CN103125163A - Method for improving water quality of reservoir by utilizing space-time specificities of hydro-fluctuation belt - Google Patents
Method for improving water quality of reservoir by utilizing space-time specificities of hydro-fluctuation belt Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving water quality of a reservoir by utilizing space-time specificities of a hydro-fluctuation belt. The method comprises the steps of (1) soil preparation of a counter-slope terrace of the hydro-fluctuation belt, (2) plant cultivation, and (3) plant harvest and utilization, and manual harvest for mulberry, crab grass, hemarthria compressa, sticktight and bermuda grass in experimental areas, wherein the mulberry, the crab grass, the hemarthria compressa, the sticktight and the bermuda grass serve as green feed and are used for feeding livestock, and all plants can be respectively harvested in different growth periods and used for fermentation of a methane-generating pit. According to the method for improving the water quality of the reservoir by utilizing the space-time specificities of the hydro-fluctuation belt, potential productivity of land of the gentle slope hydro-fluctuation belt is utilized, economic plants suitable for environment of the hydro-fluctuation belt are selected and planted, the plants can effectively absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in soil during growing, and pollution loads of the soil are reduced through harvest and utilization of the plants. Meanwhile, secondary cumulative pollution for water body due to death of the plants or rot of stem leaves is avoided, when the hydro-fluctuation belt is submerged, biogenic element conversion is generated on a water and soil interface, pollution for the water body due to release of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the other pollutants in the soil is relieved, or the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the other pollutants in the water body are absorbed, and the aim of improving water quality is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the water prevention and cure of pollution technical field, specifically a kind of method of utilizing the falling zone Space-time speciality to improve Reservoir Water Quality.
Background technology
More than 8.6 ten thousand, the built all kinds of reservoirs of China, nearly 500,000,000,000 m of aggregate storage capacity
3, when having brought into play the comprehensive benefits such as huge flood control, irrigation, generating, shipping and water supply, formed large-area falling zone in storehouse week.The area of falling zone is closely related with the topography and geomorphology that becomes base area, reservoir level drop, and generally, valley or hills property reservoir drawdown band area are less, and the area of Plain property reservoir drawdown band is larger; The reservoir level drop is large, and the area of falling zone is large, otherwise the area of falling zone is little.Be subjected to the impact of long-term water erosion and current scour, the falling zone plant growth medium becomes material and forms and structure alluvial soil layer or exposed bedrock substantially roughly the same, and environmental quality descends, ecological degradation.Be to be about the river-like reservoir of 660 kilometers as Three Gorges Reservoir, the scheduling scheme existing according to Three Gorges Reservoir, water level changes between elevation 145m to 175m before the dam, is forming 221.5 hundred million m
3The storage capacity while, storehouse week forms more than 300 km
2The falling zone, relate to 19 districts, reservoir area and the Chongqing City of Hubei Province and Chongqing City.The falling zone is subjected to the significantly impact of (before the dam up to 30m), anti-season fluctuation of reservoir level, and the exposure period is hot moist summer; Zhou Cheng market town, storehouse is numerous, densely populated, and the socio-economic development level is low, and influencing each other of mankind's activity and falling zone is frequent, complicated.Therefore, the ecological environment problem of Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone has caused social extensive concern.
The cyclically-varying of large reservoir falling zone plant " seed or rhizomatic germination-grow-flood decomposition-seed or rhizomatic germination " is the key link of falling zone material recycle and energy flow.At present, anti-flooding obtained some achievements aspect drought-enduring plant screening and vegetation construction in the Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone, for the falling zone ecological management has been established certain technical foundation.The Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone is the land and water alternate environment, the vegetation of artificial constructed or self-assembling formation of exposure phase is playing important function aspect pollution of area source being detained, absorbing and transform, but rot in the phase of flooding (every year the longest waterflooding time reach 8 months) plant death or cauline leaf, pollutant is discharged into water body again, Reservoir Water Quality is caused cumulative secondary pollution, affect the reservoir water Environmental security.
Vegetation construction and ecological management about the falling zone, representative patent of invention mainly contains: " slope vegetation protection method for water body swelling and subsiding zone " (Chinese patent application number 200510033601.3) proposed to build the Li Shi dogstail at swelling and subsiding zone and has been carried out bank protection, with control swelling and subsiding zone water and soil loss and afforest swelling and subsiding zone; " hydro-fluctuation belt grass vegetation constructing method " (Chinese patent application 200510022662.X) proposed to plant the tuber of dwarf lilyturf in the falling zone of tidal reach, carries out tidal reach falling zone restoration of the ecosystem and vegetation construction; It is that main, plantation amphibious plants nursery stock is auxiliary vegetation slope pavement scheme that " a kind of method of vegetation slope pavement of level fluctuation zone " (Chinese patent application number 20061006250.0) adopts to the domatic amphibious plants seed of sowing grass seeds by duster of swelling and subsiding zone, in the domatic formation of swelling and subsiding zone Qiao, filling, careless stereoscopic configurations, has the ecological protection plant community of water and soil conservation and landscape effect; It can be that 0～30 meter, water logging time are the falling zone survival of 0～8 month and can grow well in the vertical discrepancy in elevation of fluctuation in stage that " application in the vegetation construction of reservoir and rivers and lakes falling zones and ecological management of Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa " (Chinese patent application number 201010611877) proposes the vegetation that built by Hemarthria compressa or Hemarthria compressa, is applicable to China's reservoir particularly falling zone revegetation and the ecological management of Three Gorges Reservoir and rivers and lakes; " a kind of method of utilizing lotus to build Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone muskeg " (Chinese patent application number 200910273270) proposes at the red lotus of original farmland of reservoir drawdown band ecological region planting and Hunan lotus seeds, build the muskeg ecosystem, reach the effect of beautifying the falling zone view, improve the falling zone eco-environmental quality.
Cut down about water pollution load, representative patent of invention mainly contains: " purification method of polluted lake water body " (Chinese patent application number 200910040965) proposed to utilize composite bacteria agent capable to shift, transform and the degraded lake in pollutant; " a kind of composite artificial ecological floating island and construction method " (Chinese patent application number 200810236944) proposed the structure artificial ecological floating island, make it and microorganism formation minisize ecological group by plantation water purification plant, polluted-water is produced the omnibearing stereo catharsis; " a kind of in-situ control eutrophic water sedimentary phosphate discharge method " (Chinese patent application number 201010167172) proposes the bed mud that makes ozone and iron salt solutions act on eutrophication water-overlying water interface, under the strong oxidizing condition that ozone forms, form the hydroxide flco of iron, remove phosphorus by absorption and coagulation or complexing from overlying water, and at bed mud top layer interface formation thin film, further suppress the bed mud phosphate releasing, realize that the in-situ control sedimentary phosphate discharges; " ecological repair method for shallow water lake shore zone " (Chinese patent application number 200810019140) proposes to build in picturesque disorder aquatic vegetation with emergent aquactic plant, fluitante, floatingleaved plant and the combination of submerged plant Community Facies at Lakeside Zone, adopts the restoration of the ecosystem comprehensive technical measures such as microorganism, fish, shellfish and water plants to improve water quality.
Above-mentioned falling zone vegetation construction technique, emphasize the anti-ability of flooding of plant, can recover growth after the exposure of falling zone, has the Soil Conservation ﹠ Revetment function, but the screening and the harvesting utilization that do not relate to the decontamination plant, comprise that plant self absorbs ability and the ground biomass size of Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus, and leaves of plants or part stem rot can cause the cumulative bad secondary pollution to water body after rotten; Above-mentioned water pollution load reduction technology, directly take biological control measure (microorganism, water plants and animal) for water body or Lakeside Zone, the space-time characteristics of not utilizing the falling zone exposure and flooding, area of space and the environmental quality related from the application's patented technology are different.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method of utilizing the falling zone Space-time speciality to improve Reservoir Water Quality, the method is based on the falling zone Space-time speciality, pass through plantation high-effective cleansing plant, results and utilize in the falling zone exposure period, cut down soil pollution load, flood the source of students key element conversion at period water and soil interface by the falling zone, alleviate soil pollutant and discharge or absorb water pollutant, reach the purpose of improving Reservoir Water Quality.
A kind of method of utilizing the falling zone Space-time speciality to improve Reservoir Water Quality comprises the steps:
(1) the whole ground of falling zone reversed terrace: finishing terraced fields plot makes that it is smooth and formation is opposite with the falling zone slope aspect, the little counter-slope of 3 °～5 ° of sloping inwardly of field face; Build retaining wall between two counter-slopes in up and down, dig the trench pit at face toe, along domatic vertical drainage trenching; Fall apart at lowest water level place, falling zone and throw piece stone and form jackstone spats district, jackstone spats district top width, highly be the 2m left and right;
(2) plant cultivating: mulberry selects annual shoot to transplant, and at first distance between rows and hills 100cm * 30cm plants nursery stock when planting by large and small classification segmentation, and seedling is planted in the edge; Hemarthria compressa is selected kind of a stem transplanting method, will plant stem and be cut into 15～20cm long shoot section, and every section contains 2～3 joints, trench digging cuttage, ditch depth 10～15cm, line-spacing 30-40cm, spacing in the rows 15～20cm; Bermuda grass adopts kind of a stem transplanting method, plants the same Hemarthria compressa of stem transplanting method; Beggar-ticks, Siberian cocklebur all select the seedling of 20～30cm to transplant, and dig the nest field planting when moistening in the soil, distance between rows and hills 40 * 40cm;
(3) plant results and utilization: but mulberry, lady's-grass, Hemarthria compressa, beggar-ticks and Bermuda grass hand harvest are used as green fodder pasture, and all plants all can be gathered in for biogas generating pit in different growing stages and be fermented.
The method of utilizing the falling zone Space-time speciality to improve Reservoir Water Quality as above, the cross section of described retaining wall are right-angled trapezium, high 50～100cm, top width 25～40cm, bottom width 35～50cm, 75 °～80 °, hypotenuse inclination angle.
The method of utilizing the falling zone Space-time speciality to improve Reservoir Water Quality as above, the sectional dimension in trench pit and drain ditch is 30cm * 25cm.
The present invention utilizes the productive potential of gentle slope regression zone land, selection growth is fit to the indigenous economic plants of falling zone environment, plant growth can effectively absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in soil, harvesting utilization by plant (after harvesting as herbage or biogas generating pit fermentation) again, reduce soil pollution load, avoid simultaneously plant death or cauline leaf to rot water body is caused the twice accumulation contact scar; When the falling zone is flooded, transform in water and soil interface generation source of students key element, alleviate Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus and the release of other pollutants to the pollution of water body, or the nitrogen in the absorption water body, phosphorus and other pollutants, reach the purpose of improving water quality, compare with the ecological management technology with the vegetation construction of existing falling zone, avoided plant death or cauline leaf to rot water body is caused the twice accumulation contact scar, compare with existing water pollution load reduction technology, more economically, effectively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention utilizes the falling zone Space-time speciality to improve in the method for Reservoir Water Quality generalized section to the whole ground of reservoir drawdown band reversed terrace;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention utilizes the falling zone Space-time speciality to improve the technical schematic diagram of the method for Reservoir Water Quality.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the present invention, the technical scheme in the present invention is clearly and completely described.
Tested in the Three Geroge of Chongqing Xiao Jiang of Kai Xian (claim again Peng Xi river) falling zone, Li He left bank, Pu, tributary in 2011,30 mu of planting areas, the floristics of plantation is: mulberry (Morus alba), beggar-ticks (Bidens pilosa), lady's-grass (Digitaria sanguinalis), Hemarthria compressa (Hemarthria altissima), Siberian cocklebur (Xanthium sibiricum), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon).
The present invention utilizes the falling zone Space-time speciality to improve the method for Reservoir Water Quality, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) the whole ground of falling zone reversed terrace: as shown in Figure 1, finishing terraced fields plot (being experimental field terraced fields originally) make that it is smooth and formation is opposite with the falling zone slope aspect, the little counter-slope of 3 °～5 ° of sloping inwardly of field face; Building retaining wall in the up and down between two counter-slopes, the retaining wall cross section is right-angled trapezium, high 50～100cm, top width 25～40cm, bottom width 35～50cm, 75 °～80 °, hypotenuse inclination angle; Dig the trench pit at face toe, along domatic vertical drainage trenching, the sectional dimension in trench pit and drain ditch is 30cm * 25cm, satisfies plant growth to falling zone soil moisture and nutrient demand.For preventing from that the falling zone, bottom from caving in, fall apart at the lowest water level place throwing piece stone formation jackstone spats district, jackstone spats district top width, highly be about 2m.
(2) plant cultivating: mulberry selects annual shoot to transplant, and at first distance between rows and hills 100cm * 30cm plants nursery stock when planting by large and small classification segmentation, and seedling is planted in the edge, is convenient to nursing, when avoiding competition for existence, forms uneven phenomenon; Hemarthria compressa is selected kind of a stem transplanting method, will plant stem and be cut into 15～20cm long shoot section, and every section contains 2～3 joints, trench digging cuttage, ditch depth 10～15cm, line-spacing 30～40cm, spacing in the rows 15～20cm; Bermuda grass adopts kind of a stem transplanting method, plants the same Hemarthria compressa of stem transplanting method; Beggar-ticks, Siberian cocklebur all select the seedling of 20～30cm to transplant, and dig the nest field planting when moistening in the soil, distance between rows and hills 40 * 40cm.
(3) plant results and utilization: mulberry, lady's-grass, Hemarthria compressa, beggar-ticks, Bermuda grass to the test region carry out the hand harvest, make green fodder and feed pig, ox and sheep etc., all plants, particularly can not do the plant (as Siberian cocklebur) of feed, all gather in for biogas generating pit in different growing stages and ferment.
Reservoir Water Quality improves know-why with reference to figure 2, when the exposure of falling zone, utilize the productive potential of gentle slope regression zone land, selection growth is fit to the indigenous economic plants of falling zone environment, plant growth can effectively absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in soil, by the harvesting utilization (fermenting as herbage or biogas generating pit after harvesting) of plant, reduce soil pollution load again, avoid simultaneously plant death or cauline leaf to rot water body is caused the twice accumulation contact scar; When the falling zone is flooded, transform in water and soil interface generation source of students key element, alleviate Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus and the release of other pollutants to the pollution of water body, or the nitrogen in the absorption water body, phosphorus and other pollutants (are to discharge or absorb, the background value that depends on the soil and water pollutant), reach the purpose of improving water quality.
The clean effect assessment: result of the test shows (seeing the following form 1), and plant growth (overground part) absorbs removes Soil Nitrogen, the pure amount accumulative total of phosphorus (g/m
2) sorting from big to small is: mulberry, beggar-ticks, lady's-grass, Hemarthria compressa, Siberian cocklebur, Bermuda grass.Remove the pure amount (g/m of nitrogen
2) sorting from big to small is: mulberry, beggar-ticks, lady's-grass, Hemarthria compressa, Siberian cocklebur, Bermuda grass; Remove the pure amount (g/m of phosphorus
2) sorting from big to small is: mulberry, beggar-ticks, lady's-grass, Hemarthria compressa, Siberian cocklebur, Bermuda grass.
Table 1 phytomass and removal nitrogen, the pure dose-effect of phosphorus really compare
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, anyly belongs to those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement are within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (3)
1. a method of utilizing the falling zone Space-time speciality to improve Reservoir Water Quality, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) the whole ground of falling zone reversed terrace: finishing terraced fields plot makes that it is smooth and formation is opposite with the falling zone slope aspect, the little counter-slope of 3 °～5 ° of sloping inwardly of field face; Build retaining wall between two counter-slopes in up and down, dig the trench pit at face toe, along domatic vertical drainage trenching; Fall apart at lowest water level place, falling zone and throw piece stone and form jackstone spats district, jackstone spats district top width, highly be the 2m left and right;
(2) plant cultivating: mulberry selects annual shoot to transplant, and at first distance between rows and hills 100cm * 30cm plants nursery stock when planting by large and small classification segmentation, and seedling is planted in the edge; Hemarthria compressa is selected kind of a stem transplanting method, will plant stem and be cut into 15～20cm long shoot section, and every section contains 2～3 joints, trench digging cuttage, ditch depth 10～15cm, line-spacing 30-40cm, spacing in the rows 15～20cm; Bermuda grass adopts kind of a stem transplanting method, plants the same Hemarthria compressa of stem transplanting method; Beggar-ticks, Siberian cocklebur all select the seedling of 20～30cm to transplant, and dig the nest field planting when moistening in the soil, distance between rows and hills 40 * 40cm;
(3) plant results and utilization: but mulberry, lady's-grass, Hemarthria compressa, beggar-ticks and Bermuda grass hand harvest are used as green fodder pasture, and all plants all can be gathered in for biogas generating pit in different growing stages and be fermented.
2. the method for utilizing the falling zone Space-time speciality to improve Reservoir Water Quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cross section of described retaining wall is right-angled trapezium, high 50～100cm, top width 25～40cm, bottom width 35～50cm, 75 °～80 °, hypotenuse inclination angle.
3. the method for utilizing the falling zone Space-time speciality to improve Reservoir Water Quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sectional dimension in trench pit and drain ditch is 30cm * 25cm.
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| CN104798656A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-07-29 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Weathered bedrock hydro-fluctuation belt land seedling cultivation and water growth tree planting method |
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| CN108643125A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-10-12 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A method of mulberry is flooded to reservoir drawdown band progress restoration of the ecosystem using resistance to |
| CN109496701A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-03-22 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A kind of method of Southern Red Soil hilly upland grass planting |
| CN112095640A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-18 | 云南农业大学 | Terrace for ecological isolation zone and construction method thereof |
| CN112136410A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-29 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method for rapidly building plants in flood plain wetland of Yangtze river central island |
| CN112136410B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-11-01 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method for rapidly building plants in flood plain wetland of Yangtze river central island |
| CN114242184A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 西安理工大学 | Reservoir-area hydro-fluctuation belt vegetation community repairing method |
| CN114938750A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-08-26 | 海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院) | Mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method |
| CN114938750B (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2023-09-26 | 海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院) | Mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method |
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