CN103504151A - Method for preparing insect feed with organic waste and insect feed - Google Patents
Method for preparing insect feed with organic waste and insect feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of insect feed processing, in particular to a method for preparing protein insect feed with organic waste and the prepared insect feed. The method comprises the steps of directly crushing the organic waste into powder, mixing with beneficial microorganisms for fermentation, and adding necessary nutrition additives to form the insect feed. The raw material is not required to be sterilized and dried at high temperature; the production cycle is shortened; the production cost is lowered; simultaneously, macromolecular substances of the organic waste are converted to small peptides, organic acid and sugar by physiologic metabolism of the beneficial microorganisms; various nutrient substances such as bio-enzymes and vitamins which have a prebiotic effect on high protein insects and are easier to absorb are produced; and the purpose of recycling is achieved. Fermentation heat energy produced during fermentation of the microorganisms is effectively utilized to kill pathogenic microorganisms possibly existing in the organic waste, and the biosafety of the insect feed is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to feed processing technology field, more specifically, relate to a kind of organic waste that utilizes and prepare the method for insect feedstuff and the insect feedstuff preparing.
Background technology
China has a large amount of debirs to be thrown aside and cause serious environmental pollution.Organic waste is the organic waste producing in human being's production and life process, mainly comprises changing food waste, agricultural organic waste etc., is characterized in that output is large, it is wide to distribute.The annual changing food waste producing of China is nearly more than 6,000 ten thousand tons according to statistics; China's plant husbandry has the discarded object (stalk, wormwood, shell are climing etc.) of 1,000,000,000 tons of left and right to fail to be used well every year; 3,000,000 tons of left and right of aquaculture feces of livestock and poultry; 1,600,000 tons of left and right of forestry (sawdust, wood shavings etc.).
These are precious resources and severe contamination source.At present, a large amount of stalks is burnt simply, major polluting atmosphere environment, and the organic liquid wastes such as changing food waste, feces of livestock and poultry directly enter water body and cause serious body of groundwater to pollute and pollution of surface drainage etc. without dealing carefully with.If this situation further worsens, will inevitably restrict the development of agricultural production, cause the further deterioration of environment.
Edible insects is by the dietary protein origin that is the tool potentiality of human future.There are 2,000,000,000 people's edible insects in the whole world as daily nutrient protein source at present.In May, 2013, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) delivered report, advocate energetically various countries' exploitation edible insects, because providing for the mankind under the albumen prerequisite of equal quality, compare with cultivation pig, ox, the energy consumption of cultivation edible insect only has the former 1/3rd, can not cause environmental pollution, do not strive grain with the mankind simultaneously.Meanwhile, the develop rapidly of China's large-scale cultivation industry causes feedstuff albumen day by day in short supply, and conventional dregs of beans and fish meal can not meet the needs of animal-breeding development.Therefore utilize debirs cultivation edible insect, product are imperative as an alternative for exploitation insect protein.
The mode that can make at present organic waste obtain efficient resourceization processing mainly contains compost making, fertilizer and fermentation methane production generating, but these processing modes exist, investment is large, added value is low, cause the drawbacks such as secondary pollution, need participation and the subsidy of government, individual or small business are difficult to maintain normal production run.Prior art also has utilizes organic waste to prepare animal feed, conventionally select organic waste after high-temperature sterilization is processed, be broken into powder, and then oven dry can feeding after mixing with auxiliary material to animal, wherein, organic waste is prepared to feed, high-temperature sterilization and these two steps of oven dry are essential, but these two steps need to expend a large amount of heat energy, thereby greatly improve the cost of organic waste recycling, and, adopt the feed that existing above-mentioned preparation method obtains only to contain the nutriment of organic waste itself, as forage feed animal, easily cause subalimentation, can not meet the especially demand of high protein ingestion animal to proteinaceous nutrient of animal.
Therefore how fully to effectively utilize organic waste, its bio-transformation is become to the resource materials such as protein, and effective production control energy consumption, realize recycling, to rationally utilizing agricultural production and living resources, the tool of improving the ecological environment is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that organic waste utilization of resources measure in prior art is uneconomical, the defect of environmental protection in order to overcome, and a kind of method of utilizing organic waste to prepare insect feedstuff is provided.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the insect feedstuff that described method prepares.
Object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The preparation method that a kind of insect feedstuff is provided, comprises the steps:
S1. collect organic waste, and sort out impurity;
S2. organic waste is broken for to particle, the moisture content of adjusting organic waste composition granule is 50～60%;
S3. organic waste composition granule and auxiliary material, the beneficial microbe bacterial classification of getting S2 processing are fully mixed to get mixture; Percentage meter by weight, organic waste composition granule and auxiliary material, beneficial microbe bacterial classification that described S2 processes account for respectively 60～90%, 10～40% and 0.1～1% of mixture weight;
S4. S3 gained fermented mixture is obtained to described insect feedstuff; The condition of described fermentation is anaerobism or aerobic fermentation 7～15 days in the environment of 25～45 ℃.
Described in S2, the granularity particle of particle is more carefully better, through a large amount of embodiment of the present invention, sums up, and considers preparation effect, operability and production cost, and preferably, granular size of the present invention is no more than 10 orders, the most suitable with 5～10 orders.
Preferably, the moisture content of adjusting organic waste composition granule described in S2 adopts dehydration or adds the mode of water; The method of described dehydration is for adopting extruding-desiccation machine or centrifugal dehydrator to carry out extrusion dehydration or centrifugal dehydration.
While utilizing organic waste to prepare animal feed in prior art, conventionally select organic waste, after high-temperature sterilization is processed, to be broken into powder, and then oven dry gets final product feeding to animal after mixing with auxiliary material.Wherein, high-temperature sterilization and these two steps of oven dry need to expend a large amount of heat energy, thereby improve the cost of organic waste recycling, and, the feed that above-mentioned preparation method obtains only contains the nutriment of organic waste itself, such feed nutrition is not enough, can not meet the especially demand of high protein ingestion animal to proteinaceous nutrient of animal.The present invention has changed traditional organic waste processing technology routine that utilizes, first directly organic waste is broken into powder particle, adjust after suitable moisture, itself and auxiliary material, beneficial microbe can be obtained to insect feedstuff according to proper proportion mixed culture fermentation, do not need high-temperature sterilization and drying and processing, reduce professional equipment and dropped into and huge energy consumption, significantly reduced production cost.
The present invention selects beneficial microbe to participate in the metabolism fermentation of organic waste, converting the nutriment of organic waste itself to biology enzyme, polypeptide, organic acid, multivitamin etc. has the nutriment of prebiotic effect to the insect of high protein, real realization turned waste into wealth.The heat of fermentation that microorganism of the present invention produces during the fermentation kills the pathogenic microorganism that may exist in organic waste, has guaranteed the biological safety of feed.
Organic waste of the present invention include but not limited to changing food waste, animal-breeding discarded object as expired feed, expired organic bedding and padding and other dry solid-state castoffs, the activated sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant, the organic waste of food processing factory as wherein one or more such as marc, manioc waste, residue of soya and vinasse.
Described auxiliary material is one or more in wheat bran, cavings, corn flour, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, herbage and stalk.
Described beneficial microbe is food grade beneficial microbe, comprises one or more of the mould of food grade lactic acid bacteria, food-grade yeast bacterium, food grade and food grade bacillus.
Described fermentation mode is heap fermentation, pack fermentation, ferment tank or fermenting tank for fermentation;
Described insect is high protein edible insects, and high protein edible insects includes but not limited to a kind of in yellow meal worm, barley worm, bamboo worm and locust.
The invention provides the insect feedstuff that described preparation method prepares.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Organic waste of the present invention is without extra high-temperature sterilization, without washing desalination, directly adopt beneficial microbe strain fermentation, the fermentation fever producing by Institute of Micro-biology kills pathogen and the virus that in changing food waste and other discarded objects, may exist, the metabolite that Institute of Micro-biology produces simultaneously, as biology enzyme, polypeptide, organic acid, multivitamins etc. have certain prebiotic effect to the insect of high protein.The organic waste fermenting is afterwards also without further dehydrating, and can directly or add after nourishing additive agent as the insect feedstuff high protein insect of feeding.
The present invention will be originally the organic waste of " useless " after multi-stage biological transforms, be finally converted into insect protein, realized the recycling treatment of organic waste, simultaneously also for feedstuff industry and aquaculture provide valuable protein resource.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further describe the present invention.The test method of using in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method; The instrument and equipment using, material etc., if no special instructions, are instrument and equipment, the material that can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1
S1. collect fresh changing food waste, and sort out the impurity such as bulk bone, chopsticks, unit of plastic, tableware and glass;
S2. adopt pulverizer that kitchen garbage pulverizing is become to 10 object particles, adopt screw extruding dewaterer to dewater simultaneously, make the moisture content of changing food waste reach 50%;
S3. percentage meter by weight, gets changing food waste particle and 19.5% wheat bran that 80% S2 processes, and the lactic acid bacteria of 0.5% left and right (purchased from Chinese industrial microorganism fungus kind preservation administrative center, Chinese lactobacillus acidophilus, numbers CICC6082.The source of lactic acid bacteria does not limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art of the present technique can adopt the lactic acid bacteria in other sources, and following microbial bacteria is same) fully mix;
S4. the changing food waste mixing is packed in the environment of 37 ℃ to fermentation, ferment about 7 days, obtain feed.
The feed that the present embodiment is prepared is directly used for raising yellow meal worm as the larvae feeds of yellow meal worm, other raising conditions are with reference to existing routine, after three months, barley worm is by 0.5 centimetre of commodity larva that grows to 2.0 centimetres, and protein content is up to 50% left and right (dry weight).
Embodiment 2
S1. collect fresh changing food waste, and sort out the impurity such as bulk bone, chopsticks, unit of plastic, tableware and glass;
S2. adopt pulverizer that kitchen garbage pulverizing is become to 5 object particles, adopt centrifuge to dewater simultaneously, make the moisture content of changing food waste reach 55% left and right;
S3. get 70% dehydration changing food waste and 19.3% corn flour, and the lactic acid bacteria of 0.5% left and right is (purchased from Chinese industrial microorganism fungus kind preservation administrative center, Chinese lactobacillus acidophilus, numbering CICC6082) and the bacillus subtilis of 0.2% left and right (purchased from Chinese industrial microorganism fungus kind preservation administrative center, Chinese bacillus subtilis, numbering CICC10446) fully mix;
S4. by the changing food waste mixing in the environment of 40 ℃ in fermentation cylinder for fermentation, fermentation time is 10 days, obtains feed.
The feed that the present embodiment is prepared is used for raising barley worm as the larvae feeds of barley worm.After three months, barley worm is by 0.5 centimetre of commodity larva that grows to 2.5 centimetres, and protein content is up to 50% left and right (dry weight).
Embodiment 3
S1. collect fresh live pig argol, remove impurity;
S2. adopt pulverizer that argol is ground into 5 object particles, adopt screw extruder to dewater simultaneously, make the moisture content of changing food waste reach 50% left and right get Tuo argol;
S3. get 70% de-argol and 20% wheat bran, 9.4% corn flour, and the lactic acid bacteria of 0.2% left and right is (purchased from Chinese industrial microorganism fungus kind preservation administrative center, Chinese Lactobacillus plantarum, numbering CICC6026), the saccharomycete of 0.2% left and right is (purchased from Chinese industrial microorganism fungus kind preservation administrative center, Chinese saccharomyces cerevisiae, numbering CICC31829) and the bacillus subtilis of 0.2% left and right (purchased from Chinese industrial microorganism fungus kind preservation administrative center, Chinese bacillus subtilis, numbering CICC10446) be fully mixed to get mixture;
S4. the mixture mixing is packed in the environment of 40 ℃ to fermentation, fermentation time is 10 days, obtains feed.
In the feed that the present embodiment is prepared, add B B-complex, the larvae feeds as yellow meal worm after mixing is used for raising yellow meal worm again.After three months, barley worm is by 0.5 centimetre of commodity larva that grows to 2.5 centimetres, and protein content is up to 50% left and right (dry weight).
Embodiment 4
S1. collect the discarded feed (take from intensive culture field, Shaoguan, Guangdong, therefore do not limit the present invention) of plant, and sort out impurity;
S2. adopt the discarded feed meal of pulverizer plant to be broken into 10 object particles, add amount of water to make its moisture content reach 60% left and right;
S3. the discarded feed of percentage meter ，Qu60% plant and 19.8% maize straw by weight, 19.8% rice straw, and the well-mixed mixture of bacillus subtilis of the saccharomycete of 0.2% left and right and 0.2% left and right; The source of described saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis is with embodiment 3;
S4. mixture is fermented in the environment of 30 ℃ in fermentation vat, fermentation time is 10 days, obtains feed.
The feed that just the present embodiment prepares is used for raising locust as locust feed, is used for cultivating yellow meal worm simultaneously.After three months, barley worm is by 0.5 centimetre of commodity larva that grows to 2.5 centimetres, and protein content is up to 50% left and right (dry weight).
Embodiment 5
S1. collect the expired bedding and padding of plant (deriving from intensive culture field, riverhead), and sort out impurity;
S2. adopt pulverizer that expired bedding and padding are ground into 5 object particles, add amount of water, make its moisture content reach 55%;
S3. percentage meter by weight, gets 85% expired bedding and padding particle and 9.4% wheat bran, and the lactic acid bacteria of 0.2% left and right, the well-mixed mixture of bacillus subtilis of the saccharomycete of 0.2% left and right and 0.2% left and right; Microbial bacteria source is with embodiment 3;
S4. mixture is fermented in the environment of 40 ℃ in fermentation vat, fermentation time is 10 days, obtains feed.
The feed that just the present embodiment prepares is raised barley worm as the feed of barley worm.After three months, barley worm is by 0.5 centimetre of commodity larva that grows to 2.5 centimetres, and protein content is up to 50% left and right (dry weight).
Embodiment 6
S1. collect the expired bedding and padding of plant, and sort impurity;
S2. adopt pulverizer that kitchen garbage pulverizing is become to 5 object particles, add amount of water, make its moisture content reach 50% left and right;
S3. percentage meter by weight, gets 70% expired bedding and padding particle and 9.8% wheat bran, 9.8% corn flour, and 9.8% herbage, and the lactic acid bacteria of 0.2% left and right, the bacillus subtilis of the saccharomycete of 0.2% left and right and 0.2% left and right is fully mixed to get mixture; Microbial bacteria source is with embodiment 3;
S4. mixture is fermented in the environment of 40 ℃ in fermentation vat, fermentation time is 10 days, obtains feed.
The feed that the present embodiment is prepared is used for raising yellow meal worm as yellow meal worm feed.After three months, barley worm is by 0.5 centimetre of commodity larva that grows to 2.0 centimetres, and protein content is up to 50% left and right (dry weight).
The feed testing result that embodiment 1～embodiment 6 is prepared is as shown in Table 1:
Table one
| ? | Outward appearance | Physical and chemical index | Health * |
| Embodiment 1 | Golden yellow color look, smell acid fragrance, granularity is meticulous evenly, free from admixture foreign matter; | Moisture 50, ash content 3.5, thick protein 21 | Heavy metal As does not detect, Pb < 3ppm, Cd < 1.0ppm; Salmonella and Escherichia coli do not detect |
| Embodiment 2 | Lighter color is yellow, smell acid fragrance, epigranular, free from admixture foreign matter; | Moisture 53, ash content 3.0, thick protein 17 | Heavy metal As does not detect, Pb < 3ppm, Cd < 1.0ppm; Salmonella and Escherichia coli do not detect |
| Embodiment 3 | Lighter color is yellow, smell aroma band point tart flavour, and granularity is meticulous evenly, free from admixture foreign matter; | Moisture 55, ash content 3.2, thick protein 20 | Heavy metal As does not detect, Pb < 3ppm, Cd < 1.0ppm; Salmonella and Escherichia coli do not detect |
| Embodiment 4 | Lighter color is yellow, smell aroma band point tart flavour, and granularity is meticulous evenly, free from admixture foreign matter; | Moisture 58, ash content 3.6, thick protein 18 | Heavy metal As does not detect, Pb < 3ppm, Cd < 1.0ppm; Salmonella and Escherichia coli do not detect |
| Embodiment 5 | Lighter color is yellow, smell aroma band point tart flavour, and granularity is meticulous evenly, free from admixture foreign matter; | Moisture 54, ash content 4.3, thick protein 24 | Heavy metal As does not detect, Pb < 3ppm, Cd < 1.0ppm; Salmonella and Escherichia coli do not detect |
| Embodiment 6 | Golden yellow color look, smell aroma band point tart flavour, granularity is meticulous evenly, free from admixture foreign matter; | Moisture 53, ash content 4.5, thick protein 23 | Heavy metal As does not detect, Pb < 3ppm, Cd < 1.0ppm; Salmonella and Escherichia coli do not detect |
* note: in GB forage health standard (GB13078-2001), to the requirement of heavy metal, be: As < 10ppm, Pb < 10ppm,
Cd<2ppm
Comparative example 1
S1. collect fresh changing food waste, and sort out the impurity such as bulk bone, chopsticks, unit of plastic, tableware and glass;
S2. water cleans changing food waste, and the kitchen garbage pulverizing after cleaning is become to screened stock shape, carry out high-temp steam sterilizing, then high temperature drying obtains changing food waste powder;
S3. percentage meter by weight, gets 80% changing food waste powder and fully mixes with 20% wheat bran; Obtain contrast feed.
The feed that Application Example 1～6 and comparative example 1 prepare is raised yellow meal worm simultaneously.Found that: feed described in Application Example 1, after three months, yellow meal worm is by 0.5 centimetre of commodity larva that grows to 2.0 centimetres.And feed described in use comparative example 1, after three months, barley worm is by 0.5 centimetre of commodity larva that grows to 1.5 centimetres, and, because comparative example is with needing a large amount of energy and corollary equipments to go to carry out high-temperature sterilization agent high temperature drying, aquaculture cost is increased greatly, and the cost of raising the yellow meal worm of one kilogram of every cultivation with feed described in comparative example 1 increases by 4 yuan left and right than embodiment 1.
Claims (10)
1. utilize organic waste to prepare a method for insect feedstuff, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
S1. collect organic waste, and sort out impurity;
S2. organic waste is broken for to particle, the moisture content of adjusting organic waste composition granule is 50～60%;
S3. organic waste composition granule and auxiliary material, the beneficial microbe bacterial classification of getting S2 processing are fully mixed to get mixture; Percentage meter by weight, organic waste composition granule and auxiliary material, beneficial microbe bacterial classification that described S2 processes account for respectively 60～90%, 10～40% and 0.1～1% of mixture weight;
S4. S3 gained fermented mixture is obtained to described insect feedstuff; The condition of described fermentation is anaerobism or aerobic fermentation 7～15 days in the environment of 25～45 ℃.
2. utilize according to claim 1 organic waste to prepare the method for insect feedstuff, it is characterized in that, described in S1 organic waste be changing food waste, animal-breeding discarded object as expired feed, expired organic bedding and padding and other dry solid-state castoffs, the activated sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant, the organic waste of food processing factory as one or more in marc, manioc waste, residue of soya or vinasse.
3. utilize according to claim 1 organic waste to prepare the method for insect feedstuff, it is characterized in that, described in S2 the granularity of particle be 10 orders or more than.
4. utilize according to claim 1 organic waste to prepare the method for insect feedstuff, it is characterized in that, the moisture content of adjusting organic waste composition granule described in S2 adopts dehydration or adds the mode of water; The method of described dehydration is extrusion dehydration or centrifugal dehydration.
5.. utilize according to claim 1 organic waste to prepare the method for insect feedstuff, it is characterized in that, auxiliary material is one or more in wheat bran, cavings, corn flour, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, herbage or stalk described in S3.
6. utilize according to claim 1 organic waste to prepare the method for insect feedstuff, it is characterized in that, beneficial microbe is one or more of food grade lactic acid bacteria, food-grade yeast bacterium, food grade mould and food grade bacillus described in S3.
7. utilize according to claim 1 organic waste to prepare the method for insect feedstuff, it is characterized in that, fermentation mode is heap fermentation, pack fermentation, ferment tank or fermenting tank for fermentation described in S4.
8. utilize according to claim 1 organic waste to prepare the method for insect feedstuff, it is characterized in that: described insect is edible high protein insect.
9. utilize according to claim 8 organic waste to prepare the method for insect feedstuff, it is characterized in that, described edible high protein insect is yellow meal worm, barley worm, bamboo worm or locust.
10. the insect feedstuff that described in claim 1 to 9 any one, method prepares.
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