment, wherein the germination acceleration treatment is to place the seed potatoes in moist sandy soil with the thickness of 10cm, a layer of screened sandy soil with the thickness of 5cm is covered on the blocks, watering is carried out by a sprinkling can, the soil is kept moist, and the soil temperature is kept at 20 degrees;
step 2: treating soil, namely selecting a winter-fallow rice field which is loose enough in fertility and rich in organic matters, adjusting the pH value of the soil in the rice field to 6.1, carrying out deep ploughing or deep scarification on the rice field, spraying a disinfectant on the soil to disinfect the soil, finally ditching and shaping ridges with the width of 70cm and the height of 30cm, and adopting single-ridge single-row planting with the ridge-furrow spacing of 15cm and the hole spacing of 15 cm;
and step 3: planting, namely selecting the seed potatoes subjected to the pregermination treatment in the step 1, selecting the seed potatoes with the seed buds of 3cm for sowing, sowing the seed potatoes with the seeds in the soil subjected to the pregermination treatment in the step 2, burying a small amount of thin bio-organic fertilizer grains on the surface of the soil before planting to accelerate the growth of a root system, wherein the planting depth is 12cm, putting 1 seed potato in each hole, and applying and earthing up the seed potatoes;
and 4, step 4: performing field management, namely uniformly spraying butachlor and claxon 7 days after sowing to control weeds, simultaneously irrigating water and wetting soil in a whole ditch in a growth period and an expansion period after sowing, fertilizing, intertilling and earthing up again when 80% of seedlings emerge, and using a pesticide to control insect pests in a seedling emergence period;
and 5: harvesting in good time, when the overground stems and leaves of the potatoes begin to fade yellow and age, the potatoes have sufficient nutrition accumulation, yield and quality, and must be harvested in time in a sunny day, and the potatoes are stacked in a shade after being dried and removed of soil.
Example 2:
step 1: treating seed potatoes, selecting early-maturing varieties with short growth period and strong adaptability, uniformly discharging the seed potatoes in a dry, cool and ventilated place indoors, removing diseases, rotten, miscellaneous and bad potatoes, cutting the seed potatoes into blocks before sowing, wherein the weight of each block is 40g, each block is triangular and wedge-shaped, after the diseased and rotten potatoes are cut, a cutter is sterilized by 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 75% alcohol solution and then used, each block is provided with at least one bud eye, then the blocks are treated to naturally break a dormant period, finally, plant ash or quicklime is covered for germination acceleration treatment, wherein the germination acceleration treatment is to horizontally place the seed potatoes in moist sandy soil with the thickness of 10cm, a layer of screened sandy soil with the thickness of 5cm is covered on the blocks, watering is carried out by a sprinkling can, the soil is kept moist, and the soil temperature is kept at 20 degrees;
step 2: soil treatment, namely selecting a winter-idle rice field which is sufficient in loose fertility and rich in organic matters, adjusting the pH value of the soil in the rice field to 5.8, carrying out deep ploughing or deep scarification on the rice field, spraying a disinfectant on the soil to disinfect the soil, finally ditching and adjusting ridge furrow with width of 70cm and height of 30cm, and adopting single-ridge single-row planting with ridge furrow width of 20cm and hole spacing of 15 cm;
and step 3: planting, namely selecting seed potatoes subjected to germination accelerating treatment in the step 1, selecting seed potatoes with seed buds of 4cm for sowing, sowing the seed potatoes with the seeds in the soil subjected to germination accelerating treatment in the step 2, burying a small amount of thin bio-organic fertilizer grains on the surface of the soil before planting to accelerate the growth of a root system, wherein the planting depth is 15cm, 1 seed potato is placed in each hole, and fertilizing and earthing up are performed;
and 4, step 4: performing field management, namely uniformly spraying butachlor and claxon 8 days after sowing to control weeds, simultaneously irrigating water and wetting soil in full trenches in a growth period and an expansion period after sowing, fertilizing, intertilling and earthing up again when seedlings emerge 80%, and using a pesticide to control insect pests in an emergence period;
and 5: harvesting in good time, when the overground stems and leaves of the potatoes begin to fade yellow and age, the potatoes have sufficient nutrition accumulation, yield and quality, and must be harvested in time in a sunny day, and the potatoes are stacked in a shade after being dried and removed of soil.
Example 3:
step 1: treating seed potatoes, selecting early-maturing varieties with short growth period and strong adaptability, uniformly discharging the seed potatoes in a dry, cool and ventilated place indoors, removing diseases, rotten, miscellaneous and bad potatoes, cutting the seed potatoes into blocks before sowing, wherein the weight of each block is 48g, each block is triangular and wedge-shaped, after the diseased and rotten potatoes are cut, a cutter is sterilized by 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 75% alcohol solution and then used, each block is provided with at least one bud eye, then the blocks are treated to naturally break a dormant period, finally, plant ash or quicklime is covered for germination acceleration treatment, wherein the germination acceleration treatment is to place the seed potatoes in moist sandy soil with the thickness of 10cm, a layer of screened sandy soil with the thickness of 5cm is covered on the blocks, watering is carried out by a sprinkling can, the soil is kept moist, and the soil temperature is kept at 20 degrees;
step 2: treating soil, namely selecting a slack winter rice field which is loose enough in fertility and rich in organic matters, adjusting the pH value of the soil in the rice field to 6.1, carrying out deep ploughing or deep scarification on the rice field, spraying a disinfectant on the soil to disinfect the soil, finally ditching and shaping ridge beds with the width of 70cm and the height of 30cm, and adopting single-ridge single-row planting with the ridge-furrow distance of 25cm and the hole distance of 20 cm;
and step 3: planting, namely selecting the seed potatoes subjected to the pregermination treatment in the step 1, selecting the seed potatoes with the seed buds of 5cm for sowing, sowing the seed potatoes with the seeds into the soil subjected to the treatment in the step 2, burying a small amount of thin bio-organic fertilizer grains on the surface of the soil before planting to accelerate the growth of a root system, wherein the planting depth is 15cm, 1 seed potato is placed in each hole, and fertilizing is performed;
and 4, step 4: performing field management, namely uniformly spraying butachlor and claxon for weed control 10 days after sowing, simultaneously irrigating water and wetting soil in full ditch in a growing period and an expanding period after sowing, fertilizing again for intertillage hilling when seedlings emerge 90%, and performing pest control by using a pesticide in a seedling emergence period;
and 5: harvesting in good time, when the overground stems and leaves of the potatoes begin to fade yellow and age, the potatoes have sufficient nutrition accumulation, yield and quality, and must be harvested in time in a sunny day, and the potatoes are stacked in a shade after being dried and removed of soil.
The above embodiments 1 to 3 can be implemented in a full mechanized service mode, and can also be implemented in an industrial full managed mode.
The above table shows the detection results of the potatoes planted by the method of the first embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen from the above table that the high yield of the potatoes planted by the method of the present invention can be ensured, and the quality of the potatoes can be improved.
While there have been shown and described the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and advantages thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof; the present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A method for planting southern potatoes by using winter fallow field autumn seeds and winter harvest is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: treating seed potatoes, namely selecting early-maturing varieties with short growth period and strong adaptability, uniformly discharging the seed potatoes in a dry, cool and ventilated place indoors, removing diseases, rotten, miscellaneous and inferior potatoes, cutting the seed potatoes into blocks before sowing, wherein each block is provided with at least one bud eye, treating the blocks to naturally break the dormant period, and finally covering plant ash or quicklime for germination acceleration;
step 2: treating soil, namely selecting a slack winter rice field which is loose enough in fertility and rich in organic matters, adjusting the pH value of the soil in the rice field to 5.5-6.5, carrying out deep ploughing or deep scarification and paddy-upland rotation on the rice field, spraying a disinfectant on the soil to disinfect the soil, finally ditching and trimming ridge beds with the width of 70cm and the height of 30cm, adopting single-ridge single-row planting, and carrying out ridge-furrow spacing of 15-25cm and hole spacing of 15-20 cm;
and step 3: planting, namely selecting seed potatoes subjected to pregermination treatment in the step 1, selecting seed potatoes with seed buds of 2-5 cm for sowing, sowing the seed potatoes with the seed buds into the soil subjected to treatment in the step 2, wherein the planting depth is 10-15 cm, putting 1 seed potato in each hole, and fertilizing and earthing up;
and 4, step 4: performing field management, namely uniformly spraying butachlor and claxon 7-10 days after sowing to control weeds, simultaneously irrigating water and wetting soil in a whole ditch in a growth period and an expansion period after sowing, fertilizing, intertilling and earthing again when 80-90% of seedlings emerge, and using an insecticide to control insect pests in an emergence period;
and 5: harvesting in good time, when the overground stems and leaves of the potatoes begin to fade yellow and age, the potatoes have sufficient nutrition accumulation, yield and quality, and must be harvested in time in a sunny day, and the potatoes are stacked in a shade after being dried and removed of soil.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises planting southern potatoes in winter fallow field autumn and winter harvest: in the step 1, when seed potatoes are cut into pieces, the weight of each piece is 30-50g, the pieces are triangular and wedge-shaped, and after diseased and rotten potatoes are cut, a cutter is disinfected by 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 75% alcohol solution and then used.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises planting southern potatoes in winter fallow field autumn and winter harvest: and the germination accelerating treatment in the step 1 is to place the seed potatoes in moist sandy soil with the thickness of 10cm horizontally, cover a layer of sieving sandy soil with the thickness of 5cm on the seed potatoes, water the seed potatoes by using a watering can, keep the soil moist and keep the soil temperature at 20 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises planting southern potatoes in winter fallow field autumn and winter harvest: and 3, burying a small amount of thin organic fertilizer grains on the surface of the soil before planting to accelerate the growth of the root system.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises planting southern potatoes in winter fallow field autumn and winter harvest: the fertilizer for fertilization in the step 3 is a ternary compound fertilizer 15-10-20 or a compound fertilizer 16-8-20, and 30g and 1000g of phoxim granules are mixed into toxic soil to be spread in the sowing trench along ridges while fertilizing.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises planting southern potatoes in winter fallow field autumn and winter harvest: when sowing is carried out in the step 3, the bud eyes are downward, if furrows are opened in the furrows for fertilizing, the bud eyes are inward, and the potato blocks cannot be directly contacted with the fertilizer.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises planting southern potatoes in winter fallow field autumn and winter harvest: and 4, when the seedlings are unearthed and fertilized again in the step 4, the fertilizer is applied around the plants and cannot directly contact the base parts of the plants so as to prevent the seedlings from being injured.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises planting southern potatoes in winter fallow field autumn and winter harvest: the disinfectant in the step 2 is a copper sulfate solution or a plant ash solution.
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